THIRD PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

GRADE 9 ENGLISH REVIEWER

I. DRAMA & THEATER

1. Act
The major division in the action of a play.
2. One-set play
A play about a single incident and set in a single location.
3. Directions
Instructions on how the play is to be acted out.
4. Drama
From a greek word meaning “to do” or “to perform”
5. Dialogue
The direct conversation of the characters.
6. Verbal Irony
The difference between what is said and what is true.
7. Scene
The signals change in location or the entrance of a new character.
8. Play
An example of dramatic literature written to be performed.
9. Playwright
A writer who writes plays.
10. Exposition
Found at the beginning of a play and provides background information.
11. Dramatic Irony
Difference between what the character believes to be true & what the reader or audience
knows to be true.
12. Denouement
A french term that means to “unravel” which describes the resolution of the plot.
13. Plot
The author’s arrangement of incidents in the play.
14. Theme
The central idea or meaning of the play.
15. In media res
To begin the story in the middle of the action.

II. VERBAL
-is a verb functioning as some other part of speech.
Three Types of Verbal
1. INFINITIVE. It is a form of a verb that generally appears with the word ‘to’ and has three
possible functions:
– as a noun
– as an adjective
– as an adverb
Infinitives as Nouns:
a. Subject:
To understand required maturity and acceptance.
To sleep is the only thing Eli wants after his long day of work.
b. Direct object:
I hate to go.
Infinitives as Adjectives:
The teacher assigned us too many problems to solve. (Modify problems)
Wherever Melissa goes, she always brings a book to read in case she has a long wait.
(Modify book)
There are jobs to be done. (Modify jobs)
Infinitives as Adverbs:
They struggled to resist. (Modify struggled)
Some people are unable to adjust. (Modify unable)
He always plays to win. (Modify plays)

2. PARTICIPLES
• Verb forms that are used as adjectives are called participles.
• They will have two forms: – present (ending in “-ing”) – past (ending in “-ed” or “- en”) •
these contain action, but they are not used as verbs in the sentence.
Examples:
– Smoking gun – snoring spouse – broken window - elected official
– buzzing noise – winning touchdown – walking track – streaming website
3. GERUND
A gerund looks a lot like a participle because it ends in “-ing.” However, the gerund is going to
be used as a noun.
• Gerunds will show up as subjects, direct or indirect objects or objects of prepositions.
• Gerunds are defined as the -ing form of a verb. They have several functions.

Hints:
Infinitives - “to” + verb
Participle - functions as adjective only
Gerund - function as noun (subject, direct object, object of preposition)

III. SENTENCE PATTERN

Elements of a Sentence
Subject – doer of the action/ topic of the sentence
Predicate – states something about the subject
Direct object – receives the action done by the subject; answers the questions what, who, & whom.
Indirect object - precedes the direct object and tells to whom, for whom or for what the action
of the verb is done and who is receiving the direct object

1. S-IV
(Subject- Intransitive Verb)
Maria cooperated voluntarily.
Subject- Maria
Intransitive Verb- cooperated

2. S-TV-DO
(Subject- Transitive Verb- Direct Object)
The students helped the barangay.
S- The students
V- helped
DO- the barangay

3. S-LV-C
(Subject – Linking Verb – Complement)
Teachers are our second parents.
Anne is the boss.
Whales and sharks are mammals.

Note: Complement (or Subject Complement) is also called as a predicate nominative or a

predicate noun completes a linking verb and renames the subject.

4. S-TV-DO-OC
(Subject-transitive verb-direct object- object complement)
He called the cashier beautiful.
Cathy cut her hair short.
The child made her mother happy.
Note: An object complement is a noun, pronoun, or adjective which follows a direct object and
renames it or tells what the direct object has become.

5. S-TV-IO-DO
(subject-Transitive Verb-Indirect Object-Direct object)
Liza gave the children gifts.
Mom will paint Gabriel a picture.
He will give Mrs. Perez the message.