FORMULARIO MECÁNICA DE MATERIALES

𝐹 𝑁 𝑙𝑏
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 (𝜎) = [ 2 ] (𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑎) [ ] (𝑝𝑠𝑖)
𝐴 𝑚 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔2
𝑃 𝐹 𝑃 𝐹/2 F 𝑃 𝑃
SINGLE SHEAR: 𝜏𝑎𝑣 = 𝐴 = 𝐴; DOUBLE SHEAR: 𝜏𝑎𝑣 = 𝐴 = 𝐴
= 2A 𝜏𝑏 = 𝐴 = 𝑡𝑑
𝑃 𝑃
STRESS ON AN OBLIQUE PLANE UNDER AXIAL LOAD: 𝜎 = 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝜏 = 𝐴 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
0 0

𝑈𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑈𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠

𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝐹 = =
𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝐿𝐵 − 𝐿𝑂 𝐴𝑂 − 𝐴𝐵
% 𝐸𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑥100% 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑥100
𝐿𝑂 𝐴𝑂
𝑃𝐿
Hooke’s law: 𝜎 = 𝐸𝜖 → 𝛿 = 𝐴𝐸
𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝜖 𝜖 𝜎𝑥 𝜈𝜎𝑥
Poisson Ratio 𝜈 = 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
== − 𝜖𝑦 = − 𝜖𝑧 ; 𝜖𝑥 = 𝐸
; 𝜖𝑦 = 𝜖𝑧 = − 𝐸
𝑥 𝑥

MULTIAXIAL LOADING; GENERALIZED HOOKE’S LAW

𝜎𝑥 𝜈𝜎𝑦 𝜈𝜎𝑧
𝜖𝑥 = + − −
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝜈𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 𝜈𝜎𝑧
𝜖𝑦 = − + −
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝜈𝜎𝑥 𝜈𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑧
𝜖𝑧 = − − +
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
1−2𝜈
DILATATION; BULK MODULUS or COMPRESSIBILITY MODULE𝑒 = 𝐸
(𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 + 𝜎𝑧 )

For a body under hydrostatic pressure:

3(1 − 2𝜈) 𝐸 𝑝
𝑒=− 𝑝𝑘 = 𝑒=−
𝐸 3(1 − 2𝜈) 𝑘
SHEARING UNITARY STRAIN: xy = Gxy
𝐸
RELATION BETWEEN E, , G: 2𝐺
=1+𝜐
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥
STRESS CONCENTRATIONS: 𝐾 = 𝜎𝑎𝑣

𝜌 𝜌
DEFORMATIONS IN A CIRCULAR SHAFT: 𝛾 = 𝑐 𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝜏 = 𝑐 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥

SHEARING STRESSES DISTRIBUTION IN A SOLID CIRCULAR SHAFT AND HOLLOW CIRCULAR

SHAFT
𝜌
For a solid circular shaft:𝜏 = 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑐

For a hollow circular shaft with inner radius c₁ and outer radius c₂, the minimum  is
𝑐1
𝜏𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝜏
𝑐2 𝑚𝑎𝑥
 𝑇𝑐
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝐽
1 1
Solid circular shaft: 𝐽 = 2 𝜋𝑐 4 Hollow circular shaft:𝐽 = 2 𝜋(𝑐24 − 𝑐14 )
𝑇𝐿
ANGLE OF TWIST IN THE ELASTIC RANGE: ∅ = 𝐽𝐺

DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION SHAFTS: 𝑃 = 𝑇𝜔

𝑙𝑏. 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏. 𝑖𝑛
1𝐻𝑃 = 550 = 6600
𝑠 𝑠
𝐽 1 𝐽 𝜋
DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION SHAFTS: = 𝜋𝑐 3 = (𝑐 4 − 𝑐14 )
𝑐 2 𝑐2 2𝑐2 2

𝑇𝑐
STRESS CONCENTRATIONS IN CIRCULAR SHAFTS: 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐾 𝐽

−𝑦 𝑀𝑐 𝑀𝑦
STRESSES AND STRAIN IN THE ELASTIC RANGE: 𝜎𝑥 = 𝜎 𝜎
𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑥
= 𝜎
𝐼 𝑥
=− 𝐼
𝐼 𝑀1 𝑀
“Elastic section modulus” 𝑆 = 𝑐 → 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑆 𝜌
= 𝐸𝐼

𝑀𝑐
STRESS CONCENTRATIONS(𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑘 )
𝐼
𝑃 𝑀𝑦
CARGA AXIAL EXCÉNTRICA EN UN PLANO DE SIMETRÍA: 𝜎𝑥 = 𝐴 − 𝐼

RELATIONS BETWEEN LOADS, SHEAR AND BENDING-MOMENT:

𝑉𝐷 − 𝑉𝐶 = −(á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑦 𝐷)

𝑀𝐷 − 𝑀𝐶 = (á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑦 𝐷)