Building Estimation

Submitted By i

Muhammad Usman i

Registration Number i

216D-316005

Supervised By i

Engineer Abdul Azizi i

AiProjectireportisubmittediinipartialifulfillmentiofitheirequirementsiforitheiawardiofiBachelori
ofiScienceiiniCiviliTechnology.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, TECHNOLOGY

i i i

PRESTON UNIVERSITY, KOHAT

i i

October, 2019 i
 DECLARATION
ii

I,iMuhammadiUsman,itheistudentsiofiBS-
Techi(CIVIL),iherebyideclareithatitheifinaliyeariprojectititledi“COSTiESTIMATIONiOFiAiG+2iR
ESIDENTIALiBUILDING”iwhichiisisubmittedibyiusitoitheiDEPARTMENTiOFiCIVILiENGIN
EERINGiANDiTECHNOLOGY,iPRESTONiUNIVERSITYiKOHATiinipartialifulfilmentiofireq
uirementiforitheiawardiofitheidegreeiofi(BS-
TechiCIVIL)iini2020,ihasinotibeenipreviouslyiformeditheibasisiforitheiawardiofianyidegree,idiplomaio
riotherisimilarititleiorirecognition.iiTheiAuthoriattestsithatipermissionihasibeeniobtainediforitheiuseiofia
nyicopyirightedimaterialiappearingiinitheiProjectiReportiotherithanibriefiexcerptsirequiringionlyiprop
eriacknowledgementiinischolarlyiwritingiandiallisuchiuseiisiacknowledged.ii
i

iiiii

MuhammadiUsmaniii
iiii

ii

iiii

ii

CERTIFICATE
Thisiisitoicertifyithatitheiprojectireportientitledi“COSTiESTIMATIONiOFiAiG+2iRESIDENTIAL
iBUILDING”iisiaibonafideiworkicarriedioutibyi “MuhammdiUsman”,iwhoicarriedioutitheiprojectiw

orkiunderimyisupervision.

ToitheibestiofimyiknowledgeithisiworkihasinotibeenisubmittediinipartiorifulliforianyiDegreeioriDiplom
aitoithisiUniversityiorielsewhere.

SIGNATURE

SiriMr.iAbduliAziz
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ii

WeiwouldilikeitoiexpressiourisincereigratitudeitoiSiriMr.AbduliAziziforiheriinvaluableiguidance.iHer
icontinuousiencouragementiandisupportihasialwaysibeenianiinspirationiandiaisourceiofienergyi forius.i

Weithankiheriforialliofiherivaluableitime,ieffortiandihelp.iii

WeiwouldialsoilikeithankiSiriMriEngriAsadiSamiiHODiforitheiriconstantiguidanceiandisupportitoihe
lpiusicompleteithisiproject.iii

Alsoiourisincereithanksitoiallitheipeopleiwhoiwereidirectlyioriindirectlyiassociatediwithitheiprojectiinia
nyiotheriway.ii
i

ii

MuhammadiUsmanii
ii

ii

ii

ii

ii

ii

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 ABSTARCT
i

AnyiconstructioniprojectitoibeginiwithistartsiwithitheiLayoutiofitheibuildingioristructureifollowedibyi
DesigniandiAnalysisiofitheistructureiwhichiisisucceededibyicostiestimationiandiplanningiforitheisaidip
roject.iThisiprojectiinvolvesitheilayout,idesign,ianalysis,iplanningiandicostiestimationiofiaiG+2ireside
ntialibuildingilocatediiniPindiiRoadiKohatii

TheilayoutiofitheiproposediG+2iresidentialibuildingiisibasedioniaiplotiofisizei35x65ifoot.iPreviouslyith
eiplotiwasibeingiusediasiaicommercialicomplex,ibutiaccordingitoitheinewiplaniitiwillibeiusediasiaimulti-
storeyediresidentialibuilding.iTheigroundiflooriofitheibuildingiwillibeiusediasiparkingiwhileitheiremai
ngi2ifloorsiieachihavingianiareaiofi2275sqifeet.iEachiflooriisiofi3BHKiconfiguration.iAllitheidraftingiw
asidoneiusingiAutoCAD.iAlsoitheseidrawingsimadeioniAutoCADialsoiservediasiaibaseiforitransferiofit
heistructureiforianalysisiandidesigniintoiSTAADiPro.ii

TheianalysisiandidesigniofitheientireistructureihasibeenicompletediusingiSTAADipro.iTheiresultsiincl
udeitheivariousiforcesiactingionivariousimembersiasiwellivariousischedulesiforivariousimembers.iAls
oiusingitheisoftwareiweigotitheiconcreteitake-
offiasiwelliasitheiweightiofitheivariousireinforcementibarsithusieasingitheiloadioficostiestimation.iTheif
oundationihasibeenidesignediasianiisolatedifootingiusingisoiliconditioniasimedium.iTheifoundationide
signivaluesiwereicalculatediusingiSTAADiFoundation.ii

PrimaveraiP6ihasibeeniusediforiplanningitheivariousiactivitiesithatisurrounditheiconstructioniofiaibuil
ding.iUsingiprimaveraiweiwereiableitoiformulateiaiworkingischeduleiandialsoiaiprogressibariforiconst
antimonitoringiofitheiproject.iUsingiprimaveraiweiwereiableitoiassignivariousiresourcesiasiwelliasiresp
onsibilitiesionivariousipeopleirelateditoitheivariousistagesiofitheiprojectithereibyiincreasingiaccountab
ility.iTheidurationiofitheiprojectiusingiprimaveraihasibeenicalculateditoibeiaroundi374idaysiwhichialso
iincludesiholidays.iTheiprogressianditheirelationshipibetweenivariousiactivitiesihasialsoibeenishownii

nitheiformiofianianimatediGanttiChart.iThisichartialsoihelpsitheiProjectimanageritoiexplainitoihisiclient
sitheivariousiaspectsiasiwelliasiprogressiofitheiproject.ii

TheicostiestimateiforitheiprojectihasibeenicalculatediusingiCentreiLineiMethodiiniMicrosoftiExcel.iFo
ritheiAbstracticostiCPWDiScheduleiofiratesihasibeenifollowediandiaitotalicostiofiiRsi9517974ihasibeeni
calculated
 Table of Contents
i i

Introduction 7
Types of Estimation
i i i 8
Literature Review i 11
Methodology 14
Layout Of G+2 Building Using Autocad
i ii i i i i 16
Conclusion i 22
References 23
 Chapter No 1 i i

INTRODUCTION TO ESTIMATION
i i

Introduction:
Aibuildingiestimatorioricostiestimatoriisiaipersoniwhoideterminesitheiamountiofimaterial,ilabor,ian
diequipmentineededitoicompleteiaiconstructioniproject.iEstimatingibuildingicostsicaniconcernivari
ousiformsioficonstructionirangingifromiresidentialipropertiesitoihigh-
riseiandiciviliworks.iBothiassessorsiandiquantityisurveyorsishouldihaveiaibackgroundieducationiinith
eiconstructioniindustry.iRepresentativeiprofessionalibodiesithatiregulateipropertyiprofessionals

Buildingiconstructioniisitheiassessmentiofitheipotentialiconstructionicostsiofianyiproject.iManyiite
msiaffectiandicontributeitoitheicostiofiaiproject;iEachiitemishouldibeianalyzed,imagnitudeiandiprice.i
Becauseitheiestimateiisipreparedibeforeitheiactualiconstruction,imuchistudyiandiconsiderationimu
stibeiputiintoitheiconstructionidocuments.iTheiestimatoriwhoicanivisualizeitheiprojectiandiaccurate
lyidetermineiitsicostiwillibecomeioneiofitheimostiimportantiindividualsiinianyiconstructionicompany
.

Foriprojectsiconstructediwithiaidesign-bid-
buildideliveryisystem,iitiisinecessaryiforicontractorsitoisubmiticompetitiveicostiestimatesiforitheipro
ject.iCompetitioniinitheiconstructionibidiisiintense,iwithimanyifirmsibuildingiforiaisingleiproject.iToir
emainiinibusiness,iaicontractorimustihaveiaicertaininumberiofilowest-
qualifiedibiddersiwhileimaintainingianiacceptableiprofitimargin.iThisiprofitimarginishouldiprovideit
heigeneralicontractoriwithianiacceptableirateiofireturniandicompensationiforitheiriskiassociatediwit
hitheiproject.

Theiworkingidrawingiusuallyicontainsiinformationiregardingitheidesign,ilocation,idimensionsiandic
onstructioniofitheiproject,iwhileitheiprojectimanualiisiaiwrittenisupplementitoitheipictureiandiinclu
desiinformationirelateditoimaterialsiandiworkmanshipiandiinformationiaboutitheibiddingiprocessiis
.iTheiworkidrawingsiandiprojectimanualsiconstituteitheimajorityioficontractidocuments,idefineithei
scopeiofiwork,iandimustibeiconsidereditogetheriwhenimakingiestimates.iTheitwoicomplementieac
hiother,ianditheyioftenioverlapiinitheiinformationitheyiconvey.iTheibidisubmittedishouldibeibasedio
nitheiscopeiprovidedibyitheiownerioriarchitect.iTheiestimatoriisiresponsibleiforiincludingieverything
icontainediinitheidiagramianditheiprojectimanualiinitheisubmittedibid.iDueitoitheicomplexityiofidra

wingiandiprojectimanuals,icouplediwithitheipotentialicostiofianierror,itheiestimatorimustireadievery
thingithoroughlyiandirecheckialliitems.iTheoretically,iplansiandiprojectimanualsishouldibeicheckedit
oiensureithatitheyiareicomplete.iTheiestimatoricanithenibeginitheiprocessiofideterminingitheiquant
ityiofiallimaterialsipresented.iEachiitemiincludediinitheiestimateishouldicontainiasimuchiinformatio
niasipossible.iTheiquantityisetiforitheiestimateiwillieventuallyibeiuseditoiorderiandipurchaseitheireq
uiredimaterials.iTheiestimatedivolumeianditheiriassociatediestimatedicostiwilliformitheibasisiofiproj
ecticontroliinitheiregion.
Theirequiredileveliofiaccuracyicouplediwithitheiamountiofiinformationiaboutitheiprojectiwillideter
mineitheitypeiofiestimateithaticanibeiprepared.iVariousiestimationimethodsiareidiscussedibelow.

Types of Estimation:
i i

DetailediEstimatei

Theidetailediestimateiincludesideterminationiofitheiquantitiesiandicostsiofieverythingithatiisirequiredit
oicompleteitheiproject.iThisiincludesimaterials,ilabor,iequipment,iinsurance,ibonds,iandioverhead,iasi
welliasianiestimateiofitheiprofit.Toiperformithisitypeiofiestimate,theicontractorimustihaveiaicompleteis
etioficontractidocuments.Eachiitemiofitheiprojectishouldibeibrokenidowniintoiitsipartsiandiestimated.i
Eachipieceiofiworkithatiisitoibeiperformedibyitheicontractorihasiaidistinctilaborirequirementithatimusti
beiestimated.Theiitemsithatiareitoibeiinstalledibyiothersineeditoibeidefinediandipriced.iCautionineedsit
oibeiexerciseditoiensureithatithereiisiagreementibetweenitheicontractorianditheispecialtyicontractoriasit
oiwhatitheyiareitoidoiandiwhetheritheyiareitoiinstalliorisupplyiandiinstallitheiitems.iIniaddition,ithereine
edsitoibeianiagreementiaboutiwhoiisiprovidingisupportiitemsisuchiasicranesiandiscaffolding.iTheicontr
actoriisiresponsibleiforimakingisureithatitheiscopeiofiworkiisidividediamongitheicontractoriandisubcon
tractorsisoithatithereiareinoioverlapsiinitheiindividualiscopeiofiworksiandithatieverythingihasibeeniincl
udediinisomeone’siscopeiofiwork.iTheidetailediestimateimustiestablishitheiestimatediquantitiesiandico
stsiofitheimaterials,itheitimeirequirediforiandicostsiofilabor,itheiequipmentirequirediandiitsicost,itheiite
msirequirediforioverheadianditheicostiofieachiitem,ianditheipercentageiofiprofitidesired,consideringith
eiinvestment,itheitimeitoicomplete,anditheicomplexityiofitheiproject.Theiprinciplesiuseditoiprepareith
eidetailediestimatesiareicoverediiniChaptersi4iandi6ithroughi20.

AssemblyiEstimating

Iniassemblyiestimating,ratherithanibiddingieachiofitheiindividualicomponentsiofitheiproject,itheiestim
atoribidsitheicomponentsiinigroupsiknowniasiassemblies.Theiinstallationiofitheicomponentsiofianiasse
mblyimayibeilimiteditoiaisingleitradeiorimayibeiinstalledibyimanyidifferentitrades.Aniexampleiofiaisim
pleiassemblyiwouldibeiairesidentialilightiswitch,iwhichiincludesiaisingle-gangibox,aisingle-
poleiswitch,coveriplate,twoiwireinuts,andianiallowanceiofi20ifeetiofiNM-
Bi12igageiwire.Theientireiassemblyiwouldibeiinstalledibyianielectrician.iAiresidentialielectricaliestim
ateicouldibeipreparediusingiassembliesiforitheiswitches,ioutlets,ilights,ipoweripanels,iandisoiforthirath
erithanideterminingitheiindividualicomponents.Aniexampleiofiaicomplexiassemblyiwouldibeiaimetal-
stud,igypsum-
boardipartitioniwall,iwhichiwouldiincludeibottomitrack,metalistuds,topitrack,drywall,screws,itape,ijo
inticompound,iinsulation,iprimer,ipaint,iandiotherimiscellaneousiitemsineededitoiconstructitheiwall.iT
hisiassemblyiwouldibeiinstalledibyimultipleitrades.iManyihigh-
endiestimatingicomputeriprograms,isuchiasiWinEstiandiTimberline,iallowitheiuseritoiprepareidetailed
iestimatesibyitakingioffiassemblies.iForitheiswitchiassembly,itheiestimatoriwoulditakeioffitheinumberi

ofiswitchiassembliesineedediforitheiproject,anditheisoftwareiwouldiaddioneisingle-
gangibox,ioneisingle-pole,ioneicoveriplate,itwoiwireinuts,iandi20ifeetiofiNM-Bi12-
gageiwireitoitheidetailediestimateiforieachiswitchiassembly.Thisisimplifiesitheiestimatingiprocessiand
iincreasesitheiproductivityiofitheiestimator.

Square-footiestimate

Theisquareifootiestimateiisimadeibyimultiplyingitheisquareifootageiofiaibuildingibyitheicostiperisqua
reifootiandithenicompensatingiforidifferencesiinibuildingiheight,ilengthiofibuildingiperimeteriandiot
heribuildingicomponents.iInisomeicases,iaiunitiotherithanisquareifootageiisiuseditoimeasureitheisize
iofitheibuilding.iForiexample,itheisizeiofiaiparkingigarageicanibeimeasuredibyitheinumberiofiparkingis

tallsiinitheigarage.iMuchilessiisirequireditoiprepareiaidetailediestimateithanitheiinformationirequire
ditoiestimateiaisquare-
foot.iForiexample,itheidimensionsirequirediforianiinitialisetiofidesignidrawingsi(single-
rowiflooriplaniandikeyiheight)iareitoiprepareianiestimateiofioneisquareifoot.iTheisquare-
footiestimateiisihelpfuliinicheckingiwhetheritheiproject,iasidesigned,iisiwithinitheiowner'sibudget.iLi
keianiassemblyiestimate,iwhichiusesicomprehensiveiassemblies,icareimustibeiexercisediwheniprep
aringiaisquare-
footiestimateitoiensureithatitheiprojectsiuseditoidetermineitheicostiperisquareifootiofitheiproposedi
project.iAreisimilarito.iAsitheicostiofitheisquareifoot)iwhichiincludesitheiuniticostiforimanyitypesiofib
uildingitypes.

Parametriciestimation

Parametriciestimatesiuseiequationsithatiexpressitheistatisticalirelationshipibetweenibuildingipara
metersiandibuildingicosts.iTheibuildingiparametersiusediinitheiequationicaniincludeigrossisquareifo
otage,inumberiofifloors,iperimeterilength,ipercentageiofitheibuildingithatiisicommonispace,iandisoif
orth.iForianiequationitoibeiusable,itheiparametersiusediinitheiequationimustibeiparametersithatica
nibeideterminediearlyiinitheidesigniprocess;iOtherwiseitheiequationiisiworthless.iParametriciestim
atesiareisimilaritoisquare-
footiestimation,ihowever,itheiequationsiusediiniparametriciestimatesiareimoreicomplexiandimayiu
seilogifunctions,iratioiofiparameters,iandimultiplicationiofiparameters.iParametriciestimationiisiuse
fuliforiformulatingiconceptualiestimatesibasedioniassumptionsiofiimportantibuildingiparametersior
ibasedionipreliminaryidesigns.iWithisquare-

footiprojectionsiandiassemblyiprojections,iwhichiuseiextensiveiassemblies,icareimustibeitakenitoie
nsureithatitheiproposediprojectiisisimilaritoitheiprojectsifromiwhichitheiequationsiareiderived.

Modeliestimationimodel

Theiestimatoriusesicomputerimodelsitoimakeiinferencesitoiformulateihypothesesibasedioniseverali
questions.iTheiestimationiofitheimodeliisisimilaritoiassemblyiestimation,ibutirequiresilessiinputifro
mitheiestimator.iForiexample,ianiestimateiforiaiwarehouseicanibeipreparedibyiansweringitheifollow
ingiquestions.
•iWhatiisitheilengthiofitheibuilding?

•iHowimanyiblocksialongitheilengthiofitheibuilding?

•iWhatiisitheiwidthiofitheibuilding?

•iHowimanyiblocksiareithereialongitheiwidthiofitheibuilding?

•iWhatiisitheiheightiofitheiwalliaboveitheigrade?

•iWhatiisitheidepthi(byigrade)iatitheitopiofitheinotch?

•iWhatiisitheithicknessiofitheifloor?

•iDoiyouiwantiaiwireimeshiinitheislab?

•iHowimanyiroofingihatsidoiyouiwant?

•iHowimanyipersonnelidoorsidoiyouiwant?

•iHowimanyiandiwhatisizeioverheadidoorsidoiyouiwant?

•iHowimanyiandiwhatisizeiskylightidoiyouineed?

•iDoiyouiwantiaifireisprinkler?

•iWhatibathroomifacilitiesidoiyouiwanti(separateimeniandiwomen,iunisex,iorinone)?

Projecticomparison

EstimatesiforiComparisoniofiEstimatediProjectsiEstimatesiareimadeibyicomparingitheicostiofiaiprop
osediprojectitoiaicompletediproject.iWhenipreparingianiestimateiusingithisimethod,itheiestimatoris
tartsiwithitheicostiofiaicomparableiprojectianditheniadjustsiforidifferencesiinitheiproject.iForiexampl
e,ianiestimateiforibuildingsiinianiapartmentiprojecticanibeidrawnifromiaiprojectithatiwasibuiltiduring
itheipreviousiyeariinitheinearbyicityiusingitheisameiplan.iInithisiinstance,itheipricesiofitheicompletedi

projectineeditoibeiadjustediforiinflation,ichangesiiniavailabilityiandicostiofilabor,ichangesiiniplansim
adeitoimeetitheicityicode,iandibeyond.iInimosticases,itheisiteimustibeiestimatediusingianotherimeth
odidueitoiseveralidifferencesiinisiteiconditions.iAlongiwithiotheriestimationimethodsithatidoinotipro
duceiaidetailedilistiofimaterials,icareimustibeitakenitoiensureithatitheiproposediprojectiisiidenticalit
oitheicompletediproject
 ChapteriNoi2

LITERATUREiREVIEW

AutoCADi

AutoCADiisiaicommercialisoftwareiapplicationifori2Diandi3Dicomputeriaidedidesign,iwhichidesignsi
andidraftsiforivariousifieldsiiniengineeringisuchiasicivil,imechanical,ielectrical,iautomation,iarchitect
ureiandimore.iItiwasifirstilaunchediini1982ibyiAutodesk,iInc.

AutoCADiarchitectureiallowsidesignersitoidrawi3Diobjectsisuchiasiwalls,idoors,iandiwindows,iwithi
moreiintelligentidataiattacheditoithemiratherithanisimpleiobjects.iTheidataicanibeiuseditoirepresen
tiproductsisoldiinitheibuildingiindustry,ioriiticanibeiextractediintoiaifileiforipricingimaterialiassessme
nts,ietc.

AutoCADioricomputeriaidedidesigniisiaiveryiusefulitooliinicreatingiandidesigningianyistructure.iAuto
CADiusesiaigraphicaliuseriinterfaceiforitheipurposeiofidraftingiandidesigningianyistructure.iTheisoft
wareihasivariousiinbuiltitoolsiforicomplexiformatting.iAlsoiAutoCADicanibeiusedifori2Diandi3Didesig
niandiforiperspectiveidesign.iBelowiisiaiscreenshotiofiAutoCAD'siGUI.

AllihaveibeenidraftediforitheiprojectiwithitheihelpiofiAutoCAD.iThisihasimadeilifeimuchieasierithanit
heitraditionalieraiafteritheiuseiofipaperiandipencil.iItiisipossibleitoimakeieasyichangesitoitheidrawingi
whenineeded.iAlsoivariousicommandsilikeiCOPY,iOFFSET,iROTATE,iMOVEihaveimadeitheitediousipr
ocessiofiredundantitasksiquiteieasyiandifast.

AlsoianiimportantifeatureiofiAutoCADiisitheiimportiandiexportifeatureithatiallowsiusersitoimoveithe
iriplansiusingiotheridesignisoftwaresisuchiasiAutoCADiwithitheihelpiofiDXFifileiformat,ionitheidesign
eriwithitheihelpiofiDXFifileiformatiIsiloaded.i.iIniadditionistructuralidesignsibuiltioniSTDAiandiETABSia
reialsoiexportableitoiAutoCADiforitheirequiredidetails.

STAAD'siPro

STAADiProiV8iihasiaiveryiuserifriendlyiinterfaceiandiisiveryiusefuliforidesigningiandianalyzingicomple
xistructures.iSTAADiProiV8iiisiaidesigniandistructuralianalysisiprogramidevelopedibyiResearchiEngin
eersiInternational,iCA.iItiwasiacquirediini2005ibyiBentleyiSystems.iItiisioneiofitheimostiwidelyiusedid
esigniandistructuralianalysisisoftwareiforiconcrete,isteeliandiwoodidesignicodes.

STAADiproiallowsidesignersiandistructuraliengineersitoidesigniandianalyzeialmostianyitypeiofistruct
ureithroughiitsiveryiflexibleimodelingienvironment,ifluentidataicollectioniandiadvancedifeatures.

STAADiproisupportsimoreithani70iinternationalicodesiincludingiIS456:i2000iIS800:i2007iandimoreit
hani20iU.S.ilanguagesiinimoreithani7ilanguages.iAreicodes.

CommunicatesiwithitheiSTAADiProiAnalysisiEngineiviaiaiGUIiorigraphicaliuseriinterfaceioriuseristand
ardiinputifile.iThatiinputifile,iaitextifile,iconsistsiofiaiseriesioficommands,iwhichiareiexecutedisequen
tially.iTheseicommandsiincludeiinstructionsioridatairelateditoianalysisiandi/ioridesign.iTheiSTAADiPr
oiinputifileicanibeicreatedithroughiaitextieditorioriGUIifeature.iGenerally,ianyitextieditoricanibeiusedi
toiediti/icreateianiSTDiinputifile.iTheiGUIimodelingifeatureicreatesianiinputifileithroughianiinteractiv
eigraphics-orientediprocess.

STAADiallowsiusersitoicreateidifferentitypesiofistructuresiandianalyzeitheseistructuresiwhichiareilist
edibelow

•iAispaceistructure,iai3D-
frameistructureiiniwhichiloadsicanibeiappliediinianyiplane,iisitheimosticommonitype.

•iAiplaneistructureiisitieditoiailoadicarriedionitheisameiplaneibyianyitwoiaxes.

•iAiTRUSSistructureiisiaistructureiconsistingiofivariousitrussimembersiwithiaxialiloadingibutinoibendi
ng.

•iAiflooristructureiisiai2Diori3Distructureiwithinoihorizontalimovementiofitheistructure.iTheicolumns
iareitoibeiframediwithitheiflooriiniaiFLOORistructureiuntilitheistructureihasihorizontaliloading.iIfither

eiisiaihorizontaliload,iitishouldibeianalyzediasiaiSPACEistructure.

PrimeraiP6

PrimaveraiP6iEditioniprovidesiusiwithiaisophisticatediintegratediprojectiportfolioimanagementi(PP
M)isolutionithaticonsistsiofirole-
specificitools,isatisfyingitheineeds,iresponsibilitiesiandiskillsiofieachiteamimember.iTheisolutioniuse
siaistandardiWindowsiinterface,iclienti/iserveriarchitecture,iweb-enableditechnology,iandistand-
alonei(SQLiServeriExpress)iorinetwork-basedi(OracleiandiMicrosoftiSQL-
Server)idatabases.iPrimaveraioffersiusitheifollowingisoftwareicomponentsiandivariousibetterioptio
nsiforiusitoichooseifrom:

PrimaveraiP6iProfessionaliwasibuiltitoigetiusirunning,iplanningiandischedulingiasiquicklyiasipossible
.iWithiaiveryieasyiandianiintuitiveinavigation,iweicanistartiplanning,ischedulingiandicontrollingiourip
rojectifaster,iwhichiisipossibleianytime.iRequiredibyimanyiownersiinitheiriprojectispecifications,ithei
productiisitheigoldistandardiwheniiticomesitoiitsiplanningiandimanagingiprojects.iWhetheritheiproj
ectiisiaisophisticatedicompleximulti-
billionidollariinfrastructureiprojectiorianieasyiandisimpleiresidentialioricommercialibuilding,iP6iProf
essionalirequiresius.

PrimaveraiP6iProfessionaliisiidealiforiorganizationsithatirequireitheimanagementiandiplanningiofiais
ingleiprojectiorimultipleiprojectsisimultaneously,isupportingiaimulti-
useriaccessitoiaidepartmentiorianientireiorganization.iOneicaniinstallithisisoftwareieitheriasiaistanda
loneiinstallationioriasiainetworkiinstallation.
Theisoftwareihasiaiveryiuser-
friendlyiinterfaceithatihelpsianyiprojectimanagerikeepianieyeionitheiworkithatiisigoingioniandiwhatit
oidoinext.iTheiprojectimanagericanishowihisiclientitheiprogressiofihisiworkiinirealitimeiwhichiisiquitei
necessaryitoimakeitheicustomerihappy.

VariousiactivitiesianditimeischedulesithereiareishowniusingianianimatediGanttichart.iTheichartialsoi
showsitheirelationshipsibetweenidifferentiactivitiesianditheseiactivitiesiareilinkeditoidifferentireso
urcesiforieasyimonitoring.

Alliprogressicanibeimonitorediinirealitimeiandiappropriateiactionicanibeitakeniifithereiisiaiproblemiin
ifollowingitheischedule.iIniaddition,iPrimaveraiallowsitheiuseritoikeepiaitabionicost,ilaboriandiresour

cesiinirealitime.iThisihelpsitheiprojectimanageritoiplanibetteriandimaintainicosts.

Primaveraiisisuperioritoitraditionaliplanningiinisuchiaiwayithatitheiuseriknowsitheistatusiofitheitaskii
nirealitimeiwhichiprovidesitheiuseriwithiailotimoreiflexibilityitoikeepitheiprojectiundericontrol.

Alliprogressicanibeimonitorediinirealitimeiandiappropriateiactionicanibeitakeniifithereiisiaiproblemiin
ifollowingitheischedule.iIniaddition,iPrimaveraiallowsitheiuseritoikeepiaitabionicost,ilaboriandiresour

cesiinirealitime.iThisihelpsitheiprojectimanageritoiplanibetteriandimaintainicosts.

Primaveraiisisuperioritoitraditionaliplanningiinisuchiaiwayithatitheiuseriknowsitheistatusiofitheitaskii
nirealitimeiwhichiprovidesitheiuseriwithiailotimoreiflexibilityitoikeepitheiprojectiundericontrol.

2.4iMicrosoftiExcel

Exceliisiaitypicalispreadsheetithatiisinowadaysiwidelyiusediinicostiestimationiandisometimesiforipla
nningipurposes.iExcelihasivariousiinbuilticalculationitoolsithaticanibeiusediforicomplexicalculations.i
Apartifromithis,iaipersonicanialsoiinputihisiowniformulaiforispecialicalculations.iTheiuseriinterfaceiisi
veryifriendlyiandieasyitoiuse.iApproximateirowsiare:i1,048,576icolumns:i16,384,imakingiitieasyiforit
heiuseritoienterilargeiamountsiofidataiintoiaisingleispreadsheet.iAlsoithereiareifeaturesilikeiautoicor
rectiwhichichangesitheientireidocumentiifithereiisianierroriinienteringitheientry.iThisimakesitheitaskil
essiredundantiandieasieriforitheiestimator.

ChapteriNoi3

METHODOLOGY

StudyiofiISi875i1987i
ISi875idealsiwithivariousiloadicasesithatiworkioniaistructureiandimethodsioficalculatingithem.iTherei
areidifferentipartsiofitheicodeithatidealiwithidifferentiloaditypesisuchiasideadiload,iliveiload,iwindilo
ad,isnowiloadiandivariousispecialiloadsiandiloadicombinations.iSinceitheibuildingiisilocatediiniDelhiia
ndiisinotiaitallibuilding,iweightsisuchiasiwindiandisnowiwereinoticonsiderediinitheidesigniprocess.

TheiCodeiprovidesiforiunitiloadsiofivariousimaterialsiasiwelliasitheivaluesi
ofiloadsiapplieditoivariousitypesiofistructuresiandipartsiofitheseistructures.

BuildingilayoutipreparationiusingiAutoCAD

Theilayoutiforitheiproposedibuildingiwasiprepared,idiscussediandiapprovedibyianiarchitect.iTheilay
outiwasithenidesignediusingiAutoCAD.iVariousilayoutsiwereipreparediandithenilateridiscussediwithi
theiarchitectiforierroricorrection.

AnalysisiandiDesigniusingiSTAADiPro

Theilayoutiofitheibuildingiwasionceiapprovedibyitheiarchitectiwhenitheilayoutiwasitransferredifromi
AutoCADitoiSTAADiProiusingitheiDXFifileiformat.iOnceitheilayoutiwasimoved,imanyistoriesiwereicre
atediusingitheitranslationalirepeatitooliiniStaadiPro.iSubsequently,itheiattributesiofitheimemberiwe
reiassigned.iTheinextiloadicasesiwereigeneratediandiapplieditoitheistructure.iOnceitheiloadiwasiapp
lieditheistructureiwasianalyzediandistructureiimprovementsiwereimadeitoiaccountiforivariousierror
sithatimayiariseiwhenianalyzingitheistructure.

Afteritheianalysis,iweistartedidesigningitheistructureibyienteringitheiDesignitabiiniSTAADiPro.iAllides
igniparametersiwereienterediandiselectedicasesiwereiloaded.iIticompletesitheidesigniofibeams,icol
umnsiandislabs.

TheiSTAADifoundationiprogramiforifoundationidesigniisiopenedianditheistructureiisimovedialongiwi
thiloadicases.iOnceithisiisidoneienteritheisoiliconditioniandifoundationitype.iTheiprogramithenianaly
zesiandidesignsitheifoundation.

ProjectiplaniusingiPrimavera

TheiPrimaveraiP6ihasibeeniusediforitheipurposeiofiprojectiplanning.iFirstitheidetailsiofiprojectistarti
andifinishidate,isuchiasiprojectirelatedifieldsiareirecorded.iWBSiisicreatediafteritheiprojectiisicreate
dianditheirirelatediactivity.iOnceithisiisidoneitheitimeiforieachiactivityiisideterminedianditheirirespec
tiveiresourcesiareiassigned.iAfterithis

Variousiactivitiesiareiconnected.iAsitheseithingsiareicarriediout,iaiGanttichartiisicreateditogetheriwh
ichiisitheiultimateigoaliforiusingitheiPrimera.

Costiestimationiusingimicrosoftiexcel
TheitotalisteeliandiconcreteirequirementiisicalculatedibyiSTAADiPro,ireducingimanyicalculations.iW
alls,icementiplaster,idoorsiandiwindows,iartworkiandifoundationsiareicounteditoicompleteitheirem
ainingicalculations.iTheicalculationiisibasedionitheicentrelineimethodiwhichiisiquiteieasyitoido.

ChapteriNoi4

LAYOUTiOFiG+2iBUILDINGiUSINGiAUTOCAD
Generali

AutoCADioriComputeriAidediDesigniisiaiveryihelpfulitooliinidraftingiandidesigningianyistructure.iA
utoCADiusesiaiGraphicaliUseriInterfaceiforitheipurposeiofidraftingiandidesigningianyistructure.iTheis
oftwareihasivariousiinbuiltitoolsiforicomplexidrafting.iAlsoiAutoCADicanibeiusedifori2D,i3Diandifori
perspectiveidesign.ii

WithitheihelpiofiAutoCADiallitheidraftingiforitheiprojectihasibeenidone.ii

DetailsiofitheiProject:i

Theiplotisizeiforitheiprojectiwasi35’x66’.iAccordinglyitheibuildingihasibeenilaidiinitheicentreiofitheipl
otileavingiampleispaceioniallitheisidesiforilandscapingiandipathwaysiforicarsiandiforivisitorsiparking.i

Tablei1iGeneraliLayoutiDetails

AreaiofiPlot 35’x66’
FAR 2.25(allowed)
Plotidetails Fronti–
iserviceiroadifollowediai greenibeltifromitheimainiPindiiroadi Lefti &irightisidei–

iprivateiresidentialibuildingsiiReari–iGraveyard

NumberiofiFloors G+2
NumberiofiUnits 8iiGroundiFlooritoibeiusediasiCariParking
TypeiHouse 3BHK
AreaiofiEachiFloor 2310isqifoot

SalientiFeaturesiOfiTheiProject:-i

 Compliantidesign.i
 Effectiveisteppediplanningiforiuseiofiterracesiatidifferentilevels.i
 Separateientrancesiforialliunits.i
 Combinedilobbyiforiallifloors.ii
i

LayoutiUsingiAutoCADi

TheilayoutihasibeenimostlyicompletediusingitheiLineicommand.iTheiunitiforitheilayoutiisimetresiwithi
accuracyiofi“0.000”.iiBelowiisiaiscreenishotiofitheilineidiagramishowingitheicentreilineiforibeamiandic
olumnilayout.ii
Initheiaboveipictureitheiredisquaresiboxesisignifyitheicolumnsicentreilineiwhileitheigreenilinesisignifyi

theibeams.Theibeamsihaveiaicrossisectioniofi.9”x9”iinches.iTheicolumnsihaveiaicrossisectioniofi.9”x9

”.iiSlabsihaveiaiuniformithicknessiofi6”iinchesiwhileitheistaircaseislabihasiaithicknessiofi6”iinches.iThe

i flooritoiflooritoiheightiisikeptiati11ifeets.ii

AllitheiworkihasibeenidoneiinilayersiiniAutoCAD,iforieasyieditingiandiviewing.iLayersimakeiitieasyitoi

manipulateieachiindividualilayerimakingiitivisibleiandiinvisibleiforiclarityiasiwelliasilockingitheilayeri

toipreventieditingiinithem.iTheivariousilayersithatihaveibeeniusediarei

1.iWallsi

2.iBeamsii

3.iColumnsi

4.iSlabsi

5.iWindowi

6.iDoori

7.itexti

Theiplaniforitheiproposediprojectihasi2iapartmentsiinieachifloorihavingiai3BHKilayoutialongiwithiaistu

dyiandiaifamilyilounge.iEachiapartmentihasifoursimasteribedroomsiwithiattachedibathitoilet.iTheithird

i bedroomisharesiaicommonibathianditoiletiwithitheirestiofitheiapartment.iThereiareiaitotaliofi7iapartme

ntsidividediini2ifloors.iTheigroundiflooriofitheibuildingiwillibeiusediasiparking.
Project : two storey residencial building plan and design
i i i i i i i i
Theistaircaseihasiwidthiofi4ifeetsiwithiriseriofi11ifeets.iTheilandingiisiofisizei4x4ifeets.iAllitheiwallsiha
veiaithicknessiofi9”ileavingiairoomiofi1”iforiplasteriandipaint.iThereiareitwoisizesiofidoorsia)i7x3.5ifeet
si&ib)i0.75ifeets.iTheismallerisizeidoorihaveibeeniusediinibathroomsiandiclosets.iThereiisialsoiaiprovisi
oniforibalconyiwithiaiwidthiofi2ifeetsialongitheifamilyicumidiningilongue.i
 PROJECT : TWO STOREY RESIDENCE i i i i

SUBJECT : BILLS OF MATERIALS & COST ESTIMATE

i i i i i i i

ITEMiDESCRIPTION QTY. UNIT UNITiCOST MATERIALiCOST TOTALiCO

Earth works i

Excavation 1726 Cu.ft 18.00 31068.00

Backfill 2100 Cu.ft 25.00 52500.00
Wall works i

No.iofiBricks 56914 Bricks 10 569140.00

Cements 219 Bags 550.00 120450.00
Sand 1090 Cu.ft 115.00 125350.00
Concrete Works for columns & beams
i i i i i

Cement 36 Bags 550.00 19800.00

Sand 90.71 Cu.ft 115.00 10432.00
Coarseiaggregate 185 Cu.ft 125.00 23125.00
Steel 797 Kg 120.00 95640.00
Slab fill i

Steel 3776 Kg 120.00 453120.00

Cement 756 Bags 550.00 415800.00
Sand 1888 Cu.ft 115.00 217120.00
Coarseiaggregate 3776 Cu.ft 125.00 472000.00
Plaster works i

Cement 89 Bags 550.00 48950.00

Sand 561 Cu.ft 115.00 64515.00
Labours 6 Days
Sub-Total 2719010.00
 ChapteriNoi5

CONCLUSION

Conclusioni

TheiprojectiincludesitheilayoutiofiaiGi+i2iresidentialibuildingiusingiAutoCAD,iSTAADiPro,iplanningitoiuseiPrim
eraiP6,iandifindingsiwithicostiestimatesiforitheientireiproject.

TheilayoutiofitheiproposediGi+i2iresidentialibuildingiisibasedioniaiplotiofisizei35i'xi65iGilocatediatiPindiiRoadiK
ohat.iEarlieritheiplotiwasibeingiusediasiaicommercialicomplex,ibutiaccordingitoitheinewiplaniitiwouldibeiused
iasiaimulti-

storeyiresidentialibuilding.iTheigroundiflooriofitheibuildingiwillibeiusediasiparking,iwhileitheiremainingi2ifloo
rsiwillibeidividediintoi2ifloors,ieachiwithianiareaiofi
2275isqift.iEachiflooriisiofi3BHKiconfiguration.iAlliformattingiwasidoneiusingiAutoCAD.iIniaddition,itheseiima
gesicreatedioniAutoCADialsoiserveiasiaibasisiforitransferiofistructureiforianalysisiandidesigniiniSTAADiPro.

TheianalysisiandidesigniofitheientireistructureihasibeenicompletediusingiSTAADipro.iTheiresultsiincludeidiffe
rentiarmiesiactingionidifferentimembersiasiwelliasidifferentiprogramsiforidifferentimembers.iAlsoiusingitheis
oftwareiweigotitheiweightioficoncreteiasiwelliasivariousireinforcementistrips,ireducingitheiweightiofitheicosti
estimate.iTheifoundationiisidesignediasianiisolatedifootholdiusingitheisoilipositioniasitheimedium.iTheifound
ationidesignivaluesiwereicalculatediusingitheiSTAADiFoundation.

PrimaveraiP6ihasibeeniuseditoiplanivariousiactivitiesithatisurrounditheiconstructioniofiaibuilding.iUsingiPrim
averaiweiwereiableitoicreateiaiworkischeduleiandiaiprogressibariforicontinuousimonitoringiofitheiproject.iByi
usingiPrimaveraiweiwereiableitoidelegateiresponsibilitiesiwithidifferentiresourcesiasiwelliasiresponsibilitiesi
onivariousipeopleirelateditoidifferentiphasesiofitheiproject.iTheidurationiofitheiprojectiusingiPrimeraihasibe
enicalculateditoibeiapproximatelyi221idaysiincludingiholidays.iProgressiandirelationshipibetweenivariousiac
tivitiesiareialsoishowniinitheiformiofianimatediGantticharts.iThisichartihelpsitheiprojectimanageritoiexplainiv
ariousiaspectsialongiwithitheiprogressiofitheiprojectitoihisiclients.

TheicostiestimateiforitheiprojectiisicalculatediusingitheicenterilineimethodiiniMicrosoftiExcel.iTheiCPWDirate
sischeduleiforiabstracticostihasibeenifollowediandiaitotalicostiofiRsi2719010ihasibeenicalculated.
 REFERENCES

1.iISi875i1987i(Parti1,i2i&i3)i

2.iSTAADiProiUseriManuali

3.iPrimaveraiUseriManuali

4.ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCADi

5.ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primavera_%28software%29i

6.ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAADii

7.ihttp://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v7i2.1906i“EffectivenessiofiAutoCADi3DiSoftwareiasiaiLearningiS
upportiTool”i

8.iEstimating,iCosting,iSpecificationsi&iValuationsiiniCiviliEngineeringiByiMonojitiChakrabortii(B
ook)