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,

, ibÜ al-'Abl,as al--Mursr, and his Myetioal Thought

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_._-~---------~- -, .. - ~ .. _-----

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,bii-.l·.'Abb_à al-Mur.II ,(
"
.l Study ot Some Aspeot'. o~ His M;ys't1oa1 'l'ho\lght

Sobh1 Mina BotroB

\ .
. ,
A Theai •. submitted'to
"
the Faou1ty ot Oraduate StudieB and Rea~arc~ ot MoOil1 Un1verait~

> in P~ial Fulftlment of 't~erae~~rement8 tor

the Degr!8. ot Kaster ot Arts "

in I~lamio Studiea 1 •

. ' <)

Montreal t Qu.ebeo
1976

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.... _ ... _
• Sobhi Mina' Botro,s'
..... _ _ ~~ r ~ __
____ 1977 ' \
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'~"~'.:...'~-~-----------""",! __"._I

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1 1

,,
,r

The writer or ~hÙl thesie wiahes t'~ ao~owledge his

in~ebtednes. to the- Institut6- of IalarAieil Studies and to
al~ the.e who he~ped make thi. work possible. Special aok-
nowledgem.n~, however, is due to Dr. Hermann Landolt, pre--
" 6 feasor ct Islamie Mystieism at the Institute, for his eon-
,J'
•
stant guidanqe, his construotive o~itie~sm, and'his aoade-
\, mio sup\8rvision, withoÙt whieh this thesia weuld' not have
seen the dawn of light. , :

S.M.BotroB

"

..
"

,, .1
,)
 v

Abltract

Name : Sobhi M'ina Botros

Title z AbÜ &1-' AbbA. al-Mur.t 1 A Stud;r o't ~Som~ Ali'p'eot a ot
hil M;ratical Th6ught.
Department: lilstitûte of l,slamic Studies
~

Degree ' 1 ~aater of Arta

~lthough AbU al-'Abbaa al-Mura~ 0fcupie~ a prominent poai'ion

in Egypt_as a great myatic/of the aeventh qentury A.H.·(13th cent.

A.D.), and ~l~housh he still livea on in the minds of people as a

'saint and a worker of mi,racles, no attempt has, up ti'll "now, beell'
made ta analyze-, his m;(atio~l thousht~ Henoe this stndy whioh attempts
[ '" 1

ta preàent
'-
8O~e aspeots of this la1nt 's" oonoept"',
;!-
oto analyze tWemt'
" l " ....
and eitner ta trace th.ID, "henwer possible, to 'the.1r' origins in
, '

~he writinga of preo.dins myatio., or to,point oût their originality.

\
A8 tar a8 'the place ot AbÜ al-' Abb&s al-Murs1 in the ~neral
.
, '-
...
,
division of mysticiBlll into ,schools Jar thought 1a oonoerned, thia .
atudy.ifeho"s that hs lIlay sat'ely be oonaldsred aa'-a 't'aithtul followe~
\ . "

" ot the "ola••~oal trend that ~ho.s \0 adhere to the Qor 'in and the
lelamie traclitional -1- and'" ruls., rath!,r. than r1.k oondemnation
, .
for AD1 ~d enrellia.

•
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(

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Abstract
• i
~
1
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1
j
( • 1

NOIi _. s Sobhi Mina Botros 'i.

Titre 1 AbÜ al-'Ab'bis al-Murarz Une 'tude de quel~e. , ,

a~ects de sa pen.'e myatique
\
, D6partement: L'Institut, des Etudèa Islamique.
.
: Maitri.e~a-Arta
ÎJ ,

i,

Bien qu' AbÜ -&~-' Abb&. al-Mur.r ai t cc~p, une poa'i tion 1

pr'dominante en Egypte ccmme grand mystique du VIla' .i~ole A.H.

(XIIIe .i~cie apr~a'J.C.), -et bien qu'il vive encore dana la
pena'. du peuple comm. un aaint et un taiseur de miracles. aucun
-
,.8eai n.!... 't' tait, juaqu '1 pr'.ent. dan. le but d'anal;yaer .e.
pens'e. M1atiques. Il -
D'oa cette 'tude qui easaie de pr'.enter quelques
!

. aspeota dea conoepts 4e ce la1nt, de les &aalyaer, de retraper,

autant que poasible, leur origine daD. les 'crita des mystiques 1

"pa••'s, et de mcntrer leur original1t'.

Quant a. lâ place;IqU' Abü al-'Abbas al-Mursr occupe dans la'
division g6D4rale de mystioisme des 'ooles de pena'., cette 'tude
montre qu'il' eât -raut de le consid'rer o,~mme un- di~oiple tid~le
du trait olas.ique qu~ & choisi d'adh'rer
1 - l' . BU' Qor'&n et aux voie.
et r~gles islamiques traditionnelles, plut8t que de risquer dt
Itre condamn' pour quelqu' eX'tr'mi8llle capricieux. ,

1
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1
 CONTENTS,

1. INTRODUCTION •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• l
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II. INTRODUCING ABU AL-'ABBAs ~Sr •••••••• ~ ••• 10

III. THE AO'l'KmTICITY OP ABÜ AL-' ABBI~ AL-MURSf.... 18

1 IV. THE SPIRlTUAL-utICATION OP ABfJ At-'ABBAs

AL-MURSr••••••••••••••••••••• ~ •••••••••••••••• 27
.
V. SONE ASPEcTS OP ABU AL-' ABBAS AL-MURSÏ' s
MYSTICAL THOUGHT ••••••••••••••••••~ ••••••••••• 36
1- Saints and Sainthood 1
- 1 (Awli,a'
" ~ 36
and )d1&yah) ••••••••••••••••••••••
. , ...
2~ The Pole 'and POleehip , ~
.
_ (Qutb and
'
3- The Seeker
.
Qntb&ftiyyah) ••••••••••••••••••••• 65

~ (Al-MurJd) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 78

BIBLIoaRAPHY •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 94
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1. INTROWC'1'10N

!he ohoioe ot ibÜ al-'Abbae .l-Mur.r ae the topio ot thie thesi'

/
was Ilot: a haphazard one on the part of the wri t.r ba.t wal rather the
1

outoo~e: ot pereonal oUrioltty. Being Egyptian by'birtb, md hanng spent ..

/
! '~

mOB~, of: my lite in Alexandria, where AbÜ al-'Abbas beoue a great myat1c
, J

; ~ v ~ ~
maater,i 1 could not help hearing the Bhaykh's Dame mentione~ and spoten
1 •

about r,verentlyby man~ people of different ,levela of education and /

1

backgro~d. Moreover, the annivar'a&ry (!'Jl&wiid) 'Of AbÜ al-'Abbas 'AB,

1 } . '
and ati~l 1e, oelebrat',d with such pomp and fanfare, ~d' with BO m~y

, , people attendiDg, that 1 felt iDtrigued by the power and influence'that

i \
, 1
the ahaykh Itill exerciled even a!ter the pasBage of some àeven centur;iea
1

lince he paBsed awa'l. AlthouSh ~I _ a tollower of the Christian latth,

, .
the ~ spi~i tual and my.tic&! halo aurrounding AbÜ a1-' Abbil, and the shaykh' a
f

lIiraouloua interventions. md ao!.s, aven aner his death, aroused rq curi~

ait y even mqre. Bence this attempt at .acquiring an underlltanding ot1 thia
1
'

great man, which is b,. 11.0 meana cOlllprehensive nor 90mplete, at le~ .as
,t9, 1
far aB his thougnta are co~cerned. Ho"ever, I1Dce aD anal1tical discussion
ot-the mystioal' ide as fnd ooncepta of AbÜ al-'Abhis ha. never been done
.
betora, and s1nge a tull inolusion of 'all this saint '1 th_ta mipt
require hundreds ot paps to aoo~oàa,,~,l' :tendld to 'make this thesis '
repre.lntative and coherent
.
rather than comprehensive
v
SAd inconaiatènt.
, 'r1l~ atudy of AbÜ al-tAbbis, and ot ev!~n sOlIIe of his myBtica1 thought t
,,' ~ 1

W&S not an e.al one, tor fhe 8h&7kh himse1t did not write aDy books, ,

tollowing in thia attitude the ateps ot 'hi.

,
_ecealor Abii a1-11aa&l1 &l-
•
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ShadhUr<l) who used- to .al, "11' book" are rAT COrApanions.,,(2) Moreover,

- -
aome ot the manuaoriptl that l kncw exiated in Egypt and contained re-
tereneea to A'œ al-'Abbas vere impos.ible to pt hold ot when, l tr1ed to'
eonsult the. tor the aiœple, but truatratinl, rea.en that they'wer~ a1l
,'
1
,put aRy in ... ..te place tor teU' ot having the. damaged in olte ny or
ADother as ~re8Ult ot the' .tate of' w8r between ~t and Israel.
1.
,) , 1
~
,However, l ~ound in the book La:ta'i't al~inan
~
tI M&Zl'&qib al-Shaykh 1

.
.' 1 . l '\

Abr al- 1 Abbas al-MuraI wa Shaykhihi al~h8d.hilr, bT Taj al-Mn ibn' Ata'
,

Auib al-5akandarr, (3) Î.mple material to torm a reasonably cleÎ.r idea

about Abü al-'Abbil, and to be able to present hill to the reader in an

academicallT org&n1zed tashion. '!'he importance ot th,1,a primarT source

. . , .. - - 1
ariaes trOll the tact that the author, l'br\ tAta' Allah, was cne ot the
,
, ~
1 - .• ...
two leading disciples ot Abu al-tAbbas al-Mursl, th' other being,_
y&qüt àl~b&8hr (known also &!. al-'Arabf aner Qod'a t~onel 'arsh)(4)
•
who vas a~ the aame tille AbÜ al-'AbbÜts 80n-in-law. It we add to this
,, _ '
_ . ... u_

'.
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the tact that t aner the death ot AlN. al-'Abbas, 1= 'Ata' Allah blcame

.
,
the disoiple ot yiqüt al~abaahr, we ma1 cOI1clude that the material
l
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.
.
included in the book Lata'it al-M1n&n may be conaidered a8 doubly authen-
tic, tor Ibn f.lta' Allah must have had a 100d oppcrtunity not on11 to
1 - -
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/

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/ listen ta AbÜ al·'Abb&a hillselt, but al80 to have the thoughts ot the
, -
sh~ probably repeated. revieved, and may -
bI discusaed md clarU'ied
\ - ' ,
br yiqit al-Habailhl. (S.. cl1ag1"U on pace 4)
•
JDother 1mport8Dt point that 8hould be mentioned about Ibn 'lta'
. , • \ .
'11&11 i~ tha't he R. not Just an ignorant disoiple who to1lowed and
believed in AbU al-tAbbA. blindl,-. On the contrar,-. he wa.a a man ot
~d. tame .d know1edge. a juriaprudent (r~lh) well-veraad in I8lamie,
, '
ex~erie~aciences ('ulÜm al~ihir), who ~ \been f\111 ot ~oubt. about
. ~

../
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 -3-

the sütr ways in general and about AbÜ al-'Aboas aa~urar in partioular •
•
Hovever, when he deoided to keep an open mind and go see the Bh-.ykh, he

wa. .0 intl:uenoed bi the .haykh 1. ward. that he turned int 0 one of hi a

olo.en 'disoiple~ •.( 5)
l' , _ \ _

In ~it. ot the olo.~ relai11D.hiP 'betveen Abu al-'Abbas- and Ibn

'Ata' AllAh, the latter ta Lata'if al-Min~, lDay 'be oODsidered an honeat .
• •
; -
and objeoti ve report ot the viewa t'of Abu 1.1-' Abbas for the reason
, '
that -
1

the author did not try in any vay:to overglority hia 8haykh nOr to ascribe

to him ènything that waa not witnessed to by himself or/and by other

eminent people. S01lletimea, however, Ibn 'Ata' All&h adopted aD apologetio

1 •
attitude vhen a view ot AbÜ al-'Abbas was in direot oontra.t to the

.
commQn Sütf beliet. A good example of'thia 1a what he ottered by way,ot
, '

justifioation for his .haykh's, and al-5h8dhilr l a, attitude t'toward8

waring rich olothe.. drinldng oold ~ater, and eating delicioua tood,

aayi~g that there was no harm in doing that 80 -long &8 it W&B coupled
wi th thanJd'u.lnea. to ~d. ( 6)
o On the whole, l telt that the book ot Ibn 'Ata' .ulAh could be taken
•
aa an acceptable and relira'ble aource for the th~ughta ot AlN al-'Abbas,

especially 1.8 it vas reoognized aa BUch by important people on the süti

•
path~. well aa by others academio811y interested in the Sh8dhilr sohool
ot thought.

!Rother important primary source that helped bring out and o1arity

the 1~e... &Ild attitudes ot Abii al-'tbb&a' ~"'ursr. i~ Durrat &l-:ABrir va

Tuhfat al-A'brar by KuhUllllad ibn Ab! al-QiailD ..l-B~r t DOwn ~B ibn

!. . . , •
al~abb&gh, Who l ived in the tiret Paf ot the eighth oentury A.B. (l4th
cent. '.D.)(7) aIld' about wholl no real information could be gleaned. ":1

. took thi. book ... a oOllPle~entar~

~ ..
one to Lata'if al-Minan Binee it deal~
~

. 1

wuly w1 th Abi al-BanDt-al-sbldhilt ud mentions Ab! 1.1-' Abbls, in a

,
 -4-

• separate ohapt.r, as the most 'important disoipie, and 1ater the suocessor

and heir, of al-5hÏdhilr. This book ditters trom ~ta'it al-Minan in one '

important point that iI f'ound valuable to my S'tudy: While the author of'
•
o '

Lata'it al-IUnan sot Ms material and information directly trOll AbÜ al-
• '1 •

'AbbAs &l-Mur.r, Ibn al-5abb&gh obtained his trOID AbÜ a1-'Aza'im M&dr
ae~t
1 • ' •

ibn Sultan,(S) the diaoipl. and of AbÜ al-Basan al-Shidh'uf,

• • •
and trom AbÜ •Abd-All8h Muhammad t known aa Sharaf al-nin, the son ot
•
Y~t ,a1-Habashr.(9) The ditterent sourcea ot theBe two books (aee
• c
diagram below) helped me compare the repor:t;s of the two authorB and

ascertain the genuineness ot ~he material included.

i
AbU a1-' Abb&s MBdi
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•

Ibn ' Ata' All&h Sharaf al-Din

• \
(Lata'if' al-ll1nan) \

•
Ibn al-5ao'biBh
•
(Du.rrat al-Asrar) ,.
",

The other books that l used as sources of intormation, about .l'oÙ &1-

'Abbas are a11 secondary ones which drew, tor their matarial, mainly
, 0

upon the two above-mentioned prillary sources. Theae secondary aources

are al1 lIentioned in the bibliography, but on1y sOllle of them are referred
.
to in the tooinotea, tor the aimple reaBon t~theY only contained
quotationa trom th. tvo prim&ry sources wit signiticant or oritioa1
l ,
 "

,,' -5-

additions. Those books referred to _ay be cl&ssit1ed into tour cat8go~ies:

1- The b~oks of 'Atrf'-al-Drn A~ al-'Sa'adat al-Yari ,r, and of"'Abd-al-

Wahhab al-Sha 'rani; 2- the book of Hasan al-5andübr, of Ahnaad Husayn al-
• • •
. ,.
Disy8:wi t and cf Dr. 'Abd.-al-Halrm 14ahmÜd; 3- the book ot Dr. zaJcI
Mubirak, ot , Dr.
4-
'.ur ..~yn,
Satr and of Dr.' t,A,bd....l~&dir JlahmÜd;

the'boo~s, ot'R.A.Nioholson, or I.Goldziher, and of J.S.T.rimingham.

-. '

The til-st category includes books that were wri tten by actual Sütrs

, . who•• praotical exp~rienc. on th~ path. and who •• p.r.~nt8l:lt:vith

practising adherents to the Sh8dhi11 school of thought, malte their

. writings, ~ellpite their being only a seoond hjd.. report ,a personal~y

( veritied ,support to the authentici ty of their material.

'!'he second "category includes books that deal me4,nly wi th, the lite

and thou:gb.t ot AbÜ al-'Abbis al-Mursr. The moat important of thes8 books

is undoubtedly \iasan al-Sandübr's A~. al-',A,bb8is al-Mursr wa Masjiduhu

al~8mi' bi-al-rskandari:yya.h, pUblished in 1944- Although the parts of

the book that contain material about AbÜ al-'Abbas are mere reproductions
1l _ ' Il

ot their counterpa.rts in Lata'if al-Minm without 'any, attempt at 8'tudying,

-
explain~ng, or analyzing'hem, yet this book haB aspects that the two
, '.
others in\ this category. do -not
.
share. Fir~ -- l'eterenoes titty
,it uses for

" books including Lata'if al-Minan ~t excluding Durrat al-Asrar wa Tuhfat

• • •
1
al-Abrar. Second, and .of' greater' i'mportance, it researches every s1nafle
\ 4

name of a11 the people and locations it i~oludes ln i1;, which_ .spect
\ \ ,
ot great value to the s'tudy lUldertaken in this
.. . .
thesi~.
(.
As for the two
,
liaS

~~ other books, i.e. ~m8m J.bÜ al-'Abb&~ 8J.-Mursr R~blished in 1965 A.D.) ,

. . -- -
by Ahmad lb.sayn al-Disyawi, 'and al-'Arit bi-Allah AbU al-'Abbas aJ,-Kurai
'
\ .. - - -
(published ~n 1972 .l.D:') by Dr: 'A~:al~alrm M~dt i~ i~ enougb. to ]
say that t 'aside .. tro", their attempts at giving 'a general ide a to the reader
.' I l l' " \, . \' , ,v

about' !Ütrsm, 'the material thei co~tain ia à. direct t though .selective

\

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-6-

oOPY o! the same oontained in Lata'it al-Minan. Theretore, the three

•
book. in 10hia category did not help in 8Zly vay towards the analy"tical
\

atudy of the myatioal thought ot AlN al-' Abbas that appears in thie
thea1a.
!
The th1rd catecory include.< three bookl that cont&1rl & comparative
lJtudy ot d1tt8rent .ohoole ot myatical thOUBbt.
,
One ot the.e books in
/

particular, nuely al-Adab al-8Üfr fI Miar 1'1 al-Qarn al-Sabi' al-Hijrr

• •
'b~~. 'Alr
. .
safi Husayn (published in 1964 A.n.) vaa ot vAlue to thia th••is
in that the author oompared. tKougb brietly, the attitude. of the Süfr
, \

•• • 1

mastera 1n Ic1Pt in the aeventh century A.H. (13th cent. A.n.) tovard.
\ 1

oertain myatical ooncepta, "oh al the dual ~istence of man verns God.
\

.
the unit Y or onenesa of existence (wahdat al-wujÜd). the ape~ial oloak ~
,
ot the lIhQkh (khirqah) •••• eto. The Dlost important of 10heae maneJ:$ who
vere contellP~rariea
of AbÜ &1-' Abb&a al-Murar t are 'Umar i bu al-'arid ( 10)
\ , ~ 11)
• 0

(d. 632 A.H. - 1234 A.n.). al-Sayyid al-Badarwi (d. 675 A.H. - 1276 A.D.),
-and Ibrëh1m al_Diaüq~12) (d. 676 A.H. - 1277 A.D.). However,
1
in spite ot
the fact that sOlle 6t the thoughts of lbÜ al-1Abb&a are 'included in th ••ell
books, ;rét again ~hey are n~t anallzed or even' traced back to previous
.,.
or contemporary masters.
, \

", The fourth. ~d

laét, of the categoriea ia ·t)1e one that inoludea
\ ,.
booka written by Weatern acholars. Theae booka deal with sütr concepts
. \
• .
and orders and hav, &iven me some inaight aa regarda oertain pointa in
, . .
my lItudy. eapeci,ally whu oompari80n of a1:t1 tudea vaa undertake. This
" '

lI&y be aeen in the ohapter ot thia paper which ia devotecl to _,801118 of

the'myatical concepta of AbU al~'AbbiB, and where several r~ference8 lare
made to R.A.Nioholson'. &pd I.Ooldziher'a ~oka.
Ü 1
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4fi.

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" 1
t
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1- 'AlI ibn 'Abel-Allah ibn 'Abd-e.l-Jabbar ibn Tamrm i~ Rurmuz ibn
Hatim ibn. Q~.r ibn Iüwt ilm l'üsba' ibn warel i1m Battal ibn Idris Muhammad
•
.. •••
.,
ibli .!Ïü ibn HuhUllllacl ibn al-Hal&n ibn '411 ibn Ab! 'l'al1b (0.593-656 A.B.-
c.1l96-~258 A.D.) is known al al-Bhâdhi1r atter the village ct, Sh8dhilah
in l~rqiyyah. Ancther IItcr)' told about his tUle is that the ùa)'lch
,
aBked God why He c81led him al-ShBdhilr,and reoeived the divine &nawer
'that \he tUle lIe~a al-Sh&dhclh li (exceptionally oZ" eapeoiall~ tor •• )/
lIe8A~ng that he WB 81ng1ed out tor God 's servioe and love. Be vas born

at the village ot Qhum&r~ in the tar wéat and iravelled tar and vide
until he came to. 8ett1a down in Egypt where he tound.d the Shadhilr

·Tarrqah (Rf, path, Bchool.ot thoUSht). He died in 656 A.B. (1258 A.D.)
\ .
white on hi8 wa:t to Xaldtah. tOI' the holy pllgriup, and wu buried a1:
, '
.
'.
,
HulDaytharab. on the Red Se. oout in the deaeri ot •qdhib in UPPIIl'
•
Ecfpt. -.. • 1
(Durrah pp. 23 tollowi:l'l8' , Lata'if: pp. 53 tollowing Il
•
.
Sha'raar: part 2 pp. 4 tolloW1ng)

\
. .
3- Taj-&l-~ "bÜ &1-' AbbiB, Ahmad ibn Muhaaaad ibn 'Abd-al-JCarfm i lm
tAta' All&h al-Judhëmf al-SakaDdarI (d. 707 or 709 A.B. - 1307 or
-,
i
i
Il •
1309 A.D.)- vae the· devaut di8ciple ot AbÜ al-'Abb&8 .al-MursI . and the
\ - "-
pl'OpagatoZ". ot hi8 teachinga both thrOUBh diBcouraing to his own disciples

' .
- and by writing Lata'it al-Kinan in vhich he inoluded the myatical
utt81'iup rmd thoupta ot "lN &1- t AbbÜ. !le 1a"ote laeveral lII)'1Itioal booka
and. poe•• lion ot vhloh exiat ~,.print. The beet lalown ot the •• , &8id.

J trOll . Lata~it al-JIin&Dt are al-Hilcam

. al-'Ata'nah,
. al-Tanvtr tI Isqat.

~
Quda al-Abqa.,
- ,. -
at..llad.'bir, Taj al-'A,rÜ. al-Hiwt' 11-'r&hdh1b al-Hutü8, al....a.rqa 11& al-
ud al-'l'uhtah. When he died he vaa burfed at al-Qaratab.
'

. , .

al-Sugbra (the 8IIal1

outakirta ot Cairo, ~t..
-
celllet81'Y)
,-: ... >

a.t the lIIountain of al-Muqattam on the

(Sha 'riDi: part 2 p. 19

'Sandübl: pp.103 tolloWing)

\ 1
 ,

.
• 4- yiqit ibn, 'Abd.-All8h al-Babaah! (born in al-Hab&ahah • Ab1lleinia),

1307 or 1331: A.D.) wa,

~

knovn &1ao' aB al-'bahi artel' Ood'~ 'tihroile ('&rab) (el.707 or. 132 A.B. -\
, th. di.èiple anel 80n-in-lav of Abit al-'Abbis
al~url!. 'The latter had 'pred1ot.d hie birth anel, 1at.r OD, when yiqüt
cu. to be hi. di.ciple, he ~i.el hill to hi. daughter, Bahjali, yiqüt
,

tieel in A1exuclria and hie grave still nanel. 1

in the • IIlO.qu. that o&l'rie.
... hi. DAIlle ript be.ide that ot ~i. ahaykh AbÜ al-' AbbAs.
(Sha'ranr. part 2 ~p. 18-19 & 1 Sandübr: pp. 114-115)
5- S.e here p. 23
6": Lata'it: 145
•
7- Durratapp. 4, 211
" .
. -.
,

8- AbÜ al-'Aza'im M&dI~ibn Sultan (d. 718 A.H. - 1318 A.D.) v.. the -
,
disciple and .ervant cf A.bu a1-Bu&Il al-shadh11i
•
... WOIll he aooompinied
' -
to r.eid. permanent11 in Egypt, ~tter leaving ~i8. Se waa one ot the
sroup who vere vith al-Sh&dhi1r when the latter- died and waa buried at
.
, 1

Humaytharah
_ _
in the de "s1,.
••rt ot '.Aydhab. Fol10wing this, he nayed
_
Vith \
'

Abu al-'Abba8 until"th. latter die4 and then returned to Tuni8. B. va.
l-!.-">'--:- •- ,
the o,other o(":.a.bÜ tAbcl:-AlIBh JI~~ad ibn Su1\_ the 'tamous mnt
(walI)
.. in ,TiiDia (died 8evera1 (18are befora his br~:thU xidI) •
~......

r(Lata'if: p. 72 & Durrat: pp. 22, 31, 179-180,-203)

.
• ,
9- Durrat: ~. 22

\.
10- 'l1aa.r ibn Abr al-Haaan 'À1I.ibn RUBhd ibn 'Al! ibn al-Par id (~own
.,
-as AbÜ Hats, and aleo as AbÜ al-Q&aim) (576 or 566 ~r 556-632 A.B. -
. (

• •
1180 or 1170 or 1160-1234 A.n.) W&8 on8 ot thé greateai Süt! poet.
in EQpt and W&8 ca11ed king ot lover. (Sultan al-cmhibbrD and Sultan
a1:"'Üh1qrll). Be. d.1ed at 'th• •osque ot al-Ashar
' .
wu barieel at al- and
. .
Qaratah (the oelleter)') on the side ot the IIlOWltain of al-Kuqattu on
1 ••

the out.tins of Cairo. '

~
(al-Adaba pp. 91-116') .

" · - '1199-1276 A.».) wa. barn ,at

tather took the whole famil)" and moveel
·
11- Ah.ad ibn. 'AlI ibn Ibrihrm al-HulI&1Jl! AbÜ al-'Abb&à 'al-:BadawI
(59~-675 A..H. in al-*acUib. Sis
ta
JCakkah, ln 603 A.H. (~206
Pa.
, A.D.) aner hea:ring' a div1ne"'vo~ in sleep. tel1t~ "hilll 'té;, do th~t'.
- -'~
~
,.,
'.f " ...."1

~, (,;
,1 ~'"
~
. '

\,
" , ,
"', ..
 Il

-9-

.
Ahmad. Vi.ited Iraq.
,
to a divine voiee
and. SFia, vent baok to Makkah, and in,obedieno.

.
that repeatedl,. told hi. to 10- to Tud..tah (lalown

..
\
nov .... Tanta) in 10wer Imt. :he went ther. in ,634 A.H. (1236 A.D.)
\ , ' , ,
md.. .pent hie tir.t twelve' ~~a 'OJl the roof ,ot the houlle ot'a lIhayth
oalled.. ibll Shahrt. Kan,. p~<ôPl~ joined.. hill path (tarrer)' vhich wu,
• • •
'.
ad .till ia, bOND aa al-&b m adi17Ù alter hi. UlM, or a1-Su:tÜhinah
aner the root (autÜh) ot 1'bD Shahrt la hou.e. AIIon, hill 1I0.t tuou.
..
••
tolloverl and admirera- \
• •
.
,va. al-«ali~ al-Zihir Brbars. ber,. -
~ar. up
to the prellet' a great anniveraary celebration (1I&1I11d..) Md.. a market
(aU'q) are he1d in Tanta where tbou8Mda
• •
ot
p.ople oOlle trOll al1 over
Egypt to parti.oipate in the oelébration ud.. to pt th~ eh~ '. ble ••ing.

1235-1277 ':.1..».) coe. back in h~1 tamil,. tre. to al~~

. .,
12- IbrihI'. ibn lbr al-llajd.. ibn Qur&1Bh ibn Muh_d (-633-676 A.B. -
'.\.

ibn '.Ur
\"

-
'
'\,r,
.
i'bD I.br '!'&lib. Be vall:a great saint (rut)! at DeàWt,'·,Id.• hOlle tom,
iD. Lowv EQpt. He ..rote a big. book, cal,led sl-Jawihir.. u.d.. .everal
pO.IIS that are very ditticult to und..erlltand althoû&h acme judp that
1 •

the,. d..~not ... tendenoy towarda unit1 or o~enella ot exiStence, (~d....t

, al~jicl). - '. -
(~rl part 1 pp. 143-158 & al-A'lizaz part 1 p. 54)

~, 1

,\

8, '.

'\ .

j, ' .. , .1.
 • l ,"

, .

• "
11. IlftO~OIHO A.BÜ

,6~6-686 ,.~. - 1212-1287. ~.D.2

.u,..'Ë AL-XURsf

. 1 1
SlUhab al-lin ,~ al-tAbb&. Abaa4 i ... \ 'UUr ibn "'Alt al-xhurajl
_ _ ' .' (1-a) _ (;1':-b) \
al-Annri al-Murar vaa barn in 616 A.H. (1~19 A.1).) at Murli,.ah . in
• , ~ t
1;; ' ~ ..

Anclaluaia (al-Anclalu,) ~ere hi a ta~h.r, 'Umar ibn' Al!. wu ,.' meroh-

.,
ante It ia 'beUevecl that the tamil)' tree of !bIl al-'Abb&. "Int back'
to Qçe ibrl Sa'cl, who wu the ruer (amIr) ot EQpt tOI' 'AlI ibrl ~br
. .
!&li'b" and. at1l1~k to on. of)ke Propha~'I'oOlDpanionl (~a'b!'),

.' Sa'd ibn

,
,'Ubdah al-AIllü-i.(2)"hO
, .
val th. maat.r ot al-Ihuraj at the
ti.1 ot )(~':*ù -the Prophet. IAbÏi ai~·Abbi. ha4 aD elcllr ~~jher, AbÜ
'A'bd-Allah I~ ,al-Di'n J(~ad, 'acl the two '1I81d. to helJ their tath.r
in hi. tradl whioh required. a lot ot ~ravellin, around.,
~" When AbIÏ al-'A.bbU ,•• etill a 'bo;y, it 1 ••111 that he ahoved .ar11
1'.ligioua and .pirit,.J. tlllclenoi •• whioh lat el', d.velopecl to make Mm
..
the grlat pole (qutb) that h..
~

he once heard the abaykh say t-hat-, ... a ,boy, he. wu vith hi., tutor
. 0...
"
to be. l'bD lAt;' ' Allih
/
.
repori.
,
that
,
.
(~'acld.ib) vritiq on ~a .late • • J. ...n approaohld hilD Mcl .ai4, "A /

.siri"
o '

doe. Dot 'bl~.n whitlJl.~•• " '

'!'he boi 'A.lN al~'~b'bÜ r.~oried, "11:
1
, , 1

i. not .. JOU 01&1., l'ather. hl clo•• not blacka th. whi~8Il••• ot ~.

, .
(Abi'it, '.1nC• • ftah • 1.e. on.'. puri lit.) vith the blaome •• ot
• • ••
(~)- ~if.ni~, th•••
•

.iD•• " .bide' ,ho. tend.IDoi8., A"Di al-'AbbU ha4,

tor, a tUtor, a .&illt1l person who ••••• to have talcen ever1 opportunitl"
t Ilead. hi., pupil
.. "
retlZ'l'ea to '
.
o~ ~e 'l"i~t path to 004. !bÜ
,~
al-'Ab~
, \ • ~ 1

1. t~1 ot .cluoatioD and. l\Ûd.aÎlc. bl r.a~~tiDC :tU. i,lluB.t'ratlve

, • "-~: '. :' ". . _' ,'" '.:. ( ;: ~ :' :. ',"', ' • l ,

st or,. Once, whil. ..U.ll a ...11 'b91, 1 ''bit' al:-'.tbbil went ,to ••• al , ) . ' ... ( H •

ph&lltOIa 'ab~" 010.~:~0, ,'111.- h~••• Tb~_n~ '~~iDCt .~,h. :~. bie
" '\ .. nI, 1 (' \ ~ 1 1 • ~ : '\ , t \, .. ~ , - \) 'J ',oJ,,) ~ \ t, 1 ~ '. ' 1 \

• ' \ ~ 1 ) j 'J 1) '> ,r ~ l , ,. '\ )._! l ,

. ,
•
'.
'1 '"',
)~"L,J~ ..
": , , ' ,
l'l-/\~i>~ .. :·'E~l'
,e.'"
\Il ~\.
'(~l'>::::':;;~"'"",;,:,;".>;;"
-
;:,:'.".',::,:.,l~,'1,:'\':",,:,,:,,::,::'
~.. _ ~
""::,,,' , ' .~ . '",. ',1 "- ",,',
.... "
"
cl (,~~
~ .. or l
_
, \ j" d, ," (~
~ \";')
:\ ~ ~ \' l' J,' 'II\.~.
'''<~\''1<-''I;~
',.. ~~.. 1 "~~~.
,,'"
.. ~
0::,1.,\"
1 : ... ~(
4\,,;_1,,"
, 1 - •
,")'
j
('
l.~ 'r ,,'\ ! ...1 ~ r 'j' ,'l"
J"'!.~.'"~::'!,"•• ' , ,
\0; Il ~ )
,
~,
"l'
 -11-

...'.. 1 \ ,

applUUlC' b.tore hi.'tutcr,' 'the 1att.r rlc.ivlcl hia vith vorcl. ot

- t
, ~(.l. r'

ot ph~tom i .....
t

'critic18m that'hl rlciil4 1n v.r'l tora. "0 vatchlr

in voncllr..~~t, JOU azoJ' 1OUl'.11t t~1 phantOll'\, "'1" 1011 to •••• "(4)
ct tant7, toar (640 A.B. - 1242
At the • ,
A.D.), AlN a1-'AbbÜ,
,
&OcclIIP_ied hi. tather, alonc 'vith the 'reat o~ thl t1oll11;r, on a trip
b,- ••• vith th. 1nt_t1011' ot p.rtorll1nl' the,hol, p11er1..... Untor-
iuatll" wh11••&111nl' clo •• to thl coallt
, ot -Buna, ,
,
- ft norm bl." and
th.ir 8h~p .ank takinl clown vi t~ 1t .oat ot, th. p..'.pr. aboard. 1
AlN al-' AbbÜ Uld hi. .1der
' .
broth.r ",rI th. ,on1, ...ber. ct the1r
l
tu1l, to Mk. the~r "cap'. Th. tvo h,a4ed. tor 'fÜi. whlrl thlt ' "1/

r'l1d~d tor roae t1...(5)

Th, atorr ot thé firn ....ting bltwe,n A'bii al~'Abbia _d ,"Di al-
,~M al-8hi4lùl!, &l, &iV.1l bl Alli al~'AbbÜ hi."lt,,(6) .ound.a, illt~~-
~ ,~ l ,

I.tine aDc1 vu obviou.17. "'Mt 'to r.veal th. 1Il)'IIt1cal talents ot th. .
'twc, ,and to ahov that Alai &l-'A~bÜ ha4 1cme bien 4eniD.ct to 00011P1
- . , ~ -
th. al1-1mportut po.Uion ot ,polI an~ al-8hÏ4hi1l'. 1!le lItory tll1.
t ot .o.,~e lIho invitecl AlN ~:.. Abb&. to 'aocOllPUl hi.. to .,. al-8h&dh11t
- ,

Who, at the ti•• , h&c:l hi. r ••iclenol 1n a ·l1li*11 "OIqU'e (z&viyah) on thl
- ' \ ' .
1
aountain ot Zacb.win. ( ) AlthOUCh AbÜ al-' Abb&a ha4 alr'ad7 h.ard. abOut 1
1 .. \ •

the _Plat ahaJkh. hl :Iverthlll•• f'Gid'cl to ~O~lUlt 004 tirat betor.

he pa1cl h~. aD): vi.it. ftat . . . mpt, ~I dreut in hi. ~llep that hl
ôiia'bed. to the top 'ot \a acnmtau\ whwe .he, AV a ua ~t,\1q there oii.d.
a crlen 010&11: vith loaeonè on hi. rilht aDd. &DOther on 11:1' 1en.,
- Ùl
.. -
Wha 1ba. al-IAbbU lookecl up at the
~

-
118D, ~hl
'

1attlZ', Aid, '"1

, '

~
t~cl
1

~
the
IlUcce•• o~ ot th1.
, "/tf.~e' (~irt&t upo.a:.wh1éh AlM al.IAb"':' 'wote .
, al-Suia)," 4
.. al-
•
_ ~

, \ ! ~ ) ...
, ' ) , .... )

11; ,rro. hi, .le.p.

, , L
'!'he aut .OmiBI, after' 'the aOl'Jl1n1' prqer.
- , ~, . . . . " ~, .. . '
~'bii 1

, ~ \ _ - ..) ~ \.. '!' 1 • ' \ ~ , , ~i .,' , ,- , l ' , '_ \ '... J 1

-Ab. . , who _ft have,t.en hi. dr... to atplf'7 Oocl~~,p.raai'liOll:tOZ' '

'''~ ~ ,'~\"" '"" .. ,': -r ~~., 1 \". :~,~, t " ''-,1_ -,\ ',,' ,,'\<\'~ :~I' I~ ~j~\ ~\ ~ ",

hia, ''t.o proollcl, wà't' ,vith 'th. ,.a. 'who 'hacl ·pl'lvioua~7·invite~ Ua to

1
1
. ' ,: ' ,":: •,.", :,!I,',:~ ::>"~;) ,li:,:: :);::~'<,; <jt'.:,,\7;;'. ,': ;,;::',
 \
--......"..---------_:.: .~.~'~~"~
>( ,
-12-

vi.it &l-sh&4hU1. On arr1v1nl t~er., Ami a1-'A'bb&a wu nrpril;d to

.ee ever,.thinc .. h. h&4 •••n 1t in hi. dreu, ad. he .v..n ~eard. &l-
I \ "t •

Shid.h~lr a4clr1.ein, him' iD the .... warde, 1.e l• "1 touncl. thé IUco•••or
, ' '
_ . . . '1 '

; ot th1. u ... " Wh~ Abu. al-'Ab" cave h~e DIli- and. line... at a
qaln10A flooli al-8bÏ4hilr, th. latt.r ..tcl., ~01l we. litte' up to
.. (rufi ''ta lI, • i ••• 7ft vel'l ,r.v.allcl. to' Ile) t.n 1IU'e aéo."
l "
'!'h. oirowaIRUlO'. ader wh~oh al-5h&dhUr ana. AbÜ a1-' AbbA.

<'110.,.'d tr~1Il Tini. to IQpt. "~1Il ta have b~en relatlcl. to tvo intlr.8'ti~1
1n01c1.lnt., on. ot whieh 1'_au3,ted in al-9hiclhUr lIaking a trip to Imt
bd'ore hi. tirlrt Il••tinl· with A'bU: al-'l'bbÜ al...ur.I, ad the other

MW the
,
tinal .0•• ot the iwO
, . re.1d. "her. ptr-
8ha)'kh. iOI IQpt "'0

lIIDentl;y. ~ tar a. the tirB't vi.it to Egnt W&8 cOlleemed, li .....

, '.
'that ther. wu a eFtaiA judCe ' (qidr) q~ 'l'iiÎl1. O~l.llcl. lbÜ al-Q&.l.

,
-1 ."4
.
1bn al-Barra' ~Who, driv8I1 j.alou. br the r ..putat10~ lUld IUcoe,. ot
'.

al-shidhilr,
, r
coaplained.' ta the .ouroh, Sultan
•
.&.\Ri al-Zakari~·.
that a'man floo. the Vill.,. ot Sh&dhilah (i.~ • .lbÜ al-!&au al-8h8dhU1),
•
who wu a thiet ot doDke)'ll, wu olaillin, te b!I ot honorable d.açeni,
i '. .
wa. reo.1vi~ loti ot people, and na thus oreaUnl t1'oubl,! in the
, • 1

counir;y. Upon h.U'ins thla, the Sultan BWIIIIloneii the ahaykh. h84 hill
, 1. ,
• "'" 1

"."-ed. bb7 a lNIIber ctf l,uruecl and 'r.l1giOU8 peopl •• and. tiDa1l7 aôquittecl. .
\

hi. after ..tille IUJ" ~ha't h. wu a grea~ l&int. JloveV8l', the· judee
1 '

_ni on n'th' hi. coraçuatorial .ohell'. &pinet ~-shidhilr until the

latt.r decided, to CO to Alt.Ul'l~1•• Jopt t lOing tr.o. ther. ~o p.rtona
ihe ho11 pllsrilll&P. ,Later 011 ,-he return.d to 'l'Ün18, whlr. he lIDCl Abi

al-'Abb&.' had tbeir ,tirai "...etinl, a~ut whioh t.l-8hidhilr 8&14,

"Iothu,
,1
br~t '~ back tG TWu:. 'eZc.p~ thie 'JOUq lI&1a~n(8)
~e; othlr tnoid~t that Pl'capted th., ..00n4 and final !love to
~ ~ ~

, "
/ /

1 ",
.
, .
l, \

......
l '

,"
., I,
: ~ .~~~ . ,',' ':. ~ ~ ,'\~t I~~. j ~\"lJ;~""lr'":,":r!,\t l, 1<'

----~--~~-
 .,, \ '.

--13-
.!
,e Eupt na iD the tora ot a vi.itation that al-shid.hilr laid. h. had,
~ / 1

t~lliD. hi.
.
in whioh Muh8llllad the Proph.t •••••
.
to have &pp.ar.d
-
to him iD .l••p /
tb 1'0 to Igpt. ( 9 )/ In oO.Pliano~, al--shidhilf, .lbÜ" al-
,

1 ~
1

'AbbÜ, ud. uveral otherl, und'Mook th. trip, 'tinall,- tO .nter

Ala.clr1a fro. th. veit at '_4 al-8awlrt. (~o) Th.r. 1l-Bh&4hilr
took up tor pU'lluent r'.iel.no. on. ot th. to_r. OD th. wall ot "
,~ ! " l

Al8XUd.ria(ll)whil. AbÜ al-'Abbis, pr'lUmably tollowiD&' the '1nstruc- .

tioDS ot hi • .h&7kh, weDt to live iD Cairo. Bovav.r, it i. Aiel that 1

,h. u ••el to 1'0 to Alezuciria ~.r7 nipt to attend. the P1h.rincâ ot

&l-8hidhilr Ulcl to retUl'll the .... l~iPt tQ, Cairo. ('12)
\
In 656 .t.K. (1258 .l.D.), al-8h&clh11r and. Alli al~' .lob&., aoooça-
l " • ,
niecl Dy other., varat OD their lut ,trip ~ogether to perton the holl
pillZ'1map. 1t ..... that al-sbidhilr Jale" tbetorehU1cl that he vas
1 l ,

\ "-
SOinC to Ue OIL the "-1, tOI' he aakecl hi. oompBDion. to t&ke &long

, ri th th•• -& piokax. U1cl a Kav.l so .. to be ible to lN:ry whon.r

cliecl cluring th. trip. SiDos 'he had n.vtr llAd.e that requ"ri "tore,

1,t W&8 taten b,. th. other. to

,
W1 BD in41oatiOl1 ot h1s approachiDg •

'.~4.(13)Wh11e the group ~re on~h.lr' VaJ acro •• the cl•••rt ot 'A1dhib~14)
, , ' 1 -
'al-shidhill na 'aten .erlousl,. 111,' U14 'finall,. 41e4, at the' aall
l '
toVll ot :aU&1tharah(~') _er. hl. ooapanion. bar1:ed hiil.(16) Hovev.r,
• "

bet'or. "
. the '
8lIQkh diecl, h. ha4 a private
,
converaatlcm ,vith .lbU al-
_ ~., 1 1 ' , j . . . . . . ~

'.lbbU, tollov1nl wh10h he tolel hia ooapan1ona tbat lm al",:,' .lbbaa •

~='

to ncoe.el hlll an.r hi. ellath, acl that he wu one of 004 '. pt.. "'\
(abw&b, ,ailLe. bi~). (11') , l' , f~ ~ t 1

~i
, 1 .\

.lner ,the death or al-8hidliilr, A.bÜ al-'Abbi. !

•
'.a;:cr-.,utation vent
!ri ;. ~: ~ 1

t&J\, , 1114 1I14e, ••peoiall,. in .u~xll1d.r1&,

,
whlob ,h•. took
' '. ~

u»' toI' permuent

,
1 1

,
" , 1 - ;

re.ielenoe. Ever,- . . . .1'.,. he 'Uae4 to 10 to Cà1ro, '''ere h• diloour •• cl

, " t 1
I
1

ad t~t at th~ 1I0."'Ot. • ~,

al-B&klaa. (~8).or~over. he Jeept
,~. <IQ' ,
~he t~a41tion,
, .. ~,' \ (" (' ~. 1

,~ \ ~, '
\' ,
 " .
"

• 1 -14-

• -a.t by al-sh&dhi1t, ot soins

1

trOll

-AR ibn &1-'1. at &1_ru.t&t(19) wh.r. lUa diaoovae. wer.

tim. to tiaie, to th. ao.qu'e ot
1I0.tl~
at't.lUi.cl br th: 1.an.~ JI:i~illa ('Vi.,;;.J, aiDe. 'iiia). (20)
, AlRl al)"' Abbd 41.4 in lluaclria iD th. ~&1' 68~.l.B. ( 1287
, ",
.l.D.) (684 or 685 .l.B. - , 128'5 or 1286
. A.D. ao04rcl1nS to ibn al-
•
.
sabbièh)(2~) and W&~ buried outaide th. pte ot the .ea, (Bib &l-
.
Bahr)(22) 010 •• to th. clolle ot (Qubbat) ~1";aptWl'r.(23) A1thcqh
• l "
hi. t~lIb wu we11 Dawn ta the p.op1., 1I&D7 ot WOII viaitecl it tOI'
\ ' , .
bl'.8inS, no oOllnruotion W&8 rai ••d on it ti~l th. ,~ar 706 A.B.

.
..
(1306 A.D.) who Zap .al-Dtn al-Qattü., the lea411lB auchant ot
AluIIIlclr1a, viait.d it ad llad a tOllb, a dCII., acl a 1I0aque
' -
co~

..
" 1

.truot.d 011 ,he .it •• The nor7 1088(24) that ,al-Q&ttiD had OOD-
/
tracted alopecia (di' al.-tha'lab) whioh ollD.ed the 10••
\
ot hi. ''be
and eJabron • .le a ren1t t h. telt 80 'cl_gradecl that he .oulht "he
ari1o~ ad.v1c. ot won eve17 doctol' in IcYPt. lNt to no "Tail.
-
1

At lut,. hariD«
\
heucl about the tOlib ot A'bIl al-'.lbbu, he vi.ited -
1

\ it .~v-ral t1••• and l'epe~tedl7 ,appÜ.ed du-! trOll it to hi,. t&O.~ \

~il'aculOU.l7, the etor7 8&78. hi. 'baard 8D~ e78brôw8 etarted. srowinc
.~. ~ ·srahM _ l......t; ,~~t luI4 the o _....oU.....
on ~h. lIhalkh 'a toa'b 8Z'eot.d~ \ '
l ,

l ,

J
'1

. l'
,~ .'
, " .\ 1

, 1

, ,
, '.:
 aA
-.
,n

lI'OO'DfO'l'ES

Tri"1iighama p. 49/ Il SaDdübra p. 411

1 1....
1-b Murli:yah (Mureia). ene ot the l&1'...r tOwn8 in Battel'll Andalulia;
, '
\ ,

val allo knoWll at that ti.e .. lier al~ADdalul •

•
(al-~ù&Ddari".lu p. 457)
. .
2- Sa'd ibll
. (.
'Ubi4ah 11:111 Harithah al-lhurajr. lmown .. .t'Di Thabit,
val ene ot the Prophlt' 1 oOIllP_ionl in al-Madinah. He be10npd to the
- ,i

nobi11ty both ~in Jëh111~ (pre~I.lamie period in ~abia) and in

Ifi Ill... Be 'waa the muter ot al~azraj. and .fier the cie.th of the'
Prophet he retu,.ed to cleolare alleCiance to AbÜ Bakr. Then" wh_ later 1

' '11&1' ..
i'bD al-JOiatta'b reprilD&Dded bill tor thil, he left Arabia tor
al-8hÜl wtiere he d1ed in 14 1.B. (635 A.D. ).
\

(a1-1'laml part 3 p. l
135)

4- Lata'itl P. 79"
•
Sandübl: pp. 41-42 ~
5- -r \
SandUb 1 pp.
'
'42-43 ", .. ~~
1- ~'bal
·
6- Lata '1ft p. 58"
\
Sandü'br: p. 43
(the aoanta1D ot) Z&8hwaD lie. about th1rt1 aile.
, aouth-
' , J
j
l
1
ve8t ot 'TÜDil. 1
i
(lDc1.Brit. Vol. i~ p. 145) 1
1
1

8- Darrat: pp. 28-3~

9- ])arr~t'I p. 32 '"
,
10- Latatitl p. '~58 , Dunata p_ 135 Il S8Qdü'bilp. 45
•
'ADcl
(the pi11ar
, ot) ~-5&wirr. i 80 oalle4 beo~.e 'Ot lt •. aise , ,

...
~4 he1pt, . . on. ot a'bout tour hundred .11111ar p1~larl that, nr-
' ' .
r01mdecl lD4 Rpported. a t ••ple .cl .. poroh in the 10000thern pari. ot
UUlDvia'outaicle th. louthe1'D pte mo_ &1 Bib al-5idrah. ,
In
'
the
rl1l11
· . .'
ot Salih al-tin &l-AnÜ'bI. the other pillar. _l" raèrred âDd
~hro~ '1l1to th. I.a ... b100kiq obstacle. 111 the ""l' ot ':n••1 e1ûpa.
1 •

(al-Ihu:tat: part l p. '~57 ' "al-IalcaDdarinah: pp. 57-se, 160, 163,

\ • -II
245)~' '

,'~

,
"
1

,
12- ~ti'1tip.
, '
, .
85 '., .a 'rlArl part 2 p. 13 , "
,.
o "
1 •
r ~. ,

, \ (
 .~

-16-.
,
1

13- Durrat: p. 179, 181

,
)
'1
,
14 &, 15- Buma,tharah waa a aa11 ton l11ng in the deaert of 'Aydhab
#-
on t~e Red Sea Cout in Upper Igypt. 'l'hroulh the cle~ert i t aelf 1&1
\ ' "
the l'but. tha~ the Mu.1i. pllgrlm. followed for about two hundred
;year. (o. 450-660 .1.1. -1058 -1261 A.D.), floo. QÜ. on the River 1file
to the 00&8t of the Red Sea. The j~el throusb thi. cleaert usecl to
.
talce the pilgrill••ev.nteen da1B to accomplish and 1t vaa a time ot 1

sreat attering tOI' thell, ~or the d.aert wa8 extreIRe17 hot and eniire-
17 barr.n and wat.r1 •••• 1
(al-lhutat: part 1 p. 327)
••
16- Lata"if: p. 59 , Dln'rai: p. 180 , Sha'riDrl part 2 p. 4
•
• , S&Dd.übr: p. ~
,
11- Dunat: p. 180
1

18- The mo.que ot (Mujid) 'al-Hikill val 'quilt b7 al-Bild.. bi-AJar

U1in .1bÜ 'ni
•
x.nam.. •
at a plac. callecl al-Miqass on the baDk of, th.
Riv.r Hile. It ~ ~eDOYat.d 80me tille alter the 18&r 770 A.B. (1368
A.».) bl Shus al-Dfn 'Abd-lll8h al...iq.....r, 1linia1i.r of lin, al-J.llhraf'
Sba'biD ilm Bu~ ibn Xuh_ad. ibn Qal.aVÜD ..... a ,re.lt, th. moaque
• IJ • ..., ., ..

c. .e to be mOR b7 it., othe Il''', i.e. the 1I0.que (Jalli t ) al-Kiqaa.r

~er th. milli.t.r.

(a1-1hutat:
, ..
part 3 p. 201 A part 4 pp. 2, 65-66)
19- Th. mo.que ot (Ja..i 1) 'Amr ibn al-'''- wu 'built in the l'Iar
'
21 1.B. «()41 k.n.) at the new17 eatab1iahed cit7 ot al-Pu8'tat. It
.
J ••

"va. the tirA lIOaque to be lN1lt in J:cypt aner the eab invasion
Ulcl vu mova . . al-Jiai' al-'Atlq (the Dciellt 1IO'.èiue). !ij al-
, ,
JaVÜi' (th. croa ot .oaque.), ancl Jiai" 'Alir ibn al-'L. '!'hi. -
.oaque va. bailt in aocor~ce vith a directive reo.ivecl troa 'Ù-.r
'

.
iba al-Ihattib requ1rill8 1:bat a' mosque be lmilt for all the tri"..
••
to .eet in ancl pertora the Friel.,
1"' -
pra,.~·to,.ther.
f

"'" 1 -

(al~U~&!: ,Part /4 pp. 4-5)

e
, 1
20- J)Qrratl p~- 188
-..
21- Sba 'rani 1 pan 2 p. 12
al-81QÜ~rl pai-t 1 P. 300
"
.~I p. 390
.
• al-8ulukl pari.1
•

Sec. 3 p. 738
. -'
SaudÜbr: p. 49
hruat. part l p. 522
, '
, --
•
&J.-.l"l'" pan 1 p. '1.79 ' • ~a", 193 '.
1
 ,. -
o
22- BAb al-Bahr (the pte ot the .ea) n. the northerD pte 1n the
vall .urroun41ng ~ex&Ddria and 1t overlooked the .ea at the .a~ern
~ ,
harbour. Outeide thie sate, whioh vae aleo DOwn aB Bab labtum and
~ -
!&b al-8:U.1lah, 1q the oe.et'ert mown a.
Xaqb&ra't al-Mrn&v&1ll (the
oe.eter1 ot the two harboure) where llN al-'lbb&. &l-Murer va. bur1"d.
't, ' Il

(al-llkanclazi'iyy&Ju pp. 160, 425, 433,'" 451)

1

23- Durratl p. 193 cl: sanfÜbr, p. ,50

24- Durrata p.·194 cl: Sandübrl p. 116

'"
~

~
..

t
'" J
~
~
J
1
1 "
t
1- '"
ô

1 -'

" -

'0

'.

,1
1
1
1 y '0
,~
1) , ,

• ; , ' . . .J J,J~"t.:.{~;',\1 '

,.........I.IU.U.I.NI. .SC
.. .
i1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
: .
: ..... in..
rrrlIIIt
\

-18-

111. '1'HE AU'l'BlIM'ICITI OP ABU AL-'ABW

n dSI :, "

The attellpt to prove the authenticit7 qf AbU al-IAbb&a k-Murar

a. a pol~' 8hould be pointed out, trOll "the very ou~.et, to be a ditticult
t:» "
one, tor 1t Will be ba.ad, . . i. the ca.e wi th an~other pole or .ome
taille and public &cceptance, upon what the pOle hilDaeIt cla1m8 to be,
he people, including hi8 tollowera and ~ be h;a ahaykh,

im. Theretore, it is up to ~e reader hilDaelt to tora, his

et 'aboUt the validit,. ot what the nen te" pu&graphs 1n-

Ç) r

olllcie, &lth it i • •,. dut y, as the writer ot thi. paper, to point

50

,out that AbQ <Al-II. b&a .till enjoys the reputation ot a miracle-worker
o o ~ ~.
deapi t. the p...ap t .everal centuries &t'ter hi. death, "hi ch state-
lient 18 merel,. rq OG opinion, hav1ng lived IIlOat of MY lite in the
city ot AluaDdria where the ahaykh lived, practi8ed, died, and vu

baried..

One ot the IlOai important people who wi tne88ed to the true 8&1nt-

lIhip and ~oleBhiP ot 'bÜ al- 1AbbA. vu undoubtedl,. hi. Bhaykh, AbU al-
. .-.
Haau al-8h&dhih,
•
. ~

_0
oho.e hi., or rather waa illapired to choose hill,
, .
&II hie 8Uco•••or. Th. reterenoe to 'inspiration', whioh II1gbt give ri ••
to the aurai.. that th. oboice Ç)f AbÙ al-' .lbb&. wu a . .tter ot di vine
will, i. bu_ upoD the story ot' the, .tiret lIeet~ that took plac. bet-
, " " r

wen the tvo '8ba.7kha. ( 1) 4l-Mur.r Ol~..ecl that hie .eetillB vi th &l-
: i

SbadhilI took P~&C. ~.r he h&d r.ceiv.d div1n~ perad ••ion thrOUCh
a dr... to CO .ead. vi th the ....ting. B. alao olaimed that
i ~
.. aoon aa
: 0

al-shid"b11r A" hi.f'he A1d that he tOUllCl in AbÜ al-'Abb&a 'th. BUco•••or
_ oa

ot thi. ti..e '(khalItat a'l-suan) and that he had been revealed to

_ _ û •

al-shMb111 t.n ~U'. previouely. The whole st ory , whioh could. actull,.

"'.11 int.JÛled.
1

haYe happenecl . . toU, "~lDa to have to eaaphaaize the

, ,

1
 '. J

\"

. ,

authenticit;r ct .lbi al-'Abbia and the aoundneaa ct al-sh&dhilf l •

chcice of a 8Ucc••aor.
ADo:ther a,.bolical nory, that rd.pt have be'n meant to serve \
. the' ....e Pl1l'po~e 1 vu ,tolcl b" a lII8D cUled Ibalfl, a .aint v~o lived,
.' diecl,.and va. baried,at a place called N..hfl al-QaDitir.(2),ccording
o

to thi_ ~, al-sh~ilr onoe en~ered ~i. hou.~rm.cl hi,_ abl~-

. .. ,

tioD8 betore SOing to pray, and theD took down Xhalrl l • bow, vhich
.. " ' , , "

waa h8llging on the wall', 8Ild atl"Wlg i t thrioe. When, nalrl aeked bim
"

who hi_ BUcoeilaor wu, al-Shidh1l'i - - anne~ecl ~ the one who

that h. wu
would cOlle into the hou.e, perton hi. ablution. in the a..e W&J
. t~llowed "bY al~idhilr, and strine\ the ..... bov tbrioe. x.ter 011,

.the ahaykh!'8 c c~llPlUliolla ~tered "Ihalfl~. hou.e but none ot thell did
o , " r

. .t al-shdhilf ~cl that one of thell woulcl clo, until AbÜ al-'.lbb&.
.. [
tinalll
~.."
vent tn, pvtoraed.. hi. .ablutiona
,
in th. ume uzmv as al-
~ \

Shidbi~r, 11ftecl hi. e18. to wkere the bov wu haDCinc, wed. nalIlt
• ' , , l
1 to haacl it to hiJl~ atrung it thr10e, ancl a&icl that the promis. or
. prediotion (ft 'cl) ot th•. ah~ had beell tultillecl •
•' . A.ide trOll the •• tvo _torie., A"Di al-Baau-al-sh&cihilf u1Iecl ,to
pr~.e AbÜ al-~Abb&__or' h:L8 h~liDe.a &Ild his spiritual powera. He .' l
. .
. . '

, .! . '
oo~sid.recl him to bé the best of 'hi_ cOIlPwona, lUking hi. opiJlioll
, , .
cleaf ~o everyoD.e ~ al,lowing .lb; &1-' ~bbÜ. ~o ~et vith, and teacb the 1

peQP1,~ at the mosque ot àl-'Attiri'n

. .. t3 )in tbe _e c~ty, .ll~~ia.
,'"

.
, ,

/
," ;~Bh~:=;.~t~:::~t:.::::.::.~~;:
- 1
;
contiDu~8 ~lif'ic~ti'on 'trom the 1~J:1~'8 '~ord.8 to Abi ,al~'Ab~8 and
. (

to, his. other OOalp'aDiOD8 aa Well.' !hua, to~ example, he tpld Zald al-Diu • <:> 1 1

.
.
...
\
.,
 \

. (5) _ • _
al-Aevinf th",t a btclOuin lIipt 8'0 to Abu al-'Abbas and urinate on hi.
, ~

\ lege at th. begiDDizag ot th. el&)", bu.t th'D, b7 th. end ot th. ....
da,., - -'
I!;J

~,Qod"
Aba. &1-' AbbU voulel have tÜln hi. tQ
•

. .
for AbU.
t

- ~_. Abbu .. ......

th. perteot lIIaD (al-rajvl &1-kimil) to nOli Oocl had r.vI&1.d al1 th.
mnt. pan ucl pripnt, (6) 'ancl who h&cl \
"b~t all the ~&inta had 8DCl
, .
lIore. (7)

B.tore prooeecU.ng to a r.Vi." ot the opiJùon. ot othlr eainlnt

, . Î
plopl. about th. authelltioity ot AbU: al'" Abb&a, i t W be 1n ortllr
l ,

to ..top h.re tOI' a while to point out 8D 'importat illpl1oation that

. .
th. aboYe lattitucl. ot al-8hiclhilI might live l'i.e to in the .tD4. ot
1

- th. read.rl ot ,thi. the.ia,' Va. al-8hid b UI trJing tO lI&ke it olear

" l
. ,

that it vu AbÜ al-'lbbi. who wu the onl\ to suoceecl bill Del that h.
wu alloviag ot oompetition? And it who n i ' th. ooap.titor?
110
. 10,

Th' aZUNer to the.e que..ti01l. i. not ea8)' to 00.' up vith, tor no

...
cl1reot or even iBd.ireot
r
ret,r'nol il 1I&cl. to tbis point. " R01Nver, 1t
...,. be woriihMhile to poiDt out that ther. vu & certain juri8pJ'Udent , •
" aaid t~r.be- ~llecl . XaklD al-DtD \ ,al-Aaar. who rl.i4e4 in ,1Qpt
D '

anel who joinR 'the ~lIlPaDion8 ot Alli

,
&l-Buan . al~i.c!h1lr on 'the

, \
.
,

ed.uoat:t.oD,(8). ."ono,
.
",0 Jluh·-ad. 'the hophn, ucl not to azq üçkh, for hiil spiritual
'

wi~h 1'bD'''A!;;' ~lih. ~~ lattu! 8t~t'cl talkinr

' \

~bout llKÏ ,
~~ •.lb~~ .quo:tihg ~ 01 the '~'a "orel. to' the. ~oJÛah-
, l , . ~

.. • - t , Jo .. 1

_nt ,ot lIakliL al4n vh~ ,_e~ up ".&Jing tut, il1 truth h. di4 not
• • , ~.. • 1 ( 1

i~OW.l~ f-:-';Abb&a, Ibn '1~;;', 1l1&h took the\ ~uri.pruclent t., clenial to
, , " \

.eD ,aa adaittuce ot th. "gre.tl1.s. ot the abaykh and

,
that the ,JDAD na

".
~I' that 'he ticl D~ bO" th~ âctu~l gx:eatne.a of lbÜ ,al~t'bbÜ.(9)
, / - .
, Bowewr, ~h~ ~"', ~en1t11111Q' ~ t~e~ a~ ita t&C~ valu. to, lIlean t);Lat
" 'the 1IUl, who ,~ ~tual17 o~. ot' the, • .t~~mea. oOllpaniona 'ot al-Sh8dhilt,

\ . :::"; ::~:;~;:;>'.';:,. ,:;; ." . " .

 -21-' , 1/

U1d who, must have known AbU al- t Abb&a, rllinted the reputation ot
the ahayJeh and, III. bI, the prolpeot ot hil beoolling'al-shidhilf's
nools.o~.

1.,. ea1nla:t plopll, 1.,loial17 in t,hl' neld ot ~ioi .. , re-

tll'l'Il! to .llM al-'.lbbÜ U 'he poli, a lII8Il ot kIlow1eclp, and the rial
noce 1101' ot al-8h&4hi1f. 'nb'y re1ated, in preot of t~eir opinion,
~ l'toriea that ehowel! the ho1inesa ot AlN a1-' .l'bai. and hi. out-
at_ding,'lIiraculO1l. po....r •• One ot thele people, .l'bÜ \ 'Abel-Allah ibn
Sul'taD, a aa1nt in TÜnil _d the brothe~ ot ,M8cif ibn Sultan, (10)
• t ' • •
\
reCO\U1ta that he ha4 tvo 1IIIl&l.1 jars tu1l ot honl,. that hl wàntecl to
,
I.d to ,Abu
- in AllUlldria. BI aealecl thelll, vrote on th••
-- ~-·.lbbu\ ~ \ ';. ,

that the,. vere tor .lbIÏ al-'.l'bb&a, aDd dr~PPld thelll iJlto the le. ot
;:.: \

," '!Üil, wh_ol the,. reachecl theil" deatination in a llliraauloui adner

"
,l'..
\.
to1d 'b7 T&qüt al-Habuhl'. (11)
..
,. -'
. !he latter Aid. that he ad otherl
\
verl vith .l'k al-' .l'b'bu ODe 4q, whlD th. latter aabd. th.. ta ' \

acOOll~.,. hi. to th. Ma at a place oalle4 al-8illUah(12) ill Alu-

, .
aDdria. 1Rl.a th.,. arrivecl 'there, tlle u&1kh cU.ppecl hi. haDd into 'the
. ), . (13)'
.
:,,'
. nter anG. pul1ecl out. ~he two jara .ellt ~er 'trOll TUnia •
. "
Another '
airaouloua nor1 aa to1d bJ,
Najll - - f , (14)
&l-Din al-Iataban
•
,
1 • \ 0

a rllident ot latkah. who wu' tolcl wh1:\le 1Il -'Irlia, that he voulcl lIeet
.';.'
;,
the pol. in !Dpt. On hil W&7 ta 'Bcnrt, ,hl vu '1nteroepte4 'b1 a Il'oup'
\ ,
ot !'artara ~o tbok hill prilcmér, aca1llld hi. ot beiq a 11»1, tilcl
'\

hill up., an,d tha 'eat there diaou.eing vi th e&ch other whether t~ Idl1
1

.
him or· not. Al-IltahinI' &pat the ziipt- JDiaerab17,
. ,
not beoauae he ae
afraicl ot de.th but bee••e he had 1ett hia oountry ha;r~iD&' the
\ •

hope that he wou1cl lIeet wi th the l1l&I1 wh~ woU1cl g1ve him lmow1edp ot
, ,

.. Ood,on11 to 'tind that hla goal wou1d. not be .a'tt&1ned an'ër a11. While .

J
 -22-

• the •• ,thcrqht. vere pa••inl' back _cl forth in hi. add" he ,.av
a JUIl,

th. lUIm.r ot ~ ha_ attaoldDI it. pre,.. Tbe

.
Vith a thiok, baarcl ancl apparent clilDit,.. 00.. to hill in'
IlIA u'u,ect hi• •.,...
lnc, "Oet up, 0 'Abd.-lllih, l .. the, Olle 'JOU.. are ..et1DI." .t.ne~
.
, \ '

1Irard.., lIben al-l.tallanr r.aohlcl Ja'p't _cl wut 'to ••• "AlM al-"bb&. \

he l'eoo&Dilll.cl hi. &1 the uD who h~ =t1ad. _4 uv.el hill. (15)

So..e 1h&Jkh in Japt, oalle4 Jlub_1d. al-5anij, to14 ~ l'bD
, .
'At.' Allih th. tol10w1ng .'tor7 al30ut hi. .ea'tiD&' vi th lbÎÏ al:"
. . '

•
-
"b'ball' The
'
~ vu one Ilipt .leapinl when he had. a üe..
,

in whioh h. heard. la.eon. tall hi. to llava 41ezandria b7 a~

\ '

olnain p'ta, Bab, al-Sidrah ~ 16) _el' to pr~c.lcl' to tha tirn

oroharcl tb't l~ oa tha 18n .i4e ot th. road.. ThI1"I h. woa.lcl
tiDd. a croup ot people.
, on. of vhOll voulcl be .it'Uns. acler the , l

\ t.&11en paJJI-tr... The ~er~01I.. voio. iD the dre,'" allO

l , ' "

.1Il-
ti·••d. 8OIII'thiq about & 1lO~' Vith a oto1e iD ~t,,, '
, ,
that aoevl1' aot mto it WORJ.d. \Je uta. !he !lut lIorDiDc. al- '
1 " .
s&nij 1.n AlezaDdri~ 'b7 th. clelilDateel p.te, tound the oroh-
. , .
&1"cl on th. 1en liele ot the road. aDCl entl1'ecl i t ,to t'id a
nUilber ot people 8ittiDg ~ &
, .'
oiro1••• , Be lookecl ar~ in
..arch ot th. talleet pal.a-tr.. when on. of th. people' 114c1.r••••cl
1 \ • \ _

hi. 1&11111 that al1 the' tre •• vere tallé It wu A~ al-' AbbU
\

( ,
al"'uraf. neD
.
al-Sarrij l1'eete~ hi. ucl II&t clo~,, ,
!lM al-'Abbi~ '.
told hill abc"t hi_ ciloeàm and il1terpret.d, i t, 1&11D&' that he hi...
, ~ , \ ' ' ..
',.elt a. th. lIOaque "Dtlonecl 'bT th. lIJ8'teri01l8 voio.-. tbat ',the'
~ ~ _ ' 'l"

whoe~~_ ~ir~l.

•
oiro1...e.t hi. oompaDionl,·ancl that enterecl'the
' i , 1 ~ r

- ,
ad. aoo~ptecl th'il' oOlld.1tiOD. voulcl~, 'be ~e. 'the Ihqth -th.,. .

. "
..
enclècl b7
r;
~DB, that he ~14 'p~ al~r;;j ',~ ,vi_i~
\ , '\ \' \ \ ' ,' ~
ttiat nipt •
~ ~, ,

, ;
,, . "
 -23-

• Wh.D th. latt.r ottered towa1t torl hi. at the door ot hi. hou.e
or to leave i t open tor hiJll to, enter, AbQ al- 'lbb&. retal.e4 'aRinc
1
"\ , 1 \

\ ,
hi. to t ••p th. 400r look.4 addiDc'that .till h. would be able
to' _t.r. At boa. that Dilht, al-8arraj va1t.' for th. ~ival ot
. ' '

.
..
AlN al-' A'bbÜ wozacl.riDc the whil. h~v aDd
('

_.0. h. woul' 00II., iD.

Th, _ap••• Ii'~. 10 aoh thiJt h.' cou14 ~ot .tad ,it ~u~
he l.ft th. hOUle, vent to the
. &IOeDded th. aiDarat. aDd., wh1le, pr&J1nc thare. he lUd4eD11~
111&11110"". ~t R1bit- &l-WÜiitf, (11)
\ \ .
, ~v •
... .. \ 1

A'bU: al-'.l'b'bU\ c:'0IH t~ward.1 h11l, tloat1Dc iD the &11'_ !he ~

, .

, "

.
.... l ' _ • 1

cODCeal ~ plaoe trOll ••?" Ta whioh al-Barraj _.ver.4. "0 .ner.,.

\

l onl7 ~ h.r.'~oaR" ,
l could Dot .tand it an4 l waa frisbten.4_,,(18) .
'lb. abov~ \lÙple '~o~ie. a'bout AlKl al-'Abb&. al..lur.r M7
tin4 uplit1catiOil 1A a t Ibn 'Ata' .lllih· "'111 CODCerD1q hi.
eND tirR-.. 4011'" aballt
.
th. ~ 84 hi. cOD ••quat 'bIll.t 1D
" \

.
~

hia.
,
l~~i'i'
"
Allih NCOaIlt~
-
that, 'betor. . . .tiDg AlÜ al-'l'bbÜ,
' .
h. ,ha4, be.D ODe ot tho.. who ditbelieYed .d'évell oppo.e4 the
, . '

~, Dot OD &cocnmt ~t ~hiq that ,,:ti.latter had " 4 or

4• • , \N.t oa11 beo... Abi al- t lbb&a, ad. other. \lik. hilll, 01a1aed. .

thiap tbat th. uoteric r.Uc1~.'lav (~r ai~.)· 4.1ecl_

" '
~ . .' , ! '
Jlovner, th1Ilt!D.r' to hia.elf that a
l ' " ,
IUD ot trut}1 (.&bib al-uqq)
...... • •

, o. 0
{',
1h00001d po..... at'U'i~t •• that apok. for hi. trathtulDe•• , h. .
4eoid.4:
.
~o CO ..
).
a A_ ~-·AbbÜ. Be d.14, Uld. wh_ he h.ard 'AlN
. ' '
_ ' 1 • 1.
al-tAbbu 41aoour•• OD d.1t~.r.llt topio" hi. II'1Dd. .'beo. . . .0 /,

,d.azsle~ aDCl 'enthl'a1~ad b; hie 1IOM', that, h., 0 . . .1to 'bel1.~ :tbat
, , ' - ' ,
t ~ - -
,
\ \
'

'the ahqth aotuall7, drev upon.a locll.t' .e" ('bahr ilihr) _,of lalov-- '
led.&e~ (19) ,\ _ ". • . \ ',) ,,:, '
'-
'-
.'
, !
.
~.' , ! r. - ' " '
, "" ,- , Il !/ ~'
 , 1

•
,

A lo~·vu
,
.&1d. about th. holin... ad. . lD1r&C1ll.ou. "ver. ot
_ \ _ J )

AbU: al-' Abbas, lMt what 11&7 be ot int.r.n i. 'fo not., that th.
1
1Ih&1kh hill••lt vu Bot
, lIOd..n, in IiviBI :voio. to what h. hi•••
'
lt
- ,~. .
thouPt h. vu., JudliDl trOll hi. r.tlrlno •• to hi. lP1r1tual
atatui. he obYioull7, had. 'a tira bel1.t tha~ h. ... av.n., vi th
POl.IIb1P(20) lUld. all the' spiritual pover.,1t 'Dt&11ed. '!'hu., h.
,
1&1d. ..veral 'U.... ~hat he had nlV.r bien vl11.d. trOID 00cl \ _cl
Bi. Prolme,. (21) ad. tbat ~e
. ha4 'not IhAklD ,
h_cll 'nth &DJOD' lm,,'

th. Pr~phlt ot 004. (22) ~.r al-Shidhilt'. cl••th, AbR al-' Abb&a

_d. that he vu th. CIll,. one alive to have the, Dowl• • ('1la)'
, " '

po••••••d. 1,,. hi. Pred~~••or,(2l~ that it'ih. 11-:.n.d. MD ('ului'"

.iIle. 'au.) -
ot Ira4 lIld. SJ.I'1& m.v what 1
lq œil' hi. bI&rel, the,.

" woulcl '00lIl to. 1t "orawl1DC on",t~.~ belli•• ' (-JÜh ••1q• •4h)~24)
" .
Uld. t~t all the '~.ole. vere at' ~1. ~lpo-.l~or, &1 h. r.terred

tO·1t, lUUler hi. oarpet. (....1.1...).(25)'

- -1

\
,\ 1

- f

....
..... 1'" :

l'
Il

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J..:~

•
1- S.. h~. ,p. 11-12
• '
2- La~.11tl
. ,
- p. 11 '
• ,
~ , 1
, /

3- JU1" (~h. aoaqa. 01) ai-'A~tirrn (~h. apO'th.oa:r1•• ) wu tirn •• , l ' ,_ '

ba.11t cm ~h. ft~. ot th. ~0J1 ot .l~huaa10. àt:t~ ~h. !rab

'1Dvu10D of B&fp\. i~ took i\~1 DUI. trOll th. ad.joiD.iàC
, II&1't.~ ,

mova u .$Üq•••
&1.-' AttirIn (the Ù,rJcet ot ~he apo~h.eari •• ). 17 th.
•
,1

'bepDDiuC o.t th. 1'&t11114 1'.,iP .it ha4 'Moo•• plcl ucl ù.blQ'. The '
iD 479,1.1., (1086 1.».) 1t vu r.p&1re4 ~ 1"; al....J. B* Ua
'.l'b4:'ll1.ih ,&l-Juilr, AaIfr al..Jqiah (l.ader ot '~h.' àn1•• ) tor
al-lh&lItah &l-tlut_~1.r. SiDe. ~h_ 1~ eue to' ~11t •. cnher
,
\

11_, al-Jw' al~lIht, "814•• 1ta erlliul Od. 'ftUa ~e

len' 11;. ,
,
pnatip wha al-JdlU~'bù (th.....oza) _cl al-Ju'ù
(~h~ Pr1d.a7 Pl'IQ'V) ,_l'.'
nopp. in 1~ clur1DC ~h.' 1'.1111 ot, th.
. \

\ ~

emmI AnU'b1ù 1&p ~o' '~h. 'ti.. ot al...&:1r JIu~'_.4 1~. al~fir
Qalûü '80 rriurne4 the. to 11:. :
(I.l-IÜ'_darinaha pp. 101,190-191,220-222)
, 0

4- DuT.t, ,. 182'"
o t , , ,

, 5-' z.r al-DIA ;l".~-~'jrJt;', ila l'brihr. l'bD , ..lia al~.b·r

al-AniDI &l~aarr (620-691 .J.H. -' 1223-1291 1.D.) ... & '

taql"h (~illPra4,.t);~ in ~ in ÎJpper Bè1P,t~' 1. to é,...

.lluIMr1à, .'bec_ .~ cOllP&1œ ot .a1-8hidhl1r ud. Ul'l'ie4 hi.
~

lr-. 4.&th Il.' _~ 1Ii:th '.4l1Q al--.lbbU.

.- l "

claqhter •.lt a1. .idb~

, (SUd.ibt., P.,,) , ,' , -
~ L&~;'ltl, pl 70 .~'rid:1 pRt 2 p. 1:3, ,

.
t
,,... ' /
7-, Lat;'1tl
,
p.,'70 "
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t,
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8-, Lat; 'it; p. li,' , c- "
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La~i'~~I, ~P. ?1-~~ '<';'::-' ',' ""~~:":F;:~'

• , 9-

,
10- Se. h •••. to"aot.'8
_...

11- Se.
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her.,
(
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J' ~

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tootàO'l':4
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l ;

, l'~/'~,:? r;~~.; . y: ,,!,i::~_~~~~:\.f::-';.:,!~'l\~~r/~~,',i~~~ ~:~t{;~~~: ..;~rl)~' •• :. 1',:1~~:1::,":~ . /, M' ~11~~!( :.~ _~~,t'._"·~:~~,~t:f~ l, 1.\ . "
 ./

• thu. livinc th. DaM ot 'Bahr" ~-Sil.i1&h (th•••-....of th. ob ain )

1
, ~.
,
to that har'boQr~ BOW'ftI', popula.r tl'adJ.tion had., th." _ . uae
app1ie4 to th. l&ftvD ha.rboa.r ot ~uuclrla u _11.
- ,
1

, (Al-4*lDdariJ7lhI ,. 452)
\) " , 1 êJ

, 13- Lata'it. p. 12 , DuTail pp. 185-186

.
_ • Î ,

14- ••.1. al-DIza ·.l'bcl-&11ib Ua .~.';'.4

,
al-l.tllhiDt .. a Z'.lIiclat
- ot lakkah.. Later h. bec_ 0Il. ot th. oo.p.ioll. ot al-shMbi aDcl
. lr
ot .lbi ,al- '.lbbÜ aner, th. de.th ot ~, t1r~ ~
-, (I&t~atl pp. 575 tol~owillg "SlIUlübr. p. '115)
15- Lata'it. p., 73 , I&riait 1
1

.. pan 1 p. 521 ,
•
.
latallit' 1 p. 576 '
• al-Ird.a41 pp. 107-108
16- lib al-8idl-1b ('lb. pte ot tb. o.daI" tre.) vu on. ot fOU'
'

~ ,
\ _ "1 _ , 1

.,t•• 111 ~h. wll anOQDtiJaC'Altxu4ri.. ,Xt ~ th. ,~~tbern~-""

aDcl . . kDoVÎl b7 '''''l'al ether Il.... _~ .•• Blib &1-8U.ju- (tb.
l ' , , , '\

pt. of th. trH), BAb al-'AIIÜd (th. pt. ot th. p111ar) after ,
'-
'AIIic1 al,-Suirr tbat ~ jun _t.1d. it,--Ud ':aib ~-Jahiz. (th.
pt. of th• .,10'.) aftèr 'th. OU'&ftDa tha't'ua.cl to pu. throqh ,
it 0&rZ71Ilc apio. . . . ., at_II" thiDp.
(.l1-IabD4arinû, pp. '58,160.425,444,448) .
17-1 l1'bit
- - t . - -Y'_ -'
• al-WWt• _ ' ••t'up 'b7 Shihib al-w.u .lbu '.11
r
t
•
j "8\11'
.P1.o".'
1l1l AlM al-Pllt;a .... A_ al.-Pa41 al-tfüitt (cl. 672 .l.B. - 1273
A.».) ad. vu a
. ~ .
tor ..,till, acl ,WOI'abiP."l'l, li•• Iloll • • • •
-.tl siviJÜ, to ,
th• •&ft 'ot th., ',.a8q1lè o~ A~ al-t.lbb&a
~, ù
al-ll,r.r. ,

(ll-I~dV~J1IbI pp. ~1) ~' .

·
18- Lata'ifa p. 82 '
.. -
,
. 19- Lata'itt
· "
'\' 20- Se. he;' Chapt 'l', V. Seo.
pp. 86-87
i pp. &5 t9110v1Il,.
,. ! ~ ~\ \ ,

, ' 21~ Lata 'itl p.' 71 ,

l 6 ~ï.~1 ~ ,1 p. 520
-

•
,

,'~~ 1

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e 1 IV. '1'BI
;
SPIII'l'UAt DJCA'l'IOI OP
JJI1 AL-' ABBIs AL-iIUIsf
1
~
~,
, \

l,. , 1
, , _ &1-'lb\Ü al-hr.r ad",t have _etl' borD "0 be th. k1nA
~
1Q. .nval
t

~
{)
ot 12.01, ... wi"B••••4 to
o_t
1
l .. l~ "0

to have let .. ohUloe èO b1 vi"hou" revelJ,iq "0 hia

hi. lhaPh. ,bi al-Baua
. , .
al-8hi4h 'Uf, *0
other ho17 ••n, Jet h. 'al.o

.011.
.e_ "

Oocll,
Ilot

!,
1 \ __ \
_
\
_~.
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r
•
•
l ", l,.

! v111Cl0•• !lN al 'Abbu hi••elt hacl ftoh a protouncl te.lal ot ~a-

titu4. aDcl r. .
t·tor" h1~ ~
."
that h. alao.t alvara r.terre4 '"
hi. t.lOhiap l&11DP "0 hi'a w1"h~t' att~llnl'UUC 1Il7'hiD&' to
~ \\ \ . hiII.elt. Wh_ 011.0.' . . .oa..
"

j'
1

~., a r ......1t a~t it,

, ..." ~
--
A'bil al-'lbbil
,
_1I1IV.4 tht u . . lu hl' power to UT that-àod. or 'Bi. Pl"oph.t,

01' hè lû....lt hI4, Ri4 thi. 01' tha". .," h. al1laJ8 1porec1 hia.elt \

_cl ret.rio.cl to hi. ~ ~t ot poUt••••• (l}. Be enD ~" .0

tar ait "0 .tri.". l

hi.
'

0WIl e1.OCIIl_o. to hi. 01&111 "ha" h. wu

Civen al-shiit):Ùr t •
.
"cmàu.(2)
-, '\
Althoach "hi. attUVAle cm th. pari

ot !lM al- t l'bb&a ai." 'III iat.rpret.4 .. ail apre ••101l ot .iDe..e
cra"1",,4e.
,
,.t it ooulcl &1.0 ..". HID . . u, ..~t••pt CD hi. ~ at
••t"1zar ID uaapl. tor hi. OQllpWOD. _cl cl1.c1pl.. "0 tollo••
-
, .
ao_ver. judciBI. tro. the word.. ot :A-.N al-'l'b'bÜ 'h1...1t, .. r.port-
-
..
,..... ~--,

ed. bT IlIIt 'lti t Al,li:ll.

"
'tJi... 1. DO
.
4~lR
, ,
"bat ,al-8hidhilf oOD"ri'butecl . '

aa.oh "0 hie apultual e4uoat1OJi .. enÀ_OK 'b7- the !~lloViD. 1MP1.
·1••8011. th&t· th. "Uiht hi. ,cli~ipl;.· , ù~
, , , Olle' ;P;nclq .ve, ,.~~. t~t7' ~Dth ot th~ ~nth ot B'lI'dia.
! 'ÇI'
\ "" , J
1.', ~ ,'~,
' ~ 'J
~
,"

al-sbi4h'"1f ad Alli al- 'Ab'biJ ,lient to a rloaqu.e .à al-QaJraWÏn where l , " , t,"> 1 1

\, ~ c ~
"h.,' .,." "la••1." ~t :.ih. Deor••',(lalla"" al-q~ le lli'th. IIOm- :
~ /':: .. 1 ~ Il., l ' ,: ',' r' " 1~ ,

iIIc. àl"&~j:lr "014,!~ ,&1- t ,.-ob&. 'tut ~. "'.,.~ .,~.n the, P:ropllet
_ •• 1 :.. 1 t j ~ c ~ J ~ ' _ ~ - ,( ~ ,1 ~ ~ j ,', Y

who :.to14 hi. to ol~IA'" ~h1' olatb.a· b'0Il i.i:;U.~ '. (4.U.) ~ .0 " ,
, • ' ' / "r' :~._,-: '. ,.', -i',: >,' , .'. '-" : .' .,1 :'.:-:->".:.' r ."::."""<.: 1\'"

..
_ _2.L_ _ _ _
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'

•. ~:..._...2_._'___'_,.-.,,~
!: _ _',;.;.
'.

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, ," .).\1, •"',~'~, r': \' ~ ~",
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J
. .,' . \''~'1~'
l,'
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that h. lI1.t ree.l" Oocl '. &14 (ucl&cl), td'h ..,.r1 breath.
IIlCZU:1r1q what th. Pl'qph.~ .'lIlt 'b7' "h1. alet'h.,!,'
, ,
~-8hidh11r
vu t~lcl that CJocl hû 'bano. UPoIl ~i. n';" ,ro._ (ldalla' , , :,'
, l , :

'iDe. ,khil 'ah) • the roba of ,love (~'bbah), th. ro'be of' pori. '
(lI&'rttall),' tJi. ro'be of JUl1ticat101l (tawhlcl), th~ ro'be of faith,
_ , 4_ ' • • • _ ' ,<'

(r.... ), aIld. the robe ot nrrad..r .cl r.a1patioll (1.1_). '!'he

, 1

Proph.t th_ vat on to' upl&1Jl tut he who lov.cl Oocl, el'1Ip1..el
. \ Il

cl va. r.adJ te 11" aW&7 everl1;h11l11 that, h. who kil." Oocl l

, '

• l ,

...
~ 1
: l' , . ,
HU.tt l.~ '''mh1Dc1 that h. who prot••••el th. ..a••• ot (whbad.a) '
1 l ' , .
004 cl1el. Ilot ut. BilL- partller to' .J"'hillCl that he who
, _lieYecl
iD ,CJOCl wu Ate ~_
,
eve"hila.' a4 that' h. who nn8llclerecl . \
h1~•• lt ,to .CJocl ,1'ar'17 41.o_,eel Ria, bQt if he 41el tiao'be1 81.
\

h, woulel apoloai.' au. Qocl voulcl ace.pt ht. apolog_, Al-sbidh11r,

al vell al ~. al-'A'bb&a who vU l~~lq to h1a, thu. Wlcl,~

l'toocl 1Iba__ Oo.d. _lIlt 'b7 the Qor'Ulio YV'" Md. oleUl.' J'OU
oloth•• (_ th1~" f ....t~1rt 14/al--b4cl&tbir/4).(3)
.. ' . \ 1

AIlOther 1••1IOJi that ,'lN al- 'lb_ l'&l"Ilt ~ trOll hi. Ih&Jkh
1
, , took plaq. 11h11, the 1;110 vve ~ th_il' wq to Al,xlIDdria in

6~ 1.B~ (1244 A.D.). _, ••1iDe a .ever. t1lbtll••• ' (fI~) that he

, .
00\11cl Ilot _ar, AlM al""A'b'bÛ WBt to al-sh,id h ilr who, lI8Il.iq
- ,
1

" what hi.

A4aa
~pl.

wit~h '11. 01ID

,
wu fttteriDl. Miel,
haDd., or4.~el Bi. ~1.
J

'
It()
.
lb.... , Oocl O1.'eate4

to [~"1 bat~. hia,

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..." J "

~04p4 hi. ,1. B1.~,pal.~~, ih8ll fuall,7,~~t~~\~~OWIl,to ,

earth,D01 to d.epa4ef,.mqta)h1a
~
iD 1D7 vq, . .t
~ , \ • j 1. J
'0
' .
oOllpl.te _cl '
' _
1
p.rt.ct ()'Uk' .el) hi.......11 before, 'lclaIa".:,'~.at1~Il,'Oocl h&4 '

'.'
l ' '
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, J <, !~', ,"

alr.~ .broqbt' hia cloWll to earth whell B' laicl that Be would.
~ , : \ , .. J~' \,' 1 ~ \ ~... ~'

_ have .. ~c.r07 .&rih, (I~~' ':l~ ,Jcha~~~~~_ 1

"
011 ji t il\ID' fi',
l ' ' " ,

2/al-Ba4arah/30). Sillo. 004 414 1I0t, ~q, "hat th~ V1o'ero~ 1IO\11el
1 -: _, ' , " ).
J
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j

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I,

l l ,~ " .. , 1 ~,' T' \

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• be 1D th. Ü1 or 1Ja parati .. , thaD ÜM'a cl.8Oent to

'\ y
.arth
ODe ot tiPit,. (briaah) _4 Den ot 4.Îra4atlon (ihAUh). WheD
J , •
vu

.&4.. wu n111 ~ p~&cl1a., h. tIOrlhipp.4 CJo4 ~1,. D,. i4.nt1t1-

oat101l (ta'rrth theretOl"e Go4

1
"0\1&11" hi. ~ to • ..nh ",0
vorllh1p na thl'oqh 1apo8it1on (tatlrt), lad. *. th. tvo tora. 1 • J
ot ~r8h1P , ~ 1
. ' . _',
..
,li. (tulD41nab)_re Mt111e4 1Îl hilll, he
~ 1 ... ,

d••ene4 to ..,. a vio.rol (khalrtah). III your 0 ..... 10U too"

hariDI a ~ar. rro• .&du, had. 1W1' bel1DJ'l111g 111 th. 81Q' ot th.
ap1r1t (al.-rÜh) iD the paradJ. •• of 14.t11'1.oat10D (ta'rrt)',
•
_cl th_ J'OU vere broqbt clOVA tO the .arth ot the .où (al-
uta) to vorllh1p CJo4 thrOUCh 111p0.1t101l (taJclrt). Whell the tvo
tora. ot :wor~p aa4' alaver7 ('ubd1nü) ar~ fIl1til1.cl iD JOu,
,ou will th. cl...rve to be ~ '~oer07 Or ft~cea.or (kha!rtah')~4)
- 1

, 1 1 l ,

On. ot the 1•••0il. that AbÜ al-"'bbi. 1e&n1t' trOll -

hi. 'ah&1kb 1
1

111&7 'be o.alclerecl _ iapol"tant directive aiDo. it Mt . "h.il'

att1 tucl. towarcla ~

1
pol.'. attire, aD att1 tucle that 41:ttered fro.
maQ7 other Mualia ~ic •• (5)!h1. 1e••oll ~.sul'tecl troa a de.ire
- -
that ,bR &1-' Abbu oDe. had. of eatue rouch to~ ancl wear111g ~
roup oloth••• Wh.1l al-8hidh1-1r'knell ot it, he.. t01d A'bii· al-tAb'bia
1 .- \

to DO" Cod, _4 tha to be .at h. lit.cl to be. Koreov.r. al-~

.h .
shi4h11It a ~ev vaa that veariDg l'01lCh oloth.~ 'NOUlcl De _ atteap't
cm th. wearer·. pari to . . . hi. . .cret azul path iD lite moVll to
.v.r1ODe, which o~atitutecl .c)... fora ot diahonelJt7.: udf untruth-
fIllD.... III ~.PiDC w1th the ••e t~encl of 'tllOlllht. al-8hÙhilr

•
u.ecl ,to ut Alli al-'Ab'bia to '0001 the _t.r 'bafore clr~e it,
for if he t~. Gocl anar clriDkiDg V&l"II nter, Il't woulcl 'be doiDg
.0 vith aver.iOll, wh11., if he thaü_cl CJocl aner c1riDkiDe cool
-
.ter. ever7 Ol'pD 1n hilD l(011l.d 'be r.IlpOllding vith thanktuln•••
'. (6) 1 - • •

, to 004.
 , '

•
,,

A.bIÏ al-' .bb&. r.o.i vecl hi. lall't 1•••on iD 656 .l.B. (1258 A.D.) 1
,
juri 'lMtor. al-sha4bi1I ti.cl. Th. tllO, who ver. acoOllpaD1ecl 1»7
.enral oth.r., ~N OD th.1r VI.7 to perton th. hol)" pi1sri..,..
A.i a aull toa O~l.cl AthaI'~(1), &1~Ïdbilr to14 .llai al."Abb&.
.
about a dr... that h. ha4. lt ..... that the ah~ v.ut that

h. vu 1&11iDC OD board. a ,11&11-1••• boat (~lbah(8»vhtll,

•
a 111:01'11
b1,."'.4 th.l ver. about to a1Dk. Al-sbidM1I th.D went to the'
I
, aiel. ot the 'boat Ulcl addr ••••el th. ..a lI&11uc th&t if i t had bem
• 1 Il 1 \ 1

ord.r.el ta h.ar U4 OM7 hi.. th_ th. crac. (1I1IlJlah)' VO\llcl be,
,
004'., _t if it ha4 ,be_ orel.tee! oth.~ •• , th.1l th~ verdict
, .
(al-huJca) voulcl al,o be Ood.' •• Ravine utter.cl th••• vor4., th•
•
aha1kh b.ard. th. lU U7. "Obedi.no., obecl1elloe (al-ta'ah)." '
•
J.ft4tr r.latiDC thi. cb-... to
,

Jo.
- 1 _

al-'Ab'bill, ,,.h. croup trave11.el

e:ti1 . the cl...rt ot
th.,. l'8achecl '~b(9) vhere àl-shidhi1f cl1ed.
,

Po1101l1JS&' th. barial ot 1h. ahaP:h, ..:tRI al-'Abbu lIUi th. other. ~
, "\

- \
-
r . . . .el th.ir jOlU'll.7 ftelLtul17 10 board & n&11-1 ••• boat (~u1bah). '
"

W)ù1e in lIi~a, a 1
nora b1." ad the boat- wu about to 1
llink~
\
- J
,

a.....bering the 1e.aon h. 1.nt tr,oa al-shidhtlr, AbÜ al-'A'bb&.

ad.dr ....~ th. Ma . . hi. 1Ih&1kh ha4 clone iJl hi. dr. . . vith th.

renl'\ that th. . . . quiet.el do_. (10) 1

\ ,
1••1IOIl. _cl l'l1clazLe. to hia di.oip1., acl lat.r hie BUCoe.sor, lbll
1 ~ J ..

, 1

al-' Abb&., ...... tu have cODtri 'tnlted, IIUOh towarcl. the preparation
gel ec1uçat10D ot th. latt.r. Bovever, ther. vu another e1••ent'

.'
that llUat have p1apel _ equal11111portut l'ole iD the tonatioD
of ~'bÏ &1-"'bbÜ'. thoqht. !hi. vu ,u:,the tOril' ot specifie 'booka
. "

vh1ch, aB uplaiDecl ,ae10v, vere ~t .,.01&1 trP0"~ce to al-Bhiahilr .

ael Ah al-''bbis. .
\ , "II!I'o,.
Olle, ot th. 'lIOn iaportmt ot ,~b••e, 'boota ••_ to have .eD
 -31-
1 ~ ,
"f1V, ( )

r ....on
. wh,. thi. 'book ,
l'
Dat. al-avli,.a' (Th•••al ot .œt.) bl al-'l'1ra1dhf. 11 The
tait.. tO be
lie fcnmcl iD th. op1ll1oll ot al-8hi4hi1f ad. AbÜ
ot apecial .ipifio8Z1C• .,.
41-'Abbi. about th.
1

. ":thor ot th. book aDd. al.o iD th. oircun_o.. iD lihioh th. book
d
vu II8Ilt;ozaecl. '!'h. tvo 1IIla1th. ha4 a h1&b opiniOll ot al-'l1rll1d.hf
, , ' , (12)
who" thel gloria.d Md. who.. warcla ••t vith th.ir tUllaoc.pt_ce,
mcl the book tt.elf va. onen read. &11cl di.ou•••cl ill al.:.sh8dh1lf'a
,
pther1np. The cirCUlet_O•• tbat aocOllp_ied. the _.t1on ot the
book .... alao to have be~ at.ndecl to eaphaeize the Ipiritual
value ot the book, _cl to relate it to the ep1ritual1'tl ot AlM &l-

'Ab. . . 'l'b. nor7 CO'. that on. ot al-sb8dhilr'. oapu1oD., a

.
oeMain J.1M al-Haun ~-Jarrrr,
'
vu vith the BhaJkh _d other. in
,
Alexudr1a who lhat_ al...,,117&' ".. being re.a to all, tho.e
pr.au.t. Al-.Tarrrf look.cl aroaDd. ad DOt10.'" th&1i 'there,.. 8O.e-
on. th.~e Who hall D.ither been vith the ren ot th_ wha th.7 had 1
~
1 : '
be.D OÏL their .,. up to th. . . .tiDe, DOl' ha4 he bea vith &l-
I l '
Shi.cuù11 wh_ the7 &l"1"1ved. Ther.tore, h. turued to hi. D.1pbour 1l
who lZLewer.el hi. inquir7 about th. 11&11 that. there vu 110 ODe there
othe~ t~ the ua.al croup Who vve al1 lcDoVD to al-Jart'rr. Re~-
1siDg that hi. D.ipbour clic! ÎlOt actuall1 ••e the .aD iD qU.atiOD.
al-Jarrrf 1I&1t8d unt11 the gather1ng cliaper.ed.' and ftIlt 'Vith hi.
1nqu1n '\0 &l-shidhilI who lD. .reel

'o. .e eTVl Digbt 'to atted the cliaOU8810nl ad returned the ....
that it wu J.bQ al-'Abb&a .0
D1Ih'\ to C~O. (13-) Ifbe iDference that .1gbt be clraWlJ! rro. thia
nor,.1. that A~ al-'Aboi. attend.ci the .e.t1np e1ther iD spirit, .-
·8 01'
' "
in ao.. other .gr.cUloua tOl'll, ~cl that the book of al-TirllidlÜ
'

ailht have bea ot .,.oial spir1tu&! .ipiftcac. to hia.

'!'h. other ~ok of illporluce to be aent101lecl,
, ,aca11l beoàu•• of
,
, ,

4 E
 -32-

the cirOWInance. nrroWuu.DI 1t, i. ntab al-MaÜq1t b,. al":

littarrl l4 ) It ••••• that &l-.~bilr va. ollce in.Cairo at th.
r.nd_oe ot & o.naiA al-zatI al-Barraj _d .ORODe wu rea4inc

to th.. al"'ittarr·. book. Wha ...bii al-· ...bbU &!'t'ived al-shictbilr

iDVitecl h1a ta jOu in th. diaou ••ioll ~, "Spaak, .,. BOIl,

ap.ü, cd 10U vill 'nevar nop at'terWard..l" AbU: al-· ...bb&a A78
that at that 1D0aellt he ~ glvasi ~he tempe ot the 8h&ykh. (15)
o

A' third book that Rat have beu ot ao... iDtlllenoe on A~

al-'Abb&a 1. Qit al-Qulub by al-KakJd',(16)tor thel ah&1kh u.ed to

S8J', qllO'uDI,al-sbidhilr, that there vu IlCllri~t (qit) in th.
boo~ and tbat people; ,acquired lipt (nür) tro. i t. ( 17) r-'

'!!l. thre. bOoka IIleJ1tioned abov~ vere not th. only one. that
,,. al-' Abb&- raid or r.terred to, but trOll the way they vere
tied. vith aertain hAppenings or siven special attèntion, one 111&7
\

~ 0

ot . . . intluenoe CID. hia thoqht. Aaide trOll tbat, reteruce ahould

be ada to' a
ù
certain book, ~.e. al-Ri '&,.ah by al-HArith al-lluhiaibr<18)
• •

1Ihich J.bIl al-' ,bb&. said couid be ~ized ill tvo point 81 . the

tirai ~ ta yorllhip Oocl with knowled.p ('ilm), and the second

Dever to he _ti.tiad vith oD...lt. S. even went 110 tar U Dot to
allov IlB "ti' .Allah to re-rea4 th. 'book. (19) 'lbe r ...on vh7 ,lN:
• , \

al-· ...'bb&. a40ptecl tbie attitude i8 Aot 01.&1" ..., he otter.d

,
DO

uplmation
peraiasiOD. llOveftr,
01"

011.
.
jutifioation to l'bD 'A.ta- .I.llih tor withholding
. hi.
or tlfO reterenoe. Mde b7 hi. to al-a&rith •
•

, opinion ot
. hi.. 'or
'.
a1-Kuhül:~r, llight indicate that .lbÜ al-t.l'bb&s
'
di4 not hold
.-.ple, when 8011eone triecl to t.ai hi. by
& hi&b

-
otteriDe hia . . . to04 to .at, h. turnecl &11&7 trOll i t lI&7iDc tut

whl1. al-!fi"th ,ha4 iD hi~ !'fnger ODe "in that .•~d

\ ,
,
when h.
 -1
-33- "
1. ,J,
) .. l"~

e etrètohed out hi- luuld 'tor llUapioioua tood, he hia.e~t had lii%t1
" \

veine that ~1I:w.d in the .... oirO\Ul..t~oe.;(20) 'ftla.t one vein ot

al-KuhÜibr'., aooordiq to AbU &l-'Aàb&a, wu ·lleo•• Nr1.'tor hia, .
• 0 '
. ' "

tor he had to have .011. v&7 that indicated" to hill. what wu ript"
ad. he waa Ilot ooaaplete11"puritied trQII the .~l (nafa)
wr'ong ...
. - \ (21) ,
and worldl1 de.iree and telldelloie. (hava), 8Ild thue oould Ilot
be talcen ~ ~ ~ple (qudwah)
.
to be rOllond.·br
.
t~e people.(22)

...

! ..

1 o
D

•r ,. .. t

'~

.
, "

..
O·'· ..
"

. \ ,#q

t. -

/
\ .
,. . ,
 -34-

• , Su'rcrl pari 2 p. 13

2- Lata'it:.p. 67 Sha'rcr: part 2 'p. 13

•
A S.e here p. 32
3- Lata'it: p. 56 1la1"rat: p. 121
• •
. Rawdl p. 302 lIatah&t: p. 568
• •
, Durrat: p. ,135
;- See here pp. 72-r3
.'"
, \ \
7- AkhaIIi or Ikbaf. ia~ ODe ot 1:h. olclen to._ ot Upper J:gp1:. It
vu ~ce tU01l. tOI' t'ta COlL~rucrtiOD. ad for th. u.iic prao't1ce. 1

ot u. people • .lt pre. .t 1:t 1a lœ.ovn on1, .. Akb-t-,. haa l4at

~ , ( , t 1

alaon al1 11:. ~ tue cd glor7. uul hall 'baaae jun a ..al1
to_ ot ~o ç.q1al irlponance. 0
,'"
i" •
(.ll-lhutat: part.1 .pp. 386-381) ,
••
8- .ll-J~bù ... a aailiDc boat that . . aonnracteci of 'boucla af
woocl1:1ed. 'topther v1th 'tvine fit. th. ,fibr •• ot COOODU't u ••••
.o.wla vere 'IlMel iD 1t. oOllatruct101l ad. 1t cOIlRi-nted a cr.at
,

'.

•
'" -' ' \
\', ,
 \..

~. vu a lI'eat ~ ah~
- iD
.
bec.a. ,ot hi. attitude towarcl. wi1iJah (wnt8Mp) ancl
lhurüiD. H. vu ~led trOll '1'1%'11idb

DU.Wall. (pX'ophe07). Be ~ote " lI&D7 book. lno1ud.iD«

. tho.e" on
trad.1tion••
(Qu..u,d'a p. ')8 , ~..rl pp. 217-220 ,
. Al-Eavikibl part 2 pp. <l45-!46 '4; Al-A 'wu part 7 pp. 156-157)
12- Latatlfl p~'77
• o

13- Latatitl p.85 -

• •
·
14- Mull.-.d ibll 'Abel al-Jabb&r al-llittarr (4th OGt. A.Il. -'
11th O.". 1.D.) vu one ot the _eat nt! ...ter.. le i. ben
~
' \

.'
mo_ u the _thOl" ot the book'
\ \
ot .u.....~t (.tation.).
\ (Sh&'rid'c part 1 pp. 175-176 , - ü-bvâkib. part 2 p. 53) ,
.f Sba'riDrl part 2.p. 13

., '.. ..
\ , 1-
16- AlM ,ilib Jluhe-.d UII1 .'Alr il. 'Atinah al-BiritJd' al-llektr
(cl. 386 A.B. _. 996 A.D.)
\ . . . lIA laCetio ael a taqi'h (juI'içra.elat).
Be trave11ecl troaa hi a hou in al-Jabal and. cot hia
(Al-A.'lu, pari 7 pp. 159-160)
\

t._ iD M.kM.

17- t.ta'itl P.
•
7T
18-o 'AliD: •Abd.-Al1ah al-a&rith -i la &l-llul:1.Üi br (d. 243' A.I. - "ad
\ . '

857 A.D.) vu a l1'eat

•

who "'"' born il1 Balll".ah azul diecl in

-
Bach4i4. Bi. fath~ 1en hia a 1. .,. ~ ot IIOl1e,. vhioh he refll••cl
..ri" .
ev.n to t01loh and. 41ecl a poor IlIA. On. ot hia poeaten- booka ia,
ntab al-R1'iyah 1i-BuciWr 'Al1ib..
( Qgeh.f.
......
pp~ 20-21
. " Su1~: pp. ~ •
Sha 'riDr 1 pari 1 p. 64 , Al~bl part 1 pp. _218-219
.ll-A t 1ÜaJ part 2 pp. 153-~54) q\
,

Sh& triDI 1 pari 2 p. 18

'Sh& 'riDr: part 2 p. li!

,\.,'
.~, part ,2 p. 3?3·

,'\
.
.atlh&tt
, P. 512
. . " .
l '
1 21-. LI.:~,tii. pp~ ~5-136 ,\ . /" . '\ .

~2": L.a~~tits '. P. 1~~' " '\\~ ,? .. '" ~~~~i.ül,. ~, ~ 'p. 15

l'"~ ~', ,r~~~r"~(,, ;:;. t.'" ~
1 ~ l ,~ t.,~ ,."" / 1- 'II " , 1 '1- ! , .' ~, • f

, ~ : " ~ '. ~ ;.'. .,' • ~ ;_ • ~~ "J ~ I.:_~l , 1 ~ .. .,.

\
 -36- .

•
\"

v. SOD ASPlIC'l'S OP AiIl AL- t mis ,AL-IIUllsf' s '

IYS'1'ICAL sue

'-----.... /
r

. ,

(Avliz!' UA v:Lliph)
v.
o
'\l. ~ ..

The cODcept ot, A:l.Dthoocl (wiliyü) iD

.- ' t>
atl thoaPt
• .,
hu
, 'IL •
be_ cUlCUl.e4 . . th.ori.ed. UpOI...~: lIAIl7 well-aCNII. rqwtio. 1

• l ' ~ ,:1'--- . . ' "

ot cUtt.rut natiouliti~.. 111 ''fil th. oOllter llPO~ 'the JIu.11a
.1

a.1Dt. np8:rutval power. qc:l &8cribe to the. a vari.ty· ot 1

lliracl•• vh:I.oh tall, acoor4iD« to llDU 00lùih.r qUcrU:DI Xu-

( ,
li. halio1ctB1ne, :ln tveDtl oatelO1"i•• that acluc:le t1nc:linc-
" ,
\ .
lon objeot., proclaoul the ch. . ot the t'cv .....on. iD the
. lIP&Il ot- a --.lI h~, oh~ ~1c:l to blood, cœtroll~ wilc:l
uill&l. _d. r1~ 01& 11011., hav1Dg \he .arth tO,lel up tor th_,
- \ '

.
the abilit7 to t . . on var1ou.· shap•• , to spe. 1IIUl7 laDSUP8,
to tl,. in the &tr, Md. to 1D0ve aountaiD•• At the head ot theH
oat.80ri•• , ~h. . . .e source. al.o c1ai., t~••e WDt. have the
power to br~ th. cl.ad. back to lite. ( 1 ) .
. , ,

. ot .l~
Detere revieviq the iel8&8/ .1-'A'bb&.
. al-llur.r about
niDt. 'U1d. n1llth~04, 1t 11&7 'be ot ,1Dt81'ell't
\ . to r.peat lier."
,
*at \

Oolùiher' sap, that al1ihouch Ain1i1 are .ent1œec11D· ••veral

p1ao.. ot the Qor ria as preteneel by Cod to al1 ~her., pt ' 1
o \ ~~~ ~

•
noth1Dg iDclioate.
. that they .r. "
aD,. 'm1Ch1iier thlD thé ether
\ ' '

_uIli•• _11e the,. ar. 81;'111 aaonpt the 11viD1. (2) Bven JIuh~,
" , -' - - , \ . '.

'\. "
1
, , , " " '
,\
, . . ,,"
" : ~.. \ t ~ \.
" .. f ... ,\ •
. - '" ~ \
 '.
-37-

•
l '

. Rat, a ••orial, ucl ... tv.ll ot pu.ion .. othw _., to the

, • 1
1 \
.;j . , \
ut.t that he 1I01'u4 no miracle., ha4 no at1ouenoè ou _tUl"e.
aDd 414 nOt kIlo,,' ...t ~. hi44n' (al-ch&1b), u4 when uJcecl to
1101'11: Idracl•• h. bad. lN.t one u8Vl1'11 ".III 1 Ul7'hiDC bu.t a . . ,
an enV07'"(3)
1 •

'l'he qu.nion J1aturally &t1... &8 to what acnual1y prodUoecl

\

thi. dranic ohanp ot attitucle ot Kual1ma towa:r4a their Kinta.

\ .1ooorting to 001cls1hw. the~e wu _ch an 1Dn1'1IOUJ:lta~le 'l' b&n'1.r

1\
.'P&r..~11lfr Ood
.e41a~Ol'. ~t_~
tr" &DaZl~1D
th.. ancl the oE1pot.t Ooah.ad. (~) lownr,
ear17 I.1u, (4) that bel1ever. D.ecl.cl 1 1.

the.e -.diator., i.e. laillt., ooulcl not be vorker. ot II1racle.

.. ri thout t~e hipeet ..tiator
\ .
po~....1DC
,. . , , 1·
ot all, i... lü_Id t
, ,

even Il'eater _pvJ1&~al pever.. lello. t th. do~tl'iIle ot pro-

l , ' . ' <' '-.

pheof (DU_wah) in Ialu vu d...loped acl the Prophet wu

1
plaèe4 a~e th. ,ord'" ot ù.Urt •• (6) lIaD7 ~aclea ,.:. attrilRlted
1
1
1 "
to hila an.. hil cleath, aa4 eva 4v1Dc hi. lite he vu ola1MCl to
ha.... hacl lœo"l~ "ot "'t 1. hidcl_ (al-cb&7b)',
.
(7) iIl .,1t. ot
\

the Proph.t 'a rep.at.cl'~cl.n1al ot· t'iu •• (8)

'.)

"

Whatevir th. r ....on ~ proph,07 (1l11_wah)' Del RiDthood

. ~
\
\ \ ~ 1

(v11&,ah.) 0'" to bé clootriD•• iD. I.1wo thoqhi uél' bel1'~t,

'th. tact r..àtu. that th., hav. beoOll• •0 wll-eatab11'mecl,"
\ . , t "'\

,.,,01al17 .... 1Iu.1i. 1Q'8t10., tbAt theu Yalicl1t7 1* tar le •• ,

\
if at al1, 411101&••ed ~ th, relationehip
,
tha~ pre....b171 UlCl ..
, 1

n,o'.'&1'ilt uina
. Ht_c th.lI. It 11&1 be', , ~.l,vu.t -.t thia point ~ ~., ( \

-,
'to r,ter- to al-Baktm al.Jl'1rllidhr'a ooncepi a4 expl• •tiOJl' 'ot
\ . . . . ' a
~' ~ . '.

~roph,c7 acl_l&1a~~~041 ~._hia~book'~tm·al-A~li';·_ ~

, l" '. '
am.
ot the lI&iA "ut '\OOü-,~a.cl, b7 AlaÏ al-'Abb&.. al~.r ~cl 'hla
J ' JI"

, , \ l, ~ , ' , , ~ 1
~ ~ ,~ ,

\,' '" '- " . ,/ "

, '
-
.. . , ,
) ~"

l,;1
 '. \ ,
\

•• pred.ol ••or A_ ".l-BUIIl al-ShiÜ.i1r U a

\

ot 'Iclucati~ _4 ..1480. tOI', th.ir t~llo_r •• !h. tvo ShÏ4hllI· ,

. ' \
r.t.r_o~ IIlcl HUl. '
\ '..

1Ihqkhl, acoOl'dJ.Dc to Ilfl' 'Ata' Alliat. u'tollecl al-'1'1ra14hI ad.

• •
'h.lel hi. WON. 1A ,r.a~ .n••• (~) ~ \,
To al-'l'1rlliclhI, propblo~ il thl lCDJ..leq. ('ila) ot uplin-,
iD, thl ail lDCl mow1.Dc th. . .cret.
, '
ot vha~ i. hiclcla (al-sha1b);
\
" ,
1~ 1~ the pll1ltratiq iD~~sht, f\motlollin, '07 Qo4 t l all~ooa-

P"IWl,ll~~, 1A~0 oono~ale4 ,\hiDp,(lO) lt 1~ th. çleoh

\
(~~)

.
1~ a aplrlt (rüh) tro. . 004, acl 1D thi ........ beOOllI. ~ll1P..atlY1

to 'bI bellevlel 1Jl. tOI' lt. 1'1 j.o'\1011. li a r.~eo'tiOJl ot Oocl'I vorcl
\ 1
••
,
, ,
IIlcl h. who clOI' '0' 1. a h..etl0. (11) BoWftr, th. propheol-ot

.
JhIh'.lct, aooorc11.... to t);ll ÜQkIl. 18 titter_t ' tra
prloed1Jlè prophnl in that' Ood. __ 'Icl al1' the part. ot proplalo7 .
,
th&~ ot the

. - " \

, tor 1I1ah.-ec', llad.1 hi. h.art a oontainer tOI' 1t, lDCl nuapt4 1t
• 1

- vith Bi. . .al. (12)

p

,'AI tOI' D1D.thood, al.Jl'11'111clhl" ~ttll'8Dtiatl' betw_ lt u.4

\ ..- - ~-..,..
prophlol '07 lliat~1 that in thl tirn OUI CJod. oontrol. the AiDt '.

.
, .

voN.. (ha4lth) à10h 'rlpre••t 1dlate'ler 1. reve&lecl ot CIocl'. kIlow-

~

1.,. 1
~

to that :partlcalar ..mt. , A I&1Dt

,
- ~

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~ be Civen Olle tJ111tc1 ot
-

thl proph.01 or OILI ~f,ot

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lt, 'aacl
,
.oner~re~l9t., the worcl. .of ;

- '" ' J ' ... i

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a aa1I1t ia ...o~ OOAl1clered. a herétio~ 'U 1... th. OUI ot' rejèc~1AC.
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.
thl PÎ'opbet 1 j
t. •

titan.ai,to hu.,.(~)'
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apI'oh, ba.t hl U7 'fa4.1 iD lite' aDd.

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hi. ,r,j.ctiOll
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1 t ~ ",' '... \ ~'I c ~ • ~~ - \: <. \ ,', 1 \ ~ \

- .- , ,: .·-:t,bi.. al-'.tbbU _4 'hi •.diaciple Il111.·' ·.l~i' Alliai •••• to luWe ',"

• 'j.'

_~h~O~
,
J/~,:,"';t:·:

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.uu,.
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tePt 010.~17"a4 t&1thM17 to thl'oÔllc.Pt':.'-,ot,~~clhI";aliout-,
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l&iA~b~'''~ tbt,-'''h.,.ftret i.;,\~.1~.'\1D4 t,.:,;.h.!~

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~~~ _ ... : ) ~~l. t~,'!-\'"- ..... ~: \ ,~-!~\ ~~J;;(~~J",:~7~~~(~IJ(J'A~;~~i'~±:':'4 ~~.'~J(\~!/:!'-'\J~,11l·~i! "\~ ,~t!"~,f.}...,\,, /,1:Ç.::/~"j.~~ ~'1!/, :('tl 0,"1," 1.. .::r. . . ~1·''l~ ~!, /r- t ,'~\"
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IOVO'
•
ot th••10• •Ob 1. oal7 a ~Io'\1OD ot prophe07. 'l'b...:- '
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, . . " " "

,1 , ',_ ~tor., _ ftIul A~ a1-'~b" ~4.lla 'A~i' Allah ~ tba'" th~

, ' , , ' """""-
l1Cb,t ot· MiAthoocl bu 1t. 'aotul ...,. ia, uul ... n.ot.,' th. ~

.
1 . , l

• r" ,

l1lht ot Pl'opheo1, t.ld.oh the7 alao oall the 1Iù•••du rea11"7

"
1 ~ ,

<.al~qû al-lla!',·tinah). lA th. IUt . . . . . . . "h' 1aIl'~ .

/ ' ,

lich' i. &1wp 1Ih:1n1DC, whnh.. 4U.~11 'b1 4q

.... (
01' bJ 'be1q
1

...t1~ot.4 117 th. _011 'at Dipt" the M1D"I'

"
111h"
. 1. ooattauou
-u4 P'l"1IUut ..
,
arelNI" ot, "h. ~~e ot '1Iù._e4 1. l1pt. (14)
_ ' , . - , 1

Th... A1Dt~ M7 • oODa14.r~ &1

1
th. h.1r., lA pari, 'ot thl
l ' \

Prophn an .. 80'" ~ath 'Qoc1 w111e4' '1" th&~ th.i~'1Ib.0I&l4 tollo. '
~ 1 1 •
C

10 that n ........ ,lIi&ht . . . . ....,.~ -cà".arih~ (~5) IqWy~~

• " 1

\ \-, l '" \

th. cütter-.oe, . , . _ ,,,~, PJooph." - ' th. aaüat. 1. that th.

tir.. oalle4 "»Cm.

(
,
the people Vith 1I1111h" alo th. whol.
, ," - '' ~
1,
~ - \ 1

...ace -

Cl'
,
111 ••1011 (al-r1.&1.. -&1~.llb), wb11e th.'\
latt.r.
. -oall llpoD
 ____ ~ _____ ~----"-- -0-'-"'"

1 1......:. ... ~ r ,~ 'f - , ' .1 re , \, '"''

,.. ,,-40-
, ,

• - th. ooDtr01 ot IlO

God. (18)
~"~1'lI ~ powv, 01' viil ezo.pIt
,

III tht.' . . . . , ~ ~ II&1n'\, 40.. ll~t

d••th lN" acnul1, wloOMa it, tor "' 11.,1, . . .a ••ttAc the
\ t ~

ha,.
tbai ot
oZ' te~'

OA. h. lona. De.th ~ th~ 'lM .~~a:l.ùrecl

,
.. the ~oat mt.i..
t.n tOI' th. ,.-U10.t:LOD ot th. t,NthfUlU.a of • IAiDt who,
a_ ct••th :1.. o~en4, '0 hi., ~ 1000Ipt :1.t 01' rej.ot :Lt thu. \ '

rena11nC th. tNth â'b01a.t b.1~ u.:1ntho04. ü-sbidh11r

, " ,
bu,. hi.
Op:l.ll:l.OD UpOll the Qor 'wo V~•• ' tbat 11&111 -~ , ; ~ alladhl'u
, '1

l1ictü Ua la -• • ' aimù:aa aw11Ji'~ U-Allilu 1I1Il,4iD:I. al.:.cÜ1 t ....

ta'nna" .l~~. h laUltua :~:l.d'U (62/al-J1UI'ah/6)~19) "-
, .. \ l ' ' ~

l
Althoqh the .boY.....·Uon.ct t.n lIq,enable'co.on be-
, - , , - . . .

, "
- .1:1....1'.' to -reniai th. ,"lace ot • "lAiDt . .oac ,th•• , ;ret th.
. .
/'
n"tv. ot u1Ilthoocl r,....ua
"
& Nor." that Clocl al.~~
taon. ~'bIl

.
'Àta'All&h ÙplalB.
,

"hi. b7 U7:f.DC tbat

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'

,
.
,OU'
.
teçoral vorlct :l.a
,
Il~t & 1IOrih1 plac. for th. 1-...1&t10Îl of
,
_oh & ••or.t. '!hv.tor., ,

. \
&1. ~10a4. aN a8O.'1I&I'1 tœ th. . . , u a .'""1 ,1., a.~.!1tU7 fOl'
_aut" . . . ,tl'UlUH' hM to, lM -.ne4" ad . . . .oret hM to,
iF ~,' ~ " '

l,
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1
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to &1"'lttU'r~ 004 ad.d.r•••-i M. ~DC. ".~~.:tt l tru.torllecl
Il

J9U lDto a 8&1At17 .lar•••••• ·(21) ~ch ~'aD' that lt 1. act~

1

.
ul17' CJocl who .... OD. '~
'
_Ilt. ID a 1IOl'~ ~llcit W&1. &1.- '
ftl"ll1dhr' polDt. O1&t\ that U _~er _at t".(22)·th. AiDt '
belollP, tc~ lt 1. 'Gocl '.0 ..... h1II
- lVa .~f. 'th.
on.', (23)' Mel
,
.
'beUIV.r 'lZ.rt. hl••• lt Ûl CJocl '. vap iD ord.r to ûtain & lenl
ot ~a\hOocllh. will a"'.r -'oe able to 4~ ~\ ~4 vill have to
IÙ1t hi. cOIIpl.te iDa'bilitl ~,oODfIluOB betOre' 004 !nterter••
Ul4 llÜ:e~ ~i. ,a AiJat. (24~ .lli~4 a1~uilI,' in. r.t..r~
to th• .ad" VIP. "..1'0 ~ tha~. althcqtl."'..q elo U.
.
. . . . . . ' \ : - l' \

'
.tllOn to PV~f7 lü..elt aDd M. h.ari. ,.t he ~ OBll att&iD

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a' atate ot rea41D•••
",11 have to
'"
to r.c.i".
watt 'tor utii CIod. OrdaiD~ hè reo.i~.
.
004'. aerc7 (rahaah)
it or
which h,

llot~(25)
,.
..~----' 1 • ~

. vith thi...... tl'eacl o~. thoqh't ve t1Ilcl Ila 'Ati'

In k••piDC
, '

-
Allih aD4 hi. ~
"
.ppenin, tJi.' ri.v, ~hat i t i. iJl
0
tact'
-
ao4 that . . . . .e .. IlaiAt. ''!taeT nae 'lI;ât ,in .0.. oue., ,u.1Dt~_

): have ~o t~lI4 .. loq path ot ••U "".,..J..tlOD, ~ch 1DO~~'.

Vitllclrawal ,trOll th, people, 'reùiD1DC wi-th 004, cODoealiq tJi.ir
.
1

- 1

. 4• • ( .. 'ail) ud/ lRat~. (ab_l)" .n~'bl~lIhiDl th,lr ucetici.

, .'
(Rhd), ad pr...ntDC 'th••00000e•• 'ot' thelr·:h~. 1Jl ol'd.er '
" 1 , ~ .
1-

to .mun. ~il&tiaà.· (tami·') ~ to' allo" OODtb..~i=

.~' .
(~)
to tûe 11014. Pollow1llè t~.· pHp1'&"~ .,11"1tual jOQrD'l :th..t-

Il
 --------------,------
,f
~,

-42- 1
1

• that
BeoOlainc a lI&i~t, iD 'th.: tillai ~7.i.~ i. th.retore a "
Itep that onll 00cl will. u4 t •••• HOlNver, the. are tvo ..thocl.,
1

QQcl r ••ort. to in takiq thi. ri.pl OD.

1{. 1 ~/'

il tbat
\

He wa1t.
\ '
UJltil Hi., Pl"oapeotiv. u.int hu ooverecl, the lcme &reluou. path
antioDed. alloye batore Be t ••• hi. to Hill to oOllter upon hi.
, 1

the ~n ot aa1nthood, u4 the other i. that B. t ••• th. 'beliw81", '"

or Bil OWll Vill and. oboiee, 41Jltotll to Hill Vithout va1tiq unt11
\ ' , '"
be bu prepar.d hi...'üt tOI' th. l'.o.ipt or RiDtho04. Ill' thi.
'..a .. , _ 11&7 .&J,that there are- tvo t1l)e. ot ~Jl004 ad

natvall;y tllO tn•• ot Il&iDt. '*011 al-Ti1"ll14h1 .000000iMa call.

A.

.WDt. of Ood.
\
1

-.
'a tl"Uth' (avli)'&'
.
' - Ul4 _nt. o~ Oocl
haqq Allah)
•
• ~

'

(a1l11,&'
,
Àllih),(27) ut IIOII8ti••• t!le \
lI1i'4ed>~. (, ,(al-..htad)(28)
. , '

01' ctiUPDt (al-ll\1jtahi4), ~29) aD4 ,th. 41r.otll t . a (al__ jtabi)(~O)

01" attracte (al~.1dhÜb). (31) Al.fi~cUiI tiUereatiat ••.'betlN~n
the tVo t1P8. b7 explaizainl' hov a 1".cq.lI"at.d 01" 41l:Lpn~ I&:I.Ilt
hall' to tr.14 a clitlloult path 'ollaaret'-dp., tlllPtatioa.t p~ttall.,"
cl1nI"8ot101l~t ,_~ tal~ ~.(~2) OIll~ t'o 't1Dd 1a ~he ed tut "'.,\

he i.. n1:\1 ...'b1. to tilbt ott hi. a ....ti.... attl"ibut ••• At \hi.
, -

'.aper,,·U.oil ••eJèmc n. help vh10b h. l''eè.i~. ~7 the ciwao. ot

00cl~(33)
," ~,
Ail f~ t~~ • ) •
othe t1]t8 of 'Aint, th.
~ Q
t... :'OI" ~ttr.~e4
'~:, _! ._\:"! \ ~.. 1,'.
_ .....

"Olle, al..ft~4hI '~")__'" .." nil1 _a oo-.1!tD ).êll~e ("a1:l4), .

, . . ~_.. "'- ~ ,-, ~ ... , \ ~~ , j '). , ~ ,l,

\
h. 1. a _
,
ot
..
cooct t
attribut •• , COocl
~, , .. ~; h
ohazoaotv', "àa4"à'olear .u.~4,
~ \ . . , ~ ~ r .... \ ,~~~: ~
< •

ad i ••el.ot.4 lIl4 proteote4 (illhfÙan . t~a,hi).b1 Ood.." wba

·u••
, ,',
a mu. to baoo••
.."'"
~a'~t,: bil,~h;~"" ~~.
;',
'

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,the oome. tOI" _oh'
, \ j ~ 1 • j"" 4 ) ;i':;l1"".:,,i-.1;;.. \ :tr.~,"
~

reU1n
1. \ ... , 1) \.. .! ... '

tat_ up to 004, t!l_ l"et1l1"fte4, 0Ill.7 to tor e,.~r 'iD èJocl'.

/ ko14 (q~.) lD4 ~,~ ou~~ ("~i~)~~~t):: . ;"': , '.~ c,", :,", ,"",'"

,:.: . : \ / ;:'J';":
) t"

",.\'t<-4(,.
,,..., \, !

..,fI
l , 1........ _~+l..~-..I"t ~
'r ~
~: i;':;,;,( .: ,'):"~:,,::>{: ;, (, ;(.,:.,.':: ~:; i.': ?·\::'~·{t;.:~,i ~" ~::~,':'
. . . .... j1J~ •.f,L., .. \';.
-:'j~/I,~·'l'h ""fI"'.l
1
1
1')1,~'"
r ......
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~ ___~_ 'r'\~"~'d'~'~.'
... ~, \ ",:r
..
~ ~~.r r,"-!~l 'f'~"O>l"\~',. ~l'tll"'~'
:~ .. r_.~~.:,?.~.,.,:,:~'<~~J"'::.~.I ...,":';:~.,!.~J;J,li,~.>',1:~_ ..~'.;;~,:.\~,,(,~"\ _J"'H.Jl.~
,i .11
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 -43-

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'b1 1&Jiq, "Ood. bu vorûipper8 who •• cl,.d., (at'il IliDC. fi '1) B.

auihi,lat.4 vith Bi.
amd~latecl'vith Bi. OVll, u4 80. . quid.4it70
0_, *0.' ,
attriba.t
'
•• (anit .
or •••uo. (dhit) Re
.iDe. vaat) R. .
, ~
amaih1lat.4 vith Bi. ovnI u4 B. !lad. th•• ,bear.r. o~ _oh ot 81.
l , 1
" '
••or.t. a. th. OOIDon I&1at. (av1:1.~') ar. uable to hear. Tho..
are th. ODe. who auü: into "h. ..a ot quicld1 t1 (4hat), aDd. the

~~t ot attr:l.'ba."e. (a1ti";.1II«. a1tah) ... (35) 'l'hu. th~ aha1kh

• • .
cli~1Dpi.ah•• batw_ what ve Ml oall •• l.ct A1Dt., or th••11te,
\ ,

.
Oa.OIl. IIA1Dt. who 40 Dot' .ria. to th. ,lit.'. levaI Uld. 80 U'.
, '

actual11 '. .'b1. to hear' 'or 'baU' 004'. _oret •• Ilia 'Ati' Allih
•
ezpla1Da hi. ~'. ri.", iD thi. cODDectioll i~ d.etai1, u4
• ,f 'l

'ta dolDc .~ h. r.ter. to th. tvo tJ'P" or 1ev.1. ot aainthoocl ..

th. aall eainthood. (1I11~ _il _cl th. creat BaiDthoocl
Il • l ' 1

(w:l.liJab laabri). the H1nthoocl ot fai th (al-lUa) acl th. aa1Dt- , ,

'. .
~

(al-Ad.:i.qlA) aDd. th. A1Dthoocl ot the' taithM (al-a1wdn),

- " "

til. ~thoocl ot proo~ _d ev1~oe (~rl .. 'barhiA) ancl the

1

hiIl-thoocl ot 1d.tll"~ u.cl .e~iDC' (ahubid. . . 'aPa), th.' aaiDt-

1 hoocl ~t tho.. V.~1D. the path
, - t 1 \
'or traV.11.ra (ailikIn) an4, th.
.aillthoOcl'ot tho•• taka cl1reotl7 to 004 l-j,.btn,). ~'."
• ' , ,1 , ", '
, ,41fivut ..
DU" , 1
'liftll b7 Ibm '.lti· uiih' to th.:tVo t"e. ~f,- . , . . - ~, ~ ~ 11 ,

,}"lo ,.l'.
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74:,
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A-: ~' ~ ~
thoqh,'tit'7 are • • • •1v•. il1
1.".. ' . . ___,
th••~l"'.,~~ '~e'·fui.the1"
- , ,.. 1 - i , t \,',
,
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. " " " .-aris1.Dgth_ al1 to",ber."

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aplaiA.d ~et ola:rln..et iIl

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etetail tbat :l.t"
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~r ,l'ath';t" pau. lJ;r pair, ~..,.~ '~t:" ,~
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 • Th. n.rn .. two VOlÙ tbat
l&intho~t i.e. 'U:\tl. --
th....lft. lDCl "_ote the 41tter• ..oe iD leve1 MtveQ th. tllO
. and. 81'.at
<..bra)
\ \ '

. .
'1. ',lta' AllAh u... to qualU'7
(lmwa)., ç • • tOI'

,1
t1P8. 9t MiDt •• !he ftrn a.:iDtllooc1 1. ot tho.e 1Ibo 'betrlad.
,
CJo4 (wall 1&tav&lla Alliai) _do who are iDolwlld. 1za the Qor'ùUo
ver.el ~ 'allA ,..tavalla Alliha va ruUlahu va al1adhfna iu.Dü
tHaa hl.Da All&h1 huIIU &l-ch&lUNn (S/ai...;:t1dah/56).
1 •
The
• eoo~ 1. ot 'tho.e "hOll (Joel betri.4. (nil yat~lihu .lllih)
, AIl4 who are 1Dolud.ed iD the ver.e. Va hu.. ,atavaUa &l-.&l1hIna
• • •
(7!al-A ' rit/196) •.(36) It· -7 be ot iIlterest to n~te ber. that
,
al-'fina1dhI ·u... the _e word. 'betriend' (vallp) wh_ reterrine
\0 .
to the I&1ni. ot 'the top level ot wnthood: "le (004) 'befr1endl
thl. tD. ot NiAt.,"(37) Ulcl that 'al-Qu.al1çrf
,
iIlterpret. the
, ~

word iIl two W&1I to give lt ,the . . . .euiDp reterrecl toI b7

IbD •Âti' Allih. (38)

•
~'fh. . .cOIUl 4eaipat1on ot IlIl 'Ata' AllAh iD "terring to
J
• • ,

the two tJP8. ot NiAthooct, i.e. uinthoocl ot taitli (&l-rmiD)

""'

1Ild. ot cOIlti1'll&tiôn (~-rqiD), i. elabOratë4 \1pon br ooapariDS'

, '

taith, lIhiOh 1. III 8II81'1II10e tltoa darJme •• to li.t, 1Ii.th OoD-

tiNation (,..qlA), vldoh 1. bicher tblll ,t&:ltb iD tJ1at lt
.
,i. th. '

enabllabaeD.t of' 0Ôd.'~ kIlo"l.... (lniq1";r al-'U.) in th. heart.

\ ,

I
,&noth.' iIIpoM.t
l
titter_ol 'Nt..... fai th.. oontu.atlon ..
! r; • ~

>' .lhowa ~ l'bD •.lta·

e'
Allah 1. that the tirn 119\ ' lie aooOllJNUliecl
~ , ~ ~ ~ '"
, - \ 1 1 Il

b)' lnattèntivenel!l. (p&tl&!l) vhil, the "..cond. il' ,tr.e, trOll lt

for 'th.' .iapl.

'0 • ' ,"
re&80n that '& A1nt in' .. nate ot oont1z..tlon :"",:,
, 1 ~

i. '~1~li7 ~.i.~4 to, '&Del 4.p~~~ ~:'0ô4I" ~ ~ ~t~~ai

... 0 '.... , ~ ~.. , ,~ 1

,
, .. '
'al&'ü~ihi t~w. ~-~:(~5/~~itrt3,)<~9?) :,':'.':' . :',,' 'i, 'l" -
• ,'" 1 'J ~ '. .r', ",!~. e\ ~,' .' >' ,1, ~ '" \ i,~~.J!" 'l ( l , ... ' \ ~ >, " ',' ~ ,

l' '. • ·:_.'~~~*'·,~t :,hitrUt~fUl·(:.t~id1'cl!i\): ~~,~t t~"'t&ith-'.

,,/,~\' "f(l\'~~', 'l'; (r~l \,~',~(:Il,...."'t:t~,. ~I:~':\: r' ~'~l_r ~~"~>t~·"I~ Il"\,., l "~IJ :-'·~~;J~~'
.. "',1 ~,~ .. "

•
..~'"'., ' ,', /~,: '/t~t~'
_ r :l ...1·>'L~
~~j1~~~~;~~;;,~~~'~:~~,~
.. ,... I{.J.:ft.t~I~G)',.1 );f~;\' :;~"f'~{:~~;,.;
l ..
~~ (o~\~b~Il r~\I,"~~I~~;-t~',~.ekII'
~;-<: y' ),~~~~ .. ~ 'l";~"'e"' ....."Vt ~~IT, "~_\'
\f/ ~ 1~~. ;~ <1 , 1 \ j
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• •
004'a rewa.rfl. b)' vorJdJa&' a4 aotiDC
tru.tbtvJ,lLe•• , mil. .. u:t.at ot th. ..COILd. "'" ••et. lLoth1q \1\1.t
\
,
tOI'
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n. '
vith ailloerit,. aIlfl
,

1 •
Ooc1'throqh amdb11atiOll (t"') trOll ....1rJ't1li.nc othe than 004

1t i.
lIDCl abicl1q or Na DiPC (baqa') iD "'mh1q bl Goel. Bownr,
Ilot ~01&Ch to aohien amdJaila1i1oa
,

~evad b,. tho.. who ù-a n111 tHacUDc"the path (AU.tIn) a4

'
oal:r,\ for l
thia ~ H
'
."'~ \ 1

are 810111 Oll 'th. tirn lev.ls ot .aiathoocl. Ilz ·.lta' AllÙl o • •

'".
siaid'Ji li .0
clar1fiel thi. poiDt fuÏoth.r b)' raterriDC to AlRÏ al-Baea al-

,.
.luciciat.4 the. caU.race
Dar •• i ..... aa:lAt. ot the tirft tJPI. are tho •• vIlo oH,.
"

b7 AJÛlC tbat \he 'becJ.D-

• .
.
1

~ iD

....rJ'th1Jac b7, toraeJd.1lB ev.rJ'thiDg, vith the re~t tbat Ood.

1
0.78 th.. iD ...l'J'thiPC b,. I(laI1iteatiDC n ..elt to th_ vithou.t
....1'7th1,DC. 10 that th.l' .e. JI1II clole to th....lve. tha evw7-
thiDg. On th. othar had., the p'.at va:r' (tarrq kubri) 'belÔnèa to
•
th~ .ecOllClt~ ot IIalAt. who obe1 Oocl iD ..,..)"tlWag 'b7 penatiDg
ot ever7th.1nc uul pero.iviDg Qo4'. vtll in' .~h1It.c, vith th.
r ••lt that Oocl 0.78
,
th.. iD eveJ'11:hinB ~ IlUiteft1n&' ~•• lt

to th_ iD ever7thluc.
r',
.0
(j
tbat th.l' s.. Bia ... if Be ver. iD
- ,
, ) , \

ev.r7ULiq. ID--thil " 1 ' , the tirn 'MiDtS beCOll8 ~ih11ated.

,1

(~) boa. evlZ7'~. th~~tOM the,. .~. nothinc vith CJo4.,

whil. th. lattarl reu.1D (,.abqi) iD. everJ'thiDc. Ul4 If) t~.7 .a.
d iD
•
"""hiDC. Al-sliath II OOllolwl•• that th. aeccaD4 t " . >
i

ot a.iJlth~ li
\
acra oOllPlete (ai_) tha th. 'tirn. tor Oocl
haa DGt cr.at.ci t~ï ~__ (al-...l.akah) ua.pt' tbat
' "', - ,

a• ...,. bI
- ( ,

. . . ~ t't,' ~ tut .Inn." h1II..l't ott (Chib) ftoa

•
1 'i.l 1Ih7"h. 80
" .... " t ' "~ ,"~ ,\, ~~~'':., '1

the creat.ci WarlA

, - ~ •
ab_t. hiWlt b-o. CJo4.(.j.~till ~t. Ro"
'l' .. - '" 1,"/' ,~,. ,1 , . ~.'" > i}"\.~" ~"'~.. ,.
" , ~~ .. ~~ .... ~.. ~ "l' Il" ~ \ ~ '"

'1ft1', aap al....idJa~lrt:Obcl d.oè. not, WIlt,',_.·;to:~~r~it' 'ONat_'

,,' '~f::, ,'" , /p ~,' "~'t,,"'~_~)J!~. "-;tI~~_ ';"',,~ ,f .. ~: J J T' 1 •

thiDCI .. nob
'"

,
'

,l'
-

01"
1"
1\

/ ~ "
,~'!

:~.'.. .' r
~

,1• ..._. .1v.•• , ,a1· tci' ..."'t,,-, '~..t~·

')'

\ .....
,~

')'./ ~;, ~. •
rl'~~ i"r1rttr~.(..tt1 .... ' ..~

~ !.
-,

,;,~1 "1
• \ ~

0'" B.
.~ .. :

~..... 1 \
,"

~ ~,f t ~
• ,\ \
\ _ .."1.

l , ~ 1\'
,1 ..,.

'... l " 'i' 1

,
.l i : ' ~ , ~', 1>, - " ,~I
 ! " \

, 'Il

• IUD1t.et. 1ia•• 11' iD tb•• (40)

Tb. l"...
1 ••• ' proot Md.
cm wh7 IlID •Ata'
mel_o.
•
All&b. u... th. tOllZ"'th ••t
(4alfl _ barbAD), _cl Vitll•••1q aIUl
ot vOrd..,

"'iDe (1IhuhÜ4 'va .~) to litt. . .t1ate 'Mt. . . th. tvo tlPe,.

\ ,
preoed.1q paracr.aph. He 8&18 that Dot •••ine Cod. 1D evél"JthiDg
do•• Ilot ~.an that ile do•• Ilot 1UIl1t.~ Bi...lt iD ..,.rJthinc.
'but rather that tho.-. who look do not have the abi11t7 to penet-
rate throqh evv;yihiJÏc to .ee Bi. there. Aotual17 Ood 1. IlUiteat
\

iA n'mhiDc, *10h iAolude. ev.. that vb1ch II&T n . to oonoeal

Hia, Vith the obriou. . .naption that 110 veil tlbatlOever eziat •
. to bide 004 'rroa ... (41) Thi. ulUllPt10D i. e"117 ooçarable

to the, worcla ot al"ittarrs " ... uI .... al1 411". lUine tix.dl7
UpoJl li. taoe, "'iDe JI1ra iD ever7thine wher~b7 le vu n1,le4••• " (42)
~,"tu Ganit7 of 004' • .uif.n&U"" (43)~ th. foroibl.
oOllPUll1oll (qühvlnab) ot Bi. lil11t prey. .t the lipt ot Bi.
~ worlhipper. troa
, ...1n, Bia t tar cr.at proxiai
= t7 (qurb) ute.
011. unable to .ee th. prozillit7. Thi., aooo1'Cl1.q to ...bi al-a••an
•
_* which p'0WII
J

aaal,oCOU' to the . .11 ot

!
atroupr the oloaer ODe draVl to lt. 101I1'0e, ucl whioh i. Dot
_lt aDJ' ".ore _en ODe enter. 'the hOU: whera the .uk t •• (44)
AbU al-'AbbÜ uplain. the UIIe poiBt iD a ver.e that Qllbolical17
"1Iq'a1 "She (x,qli) ~4 Ilot 'Mo Olle oonoeale4 uaept _ . ahe
litte4 her veil, 0 woader that aanireatat~oll i. oODoeal.ent.,,(45)
" \

'Dl. point abo\It Ilot .eeine or .eeiD, Ood. iD ev8J7\h1Dc tON',

•
~ ,

&1 . ."1. .4 _l'ore, the 'bui. ot 41etiDct,1oa 'Mtveen the II&iJlt.

ot proot ud eri.clenoe (4alr1 va bar~ia) 1Ihca' 1_ ~Ati' mih oall •
•
• .r

, ,
~ t

-47-

the people ot oon.ieler&i1em &Dd' de~&iiOn (ahl ,al-f'-:tib8r),',

,
.:nel tho •• of ·w1tD.....~g ad •••ing (8huhüd va n,aPa) whOIi h. oall.

, ~he people ot_er'cep'tion &Dd' 11l.ilht ~ ..... !....

(Ùl al-inibw). l'bD ....
. . .
~;;.'
•

~lih a~ 1ha1 the .. t~ t"', o} ~~1~' are reapeot1vell11lcluded

111 1he 1110 Qor
,
'&D~O Vlr.e.l S&-rlvlhim
•
i1it~ll;; fr1al-itiq:1
\ 0
wa ~r '. 1.
antua1hill hat1a ya1a'banaDa lahUlll lDIlahu al-haqq (41/FU•• Uat/53),
• •••
.
•

anel: Quli-Allihu thWlllD&

" ,
dharhum 'fi khawih111l yal'&bina (6/aJ.-AIi 'a.;

91). (46~ .'!'he firl't type 1.. that ot a saint who ..eeks Geel in the
orea1ed 1hillP (ki~1üt), lOillg trOll one evideÙC8i to another ~d
tr~ad1Ilg 111e long path ot ar~uous aearoh in', hi s' ho17 qùeRt. On t~e
other 'hazul,' a u.int' of the ~d·,tYPe doell .lot follov the .ue
route, ''but 1. talc. clire~tly to
1
Jlqng
, ciod. trOll Who.' , he .reoeives i
r, .,.. ~~,. J" • -!
hi. ,lmovledp. Thu. the tirat saint 11&1', be called a traveller .!
, ,
Qr path-tread.er (.&l.1lt): ucl "th, other t'he.-t~ or &ttr~t.d 1
,
(ujclhiib), 1dlioh' t~. ar~ the 'reaon whl Ibn 'J.'ti. J.ll&h use' \
•
hi. l~ dellipa.tloa tflr the tvo level. ot l&inthoocl, i. e. the
~~. .. l '

'-.
I&iIlthood. ot 1ho•• tr.~ng the pat~ -ad ot tho.e tùen direct Il ,
/
""" '( 4 7 ) ; , ,' , \.'
to 004. J.bÜ al-'Abb&. ottera, in h1. Ollll val, ,& olaritication 1

j \ ' -
Li ot the clitterenoe that exista betwein 'the tvo saint8 \thrOU&h . ' ~ 1

giving two interpretl'.tions of the tradition: He who" bov. ~ l'

1 . .... ..

aelt, bao... , hia Oocl. AccorC1i~g to hi., it .ean8 that he. who PlO~ " "
'" ' , '
hi. aoul or' .elt (nat,a). ~{h 1\41 huad:lity, helpl.a.ees. ucl
, ,

poverty. sète to mow Ood. ,n'th Bi. Blor7 •.abilit1'. anel riobneaa,
'-. -,. ~ , , ", ,_ 0 '

whioh illierpr.t&t:o~ .ean that _,_iDe-. the .oul ia a orea~ed

" • J.' rrJ'... ' ' 0 .... '

thing, the~ this provè~ thai createcl ,~îlinga 11&1' well lead. &
, .J '\

traveller (.aiik) to Ood~, The ...e trditiOn t .&78_ ;J.~

Dt..-
,al-' "'b~, IV' ," '" ~~
\ ' ", "

II&Y &180 he 1Iltll'preted. ill aother va,; ~t 'he wh~-' imo~. hi~.·~"

.'
~ ~ W R ' '. ~ ~ "'!, [ fJ J .' \ _

.oul (Ilata) ahon, b7 10 kDowi~. ihat he hàa 'mead7 mow Oad..

"
which .eU8 that mowing Oocl ~~ecede. '~O~g ~he, .~ui(~), abd
, "

"
 .. ,
•
'Î'
'l '. ~,
1 \
c "

,
"
, u

• beiDg t • • dirlotl)'
.iI1CI ••• ing
,
,

• that th. I&1nt who il live thi. ldlld of Jalov11dCe, throup.,

n
to God. ClOI' Ilot DI.d Ul)' .
"
1

eViClaoe'
or proot
aoa i, proof aOUlh.(49j
. .
... .. .:r
, 1

Betore
-
,
,

proo.edin~
,

ot Abu. al-tAb'biu about Aint. Uld wllthood, .1t 11&7..

1

'-
--
_. tuMher vith our revi." ot the thouaht.
l
"
': \

'be iD or4.er
~
- '

at thi. stase to 11'011148 'Olle 01&t'1tloatiOD

,
ot two pointa 1'&1.84.
'

in the prev10ua paràcraph.

, '!'he fuat ot the •• 1a a'bout the. Jalow-
le~ th. I&1Dt reoeivla in ODe ~ or Ulother d.pendiBc upon
o "

the type ot .aiDt he i.. In uPOUDd.iDg hi, vien OD t~, abject t

. - . .. '

llRl al-tAbb&a dot. not -.ilo1t olear, whether hl be~lere', that _

creat.d thillp (titinat') in thell,elve. can actual17 lead. to' &
\
movled.ge of Go4 or not, although this il vABUely 1l1plied. in his
tiret intlrpr.tation ot the previoualy 'oited tradition. Hovaver,.
" , \ _. \

we 11&1' re&8Oll&b17 u.y \tut aillce his ,predeceslor i_ not ot that

, 'be11et he hi•••lt .q have '.eant the _.e thing al-shidhilr
. . \\

apeak. about wha he VODd.er., how OD. OaD denl1e God b7 uI1ng
,
--what ia laiOtm (al-lla'&r1t) when what 1a lœown 0 " to be lalown
throup H111, and •how one
'le" fil
CUl Cletine Hill 'b1' sOllething when Bis
• ~

e'nateno: preoeded everJ'hiDC. (50) Thi •. is almolt Silli~&r to

- • ,

what al-IJ1ttai-r 1&71 when epeaJdng about the ...e point t "Letter
oumot intor;.· of lt ••1t~, Bow th~ ahoulcl1t ,.11 ot Ke (004)1"(51 )
.' , . • , ./, (52)
. and: " ••••Cu l 't*~appreh_de4 in that ,1dl1ch l have procluce41"
, , "
Bo_ver, al-shi4b'ill ada1ta that ,.0.et1118' crl.te4 thinp 11&7
\ ~ t 1

lead one. to Ood.. in whioh ~&le lt ia 004 Billlselt who oOllters

upon thelll'thl~ ptt aml uQrlbes t'o'thelll ,thi. ta.DNiion,(53~ :t'rom ';1

whloh VI û.y &eaU. tut t~e aha~ lIe&D1 that. i 1; 1. aotUally

,
.. '10 _,

,God who tell. about tillaelt. Kore expl~~it17 put, re ~,D4 al-

HittarI 8.~nc~ "1 am He\1;hat intorma ot~Hi._.lt to ·Wholl.oev~r

\, Be willa."(5t)' llthoqh' .~-SbEc!hilr and. J.bŒ &l-·Abbà.:Cl~';~ot-' ule
___ ~_ _ _ _' _ _• _ _-~,~~ ,;~~ '.. ;, ,',' .' ..... ' \" •• t . .J~\ . ' .. ~. ~ # # j ,
 . ,
.\

•• 'Pleifie ten. to rét.r to thia t1P8 or knowle,dp or to thl

othlr
, "
__ "., ...
,
r
. '\
~
'

dionlct betore, wh8r. th. u.1nt pt., dir.ct

"

l e . fl'oa •••1q ~, Je~ -th., ~'I" to be r.t.rriDl' to "h' t"o

\, r
',.

"
mOtl-

teN•••• b7 al-!&ritbf ra1"'~ ~o eliniquilhe. blt• •n pttill8'

, ao_tect with Ooel (t~t) ~ ieletit7;.n, Geel (ta'~t). (55'>
. '1'l1lI•• ~~ ~..... 7"...".b7 ,~, .e ~ot.4 b;y Ial&bial.I,
to reter, b7 u~1DI
the tirllt. to the lcnowlecl8e ot the oo~on
,.
belienr_,'. Who pt 'to . "
mow 004 tbrOUBh Hia ravour whioh 1I&k•• thelD
\ ,

J able to r.copi.' Bi. as the ereator 'or everythinl, anel, 'b7 u.iDg
.
..
, . \
thl .ICODd., to to the, ·mowledge. ot tlÎe 8lite (khawiall)
1""1'
.
to \
wh. Qod. iel_titi,. Hi••,lt 8Ild who 'ar. then give lmowledge ot
. \

...,.rJth~, throqh th.ir acquire4 lœé)Vl,d.p 'ot Goel. (56) Al-«it~arr

retera al.o to 'the .,cond. twe ot knowled.p iD a odnciae wrq
. . /'

1I1.1i1111 "St&7 blterl Xe, _el thou ahalta.'· kDowl.dp and the
wrq ot kD~Wleclce.,,(51)
ft, oth,r point "bat Jl"~' clariticatiol1 i8 tut about the

\
on' ,ao trea4a th' ,Ath (.iltt) _el t~, other who i8 t~U1I1POrted
\
directl)" to Ood. (u.jdhÜb). '!he titter_c. bet".en the two, which ~

actually li •• in th. wq th'7 Prt their lalovleclp, has )Jeln. u-

\ plained. betor.'
,
(58) ancl M:t

ot al-liUarr1 -Xt thoa. callen X,',

~ . . . .i ••el

~I vill
b'1~ q\1otillg th•••. vorel.
COIU:..-s-"~th::.::':..::':..:...1~_~4....:i::t-:-.-:;o:-__:llI---=--_~J
1 oal1"to th." thou vilt COlle t o ' .
iÀg iraI" h1~ ah&1kh. '
.
&t th•••oond. iaiD~, 1.e. t~'- ujclhÜb,
\ .
1,,·"!J.ta' Allih, .,Iàk-
".

doe. Ilot th' graduall,. &Cquirecl'kDo,wle~ ~ch th. fun

, " . \ .
.alik, pta"t)7 treadiq
one, l.e. .the '.,. ,
th. lone path" ~O' 004, aiÎioe
-. ,he i. t~U1.,orte~ ~reo~l' to Ood. .ere he
"
cH:rect bowleclp
l ' (.. ,\
se,s· ' \
b7 vitn."iDB BiID•. Thi. ld.D4 ot tireat Jœovlectp.1II&7 thua be
-~ OOI1~~~lr.el ~'or:.p1I1~el .('~b1~f ~~le,' t~t ot: th~ path.-
t'" ,\ ' _ , ~ ~,(

\1'.-.1.10 11&7 ,'be 0&1184. '-acCI'Ü:red.' or o'btai~ed. '(~""b.hh' . ~,'ll,

, , ' " 1 J \ '

~ • J Ir ,~ ., 1 ~ '1 1 \
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~.' ", ~~.j t " l , '",' ' ~~,; j •
 t 1

e,· " mq 1lie arpecl her., .. •

" .,
.id'.
•
did, 'that the path-trea4er
1. lIore experienoed. 111, wh&tever 1'8- ,
. ,

1a'te. 'ta 'the lem. ho17 p"'th (tarrq) 'tban 'the o'ther 1I&iJ1't who i.
• •
Ilot tuli11ar "Uh 'the' path 0Il
.acoou't ot hi. 41reo't trllD8por't.'t1oll '

,
" 1
Ilot . . eu1'table a au1de tor 'the 00..011 belieTer. &ad-d1.oiple.
' , - [
a. the p.'th-treader. (61) lm,. '.l'ti' .11lih rejeo't. 'th1. arSUMIl't
•
,OD 'the bae1e 'tha't 'the .t'tracted nillt ac'tual17 mon the p.'th
;'1"7 wel1, tOI', althoustî he 1.
, "
flllAiJ
_\ -
'ta 'travel U in DO 't1.. ,
. .i

1 th. who1e trip 1e revealecl 'to, hill, .Dd 'tha't 'the, on11 ditterenoe
"

bnwe. hi. acl -the p~'th-tr.a4el:' 1. that the t1rft ia epared, the
' f • , ~ \ !

'trouble. aDCl ditt1oult1e. undeMata b7 t.he .econd aD the pa't~

. ' \ (62)
.cl the long 'ti.e reciürecl 'to 'tre&4 it. . ID a 11&7, thi ••eeu

l
to be .illi1ar to &1-'l'iI'llid.hl". opiD10n. about the two t3J)e. ,
ot
o '

satnt., tOI' h. ~t.·that

. .
the .ttraote~ onl doe. Dot autter
......

th. 41tt1~t1e. o,t ~path &8 t~I.~ath-tl'e&der.(63) BO~,

. ~
an.r th. 8.O't ot at'trac't1on (jùhbah) 00... a p,r1od ot 'ti.e
, '" .
, f '
dur1Dg wh10h Gocl talce. oyer 'the 'teaohiDg acl eduoation 'or 'the
" \
...tnt UDti~ be haa acquired the h1pest 1ev,1 ot lalo"l die. (64)

e attr~t,d wu't lalo~ th. p.,th and,

, oOD..quent~l, 1 ...a~1. ta p.1de the.. dieo1pl,., but thi. point
'1
. beoome. olear ld14m 118 tiDd the 1lIh&Jkh ~gt The attract.d on.
1. attractecl ~ ,ver7 lIt.tiOD (mawt1n) OD. hi.
o
1f&y to 'aOci, and
, ,0 • • 0, ' ,.

1- . inforMd,' ot th.e at~tiona uul .4. aoqu1llted vith th... (6,5)

ru. obriou.17 me
,
• • that. the .~traotecl n1Dt 'kilo""
. ,
01' 1.\aa4e
'

•• • 0 tO kzlO~, ever7' ..tep'ot. th. PAth' a1thonlh ~. d~~'" IlO~'\ act~17°

. ,
,
\
,
~

treatl it CD hi. ~t tOI' the attraction (jadhbah) ~hat al-J,l'irllidhf

'" .

~
l ' ' , " '
• 1 • .." / ~ ~ \ 1-

,\ r. 1 ,,, " ~' .. 1 1

: ~,' ,,\ ~ J .. • ,

- ) " .
 -51-

'. çe•• aWl": beCC". in tact ....1'1•• ct attr.cUon. tr_çorU.Il1

the a&1nt Aoa
,

the ahaJkh'.
on. nation to _other 8til he
Otm 1101'4•• Ocel.t ••• OVez'
l'. ., . . . .

hi. (th••&iDt'.) tran.-

004. In

portatlC1l, iD a aoaat, trOll kiqdoa to Id.qcloa (alk) v.p to the

ONner ot the kiDcdDm.(66)
~

\ ' ,
Bow that .oae torm ot coh.re~t 'hOUBht ha. be.n eatabll.hed
. ,
ie to 'the nature ot II&1nthood, lt. attaiDaent, lt. tvo diU.rent
, 1
, type., ad lt. dependeD~e UpOD
,
art'. will, - -7 proo.ed to th.
\

olU"lticatloD ot the que.Uon. ot the nece ••lt1 ot haviJlC mllt.

\ \

iD th18 vorld, ot their relationahlp vith U, azul' ap1n ot tht! \

1'01. pl~d b7 004 in al1 .thi••
.
IlIIl •AU' Allah KYs ~"-
that aner the
•
de.th ot the fropet -
Go4 willed it that others Should tollow
.
1
.0 that Ocd' ........
," . ~

llilht be apread ever)"lhere. The.e ath.r. are, the .aint. who

iDher1t ad. tol1ov the ..tep. ot the Prophet, 8Ild. who.e 11_t.
are\ccmtlnu~. _cl j,.:ruaént ... 'a rerut ot the pena.n.nèe ot
-
the 11cht ot 1Iub_ad..
\ .
'!'hu., the World, acoording to Abii"al-
1 (67)
'AbbAs, 1. DeveZ" vold ot aa1Dta -. a tact adIIitte4 bi al-T1raicDti -
.cl their nuaber 1. alvça cOIlnu:t. '1'0 prove thi., AbIÏ al-' Abb&a
fi ,. , •

qIlot~~~ ~i~ QGr ~_l.C ver.e. Ka '~aakh ~ qatin av Àtm;ihi

na'tl bi-khçriD a1Dba av althlih. (2/al-Baqarah/l06), ud
\ ' .' .
iAt.rpr.t. the vqrd'~tin (trOll &,ah • "1".8 'ôr a1r.acl,> to __
, , .
aa1nt, thu. liviDe the ciuoted veN. the ••azdDg that. a aa1Jat 1.
'alwaya repl&C~ by anoth.r .who 11&7 be th.' '..... or ."en bett.r
___ 1 ~ \

t~, the tiret. (~) . ,"

-Th. pr,.en"'\ot aa1nt~ ln th.! world, acoorcU:~ to i~ &l~'Ab'bi~, ,
\ ~-" .
1a ot ut.o~ 1çorianoe bath to th. world acl to the, p.ople iD' .' ".,
\ \ "
. ,"
' J " ~
,',
-, ~ , •
, •
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lt. Pol' ~lriao•• if' ~hel'. wu a ~.or~... ,~8Jl ot OJl.',~i, ~, ~: l .... _,~,
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. ,.th~1r Jiu.ber, th.
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'1k7 wqulcl Ilot ~&1A' a4:tbe ".à1"th:·~cl' not~, ~~.~I.
~. ,~-" ~ ~1 " .... ;,"~-,r-\,'1J\ ~',' .'
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o;hl1'.'haD4, 1") th. 'li...
l , " " .. l,.
H~""C~',
' ..., ','" 1

thl. wuI4 Il~ be . . a ,r',mu of '.,' 4.cft... ~ the 1lÙ~ ~,'

.aut., 1R:Lt ~~h.~ i~~ o~rru~ t1~.
~ "'!Q.' t
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~.a4 'to' ~Ii. 'a~~~~~
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i ,. . .t ~f M;1Dt~ 4I"itt. ~h.~ arn~ -+n.... "'. peop1.-.

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, 1Wa41...... of 004 lIICl 11 • . , . voal4 . . . th. . . . .rriI&C ,"
\ , , . ' -,

- ot' haviDe t~ '_Dt. ~il~4 tO th... (70) BOwnu:, the' 'buié

, ~otiOD of t\e .~t. ,1' -to 1.a4~' p14e, 'ad hel:'p ~h. p~ople
iD a, wa7 tut A~ al-'J.bb&. oOD~eiye. ot 111' the 11lht, o~. th.
!

/-;Qor'wo y.r... , Qul.. ,lWthibI' aabrlr ..t l ; i1& 1l1~ 'ala, 'burrat1n
uaa va , _ ittaba'ur (12/ti.t/l08). B~ ~ltJ.n. th~i
"

th-, W&7
.
(.abrl) ot the a&:1llta i . 1»7 i:lll1&ht (tali 'baIfratill), wbich
•
. . .a that the,. u.. theiZ' iD.ipt to ..lect a W&J' lUitable tOI'
\ -
.ach ot th.iZ' to110Vlr.(71)1Dcl not juat adopt 011. atud'arcl wv '
,/ ,

tOI' &11. ID cloin&" '0, AbU &1... ·J.b'bÜ '&JI!; the,. ,d11 be to110wiDC t

th. a'upl.
, ,
nt br. th. ~ophet vho h-.d tOI' hi. oOllPADloza. v&l"i~.

..
, ~ i ~

oou.el. (wuiJi a1Jlg. vaa1J7Ü.) \-th&t clittvecl accord1hC to the

'

11&7 ot tach. -Thu" ezupi., tOI' he told Bl1il'~72)to CO ~ad. _d

apen4 _cl l'wez" t'? tear that Qocl lIi&bt cl.cr..... Hi. gin. to hi_,
.
tlh11. to anoth~, tlho niltecl'to live &V&7 all h1,-'lIone,., the
,

- .
Prophet n.1cl that 1t. lIO\llcl 'be 'better 'to leaYI
. hi. h.1r. rloh
..
tbaD·to leav~ th•• 4epeDden' up~ 'atheri.(13) .. , ~ \
\
1

1Il orcier
1
to -.bI. the AiDt.
..
to pert01'lll thlir fuaètioD'
\
iD ~
1 r r l "\.

a proper ..,..~ Oocl, tait.. • t." ~.p. ~ch vill ~ cl!~aê4 1Â

~he tollowiDg p..racr~. .ci vh1~ bePzfb,. Qocl :revlaliD~, B~·.' " ,. :-
. \ ~. ! , ~
~

oho.en .&int to the ~Op~•• t'he' -.in" then, aoooriinc to 1111

l

•
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, 1 \ . " . - , 1

_ ~ _ ~ _ l 1., / ,1 'J ' ~'" ~ ~~ l .. l ' ~ '.. I,.~ ~ ,

tAta' Allah, 1. olo'the4 iD' _~ •.1I't7,(jali1.).._d. apl~our (babi'). '

• ~ ( ~ l ' ) (/ 1 , '1 ,"." < t f r ' , -~...., • ' ~

The'~.' ,~t','h. ftr~ ,,-1. t~',,~.~;jzii\~~~b.'h.Az,j.

" ," 1 l'. 1. " :;~ ~~~~': .... _: ," ,1.... 1 'r' ~;!~,'.t~:'~~~,~JI~,!.~' 1 l" " ..
'ot th., >.'.
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j

p.o,l.,.:·1i~\~~O~ :ot"'~;,:(~~r!,iai,;~,~,~,:'~.~~~ _to.,1n ,the, "J~'::',,' .:'.

~''', -'~" ':t',.~: l',~~;J~:'~\''' l)r"lt/·~-,~j~?,~l':t~t~:I,'~\.C:,.~~.·~,,~~~I~'I-I·~lj,~~ -t~ J ~/ :~_~1·~1 ,'.~
.. J 'JJ, , llt~,~·:'~t':.,t·,
Ir I.'.J t',' .!,,_l\·) ..~J'~tll'.\r,J"';y~Ll'l"'>J~j~\'-I~·l_~.~!:~~~~,~,~~~rt·(::IJ-J;.~f·:(t$\4t~~'l/.,,,"'\f'" \:\.' J~\.I, ~~'l ~ l, ,"; c

. . ,~\ ~~ ~; 'n 1 r, r,'t' 1~',_I\~I)~"J" Hi.:'-~'f~ "ll I\'r".t~~~\\.;-.>~:,'~·J\ . . ~~·rf, (1'-'"'\1;~\"'~" ~':'
f
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• Prophn 'a
1

(th. u.i~~)
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l (004) ha"., ~pportec1
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haYe beeD
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. e . '\h. people poll'\e aD4 obecU._t
~P~e4
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td.th
b1'~' I*'\h ~th te.
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.Ite&l')~(741),,~.,iaap1r.d:.••
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'\0 '\he II&1Dt '., unnoilou "

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aDcl prOhild."·i~•• ~ euapl~\ot '\JU. _jen" àbcl .ve :1. p"eD 'b7
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;' lllll ' ..ti' 111ib 80 reter. '\0 hi. -&1kh AbD al·'AbbÜ U11DC
l , \.t(~. - '" l' ,

t_ t.t no OD. ..t vith hi. uoept that ODe'. Ileart 'bèo..e O'Ivoori.
~th teU'. ( 75) ~. tor th. purpo.e· ~t o10thùl&' the u.int 1~ Çl~':'
clour (~,),. :1t i. t,o be~t~f7 hi. iD the people'. heari. whioh
"

will then 'be 1Dçir.4 vith love tor the .a1Dt. The ..tval outoOlie
" .
ot thi. i.: th.t ~h., vil-l tol101l the ll&int 1 cc•• to l~ 004, ~cl
. ~ventua117 t~ 'be lôve4 b7 Bia. (76) This . .jeni~ aDCl' 8I»18lUl14
appearuoe ot th. RiAt i. rehrre4 to b7 al-'1'1raidhl' who cl....
~ ~ \ ,

oribes it .. baviD&, the ep1.n4our ot c10 ••I1••• to Qod (bah.' .1-

. '::\ ' .
qarbah) l' the 11pt ot) _j.n7 (nv al-jal~ab), th. Ave ot ell1nece
{haJb&'\ al-kibri"&')f ~ '\he atta'bilit7 ot 41pi'\7 (un. al-n.qir).
. .
Be NP th.'\ lIQOILe ,looJd.nC at noh • ~t u4 .t the aark. ot
Ocell • •over.1sa'\7 1mprea~ecl UPOD hi. vill·r....ber 004.(77)
 , \'
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\
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l '

"he people aQ".ptuoe ot th. Aint vorù , br ~ ~hat' ,t

, '

arl ... troa t~t truquil oonfieleno. (.akrnab,) -'''..ha'' ..par.."e. '
,
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tra Ood vi"h 11. ç.eoh U1Cl' elvell. 1~ the h.art II&k1q 1t 'OOIl-
fid. ~ th. ~. utt.r_ b7 th. _nt. (79) b' tor al-lllttarI,

,he çe•• ot Ood. t.

J
oriel' or PWII1_1on
'
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upoJl 1dl1oh 'he ponl0
•

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(';rlt) or aa1Ilt .tart. pr.aoh~ to th. p.opl.. " ••••• It Be

·oo.a:ncl. JOU ta in.truct th••evata, iDnruct th.......'•• M(SO)
udl "When 'hou a1:ta1D.n the 11111t ot m9wled.p, 11: 1. 11l0Ullben1:
\ ' ,
on
"
1:hee
..
1:0 apeat ot 11:1 bd wait tOI' rq peni ••ion oOlloenille
\ ~

i t, 'hat 'thou _~at apeak ,o~ .e, acl rela1:e oonoern1llg .e, ad.
that 'hou . .n be one ot 117 ..bu.aciora." 8I1cll "It thou lPeak-
.n . ot Dowledp
. t 1Dd. r.la1:e.t o~oU"DiDl
~
i t, ad art ID . .'bail....

clor ot Jaiovlec:tcel .then movlec:tce occur. to thee, IDd thOu. oaet _

not rej8ct kDov1~, bec.ae 1'- OO~. to th,. . . on. ot whOli
thou ctid.8t. ape&k, ucl vith Olle ot who •• 'oqu..a thou 414at r_e- 1

. lat •• ·(81) .

krille rrnal.cl'Hia ChOHIl llaint. to the people ud rivén

• ~ tl
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• pover. baok.4 1»1 Oocl Bi.ïelt. Al-tiraidJd', al.o

IRlpport of
,

n. I&1ntl:UJÙlI' tut th.,. beco.. inv.at.4 vith the

,

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Ioyer.ica:t,. (_lta> ot Oocl nat 4.t...tl tho..
• t' 1
"0' ••
1. J:
.-J:...

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ilrt th.. ,
'

vith 1DçuatioD ~ilhi.) _cl 1n.ip't (tirUah) , '_el wi~h the'

~ , ;" -
- ,

abilit7 to work IÙraol•• (qat .1ne. ~). All th. tOJlI\I•• ,,'
1 7~. •

ueept tho.. ot th,. Gnou.. join in their prai •• , aDcl vIlo.vU",

\ ~
,
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Àara. the. il IItruot (1Urat)
... &114 .e.t. a'ba4 end. (n' al-khitiaah
.
• lOe. to h.ll). (83) aod.- •• Hint., 'ao~ord1nB t~ al-'1'1raidhI',
. ,

&re l'W"d.d b7 the ~t. ot iJap.eoabilit1 cel 'i~t1 (am'

"
al""i.ah) that 'barn ~ al1 th. neptiv. aicl•• aDd. tend.noi ••
•
ot their .0111 (~.),(84) tor 00d.1tû•• it UPOD Bi•••1t te curel

, .
.
(,ahru.) th••• (85)-
, ,
~ te.pin. vitI!' the a'boY.' thoupt., A'bÜ al-'A.bbAs,
,
&1 qucxted.
, b7 l'bD 'A.:_' .AllAh, 'ça" ot th. _~ Jd.zul ot nppori that Qod.
attord.1I1. RiDt •• Se A7I that the 11sht. 'o't 004'. H1Dt~ are
, , '
not at'tflO'tecl b7 cornp$ t1 ••• , 'tOI' the,. ar. Dot' Vith' ôr tOI' the
'ti•• C..~ât
. .Del tor Ood., ~h. Ee.per ot th."
li,ne. vaqt), lN.t' vith , \

ti_ (Ill 'aqqit )~ (86) Ac~~11, th.i~ 1i.-t. are Md. atronpr
aDd bripter, b7 th.
,.
èlarta.". ot th. t1••• ,
1 Î1 ~ r, .. > \ !
in th. lUI '11&7' ...
'
th. 1ipt o't the
, 1
.t.r., il ..14~ _~ptèr 'b,. 'th. darbe•• ot the
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-
~ 'vith th. i~ul~·~tt~~~.·t~t -'arl~~t-, ~_.I
nipt, \ J . . , ~ \ 1 r 1

IDd~~l:r to the '_1.4 'vh1~~ th. ,.&inti- Üart1icht,.~1YIr el

1

~._~ ..i~.t.~,:~~~~),nw: '~!~~'~~'.~~'~~

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th. ~~,.,ot '~',~~4,~t'~ti.• ~ ~io, ,11bà. ~!,..
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../", IJ-! ~rj ,1 '~'''''(Jl1f:-:'f:-~~'''"r~I,\J'IJ'~t~ \'l:lJ .. :~~:ï.~',", j'\, ,f' ('
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Ooel, 'who , hol48
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. . . th. . . .tt.ot.4 'b7 'th.· _table ti... , _t h. &l.o prot.cta

(JMÜn) a4 'lQ.Pport. th.. (lUtU1r 1ab";') wh_ ,B. rn'.&1. -th..
,
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.n•• , 40•• Ilot 01111' '
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to ~h. pe~pl. ot 'th. ~r1.4. a t&O~ th&~ \.~ &1-I~b" pl'OV•• b7

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..:. " ,.'

r.t.~riq 'to 1;1... Proph.t worel., ae wh~"'beara .lIII1t7 to aDJ'
.,
t.
ot X,. (004 '.) Aint. el.olar••.var UpOD •• (saI l (Oocl) 4101are
war upon hi.). (89) melz WheD l (Ooel) love hi. l 'beoOlll' hia
hearille vith which he heara, 'hi. aight with whioh h •••••• hi.
banel vith which h. strike., ,&Ilel hia ,toot cm whioh h. walka; __en
he aaka Xe, 1 Civa. _el when h. talca. rarup in .a .. 1 Civa hia ~

~.~. (90) Alli a1-~Abbi. a..,.. "hat t~. ia ".0 'beo••• th••aint

. nrrenclv,. hia••lt oompletel,. to 004 'and tiDda ntrioieDoi onl,.

, ~ / 1 t

in Hia ael ~ DO one el.. , inoludi De hi••elt. iD ke.piq 'fith

. .
004'. worcl.z Va au. ;ra1;awkkal 'ala .Al1ih1 ta-Jmwa hubub11.
. ' , .! •
(65/àl-'hJ.WY3). (91.) In thi. reapeci;, the uiD't'
/. 'beOome8 .W1ar

to a oub,in the cave ôt a liaal•• z Vou1ct th. l~one •• ,1eav. her

.\

ottçriq to Whoevlr wmt. to ki11 1t,(92 ) AlRÏ ,al-~A'bbÜ quot ••

\\
,

.everal Qor'1III1c vlr.e. that .p.ak ot

>
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004-. proteotion (ri1iuh)

1
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1

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ad support (iDti.ar) ot Bi. ain1i.z Va 'tia.& haqqa ' 'alQrl& DUI'U
\ . , •
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, . . el> •

al-tlU"W1DrD& (30/al-aü!47); Allihu nitnu 'allMbrD& 'iauaü (2/&1:-

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Baq~ab/257h ,IIID& Allio ~ ~u "&Il-1-al1ublua ÏUAü (22/~-

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 '-51-

uiDt., iIL 1Ihloh 0_, aooor41Dc to -'lM &;l... ·Abbi.,. 004 .te. out
'~. pu.i~_t 'to the ,;z.ol1c-cloer.,. 'l'hi. ryi~_t Uo7 b41' 1••d1at ••
•
taldq th. ton ot cru.lt7 ~ th. vrODf-4lo~·. h.art, l'la••ln•••
ot 111. e,., laok ot obedieDoe, o~~t1DC ot .in., 01' wu1nl' ot
bis .-1'17, 01' 1t ~ be ponponed .inoe the duratioll O,t the
\ .
vol'14, iIL Ood.·a vi."" i. Illort, -aDd, &1.0 beom.e the vor14 i.

oonai411'84 b1 (104 to be a place 1Ulvol'th1 ot Bi. pun1l1h11_t ot

Bi. eneadas, in the .... v&J aa it 1. Ilot a worth1 place
. tOI'

rewardinc Hi. lo~ad on••• (94) Al.J1'irm1~ menttoll. -">1n a ~1.t

- ' J 1

11&1 what happea to tho.a who h&ra Ood·. ,RiAt. b7 8&1iiag that
tha)" ue e'tnok (JUI'a') b)" Oocl, which action 111&7 be-conei4ered'
• . l, 0

.imilAl' to t~e t.ediate puniehJDent of AbU &1-' Ab~, aucl aleo

..at a ba4 end tn' al-khiti~), wh10h 111&7 be a~iv&1ent to
Abi &1-' Ab.... '. 'poriponecl puniBhllent. (95) .\

...
004 t. reacn101l to vrc;mp clon•. to Bi. HilLt. is Ilot the on17
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Jt
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ou that th. vroac-cloer hu to fac., for 'the Wl'OIlpcl eaint aleo
rnot. bIIlt in a oertain, W&7 that bet!t. the 01... or leval ot
AiDthoocl he beloDgII to. In thi. reepect, ";nts 11&7 be cl~.i-
" 1 1 .
lied. ilLto tov- oat8sor1e. 'accordinl' to thetr react10n to \
1DjU-
t10•• (9 6)

'lb. tira oatelOr7 Ùl;.clude.

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thos. who cura. and. ilLvoke ~l
T

llpon th.1r
. 1II'0Drioer~ beo_e. what 1. oo.1ttecl apilLllt th_
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,"lIOVe. thelr' jo)" . . ooaPe1. 't'h._ to ,00ap1ain. 'lba~ thie 1DYG-,
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';

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, !:",:/' 'j\~{:~~~:;{i "' ,,~,~t~?;\~.i;;;);~~f:J:~,~.~t~~~\~" ;;': ;'. >" ::'::, ,,« . .>k:·~~-,:·>:, ':" .::,','. ',' ::,.' , ", ':;,,",.' '1 1 \ "

\ '." J
 , Il

• thl.' ~Dt~ ~ beCOli.

Tb•••00114 oatelOr,. ot .&1Dt. 1DOlucl•• tlio ..
apPiaf ~t,o ~ tor .ppon IDd i.D9ote Bi. valllAo. upon the wr~
1apatiIDt it m. ~IAC~ ~. cÎ.l~clJ98)
1
*Q, ,vba wronpcl, 1

clolr., ba.t nDce the,. DOW that Oocl bon th••eoret bd oODoealll
~t. t~.,.r.ter th. _tt.r to n. iD .eoret tollow1ng ~d'. vorclB
. '

i.Jl tiul Qor'üaWaJIID yatawkkal 'Ali Allùi ta-huva' haabuhu

. al-'l'&liq/3). . .
Ibn 'A.ta' All&h illustrate. thia point' by relatinl'
'"
'. (65/

the nor,. ot a WOIl8ll whoa. lIole .eua ot matenuo. "-. the eas
ot .. a ohiot'D ,__ hat ahl Aid. When • ~hiet atole her ohiotlD, ahe
ticl Dot or iDvoke ev11 Ma. 'bI.1t ailent11 reterreci
. CU'II' llpoD

:th. _tter to Ood.. 'rh. thiet .lev th. chioten lDd. pluckeci Ua
teathera only to tiDd., to hill dilll&&Y. '
that,
-
th.,. grev'a11
,
over
1

hi. tace. He tried' to reseve the. bQt oould Dot, and Deither
, ooulci Ulyone el •• he aoqht help tro., Wltil a Jeviù. ~abbi tolci ,
-hill th&t hi. -17 ~.8ibl. r_ecq 1&7 iD uJriDI' th• . , . . ouae
Ma verbally ad iAYOt. ml " llpoA
' ,
hia. Th. thi.t th.D .'Dt 80_ _ '

ODe to the WOMD to aat her queniona aIld U'~. . lier aIlIV, 8ioh
wall ciOD' 80 irritablY,that th. '"
1IOIIU1. ouraeci the tlliet pu:blicly. 1t 0

ODoe th. t,ath.ra tell troa the th1et'. taoe. '!'he

~ ,
rabbi, who V&8
, , 1 1 1

approach.c;t ~or' ~ a;p:aD&ti~D. IÎàici t~t at fir~ the WOIll&l1 had

ret.rr.d. the -.tter -to Oocl who .icied vith and npported. h.r, -ba.t
wh.D ehe curaed th. thiet ah. 814.4 vith her.elt vith the re8Ul.t
-th&t th. t.a1her. tell ott, trea :he th1et~. tace. (99) l
. '"

p -, ~ ,
'!'he t!Uri cateaoZ7 iDolucie. tho.e, ~o, whell Vl"ODpd. do Dot

•
aur•• or iIrIoke' evil DOl' do they .ppeal to Ood tor ret'ribution.
1 .. l ,1 ~, ~ '.~ '\ 11 , ...

fteil" att1hl." ia
~ 1 '\\ 1 l '
t,f lé...... ev.~~~ up to
t". , • ""- " '"
Ood. 80 1. their sol,
' .

ChoiCM; Bo_"*,. the Mlbed- ot al1 are tho.. who Ml iIlto 'the
. ~~h o."eaO~ .bt~'I'i~ the '1..,.1 ot the t~~ _il .erolM' Riat.
, ", " ,:,'. . ' " , ' , _, , ; ' , ;'1, ' ' .-' - ',' <,
." '\ ,..:~:, 1) 1 ~ ~ { r!. l " A h' • \, ,~, t'
\ '~' • r .... " l 1 ~~ ~ "J • ! ' r .-', " "1 ,1 t ,,'
_ _ _~_ _-.:......~_..:....c'lL"_ _______ _
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - !,.. :';.;:;~
, \
-59-
l'
~
e (lI1llcJ!qID
•
rub..,a·).
•
fte,. are "ho.. who toriive ad. hàve "Bro;y
on'their vroag:4difi, .ad ev.n invOke upon the. a ble••ing ~loh
~f: ,1

"1 i. tultilled. Al-8h'8d.hùI tell. the nory ot Ibrihra i'bD Adhu, (100)
f
~) the Ibur..anr aaoetl0,"~0 vaa &ake4 b;y a Bolelier the direo"ion to
~ populate4 10oal1t;y (a1-'~iD), u~ who, iD U18WV, poin"ed to
, u '

the o..."e17e Tht BOltier, thiDking that

, Ibribrll ne making fun ot
, . . l, c:;

~ill, gave hi. Roh a blov :tbat Ibribrll' e head ep~i t opell,. However,

the lat"er bowed dova a4 invited the Boldier to artrike again 8&y-
~
~ 1
ing that his heed onen di80be,e4 Ood'<lOl) When the solelier later
L

reali,ed tut 1t ..... the tuou. Mcetio he had II'truck, he beIlt

down, kiesecl hia teet U1d aale.4 tor torg1veneas. In allWU',
Ibribrm e&id that even at the "ille who the aoltier 11fte4 hia
.
hUl4 to strike the
,
tiret' blo", he hi.self' ftS a&king Oocl "0..
torgive hi•• IbribI'. realized "bat Gad vou1d redOlllpense hill ad
\1
punillh the other, thereto:te h. tel t ubuecl that he ehould cet

~ ,
1004 trOll the aoltier, while the latter 1Ih0000d only pt levil
trOID hi•• (102)

"
.

It\

E
• ;r

1- Go1dlihers Pp. 268-270

•
2- 00lclsiher: P. 259
3- 00lùihvl p. ~56 , lich. 118tioas p. 131
A lich. Peraonal1t1s pp. 79-80
•
Qor tmu 17/al-Iara'/93
4- 00ldliher.:
t
p. 255 ,
i
5- Goldziher: p. 259
6- 00lds1hers p. 259
7- 00ldzihers pp. 259-261
8- Goldziher:p. 256 , Qor'üu 7/al-A'rï.t/187 ,188
9- Lata'ifl p. 77
•
10- Ih&tml P. 342
11- lhatms p. 346

1 \
12- lhata, pp. 340-341
13- Ibatllt pp. 346-347
14- Lata'1t: P. 16
•
, ' 11ch. PeraQllalityl p. 81

15- Lata'it: p.13

• ,
1-6- Lata'it: p. 14
•
17- Lata'1t: pp. 135,163
•
, Rich. JIJa1:ioa: p. 1129 . ,
lich. Per80w1tYI p. 85 , Quahayrr: . p. 276
" ,
~

,
1 •

, 19- Lata'if: pp. 37-38 Sha'rür, p,n 2 p. 12

• ,
."

21- lanqifs.p. 100 (Arabie Seo.) & p. 99 (lBgliah Sec.) L

•
l'
. S.e here p. 42
2 2- (,

, 2 3- ~t., p. 360
24- IU:t.: pp. 110, 133~135, 332, 408,
. \
 -:n-_ _ _. ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _sa_cII:_ZlII!IWli_ _..-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.'.
!OC"""'!kp"""""'Wi&4
__

"
_
.
'
-
.
~
.
.
n
,
;
~
.
~
'
t
o
~
~
I
V
:
l
P
:
~
I
l
'
!
.
f'

,.... "
"
,
j

. -61- ' .
~ .... ,
l
~:
.,f~
~'
'i, le 25- lChatll: Annex: pp. 464-465
l
;..
,
'" ,
26-
. Lata'if: p. 42 . " ~
..
~t
27- Illatlli p. 117
l',
j~
,
\':
;.\
. 28- Ibatllll p. 407
.
(,
•

29- IIlatll: p. 415 1

\
,
)'

" ~!J- Ibatllll p. 406

, ,
"
~,~

k:'
),
31- Ibatms pp. 407, 416
:-.' 32- Ihatll: pp. 124;' 127, 129, 130, 364. 407 , 1
/

\- 33- IIlatll: pp. 133-135 ~ .

<. .
d "
34- Ihatm:- pp. 41:6-417
35- Lata'if': p._'24
•
, , Sha'rânIz part '2 p. 12
,
36iJLa:a'i~: pp. 25-26--
37- Ehatll: p.~389 •
•
38- ~8hayrr: pp. g>-201~. 276
39- Lata'if': pp.- 2'5-30
r ..

•
40- Lati'if's p. 30
•
41- Lata'if: p. 32 . l ,

42- Xaw8qif: ~. 76 JArabic Sec.) &: p. 82 (EDglishcSec.) .

?-

43- Lata'if: p. 32 . t ' Shà'rani: part 2 p. 8

• ~

44- tata'if': p. 32
\,
,. narrat: p. 166
.• 1 .
., , ~
'0 0' 1 P

45- Ua~a'if': p. 32 Darrat: p. 137

.
~.

46- Lata'if: pp. 3J.-32

, -

47-\ Xalabidhrs Qf'. pe

'161 vhér~' the tvo terms H.k~r (IIUl"Id) md ~

.
lJ , ..

()
. 'BOUg1it (amrid.) are ua.d ta' express, the .... 1II.~iDg express.cl
r\.....,t~ ..
,

h.re. . ' t ' . ,

/
l 48-, Lata'if': pp. 33-34 'Sba'rani: part 2 p. 12
•
49--tata'if': p.t33
•
" 50.:- Lata'if: p. 32
•
\ \
d' \
\
1. -,-
 51- M,avaqit": p. 60 (Arabrë Seo.) & p.I
'0 (EDgliah Seo.)
j
52- .~tl p. 151 (Arabio ~eo.), &: p.;136 (Engliah Seo.)
l ,.

~3- Lata'dt: p. 33
•
54- lIawiq].t: . p. 60 (Arabio Seo.) cl p. 10 (EDglillh Seo.)
55- Q;t: P~ 1 pp. 1!4-185
56- Ialabidh~: p.,79
51- Mawaqit: p. 217 (Arabio Sec.) &: p. 184 (English Sec.)
\, 58- See here p. 42 tollowing, •
59- Maw&qi't: P.' 105 (Jrabl~ sec.) &: p.III03 (Eng1iah ~c.)
v
,

61- See Jrajm

·
60- tati'ifl>p. 33
... .., .
0

al-DIn &l-Iubra as quoted

0

in ~he azmu ot JChatm

/

~ " ~. "414 ~ tlla~ th~ educ&t'iO~ ot ~eciPl~8 8I1d 1h~-d.0IIl ~

onll' be und.Maten b7 -JI>
the one who• haa trodden the path °and
no:t b7 the, attracted (majdhüb). "~

62- tati'it: P. 140 '

•
'" ..
,,3':" !batll: pp. 406-407
64- Xhatau, pp. 407,- 409. 410, 415
65- Xhatlll: p. 416
66- Ihatlll: p,p. _-3~3, '1
, \

61- IChatlll: pp. 36o-~61, 456

68-,Lati'if. p. 16
•
69~ s.è Bujw{rr ... quoted in 'the .aamei· of JCh~tDl p. '464 i that the 0

'bl•••ing renlt1D, trOll~the .&int.'

, pre.ence 1n the warld to-
pth.r with' the purit;y ot their lite 1èad to rain f&lling :hoora
'r'
,
\
the ak7, plante growing trOll the earth, ••••••• etc.

, - ,
71': La~â ~if' '" p. 13 , ~a 'riDi1 pari 2 p. 1~, '. ,,..'!
72- AbÜ 'Abd-All&h 111il î bD Rabb8h ~l-Habaahi (d. 20 A.B. ~ 640 A.D. )
, - '
wu a ala"e bought and .then. freed b;y A.bU' Bakr.JHe ':1&8 the tir8't o
,
'
..
, ""adb.d~in' (.one o~o '·~OD. ~op~e to p;ayer by c}1~t~g cer_
, 0 :tap t~l.. ) an~ t.re~r tor, the 'Proph~~.. . ,:
'.llc-I:a~br P&r:t ~ 'p. ·~9· , . Al-A '1_1 pari' 2 'p. 49 r
y

!
-63-
i1
,
(
73- tata'it: p. '13 . \

74- Traditiol'il TOH 6, p. 460

75- Lata'ifs p. 163
•
76- Lata'if: pp. 35-36
• ,1

77- lChatlll p. 457

\

'.
78- Lata'it: p. ~
79- lChatlll pp. '347, 350
'
Sba 'i'inl' 1 pari 2 p. 12
/

.r-

8a- Ma~ifs p. 99 (Arabio Seo.), p. 98, (Eng11mh Sec.)

81~ M~waqit: p. 218 (Arabie Se~.). pp. 184-1~5 (~gli~ Sec.)
-
82- MawiQit: p. 8 (Arabie Seo.), p. 32 (EDgliah Seo.)
83- natal p. 361
84- tehatau p. 329
85- JChatJlI p. ~7

86- Lata'ita p.
•
18
87... Lata'it: p. 18 c , Sba'rani: puot 2 p. 12
J •
88- Lat;tif; p. 1~
• o (
1 •
. Il
89- Tra4itiolU T9\l8 l, p. 44
90- Tl-adition: Tollle 1 t p. 406
, 91- Lata'1t: p. "19-20
•
Sha'rinI': part 2 p. 12'

1:) _. •
\ 1
94- tata'i!l'p.\2l
, '
t
•
\

. 97- Xhatllll p. 361

.'
96- Lata'i!: p. 96
•
97- Tradition:,T~ l;·p. 424
, .... ."'-""
~o 98- Lata'it: p •. 98
• .
- , 99- Lata'i!: pp. 498-99
· \ .
\\

. . 'l.-- --r--r------ .-
 ,-64-: \

•
.
.,

.
100- AbÜ IlIhiq IbrÏhfm ibn !dbam ibn lanaÜr al-Tamrllr al-Balkhr
,
(d. 161 or 162 .l.B. - 777 or 778 .l.D. ) wu the SOD ot
\

Vealth7 kiDIII at Balkh(in Ehura.in. He pve up his vealth

and vor1dl7 po.ition af\.r hearing a divine voiee repriaan-
ding hill on hi • . ; ot lite ad Heame a tamous' ~cetio.

, --
(QuIhQrI a pp. 13-14'
Sha'ru1z part l, p. ~9
,
,
,Su1..t1 pp. 27-38 ,
a1-ravikib: part l, pp. 73-78 ,
al-A'l": part l, p.24 )

101- The atory Siven in'Quahayrr p.,13 diftere iD 80me detai1a.

\ \

102~ Lata'ifs p. 99
\ •
\

...

1
1
1 •
1
1

,l'
1
'f

•
, .
\ '

..
~ \

\
\

, ,r ~ l !

. '.
",' 1 1
1 J • '

.. ,
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- •·.

·
-
~
-
.
.
4
' *' ) \

2. The Pole and Pol.llhiE

-' \
(gutb and QutbÜl1Rah)
• •
\
•
ru. ..otion. ot ohapter live. that d.al. wi th the pole
~ \
(
(qutb) uu1 polellb1p. (Qutb8niiYah), i. aot ind.pendent ot the
• •
previoua one about aaint. and eainlthood • .tot~lly the two are
- '.
interrelate4. tor lt 1a aeoe • .,ary to undera1iand the oonoept ot .
. .
\ 1 • 1 \

eaiathood in or der· ~o'grasp the tull aignitioanoe of poleship

.
in eÜtr thoupt in pneral and to AlnÏ al-' AbbAs al-M~ar in. l

pariioular. Howeve~. a1noe the pole i. oona1dered to be a e&int 1

' . • l ' .._ .!
l
o~ a h1~er level than tho.e m.ntioned previ~alY.'8Dd .1noe it
.. \ • Q

,
i .. pneral11 believecl that on11' oXle p,ole . 7 eziat at any given \
ti~e. i t beoo.ea appropriate to devote a aeparate aeotion to a
"\... . ,

di~a.ioD ot thia
, .eürr oODoept.
}fiohol.on, in hi. book, '!he Jlyatioa ot Ialam, retera to the
. \
pol. ~ ahatkh aB "a ho17 .an ot r1p. expe~i.ao. ana protound

1 ~ 1t
~Ialowledp wAoa. l.aet 'word ia abeolut. law to hie di.Oi,1••• (1)

Althoup tbia detinition tells ollly ot the, p9.1i1-ioaI-pos1iioD of

. \~

th. pole, 18t it 1e&4a the 11&1 to the other _d mor. ilDpOI":tut
f I " ! ~ ; , '

quent'on ot ho. thi. '&ll-illportut liaD ooae. to holcl' noh 8D

1aportut pO.1·U~D tro~_ a eptri tual or 1IIJ8't1~ p01111 ot viav•.

~11
- \

a raterenoa to Niohol.OD'. verda 1n th. . . . . book olaritie.

.
,,"'
\
\

thi. point ~ a. aay. that a pole bagins hie lI)'8tioal jouraey

(1.~. t01l&1'48 po~~IdüP) 'Vith P~ai. that ieada to pas.ing la1l&1
" \

or a:anihi~ation (t_i,'). Thia ~a '1N,0C?e.d.d by abiding (baqa' h

, . ' \~..,

Wioh 111 t~e ~&ti~ ot pert~ct muho04 :lDd pol., Md wh~r.

.. ' 1 , \ I~ , "

the ~l. -"beoo••a 'the c.n~r. ot

.
'th. 8P1r~ tu~, ~1vera..
,
80, that 1

~ \
.
~ ";-~
, .
".
, ) ' ...
,,'
"

• ever,. point _cl liau,t r.achecl 'b7 incl1riclual hwaan beiDp i G

equall, clin_t
. . \
trOll
"

hie etation ••••• ~.H. bu the 1"1.t to l\1i4.

,
,

" \

other. ta 004••'••• an4 h. i. a bl•••inl ~o tho •• who invok:. hi.

, Il \ ' . .
&1cl, becau•• he compreha41 th. iDDat. oapaoiti •• ot &l1 MIl-
.
\

\
kiD4 ••••••He i. th. hori.cm ot l'Ver7 lqItioal ftation &Del tr_1- '
cend' the turih.et range ot exp.ri.nc. JœOVll to e&ch grade ot
•••k.r •• n (2) What' i. impli.cl iD the~. waret. i. that aDD.ihilatioD'
(rw l ) i,' Dot the end. ot thé apiritua1 JourD" . t it ha~ ta .
be tollovecl br abicl1q (baqi l ) tOI" the pol.1 to attain polelhip
. • 1

L
~ch i8 ret.rr.4·to .. pert.ot'maahoocl or perteotion vithiD \

"-
the huazl_liait •• DDihilat10D, vIlioh 1. "a ~oo••• wher~in the
l ' .
,oul i. II'tr1ppecl
, '
ot, all 1t. cleair.a, afteotions, gcl, interena,
that iD o...~\to will tOI". 1t.ell 1t\ beoome~ objeot
, .0 aD 0
1
. th. DiviDe will,n(3) 1. iD tact \a JÎegative, ba.t n.c•• ,ar,. et...
that prececl•• th. po.itive one ot abicliJlg or lit. iD Ood.. The
latter, _cl tiJlal n ... , ••re poleahip i. attain.d, "1e pollitiv.
ancl act1ve iD th••eue tut he Who hu r.~.cl i1i not oDl, JUDi-
t- \ '-',,-

t.ata the Divine attribute. and. tc'tions ~ hi••elt to' ath.rs,

- - .
but main'taiDs a per8Oi1al relat10nahip ta the God. vith "hom he
, \
---------- "
"

is one aad. who nev~ele.s truaoencla hill. ( 4 ) .,

Althouah al-Ti.i-.iclhI dOla .Ilot u.. th. worcl pol. (qutb)'when' -

r.terriDS ~o the top ~t< ret.rré4 t~ in th~ ~reviou. paracraph., / /

, . //
/

.
". lD&7 ...... , vith re'erYation, that he lIe.s &laoet th.

~~~'1>7
ta al-Tirmidhr,' 1.
Il;'' ' ..al ~-u~.,~.(~i~ al~1i~,)~5)
ID at'tracteci ,oDe (UjdhÜb).aI1Cl not/& traveller
,~ ~" \
r'
,~ ; , / ; ~~;.." ~
lIUlft /--<

,_,al of
• _ \ , J m _ 1 " " .. \ ! • 1

or p~ih-treader (.,&11k), ancl Iii. aain.thood. cani.' .th... ! \

, , . ' , 1'. , " -' ': " ;,

00c1. iD the AID_ "..,. .. KÙIIIÎIIII.~ '. pr'Opheo7 is~ BtaaPe4 'tlith l.,~
004 'a ~..
• •

... : • ,'(" " ...

",,,'
" f,r
",.,,~
1

" .' \
'. ,
1
,

J $ ~I
,r •• "

'.
": ' '

'.
J t 1 <, '\ ~:-(!I'l; . ~ _:;.<' 1\ ~ ... _.' 'l, "
 /'

~1-

.- " ,
••al. a. i. th. \~l.ad..r (~,....j, ot al1 Il&iDt. who D~ecl hi. ~ ..d.iation
(lIhati'ah) iD th. _ • . ; u poph.t. 1l"~ the ••cH.atio" ot

.
Iblb....4. (6) Be

Aint. uel ..
i~ th. o~.
kI;lOV1~~ ot th. ~ latt.r.'
Who 1. utruned. vith a reoo~
natioll' u,' 1n.l.,(1)
ot all ,\
,

be.1el•• urine th. v.il ~in.el tor hi. ott th. l'tatton. ot Jn'oph.tll,
the1~ rak., lina, _el ~har~ter11~tio,. (8) In spiie ot the :l.Jlp1i-
oation whioh ari ••• rra ihi. ~Dalct t .speci.l1l trOll th. OOIl- '.
" pari.oD bet":'c th1 ••a1~t anel lluhuaad.
"
,
11&7 be one uul onll one ot hi. type, &l-'1'1rm.iclhr doe. Dot .H:1
. '
ih~ PrOPh.;, that there' '\
,
'

01'&1'11 whether .&:I.nihood. ot th1. UIIl1tucle 111&1 r.our at clitt.reut

, 1t1. . . or t~t '1t happell. onl7 Once at all till'. u, tor' euip1••

'Arabr. (9)
\

i. l'tatecl IDOn eaphat1oa1 1 b1 10.eODe 11k. Xoh1i" al-DlD 11m

Bo~.r-,:r
,

.renoe 1~
.
du, to al-'l'1l'll1dh!"1 expl8D~tioD
1 Il
ot the twc Arabie wor "khatu" and "khat1m", wh1ch he' uses in
. -oollD.ectiQll with proph.01 aD4' Prophet., the tirat to .eu. "the 1aBt
ot", 1Ihich ••1IZÛ.I1g il. r.j~., Ul4 th. HOOK "the Olle who st ..pa .

. or ••~."~ vhiéh h. KPport.,,(IO) althoup thi. ret'I"Dce may

:;'
, ~

, only larve to clarit1 \th. poll1t~OIl

/
oocupi.d b1 llUoh a hilh 1eve1
~

saint ~d, Dot to iJldioat. the UatulptiOD ot"'a '.eal ot ~aiDt.. AIl-
, \ '\ \ ' -

\ oth.1' 1'eter_oe ia alllO du. 'to a1~dht'. vorcla, .. qao1ied iD ,

the .lDD~ ,ot hi. Ilhat. al-AwliP' t a~ "h. _d \ot vh10h he r,eier.
to . 't'hi. 1.ù..r
1l1&hi ri'
,
(i"') ot
~hi). (11)"ln
~t.
.
as 004'.
spite ot th., obviou.
cio CD earth (lm_ vihiclu
' '

~lioatioD -'here
. \

about a Pos~i'ble' s.a1 ot aaiDts, al-'1'1rJaiclhr. cloes Dot .,e'olh: _ ....

\ , ':'
.ethe1" that leader ot aa:l.nt. ia just one At, '
~~
t
ti.'!1 01'-' one 'at l ,

, \,
.;

, . , ,
1
 " ...
.\ " ~
1 C
,
''',''''
\
."
/1 .j.'
, , ..

'.' 1

\ ' .
or the lut ot Rint.' '1. i.,. orier Jaere. Abu al-'AD'bu lIIke. it.
. ,. \ \
--
VeZ"7 olear that he 40.. neR Iharl the opinion that there CaD be
/ . l ,
onl, md he llAke. hi."po1At b7 ottering hi. 01lQ interpr,tat10n
'p •

ot thi. Qor'am.c ver.e. Ii ·UDAkh IdA iJa10in av Ilu.ih& l1a'ti

l . , '

\ _-kh&)'l'in 1liDh& av mithl~ (2/al-J.qarlhi1tQtl). Be interpret.

the vord i78h t~ me. nint (walr);\ 10hul A71llg that & l&int ie
al.....,. replaced
.
br another '"
*0 11&7 be the' ••" e u, or bitter \ .
.' l 1 2 , 1
thM, the tirs't. (1 ) Sever&! .s8WDptions may be ûaWD trOll tbi~ . ~ 1

iDterpretati~ll, auch u, tor eumple, that the world i. never

..
void ot Il&iDt., 10r tbat Abu. al-'Abball, h1maelt 1a not le••. in '\ .'
f ,aainthood, or -.y ev. be better, thul h1s predecessor 'AbIÏ al-
0' •

!a~an al-sbidh1l~. Bowever, what. c~noerne the point 111 question

1 \ . \ '

i . -tut' 10hia iJiterpretat~OIl i. a clear ~dence ot- the 1Ih~ 'a .§;

rejeot101l ot the idea thàt there could be, at one t1..~/ a 8&1nt
who could be oOnaicler,él aa the .eal ot sainta in the a. . 11&7
aB Muh~ ~ the' aeal ot prop~eta.
"
!he ooncept Dt poleahip,
!
the h1ghe.t leVel o't aainthood, &8
,

i 1
. -
; aeeaui to ~ the .... 100 A~ ~-'J.bbÜ u 100 almolR al1 the other
-. ..
R.t1
~
1IhaJk.h•• Bovevv,
'
110 ~
, \ ,

11&1' be ot interellt 100 Dote here that

, . . .
'
1 \ 0

AbÜ al-'.lbb&a ti~teZ"~ 'tr0lll: hi. aha1kh 'AbU \.

al-BaaUl al-sûdbilr
~ ,
, '
~ on a point tbat pert~. 100 the judplHDt ot a certa:1.Q action CIl

the part ot a eaint ; and wh,the thi. actioll dIDote. th. toP " ,
" '
,.
\ , '
leve1 ot ~thocd, i.e. ,pertectioll iteelt (,~ al-Jr' Ü1), cr
" , . . .

•
juat & 10_1' level
.,.
:\ut -&7" lead to the ~
h1sileai one. The point
\

,~\
,1
(,
'
1
, ( \
. ..
• l
 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ;;

'
1
.
I
t
~
.
~
.
• "
1;. ~ .
/ .
"
"-
:
• 1

:A"'~J"';, ~ , .. '1' ~ ""',..~~~"'Yh_ ~\'h... .. "1 " , .\

~9.:-.
~,\ 1

~ " . 1 • ;
..... -", :~'/,P" '1 f 1\0.... ~I VI ' ,

" • 1
". , , .

•• ,·~.I' lA th.',att1tutl. ~t t~ ~.., wh.n he torpvl 't~~ ~Olcl.1~r,

a ~~~~at1on p.rt.ot1o~ 1t..lt, ''but .llM al-'.l'b~ .,•• 1~
ot
oAl': .. th. att1,.u4e pt ODe Who .bu 0~17 a""&iDeci a 1",.1 ()t
. . .
, '

u.1Iathood. -.4 vu n111 GD hi. D7 to perteaUon. Se olar1t1e •

. \'. ' -.
hi. poiDt 'b1 rlcoutiDc th. nor,: ot .8&'4, 0IlI ot "~e Prophn '.
ten OOlllPWOIlI, who • • tal.e17 &OO11.ed 'b7 a VOUD ot tald.q
'- . ' 1 1 _ •

po .....1on ot 'OIIIething troa her orchard. Sa 'd &dclr....cl hiuelt

to Ood requel'tiDg tut Be 'b11nd the WOIII&D &Ild Jd.1l her J,t ahe _.
, .
& liar. OOl1. .entl,: the WOIUll 10n her e"'1Bht U1cl lat8l', while 'u

ahe ..... valkiDI' 1n hel" o~, Ih. tell 1I1to a _11 and lon her

lit,. .lai &1-' l'bai. uplain. that who Sa Id. 1nvolced. 004'. retl'~­
'butioll uponothe wOllllA, he, d.id. DOt' do 1t becau•• ùe Wl'onp4 him
'\ .' -. .
pvaOD&l17 blt beCAUl.e
.. ~
abe.. *ona-d on.· ot the Propll~t' a
. '.'
OOIlP&Il-
,
iolia, i ••• a ~t of ,Ood.. In other 1IQ1'dl Sa'd ... not _a~eking
lua OD npt. :-t Qocl'" tOI', &ooorcliDl' to l'bi al-'AbbÜ, wh. "

.. aa:1nt 1. full,: puritie4 acl.deve10ped., md. ia an 'bJ Qod.,~

, o~tl"ol OV81' th. peopl., he beOomel, Ood.""" no1"d that exactl God·.
1'1gbt •• (14) '!'he a~t1t1&d.•• "
ot
.
the ~wo Sbidh11I ~a 11&7 1'8Pl'elent
aOl'e than .. 111gbt dittel'aoe ot opin10n, tOI' the nOl'7 ot 1b1l
\
ltlh_ M7 '" t&k.n ~ a IUlÛtenat1= ot azmih11at10n
,
to 'Ilt . Q

. ' e. CJod. acta in 'plac. of th. uJ.Dt

(tani') " \
ùd. WÏù.ch ia nept1v.
111 it ••••~.,. ,1da1l. th. of Sa'4 A7 be aeen, a. & lIIDit~nati=
Il ' 1 • ~

ot a~cliJa4r 111 004. (~,,) Mhere the .&int acta tOI' Ood &!ld 1Ih10h"

18 PO~~i~., ~ ·act~v~. (15) A~ '\thi,~O point,

.. ~.. , ~ \
III
~ l
1llu.tl'~t(ve 'l'et":
" ' "'l j :: < •

\ \
.r.noe to &1"'tttar-t' i . ~ ol'cle~: ~t Il (004) " ..p~~n~ the. Jq,
~ ~ ""'.': \ ' .-

'lintea_t, 1 will' ute tv W1'ath a par:t. ot rq 1f'l'&thl thou v:l.rlt

- ,., . l " '" '" t,"'"\ ' ,
n01 lie ..ro1M 10warcla' -i.t.l1o." ••à, nol' 1no111l~ toWa.rdl ADJ
<'" ., i,' .... ~ 1 ) ~- ~ ~ ~ ~ ,j _ ~ 6.

, :.1"\, 1 ( •
,,\ l' ',. \ • :., l'
l ,

" , ,
.1
1 ",
 ..,.
",
-70-
.
. '

1 '00ncenere"(16) ands " ••••• lt·thou art not angr~ Whan l (004)
'am &ngr7, thou a:ri not aine, nor l thina."(i7) \
\

About tha point. wbiob al-T1~cUd' rai ••• , that the pole i. 1

,
1,
one ot tbo.a trueportad tiraot17 to (Jod (majdhüb) _d not a path-
1 ....
~f ~ _

tread.ar (.i1ik), no in41oat:1on ie tbera iD. the vord. ot Abu al-

1 Ab... that he ehU'a. th. .,ama opinion. Conver.ery ~ wa find hiia
, , \ 1

8&1inc that a po~e .., set ,hi. kDowledse and education ~ hi.
"\ ' - . .
·pradeo•••or who reoopi.a. hill .. hi. epiritual' BUooa ••or ('khalrtah) •
./ a. in,hie own o..e with al-sh8dh:nr. Bowever, ha al.o. sqa ,that it
• \ ' • 1

happene .olleti••• that CJod trallpOMe (1&jdhib) one ot hi•••1"-

\
, .
v_te ('abd) to Hi. or brin. . hi. tOléthar vith the Prophet
'Mû_ad, :iD whiob oa.a 'the tr&lleported pol. {. Dot indabted to

.,
e

~
. tor hi. mowleclp or pole.hip lNt '
on17 to Ood Bill••lt'
'

o:r to 111.
.
~ophet.
1 ( 18 ) Theretore. in the ' . - -
opinlon ot Abu
-
&1:-' Abbi.s,
\

.. pole i ••el~o·hd. 'b7 -Ocd trOll ~7 rADk ot' ~ica whather thel'
,
be p&t~~trea4er. or 4ira01;17 transported.' In epite ot thi. ditt.r-
1 ODC. ~t' OP1Jl1011, lM ~1l4 f~~,A1Ii&J.";'AbbÜ.- al-'l'l:....1dhr
ahç-ing ~he ~e attitude towa.r~.. 'tha par.:1ocl' ot Wa1ttng, that ia

. . t. l', ,
\

devoted to tha pole t1r1al education, batora t,. &Otll&l attain-.

,( .

o ) •
ment. ,ot pole.hiPe ~-Ti~idhr rater. t~ tbia pa~iod .. the one
tollowing th. &et oUttraction (jadhbah) and aq8 ~
~hat during it
~ tw. OY.r tha aduoation ot Bi. aaint who enela· up b1 ra &Ching
th. hiÏh.et leval ot aailLth~~~l9,) 'b-tor al-sh8dhiïr- ~cJ>'AbÜ al:'"
" ,
.. 1

'1' •
place bet",an tha. when th. tiret 11&8 pol. Uld the 1,atter still &
!' ,, _, . . . ~ ~J ~" ,.J r..! J ,_

•
fo110_r:: .. Al~idh:llr uked fAbÎ. ~~'Abbia '0;;' old ,he wu at ,thé
... ~ ~ ! , { , \' < f } 1

. ,

tille. ~d ~_ the 1a'tttr ~. .r~a that 'il. vu thi~7 7'~. ot

l . ,., '
 -71-

• .
. . , al-sbidh11r laid that he would have to nit ten yearl lIore,
i.e. until .he'W&II tort7.
. 'to inherit th. riate ot absolute taith
\ ,

. 1 •"
(liddrq1nah, i.e. p01eBh1p) aner h1ID.
(20)
The .wa1t1ng per10d
\

''\
in thi.' incident wae .et to cover ten y8ar • .nd to end ~t the
ace ot. tort)' follonng the example, ot Xuhammaci who attained thel
.
state ot propheoy (nub\1wwah) ~t th~t~: Th1. reterence to 'the \
lia11azoity ~tween the Prophet 's attainment ~t propheo1 anli the' \
pole'. attatna~t ot polelhip ia alao made by al~mi~21) Vh~
..entiona that Xuhamm4d 'a period ot waiting, that Ood. devoted to
• "
hi. 'accompliehment 8I1d education bef'o~e the' Prophet attained the
~ate of prophe07 (nub\1wah), R8 ten '18erl • (22),

Raving dillCU8-.ed the nature md the at,aiJllll~t of' pole8hip,

there raMiDa a te. pointa ot intereri that ahould be"'llantioned.
,

'A,ccording to A~ al- t Abb&a and al-stt8dhilr, the pole does not have
o ;

to belcmg to a oertain nationality or 'f'amily in order to ·beco... one~

.
\

'!'hui A~
,
aJ.,-'AbbU
' . ~I: "OIIr path (tarrqah) 18 attributed naUher
\ -;
\ to the ort'entala' (lIUhar1qah) lior to the 'occidentala (magharibah) 0

- 1

b\1t to one trOll one up to al-Ha88l1 ibn 'Alr ibn AbI' 'l&l.ib who vas
• •
the tiret 6t pole .... ( 23) Theae worda of' the ah~ have tvo illlPort-
ut aspecta that ah~d be streaaed.: one ia tbat poleahip started
' . - 1

vith" al-Ba~ 1bD 'AlI illD Abr 'l'il.:i.b, ud the -ether 1a that it 1a
" >' - , ' \ . '~ "

purel,. a aatter ot apiri.tu&l. 1Dheritaace wh10h, lIeUl. that U1On. _

il
,
.11gib1e to become a pol•• 'rhe re&8on vh7 lal~aau "l, taken to
-
. l '

.be the tiret pole i •. explainecl b7.Dr. 'AlI s&d' Hu8&1B . . ate.-1nc
.
" 0 • •• •

.
trOll the idea that aince àl-Ha._ relinquiahed the Caliphate, that
• • . 1'1
(
.
.. "
.
,..
, ' ,
,
wa. ,oonl14ered to be the coterio sucoe.a1on or leadership eJ.-o'
"
lditiat.J. ~~ilùrM). b~04,th. ~eri.. ;.o4enbi~
\ .
• J'
o '.
 !

•
1

,
(al-khil~ah ~-bitinah)
".
or polellhip. (24). 'Aa
1
tir the spiritual 1

iDheritanoe
,
ot pol'ellhip.
'
that hu nothing to do witlJ, speoifio'
nationa or tuail1.a, a cleàr uample of it '11&7 be t~cl in the"
tact "hat theré vu no relationahiJ) betveen AlM 'al-'A)2bÜ and.
his pre4ece ••or baroDd that ot pole Abd diaoiple. ADother,eViclenoe

.
\
, 0

1.
,
oyen in the tolloviDc alllbo11oal !l'tory that l'bD 'Ata' AllAh
11&711' va. r,latecl to him b1 &11 un1dent1ti.d fr1end: A man of

knowleclge 8Il4 lOodne.. ..", &8 U' he vere in the ...11 oe•• t'.r7

(al~&J'itah ai-ftlhri) (25) where people were &88embled aIld look-

•
1nB up at the a1q. 'l'hen he he&l"d 1I0lleone 8&)" that A.bÜ al...fta.u
•
, al-shidhilr wu cOlline 40m trom the alq and that Ab.l al-'AbbAlI
'.

waa ••k1nc r.a47 tor hi. ahaJ,kh's desoen~ upon bill. ije lookecl
,
up toI .ee al-sh8ah i
''-.\
lr, who _. olathecl in White, de.cend ~pon

Aba al-'Abb&. Ud. cliIl&Pp~a.r 1nto ehill thr~ the latte~'s he&d. ,
'rhe IUD theR volee up. (26 ~ . "

~
'rhe sPiritual iDherituoe ot poleehip &8 cone.ired b1.. A'bÏ
~

~-'AbbÜ and ~-shidhilr oarri•• with" it an aspect °in whièh the

tvo 8h&1khé dittered trOll MD1 other _rr•• Thi. aapect,' which
. •
OODcerns the pole '. oloat (ldlirqall), 1. set out clearly in ail

epieode
,
a~ &l~d Co
'hMd,
• ...
~-Bad.a,;t, (27)' ~ "'oonte.por';1' ot "

AbU: al-'Abb&. al-llar.r.

. It 1:a eaid
, that,
al-BadawI'·. ,polellhip
019a1t wu :the olle ~e4 dotal froa OIle.ahqth t"other
- "

...ag _ in l b .n:i~ to .~. Proph~.""J;ê":,,,," ....; ~ orisi-

ul11 receivlCl 1t 'floOll' Para41se (ain al-Jumah). ( 8) Thi • •i~

D1~OaDt Cl~. ahon that the pole, -&.lIid~~ linh~r1~ hi. ~1ritual
, ,

pol.~ip troa & previoue Olle, ~delltit1~. Ma.elt b7 puttiÎlg 011

. ,
SOM &ri1ale ot 'clothing th&\IJlo other 'par.on bv." &' pale 111&7' have .,
"

i ' < 1 ,'" "

" ,
, !- --~
 ()

)
on. Thi. at,titud. va. not aclopi.d b,. th. two Shidhilt pole. who
had no polellhip oloale to hud down to th.1r wCOS ••ÔI'II and whc
actuall,. dre.s.d t~e.lleive. well and beautitully in direct oont-
rut. to )
aau,-
verl explieitly pr•••nt.d bl
oth.r .
btr. who.. aiti tud.·
, ,in

al-l~
thi. CODn.ctio~'ï.•
..

in'hi.
,
QÜt.al~lÜb.(29)
.
AbU .
al.ftaaan al-shadhilr .ummarized hi." vi,vein ~ery tev verdll
that he u ••d. b1 vay of r.apon.e and. advice to Ab\Ï &1-' Ab'b&a al-
, ,
lur.I, who had gone to biat barbering ln hi. hear't th. thoupt
that h. would .,t ro~ food and dr•• s in rough clothe.. 11-
!

Shidhil~ II&1d, "0 Alfti al~IAb'bü,.kI10""Ge4 ad be whatever~)'OU

( 30') , ,
~ah." .
A fUrther, and lIore .ipitlc8llt claritication'
. ot tbi.
po~t ot ~ev II&Y be tound in th. tolloving storie. teld bl AbÜ
&l-'AbbÜ and r.por"ted b,- IbD 'Ata' lllihs
•
Once a poor ...D (taql"r, i ••• sütf, myBtic, saint) .nt to
-
'"' < •

. ,
- .
••• AlN al.ftuaD ~
al-8hadhili ~
aDd, tincling hill
. '
dressed in rich and
•
.
~ ~ ~ ....-
.ott elath•• , aa1d t~t ...lav. ot Geel could not .be el8d in that
kind ot dr...."
In anawer, al~bi lr tel t the roqhn.s. ot the
.. 1 •

au'. cloth•• UlCl lIaid that the,. onl,. .erved to indicat. the -man 'II

neee! tor th. p.op1.. whi1. al~~u.lr.·. 0'& cloih•• 1I&d. i t clev
(\ to everyons that he . . no in n••cl ot anything tro. th••• Ibn
'Ata'
•
Allih' .xpt~n. that • t. cir••• abould not -reveal on. 'I!
. ..cr.t 1 othervi.. cme·. ~
iritua! path wou.ld. not
,
be pnuin. but

onl,.:- a ...tter ot prete '. ('31)

..
Th•••oond storT •••• AbR al-'Abbas gOing $0 al-Magbrib wh.re
. .
h. vas .ent b,- al 11 to ".et .. mnt (walr) th.ra. When h.
arr1v.d th.re, AbtÏ al-'lbbi. vas. eurpri ••d to ~ind "bat 'th. u1nt
, .
\\
in qu.stion reaicl.d iJl ... _j.siio hou•• aAd va• .dr••••d. :ln th.

"
 ,", -74-

tinest ot olothe.. Hi, surpriae waa d~bled at the worda ot the

aaint who, albeit .0 richly hqu••d and olad, reCNe~ed AbÜ al-
l '
'Abb&a to return to hi .....ter al-5hidhUr and to . . hill hov

long th. latter wauld be preoooupied Vith jhe warld, and when
hi. d••ire tor it would stop. Hovever. the mysiary waa oleared
. ' ,.
wh.n al-shâdhilr wept on hearing th. eatnt'. worda admitting
that he vaa not'ooapletely rree trOll VOrldly deaire •• He tur-

ther explained to Ali al-' Abb&s that, Gad had washed the saint' 8
heart trOll the world which Re 'plac.d into the mnt t. hand and

.
on hi. outward app.arance.(32)
.
• 1

1 last point of inter.st 'about the pole 1. what Bicholson

refera to &8 the pole matntaining na'peraonal re1ationBhip to the
Ood. -vith who. ~e 18 one.,,(33) Thia
•
oonst~t .. '1
and peraonal rèlation-
1 il .,

." ship m&7 be 1IWIIIII&r1zed in the fev 18t aignitioant warda ot al-
'l'irmidhr who 8&ylll that th. pole reaaina ~ the hold (qa~)
, .
ot poel, (34). wh';e vi II&Y natural11, &8~~ that Ood addre.aes His

saint directly or aÏ10~ hill to .ee Him, alth? thi. addrea8

and ••e1ng Bill ~ 'he, aa they ~ost probably are, 0I11y aot a ot

divine
.
in~iration.or Vi.itation. It ""1 a180 happen, when th.
~
,
,~

_ pole 1a iD God '. ho1d., that he meet. and ~actual1~ •••• the Prophet
. ~
-. •
or- Gad' B IIDgel. and exohazlge. ward. vi th them. A good example of
.,1

.
, • 0

thi. relationùip
, and. contact 1a the whcle book ot al-llaviqit b7 ~

al-Bittazor who ba.a. all hi. Arewa.nta upon a direct adelrea. 'tro..
(]od toohill. Another eiample 1a the reterenoe. and stori.s givèn

in al-TirlÙdhr'a Xhatm al-&"11';· about seeing, apeaJdng vith, and,

J \ \ '

in one oa.e, even xi ..ing the h~d ot t~e Prophat. (35) A~ &1-
. .
•AbbÜ and al-5h&dhilr vere n~ ditterent in thie oODDeotion.
 1111111 l'IIUI ,I;_Lilklllc.,a_U.1111 '1 '171_'
l' <,
.-75-
, .
Thus the tirst s,.ys that he. has neve7;" ahalten hand. wi th anyone
'1
~xcept with the Prophet, and that 11e has never been veiled f'rC?m
.'
God and Hi. ,
Pr~Phet. Al-Sh8dhilr himself
, .teatiti~s~ A~ &l-
'Abbas's latter , olaim ~g t~t
, since AbÜ al-'Abb&. penetrated
\
(paf'adha) to God. .he was' never veilad troll Bim, _4 aven ~it he
~ought the' veil he would not tind it.(36) 'The beat illuatr~ions
<J

about ,this direct rèlationahip,are.g1ven by al-Sh&dhilr who .refers ~

1
,to his ~WD'meetinga
~
with thè
.1 '
ProPhet(~7) and, more importantly,
l ,,~

'1; to his réceiv1,na direct answars trOll God Rimselt in rellPo~se 'to .
•
his que~~ons. olaiming t~at these '~an8Wë\: came to him b7 wà.,. ~ot
a ~er:i:~s voi'oe J.hatit) that' spoke toohim in ~th 'wa.ketulness
1 ','
and' aleep'. (~8 -. . ' ,~
.... ) o ' ,

, . , .
,(' ..
; \ ........... '

'.-
, .
•
'~ \ &

\ 1
",:

" l, ..
Q, ,
c'

.p
\ ' \

, . ..

~""\ :. ( ,
\
\

- --~- .
-
.. )

l-- -

.,
, . \ '
., __ .I ..

• ,t,
.'
 .
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'
"
"

-76-~40
,. t".' ...
, \

.~ · /

"
~.

1,\, Bich. M1~·tié81· p. 32 • '

, .
• 2- Hiob. JI1ati08: pp. 164-165. (~
..J
3- Hioh. P~r8ODalit7:
,
,1
.
p. 24 \
'" '

4-0 Hich. Per80D&lit11 p. 26

,

/7
5- Illatlll: pp. 342,421 ... \,

., '
6- natlll: l»P. 421-422
~
<,
• 1- Ihatlil: 'aDDax: p. 458 . ,"
, Il

. ~ lhatllli p~ 368
\

9- Khatll1 -
. ~,
aDDax: p. 479
...
, 10- IChatlll: 'pp. 341-342 'T

l ' ,
11~ lhàtlllt ~ax:, Pp'. ,451-458
", '" , ;
. 12- Lata'itr p~ 16
•
13- See here p. 59
~I
<
, - 14- Lata'1ti pp. 99-101
•
\

.
\ , .. 0 <17 Q
l~ La:ta'it: p. 25 cl: See...bere pp. 65-66
• , \ ,

16- Mav&q!flJ p. 8 (Arabio SecJ} , ,p. 32 (~liah Sec.) j

, . "" . \,
\.,-1
11- Ma~1t: p. 1~5 (Arabio Seo.), p. 146 (EDg1iah Se,o.)
, Sba 'ranr1 part 2 p. 1'3
19- See, her. p. 50
20- Durrat '; p. 18~ , ,CS' \ "
, \
i\n.tlàl- pp. 360, 407~12 ~'415 t

22- lhatlll: pp. 410, 411

. ,

·
,
~,

" 23- Lata'it: -pp. 67.75,77

o ' , • ~ \' r _

' 24- Al-Mab: pp. 35,'43-44' (quotlng &l-suyÜii ~. Ta.'Y1d al-

.
haqrqah
. a1-'alinab p. 70, a D&r &l-Kutub (Cairo, EgJpt)
.
maDu.~ript Ifo 3016 'l'aaawwut wa akh1&q .dIniyyah.) ,
\
\
.'
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, ' : \
, '

, - ___ ,1 IL __ - ......
 "

l' .
.
-77- "

25- Ai-Qaritah al-llUlhri (the 1iDal1 'oellleter1) wu Olle ot two

• J ' . ./ ' _

oe.eteriea in Cairo, the other 'bein, a1o.Qarâtah al-b.'bra

('the,l"'., big, or major oe.eter7). Tbe f'~rll1i wu 8ttuatecl
on the .ide ot the lIodntain ot a1-1uqattam on th. outakirta·
Cl " •• \

, ot Cairo ~1. the aeoond. 1a7 in But Cairo next to the

re.idential area. ' '0 .. ,
(J.l-Ibutat: part 4 p. 311)
. "• • \.
26- Lati'it: pp. 8t-82
•
~7- Sea here f'ootnot. No 1~ pp. 8-9
'28- Al-Adab: p. 40 (quotin, 'Abd-iù.~amad ~-D1n, in hi.
Ir bOok al-Jaw8hir \al-aUli~ rr al-niabah \11& al-km-a..at al-
AlllaadiJ'1ù" Curo, 1277 A.B. 1860 A~D., p. 26.)
• - l '

29- QÜt: part 1· P~'. 520-534, 527

30- Lata'it: p.e 145
• "
\ \-
. \ \.

,\ ·.
3"1- Lata'it: p. 145

. .Lat.'it: pp. 164-165-

)2-
'
, -Sha'rür: -part 2 p. 16 . \
. \.

"
))- lioh. Peraona1it71 p. 26
34- Khat.: pp. 416-417
~ c , ..
-\
.
35- Khat.: pp. 16, 25, 2~

36- Latatit: p. 7~ .
•
,
!I

37- Durrat: pp. 32, 33, 38, 138, 142-143, 145,,187. 195
La~a'i9 pp. 56, 65, > "', ;Bla'ranI: part 2 pp. 5t 7
.
1

Il: Ifatahat: p. 568

, ~

.,
~

.38- Durrat: pp. 28, 146, 165, 166, 174. 175 l

Lata'it: p. 63 cl: Sha ;riAts pari '2 pp. 6, 1

\ • 1
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--:._ _ _ _....01:):~_ _ _ _ L·
 ~78-
.
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3. The Seeker.
.
, ,

. ~
, Baving dillCU••ecI, in the previou. tvo .ection. of thi.
, ,
chapt el' , eaint. and aa1nthood, IIld pole. 'and pOle8hip, i i may'
be appropriate at thi. etage to etate that lt 'ia only 0~OU8
,,
• • 1 ./

that' a11 the pr0l'heta and meaaengera of, Ood. 1I8re orda1n,d to be'
..
•
in the world for one Purpoae vhich ft. to guid.e people to .Ood. \
1 - •
0 '- '

.'
1 ,

They did not exist in thè worl!i for their ol,lD SOoéi but, tOI' Ithe

pocl and pidaDce of the people. Bence, i t tollon. onll natur-

, .
al11 that ~ho" p.ople called aaiDta 8114 pole. have ~wo duti •.•·
. .
to' pertol'1lt one ·t,oVU'd. th•••• lv.a as hUJUD _iDp, aM. _other •
. \, ,

. \
\1 ...

tovarda their ,tello1l men in their oapacity of BUoC?e.aors;.ot, f

.
ba.t 'Dot .ë[u&l. to, th. prOPl1eta. The.e ;"0 dutiea ha,.,. beeÎ1
~ pointecl out, in puaiDg, in the previoua .ecti~n &8 t~e achl~

ve"nt of azmihilation (faDi') or '* riate of'iia~.1v{tl Uld' n.ga-

<l

t'ivi ty wh.r. Oocl take. complete cémtrol of his llaint,' aD &Chi.-

nment tha-t fultils the a.i~t ta dut7 towarda ~•••lf J ad the
........ , . , " \ '\

\ passin, on to the- .econd -'ace 'ot' ~Dicling ('baqi t) or a, atat'e of "

poa1tivitl where the Noint sot. t01flU'cla \ ~

~he people vlùle at th.
~ t1.. ~tailÙDB hi. pvaonal. relationllhip v1th Oocl with. ,'f.

.'
 \.

..-19-
, 0

'\
not tr.ad th. pth all b7 hill•• lt. It 'a."'",.. that mon ntr•
."
'~~
" are ot th. opinion thai no •••t.r 0&11: 'v.ni~ ~h~ paih vith-
'\

'out th. SDidaDoè ot a pol. Whoa h. ~,obe1,UDoonditional11. , 1

\ 0 l ,
.
A1~1h~r<11 ~e" .'.t
'

upr••••• 'thia elÇha1iioal11 -71A1

\

'tut a" ' •••1' h... to h&ve th.

. l\I1c1uoe ot a pol., othvwi.. he
. \
\

will r:Lever BUoeeeci, or worae nill, he Will only, have t)1e" devil
, 0 t , ('

tor a~SDide. AbÜ alJ.-'Abbi. ,al-flvsf .~ells to h~ve titt.red trOll \ ., .

"
, t~a ceneral attitude in one aapeo" for althoup 'he au.et have •
, "
<r . believed in th. illlPortlDce of the pole'. pidlDoe to a .eaker
'J)n -the path, rinoe at le&at he him•• lf h~ prfrviou.l,. be.n suic1ed '
.
br _al-sh~11r, ',.et he held ,the opinion that aOlleti.ea a aervlDi
" . , .
J . ~
' ",
of Oocl ia truaportecl directly to Him or ar~t topther with .
, ' '\
( 2) , \
the.Prophet Muhammad, in whioh o&le suoh a person la not exact-
. •
/.. • f "
,
\ -
, " , ' "

17 a path:..tr.ader aD4 is not in ne.a. ot a spirituk -guide, for

" '
l
, . ' "
, ~),.
\ '
Go4 H1l1ae~t haa taUD over hi. l'Ùdano.~ \
Olle ot the tr&41t101la a4ereci to br,lIost pol•• , 'betors 8D7 .
~ . ~~:~ ... ~
r~~at1onIh1p ia eftabliahècl betveell' a pol., an~ 'a oertain aeeker,
' - \

.a. œtor••. pole tab. &Dy step towa:rcl, aco.ptiDC a •••ker ..one
.:. iii> t \ J \ ,'""ç ,.

hi. followera 8Ild. ••ttiDg hi. on the pth he i. tO lollov to be

, . . ' , ' '\
with CJocl, i. that the "ekef bu to WOV, h~maelt. to ~ • 1004
.
- Kualiàl b1 beinr 11811....1'. .' in"
- .' • • 1 ..
, \
*' a tzi\ae Adh.rent to,o the
~ "

Qor'~
(al-k11ab) ua4 to th. trad1tional. l.lwo rule. '(al-a,umù). A1-
.i~ '~'a =,' tlte I.~"';', or thia ....... oqt Oocl •• requi1~e- \ ;
_.t. ot n. believ'~., by eqing that il1' order to avoid CJocl 'a ,
- 1 J ...

. ,
"Ir
. 1

P\IIlithlllent one hà8

,
to "1&7 hold on
"
the SUnna i'.n thy th.orl
"_,1 ' ,
ad
,

praCtice, ••-.~."(3) ,.Al-lla.kld", &l80 '~~h~a1ze~o t~e ~~ point b1

, l.. ....... J , ' 1 ~...u ~ t '. ~,.~~ "~~ • ... ...

conc1e.lllC,'tÀ.'.ifr. iillo IRr';' ~,the,,~~~\h. ('~~tab) ... adopt

~·~ï':;;"~<.... '.,.~') ,,)/ t ' • '/.

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~" '11.... that ...

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~the Qoio,;.:.~,' th. I~~i...l••• (4) Ud. III :'
.l'eterr~lo tbe eo~bla a~Utu~a ot the IDO~1C'~~~1~t ,
line_ tarir) who al..na4 that the,. 'neval' 'ao~Pta4 thoUÎh- ilJl- -
. :/ ' l' >.1, 1.....
'I ' , ,t. ...
pire4 by thair he&MI utilthel vera mppor1id bl8Y14enee drawn
!l'CIl the Qor'Ü ~d'''he··t~a4it:l~l ~la.~ .la tOI' ~-Quù~~rt~ it ~;. .,
'./
would. be u.el ••• to 'reter to & elria1D p&p or qUotatien in his
• • •
Risilah to show that he va. a °llUpporier, ct the ~e viewpoint t
'

.
/

but i t i, . enough' to Bq that'

'\ . in hi., rlvia" ot al1 tho.e -sütr . \ .,

IUner. he ,iDqlucle4 in hi. boS)k, he.rep.ate41y stre ••ed theil'

• 0 ,

adherace to thl Qor, 'iD md th,e t.l..io rul.. " (al-kitib ~ al-
#
.
,

~ '. \ ~ 1 ,
.llM &1-' Abl?i. al-KurÎÎf tept t~thtu.ll1 to the .8Ile tradi tion-

al wq ot &dberin, to th. principle. ot I.l.. Md, aeide trom hi. . • J.. • •

,
.ii kilo_ oompetrao, ~ exoteri~,.oience. etelllllling trOll al-Qor 'm -
_ . • 1 •

-4 th. tratitiOllal I.lamie rule.)(al-llUDDah),(~) he never 1ett

l '

-1 douDt iD th• ..baA. ot 111. ~ol~ove~. M' to thil tact. The

!
to110nng two ,'euap1e.
.
are ,given to f11.iuetrate thil
_
attitu.cle· ~

o
to abow how A~ al~'Ab~ de.oDstrated hi. ~iDciple8 in.practice.
•••jHl-~ '.lbd-Î.llAh al-Iltahanr: (7) a lI10dic ot 'fèakkab,
, ~ . ,

• o

ODoe told l'ba 'At.· Allih that bltor. le.ring tOI' Alexallc1ria he wu
.... • - 1 1

, innra.c1i1d)7 hie 0& lIhaPl'L th&t, ' iD. :eue h~ ' . t tha pole thel'a, ....
h. ah~:ld. Dot prq'vith the -lait.r behind' hi.~\ Tharetore, -~~ ~. •
.et ,.l~ al-'.l'bb&. al-Murlr '~d
, • 1 \>" ~ ~ "
it wae tille
~ •
tOI'~ the~ even~s
'.~\ ~r'
pra:vv.
, ~
'
lajll al-Din Doticld'that,it he prayed where he waa he~, would bave

•
'" _ <1 ') l , ' " 1 r~~-\ .. " D t

1] <J l If ~ " .. 00) ,"" ~ _ j ~ '.. ~

'
~', ~he. pol~ ~hinc1 hi_. for ;he ~d haVe,~i8 _~~ to ,~~-~-:'.b~
" 1À order
,
t~· .e~"r ~1I.elt. i~ :the r~~11i ~/rectioD -tor., t~~~ler (.&l-
',,,, ~; ~ 1 ..

1 .... ', l ,,,~ ',' \, ~ f ~ .,

qib~ah)~·ae.e.~inC l1.,:.~"1 ~otiOD", he turaeci ar~· '-

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/ tacinl tha ~ole. ancl Vu about to Bian pr&1iDg when AlN' al-
,'b'bU st oppecl hil1 .a1;ing,
that goe. ap1n~ al_lIUNlah.,,(8)
, \

"lf 0 , aod cloe. \not approve ot Mything

.'
\

4 "

'l'he ,.oolUi illurirative 8tor;y i. giva. bT IbIl 'At~' AllAh

•
quating a CVt&i1l SulQIIÜ i'bD p "
al-Bikh1. Who r~cO\Ult. that ol1oe , t

h,e invitecl AlRÏ al-'AlI'" to hi. place ad., whil~ the two were-
, /
, - '
aatinl vatel' ..alon, Sul..,.an all1ced AbÜ al-~Abbi. about a llUoh
. , e

'. taltecl about man who

~
ude. ot people ca.rryinl bamler. but who did. not attend th. Priday
1

pr&1er. At tha Ileri:tion ot thi.

trav~lled
-
around followecl b7 larse multit-

1D&Il, ib.i· al-'Abbia beo..e up.et,

\ ...

.
-1 " 'i 1 0 _
, "
- 8'ttppecl, a.~ting,- u4 Rid that i1".. he ~,~OWJl that Sul&1UD _
"" - , "'. -

'would.: ça_about noh' , a.. peraon he woUld not have acoepted. }ü..
'" - ,
, .
iJlvitation" tor he .. , oOl1aidered hiA a
. . ~a~torller ot objectionablé
'

non-Illllllic act. C~ Nll al-bida,)~(9) ~~': ",

• _ • "'f ...- • \ JI , "

A~ al-'nb&a &1-llur.r ha4 â" cmain Oode that he alwqe , ~

tolloweel iD eleaJ.1Dg vith :tho•• *0 'loup" ~~. pidaDce OD the ,\~,._
path~ Se 'believed that -a -.eekar, who o~e to .e, hi.~ di4 ~o with
. , '
. ".,.. ...~.

hi. eapm_•• s
___
,

'atl_. 4~
Th.retore he never aaked hill to .wait - nOr • 1
... '

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1
1

\
.. delçecl their aeetiDg·.. tor ,&a:7 re..on, tor ,he va. ot the .. ~
opiiii. - ~ "i'-'~·;.
th&t ~b1. ~ ""li lead ta .ih~. _~'~ -tluè 01 .,.,:,,~ ••.. .- ~

.. ':1
becOlliDg ext~abec1. (10) .0Hover, ~. n,ver ~.~cl ~ha~ ,~". 1

1
.... r, <J \ '" '" 1 •
,
i'
Yfollo_r._ "ono. he aco.Pt_ th.. aa, .uOh~, a1i&J'&wa,. tt:0.• ~:.: , .'
11 ~ - ':1 t ~ '/~ ~ ~ /' .
f
f

~ ,~" ~;.r
' .

other allap:h. COI1verae17, he pve the. the h.èclolD t~ ••ek'

--f-,'' :Ir),l" 'i-~"'''' '
( ,..

- "
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" - :OoapU7 ot other., if thei"àc)"..v1.eh"cl, ,quoti)lc in • :40ing ,hi.
1 ~ ..> , " .. [ - 1 ~ ~ •

.,' """ preeleoe.sor ,al4hi&ilr -~~'. u••'d., ;t~J~~~~o ,hi. ' toN.~wV., "Eeep
,1 •• _ l '11.,. ::. "'~l ... 1 \ v • ~ 1J.~~::, . _" / ~ ''''', _( ,,~/) \, "

, , '
•
:: 'jA'1 C~IIlP&Il7', &Ild.~ 1 ~~ no~ ~~rb~cl 70Ù to ~~~p ''lb, COç~:'f ot otJ1ers •. <~I., '
. It'-1ou.~d & ~ou±oc~':·'~.t~~ ":thah mille, ~':èek ~t'~~(ll'- "," l . ' ,
. .
, .r' j
)'A', J -

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l ," 1 t \~ ~ 1

-\ .'... . . t- ',. J ~ ~ \ ~ ,.. ,1 , 1

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Aaide trOll ·•••~11lJ hi. ,•••t.rs V1thout de1&7, lU1d Ilot

l , ,~. ~ \'j' ' ~ (, ~ :

1~1iIIc. hi.,~l. o~,~ t:-.,A~ al-'AbbÜll_~ ":?'

D.,,11 a4Ialtted ••eter, Ilor ~ .an olcl
1 .. , fi • If, .(
011',' to live ~up M. ··vor1d-
"" 1/1 ..

".... to let t~e ~.~ "., Ud. ·tha wh_ th. lipt. ot lI'&Oe
'. ' . '\ .
. ,. (al-tainnah) tilt~rri ,1I1to hi. ~.ar,t, h. ~cl live up ~he ,wor1cl •
ot hi.
\ Allah, "Whu 'w
OWA, rre. will. ("12) ID hi. o~ wOrde, . . 'Not.cl
acbOllPU7 & .erchant, ve do
,

DOt-
'by Ibr&

tell hi- tO"

. .
~.,e
'Ati'

up hi. t.r~. â:d"'I'j01n. :u., or cr~~, '"' do DO~ tell 'hill tL...J &

give up Ms er~ ad job us, 01".& s~.ker ot lœowledp, w do .1

Dot tell hi. te live ûp whai h. ~*. ad jotn ua. le acc.pt·

.
o

'
~70D' aB. ~lR1e.
. h&II illide hi.
Ooci \
ad. whatever hu beeD
.
4.1I't~~.tor hi. thrOÙCh lls, vill CCII' to 'hill. TIlè Prophet '8
. , ~u~. (&l~~bah,· aing. ~~~r œ, Ühib) accolI~&Ili'ed h~lI,
" _.·v.,..~
ad he Dev~
·· to14 ~ .aeréhall~
·· tc l'1v~ u~ ,Ms
·· '.
trade 'Dor, & ~atta-
-

\ ~: f

MD to pv.. up hte èran t 'but h.. apPl"ov.d.ot the1r worldlJ' oecu- .

• 1 ~ ~

1 \1 pattona (ubib, aiDe: _~b) ,orièr~ the. to Aar Cod. in theu.-

pU'1I1l1t."(13) Ibn 'Ati~ Allah relate.his ~1G1 ezperience wi'th
•
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• ,o~Ul7. 'bÜ al-!'\~ IObj.~.ci. ,UlCl to~d the,
vbat Oocl had. 11114~ hi. cio/ a. upla1J:l~d. t~t \the
. ~

tul ti4 Dot li. iD, ablmdoDUc _rth1n8 unt11 Ood B1....1t had.
. , '

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lAD

w&-s
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t9 10 0Il cioing
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ot 't~ê ~l"Uth-

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01'4&111_ it. Wb. 1_ "t:" Allib·'h.arcl

.
th••• word., he 1.ft ' D •

th• .ba1kh ~.lillC oOllt~t W1~b. 'tll~' ~ l t

'fOrk ~d\ had JUd.
t'J ~
hila ~~.'. (15)
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1I'OO'l'II0'l'BS•
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2- La~,a'1tl p~ 67."., sia.,'r~, ~ ,2 ~.'1~
~ l ',' '
3-'laWq1t, 'p. 22 (Arutc Sec.). \p~' 42 (lDcl1ah Sec.) " Il

l
-
4- Q\1'ti 1 pp. 291-298
,
\ , .
5- ~t, p. 335
. 6- La_a'its· p. 88'\ 1
1
.1
•
7- Sèe'here iocin~. Ne 14 p. 26

8- Lata'its
.
p. 74
•,
9- Lata'ifl p. ,75 ..." .
•
10- Lata'ifs p.104
• )
, Sb&'riAIc part 2 p. 14' ..
\
,11- Lata 'itl p. 104 . , Sha'rAur, pari 2·p • 14 ~ ~L
• y
'li: Darra.tl p. 143 . ,

12:z:t:i itl Pli '104

l
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. '. .'
13- La i 11ta p.' 83, . " ,
1 . .~
•
ti.e,
1. tm. ct. the o14e.i toVlli iD Upper o!Qpt
it wu .conaiclere4 to be one ot the creat e ri,' in the
&11~, at one

area. lluali. opilpi•• u.cl to stop '&'ti q;. be-tore crouiD&' .

the , da.ert ot,'A7dhab on
~,--
'tiheir
. .
~ 'tio·the le4 S•• coaat.
-.,
'
(Al-l1œtatl part 1 pp. 327 J 381)
• •
15- Lat;lit, p. 81
•

" "
"

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,
..
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i,;'1.'·~'"
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1
 ., .
l'

Il

• l'
VI. CORCLUSICIf

A'bl al-'Abbi. al~.r, 1t 1./r.~~01labl,. lat. t~~ 8&Y., wa.

.. o • • ~

a _tF ..-tU' ot ,.tu1t. ainoU'itj. auth.tio1t7. ad. ,rencnm. ,\

• •
,.llthoqh 1t 11 cU.tt1oul" to "ter h1a to uq çeo1t1o .ohool ot
th~"t 1t 1" 1a\at all tea8tbl.,
.
"0 tinde ~~'1nto till't1not .
aohoql., '18't' 1" ll&7 well he pO••1ble, aCad..lIl1oal17 ap.aking, to
oonai4er hi. u & 'ol".1oa1' aüd'.
•
1Ib.o followe6
•
'in the
fi"
1

atep. ot
the ...jor1t7 ot hia prec1eoe ••or. on. .the
. path. 'L1ke the., he 414
~..

. '
Ilot 10 tci-an," obj.ot1opbl. extr.... ei,ther in hi. bal1.tl;
... hi.
. ,
"

t.~1n,., or hi. ~e ot lite" 'bIl~ adhered. t&1th~ll:r ta th"

Qor'in (al-lCi~&b) ~d th. talwo t~ad1tioD8l rule. and ways

Honver, .lbii ~_. Abb&a md \ hia ahaykh beiore hill d1tt.red

trOll 1
fAIZq' preéecJ 1nc _tr llUter. on ••veral poin". that ,lUke ot
( ) . i), •

!
1
"

the ShadbIlf p,.th a dist1not one ..one "he ntI gr:'OUpl. Por .x....

ah.
l " ., , •

, ple. the tvo aha~1 did. Ilot . . . ,1" undatcir7 upon. èn7 aetik."

0,
(IINl"rd) to have a . as hi. guiele, for ·~h.7 'believeel' that, '.'
.". .. 4

Qod'B1maelt might inBPire a a.eker in a direot ~ or ~ ~

topthèr v1th n.' Prophet. 1~ vh1ch cu. ~he •••lter would. Ilot, bé
• i

incl.bted to' 8D7 auter tor hi. kIlovlëqe but' cml7 :t~ God aàd th.
PropbJ. ('1) Doth.r uaapl~
, ,
i. tha~ th...'tvo· Sh'i4h11r, pol......r.
,', l ,', .
. .'
\
11.0",
' .
Inlpport.ra ot the .nitr
~
.- 010_ (Wrqah)' DOr :ot ..u1ng
0
, '
roulh
' l' • 1 :: '"
. • ,il

f clo~hea. ~ the contr~7,: th.,. ver. uaual1t weli...cSr••••d, tor .

'. '
'.
, ......~.."'~".,..~
~' "'" th:i ~1ievecl ,,~t rou~ ~loth•• ,..

" ,,' (2) - " '.

tor,~h,.~
,""

to attfact the att~.lltion ot the people &Del ta incl1cate

01' th. l!ke/~ld
- "
on17, l!I.rve~
10"- ne.4· .'

,"
" ,
, "~ J ..... ~ ••• j 1 J' 0
r '-J,l,

li '.
~~, '
~ d' .'

.
1 1

4 \~t _
~ ~
~ ~.
" II
.' , " ,
 ..
. , -86-

• b~
On. ot

hi••• lt in the
th. point. that
,

f'1.1~ il that
..
oould':lI&kë A'bii al-'Abba. ri~d all

a~'t "h. d1tt.renc~

.

be".....~ ~he

lou1 (nat.) and the 8pb~it " ,.

(rih). Tti1s point ~ not retërr~ to
3)
, b7 'the lIha1kh :ln a oleq. cut -7
- .but ' . . upr.s.e4
. .
, " .
i,n a loac poe..(
0 ,\. 1
that, d.~1t. be!DC 'ta. lODPR Md ..olt importat piece ot ,oom-
1
•
position b7 AbÜ Al-'Abbas, did not r.eeive 1ta 4,. atte~tioD as
• regard. explaaation, analysia, and interpr.tatioD either \
~n the,
pr1maryor the •• oond~1 loure.s that r.terr~d in any.. W&7 to.. AbÜ , ~

,'.

al-'Abbia.
~
Even the " ,
book 'by Dr.
"
'Air sifi Hula;yn
• •
whicb il clevotecl'
1

to -n: literatve 1À the aeventh eenturf A.H. -in BGP'\., and whioh
:it! poe,8 and prOIe ~1"~nP, doe.
'Jf • " ..

inèluc1~• •u~.. 0111111q' nM

.. • - • • j.

atte.pt ai d~a11.d' .&118il of- the po•• 111 'apité ot U. repeated

"

r.t,"no. to" 1't.,(4) Th. re"011 to~ this inexplicable av01c1ano~

1 • ,

oould have 'been -the ·illPl~oatiOD., lIhioh if"t De ,drawn rro. th.
--po..,.
. ,..-_ ---.
that th. loul
.... ~
(nat~) 11&7 be oOll.8iI1.red to be 'hi~er than the
)', ')"

( spirit (rû). '!'hi. iIlterred oODcept bd. Dever beeJl held b7 &Dl. • _ 0 ,

Iha,kh beton AbÜ al-'A.bD&. and, siDoe its iJDportance iD ~hi. lilht

ia ot value 1t~ th!1 paper &~t the! ShMtlilr ~. & n.u.t'1 ot

J ~ D ' "

the poe. ucl. lIli&t :lt tmplie. 10. live in the f'olloy.1ng parlCl"aph••.
"
\ The tiret;
" tOur l'iDe. ot th. poe. &1'. a 8IÙa&l";Y ot oertain ., . , . . ' ~

! ." ... .. ., ,

po~". that •
, .i.hava
.. bean inoluded in a qu~ftiOl1 po••d br an
.1_ al-'Abbia. Th... pouta are, 'ho" the lIOUl (natl)
"
• - '_ • 1
inquirer to, 1
, 1

'11
•
an4 MD tl ph,..10&l boq (badan) hav. ooa. to ·...oo1at. vith ~ Il '. .- .... -. 1,-

1 , ' ' ' . • • <".. .. ~~~ , \ ~ ----...,...

other~ ho!_th. 1~1 hall ,btoome att~~~~\ to,.,. '. ,(al-".. ~

, ...... ) ,:, ho" it ,hu· .~:t. to ~ ,&Cou~o.~ tO- the Pl'.~ence. ott 1t.

•
, . -
••••

. tiUh

,-
(:~iD
;w)
,It
-

De•• ( 'at_hi how 1"- .:haa 'beoome ·,ao degradecl' alth~ lt:'lip tbe
'. ','.,
Or
,
_C>
f...

.
...
, ,.

:",0 the . ~eni that 1t oompla1D8 ot rotteD-

,B,": " .,,': ..>"

, .'...
1

,,', -' ..: '

1 ., \,

j
" ... ,

1"1

~-',
1
, .. ' .
1

~-, '::,:;, .
'

,. .
, ~ /tt''''
, . ;~,
IljI. , "
' /) .f_,
.., ,~"
" \
~ r. •
" . ..
'4
 •

• ,
lmowledge ('1'1.) tel dillt1qui8h between bad (qubh) ad 100d
'. -87-

\
.. ~
~

(haun); .at it. lIotive. are tut make 1t aMÙl'al.11 lean to-
• , ,
ward., ,ad' tall into, the darkne •• dr criet driven b,1t. ÔW
, ,
'" .J 'r .
lun (ahahwab), u4 . .", "he "nth 1. about 11:. ori&'in ~ ~
(_'dit>
liDoe U. 4e.or1pt10n oamaot po~ 'to u. 1401 (nthu). .
, . "-,
.
. Ut el', IIUIIID1ng IIp the polAt, of 1nquirl, .A.lftl al-'Ab1>&s tells
hia _,inqu1rer tbat h. will aD8Wer hill 1l.1ng .oieno~s ('ulÜm) th. o

pursuers ot wh10h ire .er1 taw, mel advi ••• hia not t9 be mi.-
led ·01' 4eoeive4 by :tho.. who 4'1"e not. 'vell ver sect. in them (line 6).
,."
'.
'l'h••e lOienoel have laadark. or .ipl (ahaw8hid .1I1g. ah8hid)
. .. '\

, tbat are not oODcealed trOll on. *0 il head1ng 'tor ,th. Truth

-'
(al-Haqqj'
. ,1.é.~) fO~ t~ey, ar. &lI ~ \.
tactso (haqa'iq ~ing. .
hac{rq';') ,
et •• IUld brauch (lin. 7). Th.y Ar. acience. that cazm'ot be rëached
1
/01' comprehended by the poWer. or -comprehension cr intell~gence
(lille 8), _t 01117 b,.
~-

that al1 IDco.pu.ing divine light before

-

•
. beoOM lItill (khaucl)
which all mtelleot.
~ . md all people becoae
'cirOW1l,. (tr waun) ~l1ne 9). AbÜ al-'.lbàÜ soe. on to say. 'tih.t-' he
, will ~v~ar: Up'J,k..t~on, f~r th~ -"'tte~&8 be~~ reveale~ ~to-hi.~ o

l'
althoush t!lere 1. a lilIIit .et to whit h. lIU8t diVùlge.(line 10).
t» ,
Ue &elvi •••. the iJlquirer tf tak~. t~e kIlo"l" ot thè< abj.ct &a
"

..
j , J < • '\ ' ,

it reall.,. ia ad. not ~et ..:the iuge (SÜrah) in thi. worlel veil
.. ~. <II

"
bill (li~. 1:.1 ) • ' 0

'~ • l'l

'!'he .oul (Dat.), aooo~ to al-'lbbi., ia a 8e~ret.

,
~
-
or ~~erl. that no intelleët.
~ '"~lilli Abiib7 ~elu8io~s
ted
-
(awha. .ing.
,

waha) ~d tilth '(daran) , .(lin. 12). ~Hovevert it , "

-'
, '.. ~ 0 "

J
c....·, into, èxin~ce in' the, tJ
o.rd.a4.Ded. to i t, fand p.ople
,
lOt
1 .. ~ • \... • ~

'0 that
<;..,

'&OqUainted vitb it aac 1t re.id.cl in the. (line 13), ~t·

,
,,, " ,.
",
,
,"
, ., "
.' .. '
 &2&Z as as & t

1
••
-88-
;li,
, '1 j - \

1
_. « . \. . . . J

...
mighi be .&id ihat the, alavea ( 'abrd sing, 'abd.; i. e. beli,ver)
" , . " , \'
are itl the ftate ord~ned for .the•. before creation (khalq) and

..
• 1 . . •

tribulations (mihan singe mihnah)'(line 14). The Boul (naf.) ia

"

1l\ll&1s on the deeoent in ita wor1d. l1lte Ü&III who h&4. aD Eve At,.
. ,
the baclt of' hi. head (ri' q~&D), i.e. to tenlpt hill~(1ine 15).
• .t \.,

As tor the .pirit (~). ~t i l al~ o~ ihe ucent ~o 1t~ --' , . )

, ,
. \

dirrerent s:topa (lIà'ar1j ring. mi 'raj) vpe.re 1t receive. ~ow- ,

ledge àdd graoe (line l6),"Its equivalent in the elev~ted heigh~~
..
,,
(al-'ula) is the mirro~ t;)t u., o~1gin (ma~dinr, and Us. Tine " ,,

1
naiurVûd attributea {al'tif' aing. latffù) are lite' a aeeret
. ~ .
in what ilS revell.d ('alan, i.e. the vi.iblê œ:eai1on) (line 17)!
<

It is aù olive (zaytÜnah)
,
whoae oil' is light· (nv) tOl"" ~hoever
- . <

drinks it. Md 1ta guidance enends 1nto both the one (al:-kawn)
. ,
' '"
. ,and the ~7 (al-kçn) o.,1ne r18)"'- ~
.
AbÜ 1l--tAbb&. t1:ln 010 ••• ~he poe. aaY:i:ng ~o hia inquirer
,
thai he (i.e.'~ in·.pneral) 1a actUally evé~h1ng (al-~ll)
'iD ·a.. cl.ar· ...uing (A'Da), hOll.ver, lighi (al-nir) hides this
, - ' ~

meaning ... nier, 1. !liMen in llilk. w1th the r,,,sult :tb"at (line 19)
" . -.
. ihe blliever' become. veiled in the glor~ ('izz) of h~a Own.r
(i.e, Ood) )lbo.e ton.
" of mowledp (lIIa'ant .ing. ma'rit~)
(

have 'beco,me dittiduU io coaprehad tllrough the passage',o!

ii.e ,( lin.- 20 h
__ • 'h .. , ' \ ..

''1!1e point. that .lbÜ al-,!Abbis reter. to in this poem, to-'

, --
.-ther vith the uplaDaiioD he ofter"., give ,ri.e to a fat( CODcrete 0

.... • 1 .... • '0... 4 g,..

iele.. ~8 weIl.... to IllUch ap!,culatio~. Aocording to hill, nQ~hin«

.,~tOihe.~l be"oompreheDded ~~OU~, the ~~rii c~ .
'-. . -
and the
..."".. . ~ , . '

,t.llect ('aql) ~ ~i' o~17 .nth the help a .d1~e'~i.~~. ID&1. 0t.
1· -- l '. <. " . ' . . \. 1 •
~

,1
- -}
h • . '. o, ' ,~
, " i
" f I~ 1.

J
•
 -89-

one be able to understand. He who get B that light, as Abii a1-

• :.!!\~ \ '
'Abbas d1d, 1s not ~ntirely free to reveal a~l tne know~edge 1

he gets, for there 1s a limit,set upon him ~aking him reveal .

...,

. It is dU'fieult for 'the ordil1a.ry ,

only part of that knowledge.
~

man to oomprehend what ia revealed to him by one who mowa, for

there ls alJays the visible image (~ah) that l ~ts as a veil!

l'
~

and ~lesa he penetrates through the veil or reeeives that lcnow-

ledge as 1t trul1 is, he will neyer be able to underBtand.

An,ordinary man maywond~r that the sôul ha\ BUch a pot~n­

Ual as lust (shahwah) and that it always'leans towards what is

" ~

bad although it has.the lcnowledge to diBtinguish. between good

and bad. AbÜ al-'Abbis offers a very interesting parallel 1n

" , ..-J
Adam as rep~esenting the soul, and IEve as representing lust

_ (shahwah). '1'0 underBtand h:\.s point we have to reter to that

lesson,
"-/
about the
,
dellcent of Adam to this world, wh1ch he got

trOll
1 •
his ahayth AbÜ al-HasAn al-Bh8dhnr. (5) According to
•
the

latter, Adam, who W&8 created by Gad 's h8Dd, batore whom the angels

proatrated themselves, and who inhabited ~'s paradise for five

hundred
,
years, 11&8 brought down to earth not to be' degraded in

any fiy but to be oompleted, tor he had been worshipping God in

,
paradise by'identitication (ta'rit) ~d then 'was made to go down

to earth to worahip ,<;.Hill by illp08ition (takllt). Thus when Adam

praotised the two forma ot slavery and worahip '( 'ubÜdiyyah) he

,
bloame worthy of' being Gad 's viceroy (khallfah). The OMOUS t •

1
,i,
oonclusion that one may draw from the parallelism between the ! ~~
, c~~

"'
sou: and Adam, ie that the fir~ was brought down tOI earth, which

in the soul's case would be ~n man 's phy!,ica..l body (badan), not as
,'1

a punishment but for tbe purpoBe

,
o~
.
aohieving complet ion by-

worahipping Gad thl-ougb imposition (talcl1f). Lilce Adam, the

Boul haB itB !Ne in the fOrnl ot luat (ahahwah) t and alaa bas
ff""
lhe lcnowledge ta distinguish between good and bad. However, there
1 \

ia alway-B present an "important inferred promiBe that ~he aoul

may- become the e~ivalent. of a vioeroy- (khal1tah) ot God, which

in a s,nie places it, if on the right path, on a higber level

1 •
than the spirit. The re&80n why bne may come îo the last con-
\
clusion is that the spirit, acoording to Ab\i al-'Abb&e, ls noj;
exposed to the ~e ,est as the loul (but t on the' oontrary t ls

Bet on a continually uoending path on whioh i t iâ the rec~p1ent

/ .
ot revelation 01'1 identitioation (ta 'rif) and gracas (mina singe .
minnah), To' go baok to the paralle1iam between the sQUl and

Adam, '!8 find tbat Adam bad alraady reoeived God' s" graoe an4
identifioation in paradise betôra his deBcent to earth for oom-
pletian through iœposition (taJtl1t). Likewise, the soul muai

bave recetred the same bafora itB deBcent into man's physical
, 1

body (badan) and ther. remainl tor it to worehip Ood by imposio:-

t~on (taklrt) i:n-order to aéhiave what migbt be oOllaidered a

level e~valent to a ~caroy (khal1fah) that was meut for Adam.
~, 1 --~ ~ , _

Thu., in a aenae, it ia higber than the, spirit, wbioh is still on

-
the road. to identitication (ta 'l'if) vith no Eve to telDpt ii md
t -
. '\

nothing t9 divert it trom it. set route.

One laBt point that ahould be mentioned about AlÜ ~-'Abb&a,

1 .

befora ibis conclusi()n is brougbt ta an end, iB that about exis-

tence (wujüd) ud non;,xistence or' non~ntity, ('ad~). The impor-

taD.Ce~ of this point a.rises !rom the implication of what the shaykh,
his pr,edecessor al-shidhÜr, and his disoiple Ibn 'Ata' All&h
•
 -91-

say about 1t in an attempt ta explain a controveraial oonoept~

,
However, what oonoerna ua 111' thia ~onolulSion 1s la point out how
AbÜ al-'Abb&a &tayed' oleverly out "of a problem that might have
" '1

,} u led him avay from the atr~ot' line ot adherenoe 1A the Qo~ 'an and
the tradition&! Islamio ways (al-Jeitib wa al-llUDDaIi) wh10h he
kept fast ta all hia life.
AbÜ al-'Abb&s saya t~a;t man came 1nto existenoe after being
non-ex1atent," and will \ become non-existent\ aftef be~ng existent,
~ich meana that man ia &Ct~ally a nonent1ty ('adaIa) ainoe non-
','

existenoe lies at bath hil extrelli ties. (~)) Ibn. 'Ata' AllAh e%plains
~

';
• ;
•
thl. concept and amplifies i t by aaying that true enStenoe (al-

.
wujüd al-haqq) belonp only to Ood. As for all elae, they hav~
.
the existenoe ordained for them,by Gad, and theref~re, aince they
-
get their exiatence from Bomeone alae, the,. havé the attribute.
\

of nonentit1 ('adaa~ in them. (7) Ai-sh&dhilI speales allia of the

· ...e thing aaying tl1at the uist.noft of man, and of all ell1e Qther
1 \ \ ~

thm God, ia lilte duat (hab&') or shadow (zUl) , wlch has no

•
real existenoe of its own.(8)
,
When we oombine the atatements of the three Shâdhili aufis
"
.. ...
•
--
va oome up vi th th. de fini t. ednoept that God ia the only One vi th
reb exiatenoe", while &li else have only an illusory one. In other
" 't
wards, nothing really exiat. but Ocd. As tor the relatiOJl~ip

'between God on the one h8lld aIld the created relit on the other
!1 ' "
hand, it oould be visualized aa that ~tween the caster of the
1

shadow !pld the shadow itselfr in a senae they are the same, while
- in another sense they are, note This ambiguity seema to have had
, 1

a speoiâl meaning ta AbÜ al-',Abb&. who referred ta it aa a seoret

or myatery that he could never explain" 'When the following t'Wo

.... \ -
 -92-

•• lines of poetry vére recited to him:

"And if He (Ood) appe~8 :to yeu, ,then know that )"Ou are
not He, no, and neither are you aDyon8.·e18e.
, , 1
Il
"'No th1nga (i.e. Ood and man) are they. and they do not

unite, but haroe there 1'à a aecret t~at

r
our sc ope oam-
not tathom. ft ( 9 ) (
..

.
,
,

!
f,
1
, \

. \
'.\

,r
r
/
f

.
'

"
1 -93-
~
•
t
'.
~
\- Q
~,
'r , P'OO'l!lOTES •
~ ../
i\ .,
,

f"
,~ 1- Se. here p. 79 ...
1

:'", 2- Se. here pp. 29. 72-73

Il~\
3- Lata'if: pp. 161-168
,t • '\
4- Al-Adab: pp. 234, 236, 284. 421-423

~.
\
\ ' 5"" S~e he:e pp. 28-29
4: Lata 'ifs p. 62
, •
6- Lata'iff p. 143
•
, ~& 'rüf: part 2 p. 16
7- tata'if': pp. 143-144 , Sh.'ranrs part 2 p. 16
•
8- Lata 'if: p. ~
9- La;a'itt ~P(11Q-111

.,
. , !'

!tLilE aa
 ... 1'\ ..

-94-

• , \' - '
l
, BIBLIOGRAPHY
,

1 ...
1) Lata' if' al-llinan t r M8I'1aql.
- b -
al-sbaykh Abu. al-' Abbas al-KurBl - ..
• 1
va Shaythih1 al-Bh&dhUr AbÜ al-Hasan - Taj al-Dfn i bD
•
1
f
\
'Ata'
·
Darb , al-Jamimiz
Allih. al-Sak~darr
-
-
"
JumhUr1yyat Mier
AI-M&ktabah al-5a'rcünah
al-' Arabiyyah
•
~ 1392 A.H. - 1912,A.D. . "

(Ref'erred to as tata'if')
1 • •

2) Ki,ib Dlirrat al-AerAI- va ~f'at I,al-Abz:ir f'r Manâqib

_\-
Hasan al-8haclhil1 -
wa Tilm1dhih1 Abi al-' Abbas al-Mur.i
- - -
S1d' .&br a1-
-
, Muh~
•
~bD Abr 'al-QÜi1l al-Bwaa;yrl - Matba'at
• •
al-'adl
'bi-al-IakUld&r1nah - 1353 A.H. - 1935 A.D.
• 6
(Ref'erred to .. ·Durrat)

3) Kitab al-Maf'&khir al-'AliyYah f'I al-Ma'athir al-8hidh~liyyàh -

Ahmad ibn Muhammad. ibn 'Ayy8d - Al-Tab'ah al-Thaniyah -
••
.
.ll-Matba'8h al-'ia1r8h al-8haraf'iyyah
1905 A.D.
•
-
.
lier - 1323
, A.H. -

4) AbÜ ~l-" A.bbis al-Mursr va X&8j~duhu al-Jami' bi-al-I skand.ariyyah -

.
Hasan al-5aDdübr -
.
al-Q&hirah
'
- 1944 A..D.
.
Matba. 'at Dir al-ICutub a1-Misriyyah - .
(Ref'erred to as Sandüb1)
\[' ,

5) Al-'Arit bi-Aliih .lbÜ a1-'.lbbÜ al-liursI -

M~d
Dr. ,, Abd-al-Hal11l .
'.
,-
'
\ · - Dir al-Bha'b - Al-Q8hirah
l, '
- 1392 A.H. - 1912 A.D. .. ,
,

6) Al-I'" AbÜ al-'AbbA. al-Mvs1 ... Ahmad Husayn al~Disliwi - • • r

D&r al"'a 'arif' - 111er - 1965 A.D. . '

•
.
1) A~ a1-BalaD al-Sh&dhi11 -
\ 1 •
Dr. 'Abd-al-Ba111l MahmÜd - • •
D&r
al-Islam al-Qihirah ~ 1381 A.H. - 1961 A.D.

.'
/
 -95- il
\.

J .'
...
8) Nath a1-T1b min GhUIm al-Anda1u8 a1-Ratib' -
al-shaykh Ahmad i'bn Muhammad al-Maqqul a1-Tilmisanr
... Part 2
~
~

• •
A1-Tab'ah al-iha - Matba'at a1-Ba'&dah 1949 :A.D. -
• •
lier
•
(Retenad. to" &8 tfath)
• 1 ~

9) Rawd al-Ray8hln fi Hik&y&t al-B&1ihln - 'Atit-al-Din AbÜ

• _ ... •• _ •• - . . '_ t)

al-Ba'adat 'Abd-Allah ibn As'ad al-Yati 'i al-tamani Thumma

\

al-Makki
al-Babi
1
a1~alabr
•
-
>

- .
A1-'l'ab'ah
'

Mier
•
al-Thamy8b - Matba'-at Mua10ata
~ 1374 A.H. - 1955 A.D.
...
(Reterred to ail Rari}
•
l
.
10) Nuhr al....aha.1n al-Gh&l118h fi Padl &l.-Muhayi1ch al-süti1)'ah
.Aehab al....aqë.it al-'I1i;yah al-Mulaqqab nfayat' al-Mu 'taqid
' . .
•• •
va likiyat al-Muntaqid - AbÜ Xuhammad 'Àbd-AIIBh ibn .b'ad
•
al-Yati -i - Matba'at Mustata al-Halabt - lier - al-

.
Tab'ah al~la -
•
1381 A.H. -
..'
*961 A.D.
'
• 1 •

(Reterred to as &1~aha8in)
.... . ,

il) .Al-Irlhid wa al-TatrIz ti ,&dl 1Il1kr lll&h Ta 'ili wa 'l'al&v&t

ICit.bibi
~.

al-'ur. - .Aœ JluhAlllUd.

. 'Atrt-al-DIn 'Abd-AlI8h
ibn. As 'ad' al-Titi
1378 A.H. - 1958 '1.D.
\ /".
•
'r - l&ktabat al-Q8h1rah -
\
Kier. -

"(Reterred to as al-Irllh&d)
">
12) A1-R..a t il al-Sugbl"a - Al..-8h~ ibn 'Abb&d. al-Bund! -
Nuharaha' al-Abb al-Taw·r BÜ108 lluwizya al-Y";'!' - '1-~­
.
Katba'ah al-htholrlci)'1ah .. BayrÜt -
'
1957 A.D.
~I

'.J
13) Bat~at al-Uf. min !~at a1~ds .~W1Ü.& 'Abd al-R~ ""
i'bD ~ JUi - H&abir: lCitabturüahr..:. Sa'di - 1337 A.B •. -
1918 A.D.
_(Reterred' to &8 Hatahat)
•
 -96- ....
1

. t

•
(
..
14) lCitab Ihatm al-1wl1ya'
ilh 'llI
-
ibn a1-Ha.an a1-Haldm a1-Tirmidhr -
Al-8hayich
,
1~ 'Abd-All&h MUhammad.
Tahqrq 'Uthman
. 1
1

•• •
lama'11 y~yi - l1-Îatba 'ah a1-Katholrkiyyah - BayrÜt .:
• •
1965 ~.D •

<
. (Referred to .. Kh&tia)
<

15) ~t &l~lbb ti Mu'Ü&lat al-MahbÜb - lbÜ Ta11b Muhammad

ibn 'AIr ibn 'At~l&l-Hirithr al-Kalc1èl' -
• • •
Matb.'at Mustata

, . ~l-Bibr al-Ha1ab
(Referred to' a8 QÜt)
. ••
-
, .
lier - 1381 1.H. - 1961 A.D.
''il
•••
"
;

! "

.
.

.
~

The MawaqU' and Mukhatab&t of Muh8llUDad ïbD 'Abdi 'l-JabbV

.16) \ ~

al~ittarr Vith other fragmenta - Edited tor the tirst time,

\ \
vith translations, oOlDllentary, 'and 'indices by Arthur JoluÎ .
Arber.ry - Printed br the Cambridge Uni ver ai ty Preaa -
Pub1iahed by Xeaerl Luzac & Co. - London - 1935 A.D.
(Referred to aa Mawav.f)

17) Al-'l'a'a.rrut li-Madhhab .\hl al-'l'uawwuf - .&bÜ Bakr Muhammad • 1 • _

Î
al~l&b&dhr - Tahqrq MahmÜd' Amm al-Nanwi - A1-'l'ab t ah
\
-- ....
..../
al-u1&,"; al-Qib1rah - .&ktaha" al-1Colliyya;t; al-1zhariyyah -
' \

1389 A.H. - 1969 A.D.

(Reterred ta altKalibidhr)
~ ~

...
, 1

. 18) Al-Aà&b
,
al-Sütf, rf Mier tr al-Qa.rn ,al-Sibi' al-Hijrr
- - Dr.'
\. '.ur ~atr Huaain ~- D&r al....a'irk - lier - - 1964 A.D.
• • •
~ ~ (Reterr.èl. to al al-Adab) "
• ,
1- ') '-
. ~-

~ ~ ~
,

,~
-----
19) Al-'l'al&wwt &l":laliml' fr "ai-Adab va al-J.kh1iq -. Dr. zatr ,
~ ~---- ,
'- • , a

~ Mp..bV,&k - Al-'l'ab 'ah a1-Tham.yah ... Dir al-Ki tib al-' Arabr -

;i'
~,
, 1(i~~~ f37}~;~~,-19~;,~:~. ~o - ,;o.

;~
" ', 1

,\ '" 20~,.,-AI-Pal8atah al-Sütiy,yah fi al-Islam - Dr,. 'lbd.-al-QacUr

e
" ,c:" _:::::::::-
t; " ..... , " n _..... _ <) _ _ _ _

n:;', ~ Xahmud - A1-Tab Dar' al-Piler al,,' Ara.bi

c, ~o.. • 'ah,= al-Ula - ~ / -
àl-Q8hirah 1966-1967 A.D.

.,J.
 -97-

- ..
- 1i-a1-5ha'ran1 al-Musammah
at al-Kubra -- b~-lawaqih
-
a1-
•
war .
ri Tabaqat al-Akhym. - 'Abd-al-Wahhab al-Sha 'rini -
•

. ..
\ ,
M&1ct bat uhammad 'Ali Suba\Jh - al-Q&h1rah - ?? A.D.
~

(Re~ rred 0 '-as Sha'rani) ,

22) AI-Ri &loh

..
~oh_inoh
- - fi
.,. .
'il. al-'r.........r - A~ l- \'
QaIl:1D 'Abd.-al arilD ~a1fZ~ al-Qullhayrl Xaletabat M~\.ad
-
'A:li ubayh - Al-Qahirah - 1392 A.H. - 1972 A.D. \
( R8reled to as al-Qulllhayr1),
,
1 \

, \ \
23,) !abaqi \ al~üfi ~ Abü 'Abd-al-R~in al-5ulamt ~,\
Matba'at D&r al.J1' Mi81" - A1-Tab'ah al-Thini~ -
• ••
1389 A.H. - 1969 \ 1

2~) Al-lCawikib a1-Durri

1 -
fi Taraj1m
__
al-88dah
<
al-8Üfiy;yah
• __ 1
-
~~h~ _'Abd.~l~ tuf al-Manaw1
Matba' at -ADwar
- - Al-Tab 'ah al-Ula
Mier - 1357 A.H. ~ 1938 A.D.
. - 1
• •
(Referred ta a. al- wikib)
, ,

Yüsuf' ibll Iami'fl al-HabahinI -

..
Malctabat Mustati al-BibI al-Halabr -
- 1962 A.D. \
\ .
üit)

,. al-M_~ bi-Bada'i' al-ZuhÜr fi Waqa'i'

al-DuhÜr - ~ l - Xuhaaaad ibn .Ahmad ibn .1 y&. -
_ Al-Tab'ah
• al
'fJ. ~~-" ~ Al-Ma;ba"ah
• al-Xubra al-AIDIriY7ah
lier - 1311 A.H. - 1893 A.D.
; . •

27) Xitab Ighatbat al-U1IIID8h bi-Xallht "al-<JhÜIIIIDah - Taq1-al-llLl .

Ahmad. ibn. ,'IA11 a1",,*aqr1z1 -: A1-Ta'b'ah a1-Thaniyah - Ia.tba'at
... ' . .
Lajnat al-'l'a
195~ A.D.
• 1
'lrf' va al-Tar jamab wa' al-Nashr - AI-Q8hirah -
. \

c ,
..
,
,-
 -98-

• 28) ri tab al-5ulÜk li-Ma 'ri fat ~wal al-MulÜk

'llI' al-MaqrI'zI' - Al..J1'ab 'ah al-Thaniyah
~jnat e.l-Ta'lif va al-Tarj~ah va al-Naahr
Af-Juz' al-lwal al-QiBlll al-Awwal 1956 A.D.
•
1

-
-
-
Ahmad ibn
•
Matba'at
•
A1-Q&hirah-
Al-Juz' al-
A~1 a1-Q1sm al-ThiDr 1957 A.D.
(Jieterred to "II al-SulÜkY /
, /
29) Itti'azh al-Bunata. bi-Akhbir a1-A'immah al-Fatimiyy{n a1-
~ - ..,. - .. e_ _ ..
Khulata - Taqi-âl.-Din ~ ibn 'Ali al-Maqr~zi - Dar
,, .1-Tahrlr - Al-Q8hirah - 1387 A.H. - ~967 A.D.
"
•
, '
/
30) ~t&b
1
al-Khutat
• •
al-'llaqrr~i)'Yllh al-lluaamOh bi-è.l-llaw&'~lh •

~ ~-I 'tib&r bi_tiaikr al-lChu~a~ wa al-Athar - ~aqr-al-

DI'n Ahmad ibn ~Al ibn 'Abd-a1-Qidir ibn Muhammad al-Maqr.rzr -
Ma:ba~at al~rl 'Mi~ - 1325 A.H. - '1907 A.D. ,
/
(Raterred to ail 1-Khutat) ,(
1
• •
~',

"\ 31) ICitab Huan al-M

•
8darah rl' Alchbir MiBr lia
, . al-Qibirah . -

/ 1
Al-8haykh Jalil -DIA al-SU1Ütf
•
.atba'at Idarat a1-Watan -
• •
lier - ~299 A H. - 1881 A.D.
p

•
(Reterred to &II al-5uyÜti) ,
• 1
1
32) -Taqwiaà al~tl - AIaI'n S&mr B&sba - Al-Ma:ba'ah a1-Amiri~ -
, 1
Al-QAbirah - 1334 A.H. - 1916 A.D. ~
1
1
l

33) 'l'irIkh a1-IlIkaDdariyyah wa Had&ratuha fI al-'Asr a1....IB1Üai -

• • •
Dr. Al-Sanid ' Abd....l-' urz Salim -
Dit- al"'a '&rit '- Al~ihirah - 1969 A.D.
- .
Al-Tab' ah ,al-Thamyah -

(Reterred to aa a~-Iek~dariyyàb)

34) Al-A 'l&m - lChayr-al-DIn al-ZiriklI Al-Tab 'ah a1-Thaniyah -

•
Katba 'at Kollta 'l'BOID&II - Al-Q8hirah 1373 A.H. - 1954 A.D •
•
(R.ter~,d to a8 AI-A'lam)

1 _ ,.
 /
-------- ------ - -==
1
-99-
1
1
1

:35) The M~ic8 - Reynold A. Wicholson - London -

Rout1edge an Xegan Paul Ltd. - 1970 A.D.
,
(Ref'erred t al Nich. MyBtioa) ",

36) The Idea of' Personality in Su!illlD - Three Leotures deli-

vered in the Univeraity of' London by Re1Dold A. Nioholson - ,
1

hbliahed by Sh. MuhBllllÜd Joahrat - Xashmiri Bazar -

Lahore (Pakistan) - 1964 A.D.
(Reterred ta a8 Nicb. per~analit1)

37) Muslim Studiea - Ignaz Goldsiher - Translated from the

German "JIuhammedanische Studien" by C.R. Barber and S.M.
'.
Stern - Vol. 2 - Aldine-Atherton - -Chicago - New
York - 1974 A.D.
(Reterred ta as Goldziher)

38) The Suri Orders in Islam - J. Spencet- Trimingham -

Oxford University Preas - London, Oxford, Ne" York -
1973 A.D.
(.eterred,to as Trimingham)

..
39).J.1ftlah al-'l'atiarr -
n ....
atba·ah al-Misriyyah -
• •
'.-
Ibn &l...JChatfb -
Egypt
.ll-'rab'ah al-Sibi'ah ..:
- ' ? A_D.

40) The Koran Interpreted - A.J. Arberr,. The Macmillan

.
COlap8l1y - New York, N. Y. - ~QUl'th Printing - 1970 A.D.

41) li-Ku' j.a ~-Kut~u li-Alf'azh al-Badith

•
al-Habaw1 (Coneor-
dace de 1& Traclition Jluaulm8Zle) - E.J. Brill - Laiden -
1936 A.D.

.
(aeterrdd to &8 Tradition)

42) The New Eneyclopaedia Britannioa -

(Retened to ... Ene,.. Brit.)
'
15th Edition - 1973 A.D.

... ~
'.

'1'\
i ~

, ~
,

'\

'1. ; ..