ANSWER KEY FOR ONLINE PRELIM EXAM

LATERAL SEWERS (LATERAL SEWER ; LATERAL) collects the wastewater from buildings and
convey it to a main sewer.

Karl Eberth isolates the SALMONELLA TYPHOSA that causes typhoid fever.

The infiltration of groundwater into the sewer may range from 0.01 to more than 1.0 m^3 /d-
mm-km

DENR revised effluent regulation of 1990 states the limits in terms of concentration and/or
volume that any wastewater discharges coming from a point of source.

For a treatment plant that is fixed, the design period is 20-25 years.

A DIGESTIVE CESSPOOL is a pit for the reception or detention of sewage.

LOUIS PASTEUR articulates the germ theory of disease.

FERROCHLOR is a process wherein calcium hypochlorite and ferric chloride are mixed, resulting
in both coagulation and disinfection.

All sewers shall be designed and constructed to give mean velocities, when flowing full, of not
less than 0.6 m/s

The velocity that would not permit the solids to settle down and even scour the deposited
particles of a given size is called as SELF-CLEANSING VELOCITY.

One major source of water pollution is from the Industrial wastewater which contribute 15 %.

Marcos signed the code on sanitation of the Philippines on DECEMBER 23, 1975.

Sanitary Engineers are duly registered with the Board of Examiners for Sanitary Engineers or
R.A. 1364.

CAPILLARITY is the action or behavior of a liquid in a thin bore tube.

LAMINAR FLOW is flowing relative to a binding surface and the momentum transfer by
molecular activity only.

The manholes in small sewers are typically about 1.2 m in diameter.

DESIGN PROCESS is a sequential and iterative decision-making process.

The drop manhole is used when the inflow and outflow sewers differ in elevation by more than
0.6 m.
Based on the Sewage Disposal and Drainage IRR (Sanitation Code), leaching tile field or
leaching bed or leaching well or chamber shall be installed in swampy areas. FALSE

Based on the Sewage Disposal and Drainage IRR (Sanitation Code), every abandoned building
or house sewer or part thereof, shall be plugged or capped within 1 meter of the property line.
FALSE

Based on the Sewage Disposal and Drainage IRR (Sanitation Code), the invert level (septic
tank) of the inlet shall not be less than 5 centimeters (2 inches) above the liquid level of the
tank. TRUE

Based on the Sewage Disposal and Drainage IRR (Sanitation Code), the minimum pit shall be at
least one meter square for a sanitary privy. TRUE

A sewerage system transport coarse sand with sand particles of 1.75 mm diameter and specific
gravity 2.75 and organic matter of 5.21 mm average size with specific gravity 1.32. Assume the
frictional factor is 0.03. Consider k = 0.04 for inorganic solids and 0.06 for organic solids.
Determine the minimum velocity. “THIS IS ITEM IS DISCARDED”

8𝑘
√ ′ (𝑆𝑠 − 1)𝑔𝑑′
𝑓
FOR INORGANIC
8𝑘 8(0.04) 1.75
√ ′ (𝑆𝑠 − 1)𝑔𝑑′ = √ (2.75 − 1)(9.81) ( ) = 0.09 𝑚/𝑠
𝑓 0.03 1000

FOR ORGANIC
8𝑘 8(0.06) 5.21
√ ′ (𝑆𝑠 − 1)𝑔𝑑′ = √ (1.32 − 1)(9.81) ( ) = 0.07 𝑚/𝑠
𝑓 0.03 1000

A sewerage system transport coarse sand with sand particles of 1.75 mm diameter and specific
gravity 2.75 and organic matter of 5.21 mm average size with specific gravity 1.32. Assume the
frictional factor is 0.03. Consider k = 0.04 for inorganic solids and 0.06 for organic solids.
Determine the diameter if the slope is 1/780 in mm. “THIS IS ITEM IS DISCARDED”

𝑓𝐿 𝑣 2
ℎ𝑓 = ∙
𝐷 2𝑔
𝑓 𝑣2
𝑆= ∙
𝐷 2𝑔
1 0.03 (0.09)2
= ∙ = 9.66 𝑚𝑚
780 𝐷 2(9.81)

Sewerage system was designed to serve an area of 60 sq. km with an average population
density of 190 persons/hectare. The average rate of sewage flow is 350 L/Capita/day. The pipe
is a weakened RCP pipe. The hydraulic gradient was found to be 1 in 750. If a 450 mm sewer is
to flow 0.8 times its full depth, determine the following. Assume the variation of “n” is
neglected. Determine the required grade at this depth. 0.0011

n = 0.018
D = 450 mm
S = 1/750
d = 0.8D

100 ℎ𝑒𝑐 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠 1

𝑄 = (60𝑠𝑞. 𝑘𝑚) ( ) (190 ) (350 𝐿𝑃𝐶𝐷) ( ) = 4.62𝑚3 /𝑠
1 𝑠𝑞. 𝑘𝑚 ℎ𝑒𝑐 24ℎ𝑟𝑠 ∙ 60 ∙ 60 ∙ 1000
2 1
1 2 1 1 0.45 3 1 2
𝑉 = 𝑅3 𝑆2 = ( ) ( ) = 0.47 𝑚/𝑠
𝑛 0.018 4 750
𝑑 1 𝜃
= 0.8 = (1 − cos )
𝐷 2 2

𝜃 = 253.74°
𝑎 𝛼 sin 𝛼
= − = 0.86
𝐴 360 2𝜋
𝑟 360 sin 𝛼
=1− = 1.22
𝑅 2𝜋𝛼
𝑅 1 1
𝑠𝑠 = ( ) 𝑆 = ∙ = 0.0011
𝑟 1.22 750

Sewerage system was designed to serve an area of 60 sq. km with an average population
density of 190 persons/hectare. The average rate of sewage flow is 350 L/Capita/day. The pipe
is a weakened RCP pipe. The hydraulic gradient was found to be 1 in 750. If a 450 mm sewer is
to flow 0.8 times its full depth, determine the following. Assume the variation of “n” is
neglected. Determine the velocity at this depth in m/s. 0.49

1
𝑟 6 1
𝑣𝑠 = 𝑉 ( ) = 0.47(1.22)6 = 0.49 𝑚/𝑠
𝑅

Sewerage system was designed to serve an area of 60 sq. km with an average population
density of 190 persons/hectare. The average rate of sewage flow is 350 L/Capita/day. The pipe
is a weakened RCP pipe. The hydraulic gradient was found to be 1 in 750. If a 450 mm sewer is
to flow 0.8 times its full depth, determine the following. Assume the variation of “n” is
neglected. Determine the flow rate at this depth in m3/s. 4.11

1
𝑎 𝑟 6 1
𝑞𝑠 = 𝑄 ( ) ( ) = 4.62(0.86)(1.22)6 = 4.11 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝐴 𝑅