Introduction

According to Asian Development Bank, Fast Facts: Urbanization in Asia, only 10% of wastewater is treated
in the Philippines, and 58% of the groundwater in the country is contaminated conferring to the 2003 report,
The Philippines Environment Monitor on Water Quality. As sludge treatment and disposal facilities are rare,
most domestic wastewater is discharged without treatment. This inadequate treated domestic wastewater
contributed 48% to the total major sources of pollution according to the report of Greenpeace, State of the
Water Sources in the Philippines. The direct discharge of wastewater in bodies of water greatly affects
some areas in the country including National Capital Region (NCR) and Southern Tagalog Region (Region
IV) which were both marked with unsatisfactory ratings from the Philippine Environment Monitor (PEM).

In the Philippines, only 5% of the total population is presently connected to a sewer network and vast
majority uses flush toilets connected to septic tanks (World Bank, 2006). According to the Manila third
sewerage project feasibility study, the use of septic tanks is 70% prevalent in the whole country which
mostly are undersized, single-chambered, the bottom is unlined, and regular dislodging is not practiced.
Most of the time, discharge is directed to drainage canals. However, septic tanks can treat wastewater but
up to 10% only. So commonly the sewage is collected by water concessionaires through house to house
seepage collection and these are delivered to their nearest sewage treatment facility. This sewage
collection process is time-wasting, and consumes a lot of man power. However, sewage collection process
can be reformed through establishing a well-planned sewerage system. A centralized sewerage system will
cut the effort of collecting the sewage from the customers as all sewage will now flow straight to the
treatment plant 24 hours a day consequently making sewage collection efficient.

The treatment of sewage is of importance not just to maintain a safe and healthy society but also to
conserve and protect the environment. It plays a big role to the undertaking of keeping the bulky source of
water rich and safe. Through sewage treatment facilities, the wastewater discharged directly to the bodies
of water will be regulated to avoid further water resources contamination. However, this vision of bringing
back and keeping the water resources safe and clean is a little blurry as for the condition of Metro Manila.
In a 2018 report released by the ABS-CBN it was stated that Metro Manila faces a worse sewerage
problem than Boracay. In addition to this, Patrick Lester Ty, chief regulator of the Metropolitan Waterworks
and Sewerage System (MWSS) said that Metro Manila's problem is not just waste water, but also solid
waste. We inspected Manila Bay and Pasig River up to Laguna Bay yesterday -- they were polluted.
Diapers, shoes and various trashes were floating there. Ideally, sewage networks should be installed to
cope up with Metro Manila’s sewerage problem. According to a report last May 2, 2018 on Balitanghali by
GMA News' Oscar Oida, Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) treatment facilities can
perform equivalently as what other country has the problem is, Metro Manila is only 15% covered by
sewerage network at it would took until the year 2037 until it would cover 100% of Metro Manila.
According to Oliver Villamena, CEMO Administrative Officer IV, “Common pollutants in the river are solid
wastes coming from neighboring towns, domestic types of waste such as septic tank waste, and soil
erosion from the mountainside, which affects the clarity of our river. And they planned to make the Marikina
River a Class C river- a river that supports the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources
as well as to allow and encourage recreational activities such as boating and fishing. It should be also free
of domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastes that could alter the quality and temperature of the water, as
per the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).

The municipality of San Mateo is one of the run off contributors of Marikina River. In order to attain the plan
of making the Marikina River a Class C river, there is a need to check the quality of water coming from run
off contributors. The concessionaire for the Manila Waterworks and Sewerage Systems’ (MWSS) east zone
said the Marikina North Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), located in the Balubad Resettlement in Barangay
Nangka, has a treatment capacity of 100 MLD (millions liter per day) and will serve some 500,000 residents
in 9 Barangays in Marikina and 5 barangays in San Mateo, Rizal.

Centralization of sewer sytem will not just cut the effort of collecting the sewage from each households but
also it will help to encourage the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources to prosper in
our bodies of water, and lowering the cases of the severe public health concern in the country- waterborne
diseases.

Site Characteristics
The proposed project is situated in Greenland Newtown Executive Village, Ampid I, San Mateo, Rizal in
which the designer will design a centralized sewer system that transports wastewater in Marikina North
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) in less than 5 km.
General Objective
The general objective of our project is to provide a design of centralized sewer system that can convey and
dispose or domestic wastewater from small communities, buildings and dwellings in remote areas,
individual public or private properties.

Site Development
The proposed project is located in Greenland Newtown Executive Village, Ampid I, San Mateo, Rizal. The
project location will be covering an area of 34.71 hectares.
Sewerage System Design Considerations
In designing sewerage systems based from Long Term Control Plan update of City of Alexandria, Virginia,
the designers should consider these data such as precipitation, volume of combined sewer overflow and
peak intensities. As stated in the long-term plan that it is important to consider individual precipitation
events, specifically the larger events and how each event occurred over time. Five to ten largest events in a
year usually produce a majority of the combined sewer overflow volume. In addition, evaluating the
intensity is important because the higher the intensity, the more likely the sewer system will not be able to
convey the amount of flow entering the sewer system and it could yield surcharging of the sewers or even
localized flooding. It is also noted that the ten largest volume events do not typically correspond to the ten
largest peak intensity events.

Design Data
To be able to design a centralized sewer network for Greenland Newtown Executive Village in Ampid I, San
Mateo, Rizal, the designers gathered the following necessary data as a design basis;

Climate
The climate of San Mateo and most of Rizal belongs to the Type I Climate- characterized by two
pronounced seasons. The wet season begins in May and ends in October, and the dry which begins in
November and lasts until April. This climatic classification is in accordance to the data devised by the
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA).

Topography
Figure 2-1 Topography Map of San Mateo, Rizal shows the varying topography features of the municipality.
On the official website of San Mateo, it describe the topography of the municipality as mostly composed of
flat terrains in the western side, with presence of a rolling mountainous terrain in the eastern side. Marikina
River flood plain or river basin are included in most of the flat terrains. On the eastern side of the town
facing Antipolo City, same slope gradients can be found. In the upper middle portion of the municipality
near SitioMaarat, a 96-hectare area with the same slope range are observed and it’s cutting through
Barangays Maly, Guinayang and Malanday.
Land Use
Based on the 2016 Zoning Map of San Mateo, there are seven (7) major classifications of land uses in the
municipality. These are: Agricultural Zone, Commercial Zones, Industrial Zones, Residential Zones, Utilities
Zone, Protected Open Spaces Zones and Institutional Zones. The commercial zones of the municipality are
subdivided into two categories: (a) Minor Commercial Mixed Use Zones and (b) Major Commercial Zones.
Along with Ampid I, the commercial zones are compounded within Barangays of Sta. Ana, Ampid II,
Banaba, Gulod Malaya, Sto. Niño, Guitnang Bayan and portions of Dulong Bayan and Guinayang. It can be
observed in the map shown Figure 2-3 Land Use Map of San Mateo, Rizal, most of the commercial
establishments are strategically placed in a linear position coherently to the major road thoroughfares of the
City. Aside from being under the commercial zone, Barangay Ampid is also a utility zone of the town. A part
of its land is used for cemetery area, Paraiso Memorial Park. Also Barangay Guitnang Bayan I and Sta.
Ana (Columbary of the Divine Mercy and San Mateo Roman Catholic Cemetery); Barangay Guitnang
Bayan II (Sta. Rosario) and in portions of Barangay Sta. Ana (Old and New Capilpil) inludes cemetery area.
Barangay PintungBukawe is also included in this classification as some of its area is used as sanitary
landfill.
Population
Based on the table provided in the official website of San Mateo, the average household size is five (5). In
2015, San Mateo has a total population of 252,257 according to Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). An
annual growth rate of 4.61% was computed which is quite high compared to the previous census year last
2010.

Estimated Number of
Barangay Population
Households
Ampid I 28,840 5,768
Ampid II 6,242 1,248
Banaba 24,950 4,990
Dulongbayan I 6,944 1,389
Dulongbayan II 8,777 1,755
Guinayang 9,241 1,848
Guitnangbayan I 30,598 6,120
Guitnangbayan II 17,243 3,449
 Gulod Malaya 11,406 2,281
Malanday 15,707 3,141
Maly 13,865 2,779
PintongBukawe 4,156 831
Silangan 52,996 10,599
Sta. Ana 10,160 2,032
Sto. Niño 11,402 2,280
Total 252,527 50,505

Figure 2-4 Estimated Population per Barangay in San Mateo, Rizal

As per the location of the design project, Greenland Newtown Executive Village has an estimated
total number of households of 650. This estimation is based on the statement given by the
president of the GNEV Homeowners Association, Engr. Fernandez. Based on the data provided,
the designers arrived to a total estimated population of 3250.

SEPARATE SEWER SYSTEM

Description Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost
General
Requirement
Mobilization
Mobilization 1.0 lot 150,000.00 ₱150,000.00
₱150,000.00
Permit
Sanitary Permit
1.0 lot 900.00 ₱900.00
Fee
Mayor's Permit 1.0 lot 10,000.00 ₱10,000.00
Other Permit 1.0 lot 50,000.00 ₱50,000.00
₱60,900.00
Earthworks
Mechanical
Excavation
Back Hoe 32726.5 cu.m ₱1,537.00 ₱25,150,315.25
Labor Cost 32726.5 cu.m ₱59.02 ₱965,759.02
₱26,116,074.27
Backfilling
Back Hoe 32429.4 cu.m ₱1,537.00 ₱40,872,073.07
Labor Cost 32429.4 cu.m ₱59.02 ₱1,569,466.33
₱42,441,539.40
Hauling
Dump Truck 32726.5 cu.m 1420.00 ₱46,471,630.00
Labor Cost 32726.5 cu.m 51.33 ₱1,679,851.25
₱48,151,481.25
 ₱116,709,094.91
Carpentry
Works
Trench Bracing
Shoring Jack 291.0 pcs 250.00 ₱72,750.00
Labor Cost 6545.3 m 64.89 ₱1,061,811.29
₱1,134,561.29
Installation
works
Pipes installation
200 mm Ø 1742.1 m 300.00 ₱522,630.00
250 mm Ø 68.8 m 470.00 ₱32,336.00
300 mm Ø 1137.5 m 750.00 ₱853,125.00
Teflon Tape 657.0 roll 27.70 ₱18,198.90
Labor Cost 6545.3 m 64.89 ₱496,927.62
₱1,923,217.52
Bedding Material
Gravel 10908.8 cu.m 1,200.00 ₱13,090,596.00
Labor Cost 10908.8 cu.m 64.89 ₱77,866.05
₱13,168,462.05
Manhole
Manhole 104.0 pcs 3,017.45 ₱313,814.80
Labor Cost 1463.0 sq.m 64.89 ₱205,696.11
₱519,510.91
₱15,611,190.48
GRAND TOTAL ₱133,664,936.69

(Smart Account Solution, 2017), (Philicon Prices, 2018)

COMBINED SEWER SYSTEM

Description Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost
General
Requirement
Mobilization
Mobilization 1.0 lot 100,000.00 ₱100,000.00
₱100,000.00
Permit
Sanitary Permit
1.0 lot 900.00 ₱900.00
Fee
Mayor's Permit 1.0 lot 10,000.00 ₱10,000.00
Other Permit 1.0 lot 50,000.00 ₱50,000.00
₱60,900.00
Earthworks
Mechanical
 Excavation
Back Hoe 35380.8 cu.m ₱1,537.00 ₱27,190,144.80
Labor Cost 35380.8 cu.m ₱59.02 ₱1,044,087.41
₱28,234,232.21
Backfilling
Back Hoe 17013.3 cu.m ₱1,537.00 ₱21,442,502.56
Labor Cost 17013.3 cu.m ₱59.02 ₱823,380.94
₱22,265,883.50
Hauling
Dump Truck 32726.5 cu.m 1420.00 ₱50,240,736.00
Labor Cost 32726.5 cu.m 51.33 ₱1,816,096.46
₱52,056,832.46
₱102,556,948.17
Carpentry
Works
Trench Bracing
Shoring Jack 130.0 pcs 250.00 ₱32,500.00
Labor Cost 2948.4 m 64.89 ₱478,304.19
₱510,804.19
Installation
works
Pipes installation
200 mm Ø 1742.1 m 15825.00 ₱27,568,732.50
250 mm Ø 68.8 m 16780.00 ₱1,154,464.00
300 mm Ø 1137.5 m 23930.00 ₱27,220,375.00
Teflon Tape 290.0 roll 27.70 ₱8,033.00
Labor Cost 2948.4 m 64.89 ₱223,846.50
₱56,175,451.00
Bedding Material
Gravel 8845.2 cu.m 1,200.00 ₱10,614,240.00
Labor Cost 8845.2 cu.m 64.89 ₱63,136.15
₱10,677,376.15
Manhole
Manhole 104.0 pcs 3,017.45 ₱313,814.80
Labor Cost 1463.0 sq.m 64.89 ₱205,696.11
₱519,510.91
₱15,611,190.48
GRAND TOTAL ₱170,320,443.77
(Smart Account Solution, 2017), (Philicon Prices, 2018)

Construction Duration Estimate

 SEPARATE SEWER SYSTEM
No. of People or
Description Man-hr Quantity Total Hours
Equipment
Excavation by
5 0.5 32726.5 16363.25
Machine
Back fill by
8 0.82 32429.4 26592.11
machine
Hauling of Soil 5 1 32726.5 32726.50
Trench Bracing 30 2.5 6545.3 16363.25
Pipes installation 30 1.17 6545.3 7658.00
Bedding of
10 0.11 10908.8 1199.97
Gravel
Manhole
10 2.54 1248.0 3169.92
installation
Initial Hour: 104073.00

Description Work Unit

General Requirement
Mobilization 4 months
Permits 1 months
Earthworks
Excavation by Machine 13.2 months
Back fill by machine 13.403 months
Hauling of Soil 26.4 months
Carpentry Works
Trench Bracing 2.2 months
Installation Works
Pipes installation 1.03 months
Bedding of gravel 0.48 months
Manhole installation 1.28 months
 COMBINED SEWER SYSTEM
No. of People or
Description Man-hr Quantity Total Hours
Equipment
Excavation by
5 0.5 32726.5 17690.40
Machine
Back fill by
5 0.82 17013.3 13950.88
machine
Hauling of Soil 5 1 35380.8 35380.80
Trench Bracing 30 2.5 2948.4 7371.00
Pipes installation 30 1.17 2948.4 3449.63
Bedding of
10 0.11 8845.2 972.97
Gravel
Manhole
10 2.54 576.0 1463.04
installation
Initial Hour: 80278.72

Description Work Unit

General Requirement
Mobilization 3 months
Permits 1 months
Earthworks
Excavation by Machine 14.27 months
Back fill by machine 11.25 months
Hauling of Soil 28.54 months
Carpentry Works
Trench Bracing 1 months
Installation Works
Pipes installation 0.46 months
Bedding of gravel 0.39 months
Manhole installation 0.59 months
 REFERENCES

https://www.adb.org/countries/philippines/main
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines
http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/climate-philippines
http://sanmateo.gov.ph/
https://psa.gov.ph/
http://www.sas-ph.com/