Two-Dimensional Media-

 2 parts:

1. Support or the surface (paper, canvas, wood);and

2. drawing medium (pencil, chalk, charcoal) or paints (oil, acrylic, water color)

 has length and width

(Although some works give 3d effect, this effect in flat surface is only an illusion of depth by the artist)

1. Paper- Paper is processed into flexible sheets or rolls

- Paper is always available in various sizes, thickness, textures and colors

- It is an organic medium made from cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood, certain grasses and
linen rags.

(The most popular surface used for 2D artwork)

a. Laid Paper

- A paper processed with a pattern of parallel lines created by the wires of the mold used for
production.

(Laid papers have prominent surface texture suitable for sketching with pastel, charcoal and soft
pencil)

b. Textured Pastel, Charcoal and Craft Paper (layering)

- It has fine irregular texture pressed into the surface during the process of its manufacture.

(This paper is good for pastel and charcoal and can be used for layering but not for heavy layering).

c. Wove Paper (fine and smooth)

- This paper is made on a woven wire cloth.

(ink, drawing, realist pencil drawing).

d. Rough Grained Paper

- It has a bumpy surface

- The tiny pits in the paper allows paint to pool in heavy wash.

(Favorite of water color artists).

 e. Medium Paper

- This paper has fine grain which can look subtle when shading with a sharpened pencil.

(This is good for sketching).

f. Smooth-Hot Press

- This type of paper has been hot rolled or pressed during production to create a very smooth, flat
surface.

(Good for drawing and realist pencil drawing but not watercolor or pastel painting).

The types of paper may fall under:

a. hot-pressed (HP) which are smooth.

b. cold-pressed (CP) which has moderate texture, and

c. rough (R) which has the most pronounced surface

2. Canvas

- Made of a closely woven, heavy cloth of cotton, hemp or linen onto which painting is done
usually in oils

- Gesso is a generic term that is used for the initial coat applied to a support before it is painted
on.

(Hemp is a tough fiber made from an asian plant (hashhish and marijuana)used to make thick ropes,
flax is a fiber used to make linen).

3. Wood

- This support is known as hardboard which is a panel made from wood

- The advantage of wood is it offers a more rigid surface that results in less cracking in the paint.

(Softwoods are not suitable for painting because they contain excess resin(semi-solid-liquid substance)
that cause the paint to crack).
 Kinds of Wood Ideal for Support

1. Masonite (This wood is a trademarked brand name of a particular type of board)

- Made from wood fibers and glue that is molded into a flat board.

2. Plywood (Plywood is industrially produced and can be made from local hardwoods or
softwoods)

- This is made from wood veneers which are thin layers or slices of wood glued together.

3. Laminated Board

- This has mica, a film on its surface to give its resistance and strength.

4. Wall (Before starting the mural project, the wall should be carefully inspected for cracks, molds,
dirt, wax, oil or grease)

- This support is traditionally made of stone

- Recently, however, the walls for painting murals are made of concrete.

- It should be painted with acrylic primer to make sure that the paint will stick to the wall

Drawing Medium

1. Charcoal (Charcoal was said to be one of the easiest media to learn)

- Organic drawing material from burnt wood (Mistakes made in charcoal can be fixed and
reworked)

It has 2 forms: vine charcoal and compressed charcoal

a. Vine Charcoal (A piece of vine charcoal use on its side can create different broad strokes
depending on its size and the amount of pressure that is use in putting the charcoal to the
surface)

- Comes in thin sticks and is easy to blend and erase.

b. Compressed Charcoal (It creates a much darker black than vine and can be used on its own or
blended with vine).

- Made up of lose charcoal pressed into a stick

2. Graphite (The higher the B number, the softer the lead and the softer the lead, the darker the
line or tone. The ebony pencil is the softest and makes the darkest black that graphite can
produce )
- Pencils

- This medium is easy to use and not as messy as charcoal

- 2B, 4B, 6B and ebony pencils result in a range of different tones.

3. Brush (The function of the brush is the same for all art activity. Each one however would only
differ in the material used, the style of the brush and its size)

- The function of brush is to transfer paint mixtures to the surface

- A common brush is made up of a tuft of hair (usually animal hair) fastened to a handle with a
ferrule.

Classification of Brushes by Hair Type

a. Bristle Brush (Impasto is a technique of painting thickly)

- This is used for thickly prepared paints and is capable of spreading paints in impasto
consistencies.

b. Sable Brush(Sable brush can also hold a good amount of pigment and water; these brushes are
for more for watercolor projects)

- Known for its resiliency and cause less damage than a bristle brush.
 Kinds of Brush

a. Dome-shaped Brush

- Also known as wash brush/sky brush.

b. Pointed Brushes

- These are particularly used for making linear markings.

c. Flat Brush

- Usually ideal for making broad strokes.

 Brush Size

- The sizes of the brushes are coded in numeric designations from 000 to 8 in the French Scale
and from 0 to 12 in the Standard English Scale

 Oriental Brushes (Oriental brushes – the tuft is usually of deer hair, fox hair, horse hair and
wool)

- These brushes differ from the brushes used in the West both in the materials used and in
appearance