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UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

Peperiksaan Akhir Semester Pertama
Sidang Akademik 2018/2019

Disember 2018 / Januari 2019

EKT 353 - Principles of Digital Signal Processing

[Prinsip Pemprosesan Isyarat Digit]
Masa : 3 jam

Please make sure that this question paper has ELEVEN (11) printed pages including this
front page before you start the examination.
[Sila pastikan kertas soalan ini mengandungi SEBELAS (11) muka surat yang bercetak termasuk muka
hadapan sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.]

This question paper has SIX (6) questions. Answer ONE (1) question in Section A and
ALL questions in Section B. Each question contributes 20 marks.
[Kertas soalan ini mengandungi ENAM (6) soalan. Pilih SATU (1) soalan sahaja di Bahagian A dan jawab
semua soalan di Bahagian B. Markah bagi tiap-tiap soalan adalah 20 markah.]

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SECTION A
[BAHAGIAN A]

Answer only ONE (1) question in this section.

[Jawab hanya SATU (1) soalan pada bahagian ini]

Question 1
[Soalan 1]

(C3, C02, PO1)

(a) Compute the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of the discrete-time sequence, x(n) and
validate your answer by calculating its Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT). The
discrete-time sequence, x(n) is given by
[Kirakan DFT bagi jujukan masa diskrit, x(n) dan buktikan jawapan anda dengan mengira IDFTnya. Jujukan
masa diskrit, x(n) diberi oleh]

𝑥(𝑛) = {0,1,1,0}
(10 Marks/ Markah)

(C3, C02, PO1)

(b) Compute the 8-point DFT of the following discrete-time sequence, x(n) using Decimation In
Time Fast Fourier transform (DIT-FFT) algorithm. Show the sketch and label all parameters
on a signal flow graph/butterfly diagram structure in your answer.
[Kirakan 8-titik DFT bagi jujukan masa diskrit x(n) berikut menggunakan algoritma pecahan masa jelmaan
Fourier pantas (DIF-FFT). Tunjukkan lakaran dan label semua parameter-parameter pada struktur graf aliran
isyarat/rajah rerama dalam jawapan anda]

𝑥(𝑛) = {4, 2, 1,4,6,3, 5, 2}

(10 Marks/ Markah)

….3/-
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Question 2
[Soalan 2]

(C3, C02, PO1)

(a) Compute the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) by using the DIT- FFT algorithm.
The DFT x(k) of an 4-point sequence is given by.
[Kirakan Jelmaan Fourier Diskrit songsang dengan menggunakan algoritma DIT- FFT. DFT bagi jujukan x(k)
4-titik diberi oleh]
𝑋[𝑘] = {2, 1 + 𝑗, 0, 1 − 𝑗}

(10 Marks/ Markah)

(C3, C02, PO1)

(b) Compute the 8-point FFT of the following discrete-time sequence, x(n) using Decimation In
Frequency Fast Fourier transform (DIF-FFT) algorithm. Show the sketch and label all
parameters on a signal flow graph/butterfly diagram structure in your answer.
[Kirakan 8-titik FFT bagi jujukan masa diskrit x(n) berikut menggunakan algoritma pecahan masa jelmaan
Fourier pantas (DIF-FFT). Tunjukkan lakaran dan label semua parameter-parameter pada struktur graf aliran
isyarat/rajah rerama dalam jawapan anda.]

𝑥(𝑛) = {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0}

(10 Marks/ Markah)

….4/-

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SECTION B
[BAHAGIAN B]

Answer ALL question in this section.

[Jawab SEMUA soalan pada bahagian ini]

Question 3
[Soalan 3]

(C5, C01, PO1)

(a) Sampling is a process to convert continuous signal to produce discrete signal based on
Nyquist sampling rate. Using a suitable method, derive the Nyquist sampling rate is
𝑓𝑠 ≥ 2𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 .
[Pensampelan merupakan proses untuk menukar isyarat kepada isyarat diskret dengan berpandukan kadar
sampel Nyquist. Dengan menggunakan kaedah yang sesuai, terbitkan kadar sampel Nyquist ialah 𝑓𝑠 ≥ 2𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 ]

(10 Marks/ Markah)

(C5, C01, PO1)

(b) Discuss and demonstrate the problem of signal reconstruction if the sampling is performed
below than Nyquist rates. Sketch your explanation in detail.
[Bincangkan dan terangkan masalah penghasikan semula isyarat sekiranya proses sampel dilakukan kurang
daripada kadar Nyquist. Lakarkan penerangan kamu dengan jelas]
(4 Marks/ Markah)

(C5, C01, PO1)

(c) Evaluate the following filter equation for linear/ nonlinear and time variant/ invariant. Show
the calculation in detail.
[Tentukan persamaan penapis berikut sama ada linear/ nonlinear atau time variant/ invariant. Tunjukkan
pengiraan dengan jelas]

i) 𝑦(𝑛) = 0.3𝑥(𝑛) − 0.3𝑥(𝑛 − 1) − 0.3𝑥(𝑛 − 2)

ii) 𝑦(𝑛) = 5𝑥(𝑛) − 𝑦(𝑛 − 1)

(6 Marks/ Markah)

….5/-

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Question 4
[Soalan 4]

(C6, C03, PO3)

(a) Formulate and construct the block diagram representation of the Direct Forms I and II for the
following Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter:
[Rumuskan dan lukis gambarajah blok mewakili Direct Form I dan II bagi fungsi penapis IIR yang berikut:]

1 + 3𝑧 −1
𝐻(𝑧) =
2 − 0.5𝑧 −1 + 0.1𝑧 −2
(5 Marks/ Markah)
(C6, C03, PO3)
(b) Create the product quantization error model and the variance for the effective error for the
Direct Form I realisation of the system function in 4(a) by assuming that the input data and
the filter coefficients are 8 bits long.
[Rekakan model ralat quantization dan varian untuk ralat Direct Form I untuk sistem yang ditunjukkan pada
4(a) dengan menganggap data masukan dan pekali penapis ialah 8 bit ]
(5 Marks/ Markah)

(C6, C03, PO3)

(c) The equation describing a digital filter is given by
[Persamaan yang menerangkan sebuah penapis digital diberikan sebagai]

1 1 1
𝑦(𝑛) = − 𝑦(𝑛 − 1) + 𝑦(𝑛 − 2) + 𝑥(𝑛) − 𝑥(𝑛 − 1)
4 8 2

i) Solve the system function in H(z).

[Selesaikan fungsi sistem tersebutdi dalam H(z).]
(5 Marks/ Markah)

ii) Construct the parallel realisation structures of the system function.

[Rekabentuk struktur realisasi bentuk selari bagi fungsi sistem tersebut.]

(5 Marks/ Markah)

….6/-

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Question 5
[Soalan 5]

(C6, C03, PO3)

(a) By using Bilinear Transformation method, design a Normalized Lowpass IIR Butterworth
filter to achieve the following specification. Filter coefficients are given in the Appendix.
[Dengan menggunakan jelmaan bilinear, rekakan penapis lulus rendah Butterworth IIR untuk mencapai
spesifikasi berikut. Pekali penapis diberikan di dalam lampiran]

Passband frequency 𝑓𝑝 = 5𝑘𝐻𝑧

Stopband frequency 𝑓𝑠 = 10𝑘𝐻𝑧
Stopband attenuation 𝛿𝑠 = 0.2
Passband attenuation 𝛿𝑠 = 0.2

(10 Marks/ Markah)

(C6, C03, PO3)

(b) Design a Lowpass FIR filter that has the following specifications:
[Rekakan penapis lulus rendah FIR yang mempunyai spesifikasi berikut:]

Pass-band attenuation = 0.01

Stop-band attenuation = 0.03
Normalized Pass-band frequency = 0.2π
Normalised Stop-band frequency = 0.8π

Suggest a suitable windowing technique to achieve this specification. Compute a filter

equation in H(z).
[Cadangkan teknik tetingkap yang sesuai untuk mencapai spesikasi ini. Kirakan persamaan penapis
di dalam H(z)]
(10 Marks/ Markah)

….7/-

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Question 6
[Soalan 6]

(C4, CO4, PO2)

(a) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is the technology that allows computer system to
recognize human voice or person identity based on speech signal. It consists of two parts,
front-end and pattern recognition. Explain the basic feature extraction principle used in ASR.
[Pengecaman Ucapan Automatik (ASR) adalah teknologi yang membolehkan sistem komputer mengenali suara
manusia atau identiti orang berdasarkan isyarat pertuturan. Ia mengandungi dua bahagian iaitu bahagian
hadapan dan pengecaman paten. Terangkan prinsip asas pengekstrakan ciri yang digunakan dalam ASR.]

(8 Marks/ Markah)
(C4, CO4, PO2)
(b) Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is one of the algorithms in speech signal analysis and can
be used for signal compression. Compute the DCT coefficients for speech signal x(n) using
DCT equation given in the Appendix.
[Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) merupakan suatu algoritma di dalam analisis isyarat suara dan boleh
digunakan untuk mampatat isyarat. Kirakan pekali DCT untuk isyarat suara x(n) dengan menggunakan
persamaan DCT yang diberikan pada Lampiran.]

𝑥(𝑛) = {10 12 14 16 20 24 28 32 }

(8 Marks/ Markah)

(C4, CO4, PO3)

(c) Frequency domain analysis of speech signal can be done using FFT. This procedure require
data segment and windowing. Derive the solution for Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT)
analysis of speech signal of male voices ranges from 80 Hz to 200 Hz.
[Analisa domain frekuensi untuk isyarat ucapan boleh dibuat menggunakan FFT. Prosedur ini memerlukan
data segmen dan proses tetingkap. Terbitkan penyelesaian untuk Pengubah Fourier Masa Pendek (STFT) untuk
analisa isyarat ucapan suara lelaki yang berkadar dari frekuensi 80 Hz hingga 200 Hz.]

(4 Marks/ Markah)

….8/-

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Appendix
[Lampiran]

Table 1: Window function for FIR filter design

Table 2: The coefficients in the system function of a Normalized

Butterworth IIR filter for order 1<N<8

….9/-

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Formula for Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)

𝑁−1
𝜋. 𝑘(𝑛 + 0.5)
𝑋(𝑘) = ∑ 𝑥(𝑛)𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) 0<𝑘<𝐾
𝑁
𝑛=0

Table 3: Z-Transform

….10/-

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Table 4: Z-Transform properties

….11/-

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Course Outcome
CO1 Ability to apply the knowledge of mathematic tools for analyzing and evaluating the discrete time
signal
CO2 Ability to apply knowledge of discrete fourier transform and evaluate fast fourier transform structure
CO3 Ability to design and construct digital finite impulse response and infinite impulse response filters
CO4 Ability to analyze various signal processing techniques for a specific digital signal processing
application.

Program Outcome
Code Programme Outcomes for Computer Engineering Programme
PO 01 Apply knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals and an engineering
specialization as specified in WK1 to WK4 respectively to the solution of complex engineering
problems
PO 02 Identify, formulate, research literature and analyse complex engineering problems substantiated
conclusions the first principles in mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences (WK1 to
WK4)
PO 03 Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system, components or processes that
meets the specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety, cultural,
societal, and environmental consideration.(WK5)
PO 04 Conduct investigations of complex problems using research based knowledge (WK8) and research
methods including redesign of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of
information to provide valid conclusion.
PO 05 Create, select and apply appropriate technique, resources and modern engineering and IT tools,
including prediction and modelling, to complex engineering problems, with an understanding of the
limitations. (WK6)
PO 06 Apply reasoning informed by contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and
cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to professional engineering practice and
solutions to complex engineering problems.
PO 07 Understand and evaluate the sustainability and impact of professional engineering work in the solution
of complex engineering problems in societal and environmental context. (WK 7)
PO 08 Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of
engineering practice (WK 7)
PO 09 Function effectively as an individual, as a team member or as a leader in diverse team and in multi-
disciplinary settings
PO 10 Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with
society at large, such as being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective presentation, and give and receive clear instructions.
PO 11 Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and lifelong
learning in the broadest context of technological change
PO 12 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of engineering management principles and economic
decision-making and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in multidisciplinary environments

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