Presentacion Cigre Proyectos PDF

HVDC Station Layout, Equipment
LCC & VSC and Integration of

Renewables using HVDC
Dr. Dietmar Retzmann

Siemens AG
dietmar.retzmann@siemens.com
1 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

Overview
1. Introduction
2. HVDC Station Layout and Equipment – LCC
3. HVDC Station Layout and Equipment – VSC
4. Integration of Renewable Energy Sources
using HVDC
5. Conclusions

1.
ntroduction
HVDC – Green Energy
HVDC – Security of Supply
Reuters: Wind Power & HVDC – January 26, 2011

Electric Power Markets – they need HVDC
 Increasing Demand for Power Generation* – from

3,620 GW in 2000 to
5,324 GW in 2010 and to
9,669 GW in 2030
 Strong Environmental Constraints – Limitation
on Power Plant Expansions
 Natural Energy Resources far away from the
Load Centers
 Severe Right-of-Way Constraints
 A crucial Issue in many Countries,
in Europe in particular
* Source: Siemens E ST, 2011

2.
S tation Layout and
Equipment LCC
High-Voltage Direct Current
HVDC
Configuration
Possibilities

Configurations Bipolar
Bipolar, Metallic Return

System needs three Lines !
Bipolar, Ground Return – System with two Lines

Configurations Monopolar *
* Examples with one Pole

out of Service
Monopolar, one DC Line and Ground Return
Monopolar, Metallic Return Monopolar, two DC Lines and Ground Return

Multiterminal HVDC
Terminals in series
Terminals in parallel
Parallel:
Parallel:the
the“Standard”
“Standard”Version
Version

HVDC Back-to-Back Station
AC AC AC
System 1 System 2
Controls, Protection, Monitoring

1 AC Switchyard
2 AC Filters, C-Banks
3 Converter Transformers
AC AC
Filter Filter
4 Thyristor Valves
1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 5 Smoothing Reactors

Bipolar HVDC Station – LDT with OHL
AC AC AC
System 1 System 2
To/ from
Controls, Protection, Monitoring other 1 AC Switchyard
Terminal
2 AC Filters, Capacitor
Banks
DC
filter Pole 1
3 Converter Transformers
AC
filter 4 Thyristor Valves
DC Pole 2
filter
5 Smoothing Reactors
and DC Filters
1 2 3 4 5 6 6 DC Switchyard

HVDC Basic Design: Arrester Arrangement
8 9 DC Line
AC-Filter Bus Lsmooth
1 Arr Arr
C1 B4 D
7
3
Arr
AC-Bus 2 B3
L1 Arr
6 C Fdc Fdc
Fachv 4 Arr Arr
A B2
FacIv 5
L2
Arr
Arr Arr
C2 B1
AC-Filter E1 E2
10 Neutral 11

HVDC Thyristor Valves – Principle Circuit
of a 12-Pulse Group
Valve Tower Arrangement

12-Pulse Group
Neutral
4
A
3
Multiple B
Valve Unit
(Quadruple C
Valve)
2
1
A B C Valve Arm Example 500 kV
to DC Line: + or -
LDT – Configurations Monopolar/Bipolar
With Monopolar
System, only “Ground
Return” available
Option to use the 2nd

Conductor for
“Metallic Return”

DC Overhead Lines and Tower Configurations
Nominal DC Voltage
Description Unit ± 300 kV ± 400 kV ± 500 kV ± 800 kV
Suitable Power Rating MW 600 ~ 1,000 1,000 ~ 2,000 1,500 ~ 3,000 3,000 ~ 7,500
DC System Configuration - Monopolar / Bipolar Monopolar / Bipolar Monopolar / Bipolar Monopolar / Bipolar
No. of Conductors per Pole Bundle 2x / 3x / 4x 2x / 3x / 4x / 6x 4x / 6x / 8x 6x / 8x
Economical Transmission km 300 -750 500 ~ 1,000 700 ~ 1,500 1,500 ~ 5,000
Distance of Line
Required Right-of-Way m 40 45 ~ 50 55 ~ 70 85 ~ 90
Minimum Required Ground m 8.50 10.00 – 11.00 11.00 – 13.00 16.00
Clearance (Subject to local
Regulations)
Typical Suspension Tower -
Outline
(not to scale)
Range of Tower Heights m 25 ~ 40 Lattice Tower: 36 ~ 51 / 31 ~ 51 39 ~ 93

Monopole: 49.18 ~ 48.18
Typical Insulator Type - Cap & Pin / Cap & Pin / Cap & Pin /
Porcelain Longrod / Porcelain Longrod / Porcelain Longrod / Cap & Pin /
Composite Composite Composite Porcelain Longrod
Practicable Length of m 4.34 (Porcelain Cap & 5.06 (Composite) / 7.33 12.94
Suspension Insulator String Pin) / 3.60 (Composite) 6.18 (Porcelain) (Composite Longrod) (Cap & Pin)

Basslink HVDC: remote Infeed of Green Energy
Hydro Plants for: Benefits of HVDC:

 Base Load and  Clean Energy
 Pump Storage  CO2 Reduction
“flexible”
Plus Wind
Power  no additional
Thermal Plants
 Cost Reduction
“fuzzy”
17 10-2011 DC Station
Covering
17 Base
10-2011 and Peak-Load Demands
DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012
Basslink HVDC:
 Converter
 Arial View
Example of HVDC “Classic”
500 MW
2006

Basslink HVDC – AC Filters

Basslink HVDC – DC Wall Bushing and DC Reactor

Optimization of the Transmission System
Loy Yang McGaurans Five Mile Georgetown

Beach Bluff
3.2 km 57.4 km 6.4 km 295 km 1.7 km 8.9 km 2.1 km
Bass Strait
Converter Underground Underground Converter

Station Cable Cable Station
Sea Cable
500 kV Transition Transition 220 kV
Substation Station Station Substation
10 hrs Overload
Commercial Operation: 2006 System Data:
Transmission Capacity: 500 / 600 MW

21 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA DC Voltage: 400 kV
Cigré Tutorial 2012
Examples of DC Lines – Basslink 400 kV
From “Small” to “Large” Line

Basslink 400 kV DC Line: Right-of-Way
For Comparison: 300 kV DC Tower

From DC Line to Cable – Basslink HVDC
Welcome great
Outdoors !

HVDC Cable Options
 MI: Insulated with special Paper, impregnated with High-Viscosity
Compound
 SCFF: Insulated with special Paper, impregnated with Low-Viscosity Oil
 Extruded: Insulated with extruded Polyethylene-Based Compound
Mass Impregnated Self-Contained Fluid Filled Extruded
Conductors up to 2,700 mm2
Voltages up to 600 kV DC.
Conductors up to 3,000 mm2

Conductors up to 3,000 mm2 (Al)

Photos: Prysmian Cables and Systems, 2009 – Data: Status 2011
DC Cable Laying
Cable Termination
Source: Prysmian Cables and Systems, 2008
Joints
Maximal Length of the Cable Sections
Sea Cable: Land Cable:
100 km  1 km only !
300 MW TNB-EGAT HVDC Interconnection
GURUN HVDC CONVERTER STATION
“Hotel DC”
Adaptation to
the local
Architecture 2001
Source: 10-2011
Europe – HVDC Moyle Interconnector
The Task: World's first HVDC with LTT
Sea-Cable Transmission and wafer-integrated BOD
2001 Operated by:
Moyle Interconnector
Ltd., Northern Ireland
System Data:
Rating 2 x 250 MW
Voltage 250 kV DC
Thyristor 8 kV LTT
Cable Length 64 km
Auchencrosh
Power Exchange
Ballycronan More by Sea Cable
Sharing of
Reserve Capacity
Benefits No Increase in
Short-Circuit Power

HVDC Moyle Interconnector – An Arial View

New DC Cable Link Neptune RTS, USA

Neptune HVDC – Station Sayreville
660 MW
2007

Neptune HVDC – Station Duffy Avenue
‘Snapshots’ from
the Inauguration
on 10-11-2007

Neptune HVDC – Station Duffy Avenue
‘Snapshots’ from
the Inauguration
on 10-11-2007

DC Station Neptune – with DC Cable 500 kV
Valve Hall
Control Building
DC Hall
Transformers
AC Switchgear
AC Filters

Europe – The HVDC Portfolio is growing …
Storebælt Customer: 2010

Energinet.dk
System Data:
Rating 600 MW
Voltage 400 kV DC
Thyristor 8 kV LTT
Cable Length 56 km
2011
BritNed
Power Exchange
Customer: by Sea Cable
BritNed Developm. Ltd.
Sharing of
System Data:
Rating 2 x 500 MW Reserve Capacity
Voltage ± 450 kV
Thyristor 8 kV LTT
No Increase in
Cable Length 260 km Short-Circuit Power

Storebælt: Station Herslev – DC Yard
2010
600 MW

Storebælt: Station
Fraugde – DC Converter

BritNed: Station Maasvlatke – AC Yard
2011
2 x 500 MW

BritNed: Station Maasvlatke – AC Yard

Sustainability in Transmission – HVDC
in India: East-South Interconnector and Ballia-Bhiwadi
DC versus AC 2010
*2,500
2,500MW
MW
2 x 3-ph AC 400 kV 800 km
India
1 x +/- 500 kV
Example of HVDC
Ballia-Bhiwadi: 1,450 km … too long for 400 kV AC
Reduction in CO2: 2,000/2,500 MW

688,000 tons p.a.
through 37 % less 2003/2007
Transmission
Losses at*
HVDC Ballia-Bhiwadi, India – DC Yard
2010
2,500 MW

Sustainability in Transmission – HVDC
in Europe: COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector
Customer:
Red Eléctrica de España
System Data:
Rating 2 x 200 MW
Voltage ± 250 kV DC
Thyristor 8 kV LTT
Cable Length 250 km
Reduction in CO2:
1.2 m tons p.a. (52 %)
by using Energy-Mix
from the Mainland – 2011
versus local Supply with a new Oil-fired Power Plant on the Island

COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector –
Indoor AC Yard … and Converter Halls
400 MW
2011

COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector –
Transformers mounted

More Power
out of the
Grid …
plus CO2 Reduction
Technology Issues
for UHV DC Transmission
Overview of an ± 800 kV DC Transmission System
DC Wall Bushing
- 800 kV D
C
Line Arresters
Voltage Divider - 400 kV
DC
+ 400 k
V DC
DC Filters
Disconnectors &
Grounding Switches
Bypass Switches
+ 800
kV DC
Smoothing Reactors
DC Wall Bushing

Air-Core, Air-cooled Smoothing Reactor and
Converter Transformer – The Dimensions are “huge”
500 kV DC in Pictures – have mean-

while been extended to 800 kV DC
Mostly an Issue of Mechanics –
but not only …

UHV DC Reactor – in Test Field
Ø 4.6 m
800 kV DC
3,125 A
14.3 m
75 mH
28 tons !

800 kV HVDC Transformers under Construction
250/244 MVA Single-Phase* Transformers
48** Transformers – for the Yunnan-Guangdong UHV DC Project
Core Design: 3 Limbs & 2 Return Limbs
L x W x H: 26 x 6.4 x 15.2 m
Total Weight: 512 tons
* for Transportation Reasons
** plus 8 Spare Units
DC (2 hrs) 1,175 kV
AC (1 min) 1,020 kV
PR (90/90/45 min) 935 kV
SI 1,790 kV
Test Voltages LI (FW/CW) 2,080/2,320 kV

“Snapshots” from DC Transformer Testing …
… at Transformer Factory Test Lab –

Nuremberg, Germany

Valve Hall Configuration – for UHV DC
DC Neutral
LV 12-Pulse Bridge
400 kV Valve Hall 400 kV DC
Each Valve Group can be bypassed … n-1 Criterion
400 kV DC
to 800 kV DC Line
HV 12-Pulse Bridge
“Ready for Transmission”
51 10-2011 800 kV Valve Hall
10-2011 DC Station Layout
DC Station
& GA Layout & GA PowerCigré
Transmission
Cigré
Tutorial
Tutorial
2012
Solutions
2012
Testing of UHV DC Bypass Switches …
800 kV DC
6.2 m
400 kV DC 9.5 m
Test Set-up
… at Siemens High-Voltage Test Lab Berlin, Germany

Testing of UHV DC Disconnectors …
800 kV DC

Disconnectors – Data and Dimensions
2m
Technical Data
 Rated Voltage: 816 kV DC
11.4 m
 Operating Voltage: 800 kV DC
 Withstand Voltage: 1,200 kV DC 13 m
 Switching Impulse Voltage:1,790 kV
 Lightning Impulse Voltage: 2,205 kV
 Operating Current: 5,000 A DC
 Short-Circuit Current: 50 / 20 kA – 1 s
 Creepage path: 38,746 mm
 No. of Operating Cycles: 2,000 CO
 Weight: 6,000 kg

Capacitor-controlled Wall Bushing
Technical Data
 Rated Voltage: 816 kV DC
 Operating Voltage: 800 kV DC 20.8 m
 AC Test Voltage: 1,100 kV
 DC Test Voltage: 1,455 kV DC
 Creepage Path Outdoor: 42,500 mm
 Creepage Path Indoor: 26,630 mm
 Rated Current: 3,700 A DC
 Weight: 5,600 kg
Test Set-up
Special Challenges
 Two Resin-Paper Capacitor Windings with a total Weight of 4,000 kg
 Design of the Windings and Production with no Shrinkage Holes

Testing of UHV DC Bushing, 10.6 m
DC Arrestor and Voltage Divider
12.8 m
800 kV DC
9m
56 10-2011 DC
DCStation
StationLayout
Layout&&GA
GA Cigré
CigréTutorial
Tutorial2012
2012
All Tests are … and the Power
completed … is flowing
- 800 k
V DC
- 400
kV DC
+ 400
kV D
C
+ 80
0 kV
DC
57 10-2011 DC
DCStation
StationLayout
Layout&&GA
GA Cigré Tutorial 2012
More Power
out of the
Grid …
Yunnan-Guangdong
plus CO2 Reduction
World’s first 800 kV HVDC – 5,000 MW

In China Southern Power Grid
Single-Line Diagram of Yunnan-Guangdong
HVDC System

Yunnan-Guangdong – from ‘3D Models’ …

… to Reality: Sending Station Chuxiong
World’s first 800 kV UHV DC – 5,000 MW
Example of HVDC “Bulk”
2009/2010
Back to Germany: All UHV DC Transformer
Tests completed, ready for Shipping to China

“Clearance” underneath Bridges in Germany
… a crucial Issue

Arrived in China, small Roads – Transformers
just fitting well, as expected …

Yunnan-Guangdong – UHV DC Valve Hall
800 kV DC
DC Side

UHV DC – Sending Station: from indoor to outdoor
800 kV DC

Station Chuxiong – Disconnector & DC Filter

Yunnan-Guangdong – 800 kV DC Line

800 kV DC Towers

800 kV DC Overhead Line
Welcome great
Outdoors !

For Comparison – UHV AC Transmission Towers
1,000 kV Pilot Project
For Redundancy - 2 Lines:

System 1 System 2
Sources:

More Power
out of the
Grid … In Co-Operation with
Fulong Converter Station – HVDC

Transformers & Thyristor Valves
with new 6-inch Thyristors
plus CO2 Reduction
Xiangjiaba-Shanghai
World’s biggest and longest UHV DC in Operation
Schematic Arrangement of Xiangjiaba-Shanghai
Converters

Arrangement of 800 kV Converters for Fulong Station
Double Valve Towers of a Fulong 6-Pulse Bridge at the 800 kV Converter End
Arrangement of 800 kV Converters for Fulong Station
Two HV and two LV

Valve Towers for
Fulong Converter Station
during Erection for the
dielectric Type Tests
in Xihari HV Test Field
in Xi‘an, China
(Arresters not yet
connected)

Design of Thyristor Valves for Fulong Station:
Latest Development of Power Thyristors: 6“-ETT
 DC Current Capability of
more than 4,500 A
 Optimum Blocking Voltage
of 8.5 kV
 Joining of the Silicon Pellet
to a Molybdenum Carrier Disk
using low-Temperature high-
Pressure Sintering
 Excellent thermal Coupling
 Low thermal Resistance
 Outstanding Short-Circuit
Current Capability: > 80 kA 6“ high-Power Thyristor – compared
 High Reliability, Failure Rate < 10 fit with 4“ and 5“ Elements

From of UHV DC to EHV DC
The Solution
for Bulk Power
Transmission
up to 4 GW
“Standard”:
500 kV DC PDC ≤ 3 GW
Increase in
New Level: Transmission
660 kV DC PDC ≤ 4 GW Capacity – and
Reduction in
Losses
Ningdong-Shandong: World’s first EHV DC at 660 kV
Indoor EHV DC Switchyard

Yinchuan Dong – Sending Station: 660 kV DC Line

High-Voltage Direct Current
HVDC
Types of
Electrodes

Types of HVDC Electrodes
 Sea Electrodes
 Shore (Pond) Electrodes
 Shore (buried) Electrodes
 Ground (Land) Electrodes
 Deep Hole Electrodes

Solutions for HVDC Electrodes – Summary

3.
S tation Layout and
Equipment VSC
HVDC PLUS with MMC – Basic Scheme
Converter Arm Converter Module
Power Module Electronics (PME)

PM 1 PM 1 PM 1
PM 2 PM 2 PM 2
Power Module (PM)

PM n PM n PM n
Converter Reactors Vd
ud
PM 1 PM 1 PM 1
D1 PM 2 PM 2 PM 2
IGBT1
D2 PM n PM n PM n
IGBT2
Phase Unit
The Result: MMC – a perfect Voltage Generation
AC and DC Voltages controlled

by Converter Arm Voltages:
+Vd /2
VConv.
VAC 0
- Vd /2

HVDC PLUS: Trans Bay Cable Project, USA
Energy Project of the Year – American Society of

Civil Engineers, Region 9; Sacramento, 9th March 2011
Elimination of Transmission Bottlenecks
P = 400 MW
Q = +/- 170-300 MVAr Dynamic Voltage Support

HVDC PLUS: Trans Bay Cable Project, USA

HVDC PLUS – Options for Converter Modules and
Building Arrangements
A highly flexible Design

Benefits of HVDC PLUS
Space
Saving
HVDC PLUS
Example 400 MW
HVDC
89 10-2011 “Classic”
DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012
Example of HVDC PLUS Station: 2 x 100 MW
les
b
Options: Ca
DC
a) 2B
B
D C
b )
85 m 96 m
(315 feet)
(279 feet)

(148 feet)
HVDC PLUS Station – Option for 100 MW B2B
Half the Width by vertical Arrangement: 2 Reactors and 2 Converter Modules on Top of each other

Layout of a 400 MW Converter Station
Footprint:
150 x 110 m
(492 x 361 ft)

Onshore Station Layout –
Example 400 MW, +/- 200 kV
Converter DC Switchyard
Reactors Cable Sealing End
Converter Hall
90
m
0m DC Chopper
13
AC Busbars Converter AC Yard, Control & Protection

Insertion Resistors Auxiliaries, Spares
Neutral Reactors
Converter Transformer
3-Phase / ODAN

4.
I ntegration of
RES using HVDC
Green Energy: EU’s Offshore Programme EEPR
2030: Up to 350 GW of Wind Power !
CE – Installed Capacity: 631 GW

Source: EEPR-Meeting 2011-03-15&16, Brussels

Integration of large Offshore Wind Farms
into the Main Grid – the German Prospects
VSC HVDC – for
Onshore Grid
Access & Offshore
DC Multiterminal
~ ~ ~
= = =
= = =
= = =
= = =
~ ~ ~
HVDC Classic – for Load &

96 10-2011 Generation
E Reserve
DCT Station
PS S/ReLayout & Sharing
GA Cigré Tutorial 2012
Green Energy needs Grid Enhancement …
HVDC – Example of Germany
Strengthening the AC Grid with DC Overlay Grid

Source: DENA Study II Nov. 2010
Solutions for Grid Access: AC and DC –
with SVC PLUS and HVDC PLUS
DC Solution for
Grid Access
33 kV AC
HVDC PLUS
132 kV AC 132 kV AC
33 kV AC
≤ 320 kV DC
HVDC PLUS
SVC PLUS AC Solution for
33 kV AC Grid Access
132 kV AC

Turnkey Responsibility:
First and crucial Steps
 Definition of most economic Wind Farm Network and Grid Connection

(AC versus DC).
 Define Layout and specify Components of the entire Grid Connection.
 Load-Flow Studies and Short-Circuit Calculations of the whole System.
 Define the System Grounding Concept and perform Insulation
Coordination for the entire Grid Connection.
 Verification the static and dynamic Performance and Design of
Reactive Power Compensation and / or DC System.
 Evaluation of System Resonance Behavior driven by the Cables,
Transformers, Reactors and Wind Generators.
 Prove the Conformity with the GRID CODE.
 Design of Protection, Control (SCADA) and Communication System.
 System Efficiency: Evaluation of overall losses for various Scenarios.
 Evaluation of electro-magnetic Interferences for the Grid Connection.
 Optimization of System Reliability and Availability.

Example of System and Design Studies:
Dynamic Modeling of a big Number of Wind Generators
 System Resonances and
 System Interactions
Grid Code & Power Quality:

 Fault-Ride Through and
 Reactive Power Injection
Source: EWIS Interim Report June-2008
 Voltage Dip Compensation

HVDC PLUS and WIPOS®: SylWin1, Germany –
World’s first Offshore MMC with 864 MW, BorWin2 and HelWin1&2
WIPOS – Siemens Wind Power
Offshore Substation +/- 320 kV
Siemens offers a Family of WIPOS 864 MW
2014
Designs with the Flexibility to meet SylWin1
a Variety of Offshore Weather, Tide,
2013
~
and Seabed Conditions with three
2015
= =
main Configurations: +/- 300 kV
+/- 320 kV
 WIPOS self-lifting Solution 800 MW 2013 690 MW
 WIPOS Topside Solution BorWin2
~
(Topside/Jacket)
~ +/- 250 kV = =
HelWin2
576 MW
= =
 WIPOS floating Solution
~
HelWin1
= =
= == ~ =
~
= =
~
= =
~
The Modular Multilevel Converter
Technology (MMC) reduces Comp- 101
lexity and therefore the Space
101
required 10-2011
for Installation DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012
Prospects and Locations of Tennet’s Offshore
Projects – one with AC and all others with DC Links
Source:

Prospects and Locations of Tennet’s DC
Offshore Projects – Example of
Source: http://www.tennet.eu/
Prospects and Locations of Tennet’s DC
Offshore Projects – Example of
Source: http://www.tennet.eu/
Grid Access of Green Energy with HVDC PLUS:
WIPOS® – Advanced self-lifting Offshore Platform Layout

HVDC in China: Bulk Power Transmission of “Green Energy”

Super Grid for DESERTEC – with HVDC
Source: DESERTEC Foundation
An Initiative of the Club of Rome
Siemens has a commitment in the Desertec Industrial

Initiative (DII). The objective of this initiative is to
develop over the mid-term a technical and economic
concept for solar power from Africa. Work will also
focus on the clarification of legal and political issues.

5.
onclusions
The Position of HVDC
in Comparison with AC
Solutions for Smart & Bulk Power Transmission
Solutions with Overhead Lines
Note: Power AC @ 1 System 3 , Power DC @ Bipole +/-
 High-Voltage DC Transmission:
 HVDC “Classic” with 500 kV (HV) / 660 kV (EHV) – 3 to 4 GW
 HVDC “Bulk” with 800 kV (UHV) – 5 GW to 7.6 GW Option UHV DC 1,100 kV: 10 GW
For Comparison: HVDC PLUS (VSC) ≤ 1,100 MVA The Winner
 AC Transmission: is HVDC !
 400 kV (HV) / 500 kV AC (EHV) – 1.5 / 2 GVA
 800 kV AC (EHV) – 3 GVA
 1,000 kV AC (UHV) – 6 to 8 GVA
Solutions with DC Cables * * Distances over 80 km: AC Cables too complex
 500 / 600 kV DC – per Cable, Mass Impregnated: 1 GW to 2 GW (actual - prospective)

** Reference: Bowmanville, Canada, 1985 - Siemens
Solutions with GIL – Gas Insulated Lines *** Reference: Huanghe Laxiwa Hydropower Station,
China, 2009 - CGIT (USA)
 400 kV AC (HV) – 1.8 GVA / 2.3 GVA (directly buried / Tunnel or Outdoor)
 500 kV AC (EHV) – 2.3 GVA / 2.9 GVA (directly buried / Tunnel or Outdoor)
 550 kV AC (EHV) – Substation: Standard 3.8 GVA / Special 7.6 GVA **
 800 kV AC (EHV) – Tunnel: 5.6 GVA ***
Summary: Features and Benefits of HVDC
HVDC – High-Voltage DC Transmission: It makes P flow

 Three HVDC Options available: PLUS (VSC), “Classic” and “Bulk”
 With DC, Overhead Line Losses are typically 30-50 % less than with AC
 For Cable Transmission (over 80 km), HVDC is the only Solution
 HVDC can be integrated into the AC Systems
 HVDC supports AC in Terms of Stability
 System Interconnection with HVDC and Integration of HVDC:
 DC is a “Firewall” against Cascading Disturbances
 Bidirectional Control of Power Flow – quite easy
 Frequency, Voltage and POD Control available
 Staging of the Links – with DC quite easy
 No Increase in Short-Circuit Power
 DC is a Stability Booster

Thank You for Your Attention

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HVDC Station Layout, Equipment

LCC & VSC and Integration of

Dr. Dietmar Retzmann

1 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

2 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

4 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

 Increasing Demand for Power Generation* – from

5 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

7 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

Bipolar, Metallic Return

Bipolar, Ground Return – System with two Lines

8 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

* Examples with one Pole

Monopolar, one DC Line and Ground Return

Monopolar, Metallic Return Monopolar, two DC Lines and Ground Return

9 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

10 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

Controls, Protection, Monitoring

11 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

12 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

13 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

Valve Tower Arrangement

Option to use the 2nd

15 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

Range of Tower Heights m 25 ~ 40 Lattice Tower: 36 ~ 51 / 31 ~ 51 39 ~ 93

16 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

Hydro Plants for: Benefits of HVDC:

Example of HVDC “Classic”

18 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

19 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

20 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

Loy Yang McGaurans Five Mile Georgetown

3.2 km 57.4 km 6.4 km 295 km 1.7 km 8.9 km 2.1 km

Converter Underground Underground Converter

Transmission Capacity: 500 / 600 MW

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For Comparison: 300 kV DC Tower

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Conductors up to 3,000 mm2

Conductors up to 3,000 mm2 (Al)

Source: Prysmian Cables and Systems, 2008

Maximal Length of the Cable Sections

Sea Cable: Land Cable:

GURUN HVDC CONVERTER STATION

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Example of HVDC “Classic”

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30 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

Example of HVDC “Classic”

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32 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

33 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

34 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

Storebælt Customer: 2010

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36 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

37 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

38 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

39 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

Reduction in CO2: 2,000/2,500 MW

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42 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012

43 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA Cigré Tutorial 2012