HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

Anthropology, Sociology, & Political Science

PROF. JOCEL C. SUNDIAM, LPT
 It aims to predict all
NATURAL natural phenomena
and its studies are
SCIENCES based on
experimentally
controlled condition

SCIENCE
of material entities.

SOCIAL Its primary interest

lies in predicting
SCIENCES and explaining
human behavior. It
also tackles human
relationships.
 The Study of Humanity

Anthropology
The Study of Humankind
 Goals of Anthropology

1 2 3 4
Discover what Discover what all Look at one’s Produce new
makes people people have in own culture knowledge and
different from common. more objectively, new theories.
one another. like an outsider.
Subdisciplines of Anthropology
■ Cultural Anthropology
■ Linguistics
■ Biological Anthropology
■ Archeology
APPLIED
ANTHROPOLOGY
 SOCIOLOGY
Derived from the Latin word socius, meaning “associate” and
the Greek word logos, meaning “Study or Knowledge”

Auguste Comte “Father of Sociology”

Studies human civilization

S Systematic study of groups and societies.

O
C Focuses on various social connections, institution, organizations,
structures, and processes.

I
O Society is the association organized by men who share a common
culture within a territory.

L It studies human behavior, and is focus on collective behavior and

O social influence.

G Sociology understands man in the sociological context with his

Y
fellows.
■ To what extent is the individual shaped by society?
■ Is there such a thing as a social structure that constrains
individual action, or is society nothing more than a figment
of our imaginations?
■ To what extent does our social class background affect our
THE
life chances?
■ To what extent does our gender affect our life chances?
QUESTIONS
■ To what extent does our ethnicity affect our life chances? OF
■ What is the role of institutions in society – do they perform
positive functions, or simply work in the interests of the
SOCIOLOGY:
powerful and against the powerless? (a related question
here is why do our life chances vary by class, gender and
ethnicity)
■ How and why has FILIPINO society changed over the last
50 years?
■ Is it possible to do value free social research and find out
the ‘objective’ knowledge about society and the motives
that lie behind social action?
■ Is FILIPINO Society today better than it was 400 years ago?
 Sociology enables us to:

Obtain Obtain possible theories and principles about society;

Study Critically study the nature of humanity; and

Appreciate Appreciate that all things are interdependent with each other.
 Broaden our familiarity on sociological
facts; and

Sociology
enables us to:
Expose our minds to the different
perspectives on attaining the truth.
 EMILE DURKHEIM AND THE SOCIAL
FACTS.
He defined sociology as
In his book The
Rules of Sociological the study of social facts,
Method, Durkheim which he said were the
outlined social fact, actions of society. Social
and the book facts are the reason why
became one of the
people within a society
foundation texts of
seem to do the same
sociology.
basic things, such as
where they live, what they
eat, and how they
interact. The society they
belong to shapes them to
do these things,
continuing social facts.
SOCIAL FACTS
Marriage: Social Language: People Religion: Social
groups tend to have living in the same facts shape how
the same ideas area tend to we view religion.
towards marriage, speak the same Different areas
such as the
appropriate age to
language. In fact, have different
get married and they can develop religious
what a ceremony and pass on their strongholds, with
should look like. own dialect and faith being a
Attitudes that violate idioms. Years regular part of life,
those social facts, later, those norms and other
such as bigamy or can identify religions are
polygamy in the someone as being considered foreign
Western world, are
regarded with
part of a and strange.
particular region.
 The suicide rate still varies according to various social factors
(‘social facts’?)

The birth rate/ total fertility rate seem to be effected by a number

of ‘social facts’

Educational achievement still varies enormously by (the social

fact of) social class background

Sociological Ex-convict facing stereotyping thus, limiting them to do labor-

Facts:
intensive job.

Man of old-age can’t find a decent job.

Sociological dogma on “wealth-accumulating” field of endeavor.

Preference of white-collar job over blue collar job.

 Social Fact and Control
■ Social fact is a technique of control. Societal norms
shape our attitudes, beliefs and actions. They inform
what we do every day, from who we befriend to how we
work. It's a complex and embedded construct that keeps
us from stepping outside the norm.
■ Social fact is what makes us react strongly to people
who deviate from social attitudes. For example, people
in other countries who have no established home, and
instead wander from place to place and take odd jobs.
Western societies tend to be view these people as odd
and strange based on our social facts, when in their
culture, what they're doing is completely normal.
■ What is a social fact in one culture can be abhorrently
strange in another; by keeping in mind how society
influences your beliefs, you can temper your reactions to
what is different.
 Social
Organizations

Sociological
Population
Theory and
Studies
Research

Areas of
Social
Psychology
Sociology Applied
Sociology

Human Social
Ecology Change
YOU ARE SOCIETY.
POLITICAL SCIENCE

■ Deals with the study of

government and political
processes, institutions, and
behaviors.
■ A study of the complex
behavior of various political
actors.
■ Systematic study of political
and government institutions
and processes.
 Politics has something to do with
power.

Politics and
Political Science is not just for
Political politicians or for aspiring lawyers.
Science
It is a give and take relationship
between the government (as a
state apparatus) and its people
(as a subject).
 Originated from the Greek word
Polis, which means city or state.

The art and science of

Politics governing city or state.

The social process or strategy in

any position of control
 “Politics is not dirty,
some politicians are.”
 Enact law, ordinances, and rules designed
to promote the safety, health, peace and
order, and morals of the community.

Functions of Levy and regulate taxes.

Political
Institutions Support education program.

Plan the economy.

Functions of Political Institutions

Administer Promote Preserve Administer

Administer Justice Promote physical, Preserve the Administer foreign

economic, social, internal and and diplomatic
and cultural well- external relations.
being of the autonomy of the
people. state.
 The will of the state is formulated, Tasked to impose social control.
expressed, and carried out.

The
Government

Governs a community or unit.

STATE AND NATION
REFERENCES:

BANAAG, L.M. T., & CRUZ, M.T. M. (2016) SOCIO-ANTHRO: BOOKS ATBP. PUBLISHING
CORPORATION, MANDALUYONG CITY
[

LANUZA, G. M. & RAYMUNDO, S. S. (2016) UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCETY AND

POLITICS: REX BOOK STORE, QUEZON CITY
Crossman, Ashley. (2018, July 5). What is Durkheim's Social Fact? Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/social-fact-3026590.