EE-622 Biomedical Signal Processing 1

Biomedical Signal Characteristics

8th Jan. 2020

(Samarendra Dandapat)

EEE IIT Guwahati

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Levels of Structural Organization

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Reference Directions

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Reference Directions

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Heart

l Located in the thoracic cavity

between the lungs in the
mediastium
l Two-thirds of the heart is
located on the left side of the
body
l Its apex or cone shaped end
rests on the diaphragm
l Average weight is 300 grams

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Heart

l Four chambers: Upper right and left atria

(singular atrium); lower right and left ventricles
l Atrioventricular valves (AV valves) lie between
atria and ventricles
l Right AV valve is characterized by three valve
leaflets or cusps, tricuspid valves
l Left AV valve is bicuspid valves or mitral valves
l Semilunar valves are located at the bases of the
two large vessels leaving the heart
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Heart (Internal View)

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Diagnosis for Cardiac Abnormalities

Broadly three types of abnormalities:

v Myocardial
v Electrical Conduction
v Valvular
Two signals are used for diagnosis:

v Electrocardiogram (ECG)
v Phonocardiogram (PCG) or Heart Sound

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Electrocardiogram (ECG) Signal

Electrocardiogram is a recording of the Electrical Activity of the hearty

Fig: Ref: Text book of Medical Physiology by A. C. Guyton and J. E. Hall

W. Einthoven of Netherlands is the inventor of ECG machine in 1903

Won Nobel Prize in medicine in 1924

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ECG Signal

• Bioelectric origin
• Causes the contraction of cardiac muscles
• 0.5 Hz to 60 Hz bandwidth

l P-R interval – 0.16 S

l Q-T interval – 0.35 S

l P wave – 0.1 to 0.3 mV on arms

l T wave – 0.2 to 0.3 mV on arms

l QRS Complex – 3 to 4 mV on the

Heart, 1 mV on arms

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ECG Signal

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Multichannel ECG Signal

Limb leads: I, II, III;

Augmented limb leads: aVR, aVL, aVF;

Chest leads: V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6

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Multichannel ECG Signal

Time domain multi-lead ECG signals

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