WATER RESOURCES

ENGINEERING
MW – 10:30 AM – 12:00 PM
MW – 3:00 PM – 4:30 PM
 COURSE DESCRIPTION
• This course deals with the principles and
analysis of water resources systems such as
multi-purpose reservoir, water supply
distribution system and storm water
drainage; irrigation system and agricultural
drainage system; special topics include river,
flood control, drought mitigation and water
resource planning management.
 GRADING SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION PERCENTAGE
CLASS STANDING 60 %
ATTENDANCE
ATTITUDE
PLATES/BOARDWORK
QUIZZES/ASSIGNMENTS
REPORTING

MAJOR EXAMINATION 40%

TOTAL 100%
 COURSE POLICIES
• Students must attend classes regularly
• 3 Successive LATEs = 1 Absent
• 8 Total Lates = 1 Absent
• 3 Successive Absences = DROPPED
• 8 Total Absences = DROPPED
• Students must pass all the quizzes and major
exams, and submit subject requirements on
time.
• Students must wear complete uniform with
school ID in attending classes.
 REFERENCES
• Mays, Larry W. 2004. Water Resources Engineering,
2015 Edition. USA
• Wurbs, Ralph A.; Wesley, James P. 2001. Water
Resources Engineering. USA.
• Chin, David A. 1999. Water Resources Engineering.
Prentice Hall.
• Wurbs, Ralph A. 1994. Computer Models for Water
Resources Planning and Management. USA.
• Linsley, Ray K. ; Franzini, Joseph B.; Freyberg, David
L.; Tchobanoglous, David L. 1992. Water Resources
Engineering, Fourth Edition. McGraw Hill.
 COURSE OUTLINE

1. Definitions and Classifications of Applications

2. Watershed Management and Engineering Interventions

3. Field Exercise/Case Studies

DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS
OF APPLICATIONS

a. Water Resources and Engineering.

b. Control of Water.
c. Use of Water.
d. Water Quality Analysis and Management.
e. Philippine Water Resources Regions.
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND
ENGINEERING INTERVENTIONS
a. Role of Hydrology and Hydraulics in WRE.
b. Engineering Hydrology.
c. Aspects in hydraulics--Important Hydraulic Structures
(selected),
d. Water Supply and Distribution System,
e. Groundwater Development,
f. Sewerage Systems,
g. Drainage Structures,
h. River Structures/Coastal Defense,
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND
ENGINEERING INTERVENTIONS
g. Lahar & Flood Control.
h. Watershed Planning and Management--
Definitions/Purpose/Use,
i. Siting of Major Facilities,
j. Role of Geographical Information Systems in Watershed
Planning/Management.
FIELD EXERCISE/CASE STUDIES:

a. Case Study on Water Supply and Distribution

b. Uses of GIS in WRE
c. Laguna Lake and Manila Bay Interaction
d. Tools Development /Software/ Approaches-Mini Library
e. Water Infrastructure needs assessment
f. Presentation of the Work
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
• What is Water Resources Engineering?
– is the study and management of equipment, facilities and
techniques that are used to manage and preserve life’s
most plentiful resource.

– is the profession that is responsible for the planning,

development and management of water resources. From
estimating the amount of water available to designing the
physical and non-physical infrastructure needed to meet
the water needs of society and the environment.
 WATER RESOURCES
• What are Water Resources?
– are sources of – usually fresh – water that are useful, or
potentially useful, to society; for instance,
• for agricultural use
• for industrial use,
• for household use, or
• for recreational use
– Example?
• Groundwater
• Rivers/Lakes
• Reservoirs
 WATER RESOURCES
• Water in our planet is available in the atmosphere, the
oceans, on land and within the soil and fractured rock of the
earth’s crust.
• The world’s supply of fresh water is quite small compared to
the enormous volumes of salt water in the oceans.
Fortunately, the freshwater supply is renewed by the
hydrologic cycle.
• The earth’s total water content in the hydrologic cycle is not
equally distributed (Figure 2).
• The oceans are the largest reservoirs of water, but since it is
saline it is not readily usable for requirements of human
survival. The freshwater content is just a fraction of the total
water available (Figure 3).
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

YES?
Need a more Click
informative me
diagram?
Y/N

NO?
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TOTAL GLOBAL WATER CONTENT
The earth’s
total water
content in the
hydrologic
cycle is not
equally
distributed
GLOBAL FRESH WATER DISTRIBUTION

Again, the
fresh water
distribution is
highly uneven,
with most of
the water
locked in
frozen polar ice
caps.
GLOBAL FRESH WATER DISTRIBUTION
 WATER RESOURCES
• Water on the earth is mostly salt water with only 2.5% as
fresh water.

• The majority of the fresh water is frozen in glaciers and the

polar ice caps, and the remainder is found as ground water,
with only a fraction available above the ground.

• Although fresh water is considered to be available as a

renewable resource, the supply of pure water is gradually
decreasing in the world.

• The rate of increase in world population exceeds the rate at

which the water supply is increasing so that there is an acute
shortage of water in many parts of the world.
 WATER RESOURCES
WHAT WE KNOW …
• Fresh water is only 2.5% of
Earth’s total water content.
– Glacier is 74%
– Groundwater 25.6%
– Rest is 0.4%
• Fresh water is a renewable
resource.
NEW FACTS
• The supply of pure water is
gradually decreasing in the
world.
• The rate of increase in
world population exceeds
the rate at which the water
supply is increasing that is
why there is an acute
shortage of water in many
parts of the world
 CONTROL OF WATER
• Water is controlled and regulated to serve a wide variety of
purposes.
– Flood mitigation
– Storm drainage
– Sewerage, and
– Highway culvert design
• These are applications of water resources engineering to the
control of water so that it will not cause excessive damage to
property, inconvenience to the public , or loss of life.
 USE OF WATER
• Water is utilized for beneficial purposes.
– Municipal Water Supply
– Irrigation
– Hydroelectric-power development, and
– Navigation improvements
 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
• Water Quality Management has become an important
phase of water-resources engineering.
• Pollution threatens the utility of water for municipal and
irrigation uses and seriously despoils the aesthetic value of
rivers, hence pollution control or Water Quality
Management
WATER POLLUTION
 ROLE OF A WATER RESOURCES
ENGINEER
• Water resources engineers are concerned with the problems
associated with the use and control of water.

• They ensure that citizens are provided with a continuous

supply of clean, uncontaminated water for drinking, living,
and recreational purposes.

• Water resources engineers not only design water

management systems, but often oversee the construction
and maintenance of these systems as well.

• They demonstrate a genuine knowledge and interest of the

water industry and environmental issues.
 ROLE OF A WATER RESOURCES
ENGINEER
• Water resources engineers are concerned with the problems
associated with the use and control of water.

• They ensure that citizens are provided with a continuous

supply of clean, uncontaminated water for drinking, living,
and recreational purposes.

• Water resources engineers not only design water

management systems, but often oversee the construction
and maintenance of these systems as well.

• They demonstrate a genuine knowledge and interest of the

water industry and environmental issues.
PHILIPPINE WATER RESOURCES
REGIONS

12 WATER
RESOURCES
REGIONS
PHILIPPINE WATER RESOURCES
REGIONS

18 MAJOR
RIVER BASINS
IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 AREAS OF WATER RESOURCE
ENGINEERING
1. WATER RESOURCES SUSTAINABILITY

2. HYDRAULICS

3. HYDROLOGY

4. ENGINEERING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR WATER USE

5. ENGINEERING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR WATER EXCESS

MANAGEMENT
 WATER RESOURCES SUSTAINABILITY
• Traditionally, sustainability explores the relationships among
economics, the environment, and social equity, using the
three-legged stool analogy that includes not only the
technical, but also the economic and social issues.

• The term “sustainable development” was defined in 1987

by the World Commission on Environment and Development
as “development that can meet the needs of the present
generation without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
 WATER RESOURCES SUSTAINABILITY
• Some of the questions related to sustainable systems and
sustainable design are:
– What are the characteristics of sustainable systems?
– How does the design process encourage sustainability?
– What is sustainable water resources development?
– What are the components of sustainable development?
 WATER RESOURCES SUSTAINABILITY
• We live in a world where
– approximately 1.1 billion people lack safe drinking water,
– approximately 2.6 billion people lack adequate
sanitation, and
– between 2 and 5 million people die annually from water-
related diseases (Gleick, 2004).
• The United Nations Children’s Fund’s (UNICEF) report, “The
State of the World’s Children 2005: Childhood under Threat,”
– concluded that more than half the children in the
developing world are severely deprived of various
necessities essential to childhood.
 WATER RESOURCES SUSTAINABILITY
• For example, 500 million children have no access to
sanitation and 400 million children have no access to safe
water.

• One might ask ‘how sustainable is this’?

• The key to sustainability is the attention to the survival of

future generations.
• Also important is the global context within which we must
think and solve problems.
• The future of water resources thinking must be within the
context of water resources sustainability
 WHAT IS WATER RESOURCES
SUSTAINABILITY?
• The Brundtland Commissions’s report, “Our Common
Future” (World Commission on Environment and
Development, WCED),
– defined sustainability as focusing on the needs of both
current and future generations.
• A development is sustainable if “it meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.”
 WHAT IS WATER RESOURCES
SUSTAINABILITY?
 It is the ability to use water in sufficient quantities and
quality from the local to the global scale to meet the needs
of humans and ecosystems for the present and the future to
sustain life, and to protect humans from the damages
brought about by natural and human-caused disasters that
affect sustaining life.
 WHAT IS WATER RESOURCES
SUSTAINABILITY?
• The Brundtland Commissions’s report, “Our Common
Future” (World Commission on Environment and
Development, WCED),
– defined sustainability as focusing on the needs of both
current and future generations.
• A development is sustainable if “it meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.”
 WHAT IS WATER RESOURCES
SUSTAINABILITY?
Facets that must be considered in water resources
sustainability:
• Water resources sustainability includes the availability of
freshwater supplies throughout periods of climatic change,
extended droughts, population growth, and to leave the
needed supplies for the future generations.
• Water resources sustainability includes having the
infrastructure, to provide water supply for human
consumption and food security, and to provide protection
from water excess such as floods and other natural disasters.
 WHAT IS WATER RESOURCES
SUSTAINABILITY?
• Water resources sustainability includes having the
infrastructure for clean water and for treating water after it
has been used by humans before being returned to water
bodies.
• Water sustainability must have adequate institutions to
provide the management for both the water supply
management and water excess management.
• Water sustainability must be considered on a local, regional,
national, and international basis.
• To achieve water resources sustainability, the principles of
integrated water resources management (IWRM) must be
implemented.
 WHAT IS WATER RESOURCES
SUSTAINABILITY?
Urbanization is a reality of our changing world. From a water
resources perspective, urbanization causes many changes to
the hydrological cycle including radiation flux, amount of
precipitation, amount of evaporation, amount of infiltration,
increased runoff, etc. Changes brought about by urbanization
can be summarized briefly as follows:
– Transformation of undeveloped land into urban land.
– Increased energy release
– Increased demand on water supply.
Main components and main
pathways of urban water cycle.
HYDRAULICS
THAT WOULD BE ALL.

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