CELL PHONE CONTROLLED ROBOTIC

ROVER
SYNOPSIS
Abstract:
Radio control (often abbreviated to R/C or simply RC) is the use of radio signals to remotely
control a device. The term is used frequently to refer to the control of model vehicles from a
hand-held radio transmitter. Industrial, military, and scientific research organizations make
[traffic] use of radio-controlled vehicles as well.

But RC vehicles have their own disadvantages. Limited operating range and interferences of
frequencies are the major problems faced by radio controlled vehicles. This major disadvantage
can be overcome by the use of cell phones to control the vehicle, which not only avoids the
interference of frequencies but also gives us the advantage of controlling it through any corner of
the world. TO overcome this this project deals with development of mobile controlled robot. The
robot can be controlled from any part of the world using mobile phone.

Introduction
Conventionally, wireless-controlled robots use RF circuits, which have the drawbacks of limited
working range, limited frequency range and limited control. Use of a mobile phone for robotic
control can overcome these limitations. It provides the advantages of robust control, working
range as large as the coverage area of the service provider, no interference with other controllers
and up to twelve controls. Although the appearance and capabilities of robots vary vastly, all
robots share the features of a mechanical, movable structure under some form of control. The
control of robot involves three distinct phases: reception, processing and action. Generally, the
preceptors are sensors mounted on the robot, processing is done by the on-board microcontroller
or processor, and the task (action) is performed using motors or with some other actuators.

In this project, the robot is controlled by a mobile phone that makes a call to the mobile phone
attached to the robot. In the course of a call, if any button is pressed, a tone corresponding to the
button pressed is heard at the other end of the call. This tone is called ‘dual-tone multiple-
frequency’ (DTMF) tone. The robot perceives this DTMF tone with the help of the phone
stacked in the robot. The received tone is processed by the ATmega16 microcontroller with the
help of DTMF decoder MT8870D. The decoder decodes the DTMF tone into its equivalent
binary digit and this binary number is sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is
preprogrammed to take a decision for any given input and outputs its decision to motor drivers in
order to drive the motors for forward or backward motion or a turn. The mobile that makes a call
to the mobile phone stacked in the robot acts as a remote. So this simple robotic project does not
require the construction of receiver and transmitter units. DTMF signaling is used in telephone
signaling over the line in the voice-frequency band to the call switching centre. The version of
DTMF used for telephone tone dialing is known as ‘Touch-Tone.’ DTMF assigns a specific
frequency (consisting of two separate tones) to each key so that it can easily be identified by the
electronic circuit. The signal generated by the DTMF encoder is a direct algebraic summation, in
real time, of the amplitudes of two sine (cosine)waves of different frequencies, i.e., pressing ‘5’
will send a tone made by adding 1336 Hz and 770 Hz to the other end of the line.

Objective:

The main objective of the project is to design and fabricate a robot which can be
controller by any mobile phone. The user can command the robot using mobile
phone to accomplish the tasks the robot is expected to do.
Major components of Robotic vehicle:
The major components of Cell phone operated robotic vehicle are as mentioned below:
❖ The DTMF decoder
❖ The controller unit
❖ The motor driver circuit
❖ The power train
The DTMF decoder:
The DTMF decoder unit consists of a DTMF decoder IC MT8870. DTMF signaling is used for
telecom signaling over analog telephone lines in the voice frequency band between telephone
handsets and other communication devices and the switching centre.
In other words DTMF is a method of instructing switching system of the telephone numbers to
be dialed, or to issue commands to switching systems.

The controller unit:

The controller unit used is an embedded microcontroller board which receives the decoded data
from DTMF decoder and processes it accordingly for which it is pre programmed. The processed
signals are then sent from the microcontroller to the motor driver circuit which inturn drives the
power train of robot.

The motor driver circuit:

The processed signal from microcontroller is received by the motor driver circuit. This circuit
controls the direction of motors which are the part of robots drive train.

The motor driver used here is L293d. This chip is much more widely used and adopted in
applications. The circuit diagram is as shown below.
 L 293D MOTOR DRIVER CIRCUIT AND IC

The power train:

The power train consists of the actual drive train of robot. The robot uses D.C geared motors for
its locomotion.

The Direction and speed of motors is controlled by the motor driver circuit.

Working of Rover:
In order to control the robot, you need to make a call to the cell phone attached to the robot
(through head phone) from any phone, which sends DTMF tunes on pressing the numeric
buttons. The cell phone in the robot is kept in ‘auto answer’ mode. So after a ring, the cell phone
accepts the call. Now you may press any button on your mobile to perform actions as
programmed. The DTMF tones thus produced are received by the cell phone in the robot. These
tones are fed to the circuit by the headset of the cell phone. The MT8870 decodes the received
tone and sends the equivalent binary number to the microcontroller
According to the program in the microcontroller the robot starts moving.

The indicated diagram of the Entire project is as shown below:

Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages :-

1) Can be controlled from anywhere in world where telecommunication signal available.

2) Easy to control.

Disadvantages:-
1) Both mobiles should be in network area.

Applications :-
1) In defence:-Other remote controlled devices operating range is limited. This mobile
controlled robot will have highest operating range so it can be used in defence for
surveillance.
2) Industrial application :- For the movement of materials in workshop this type robots
can be used.
3) In mines :-In mines this robots can be used to check hazardous condition ehere human
cannot reach.
References :

o Digital Principals and Applications by Malvino and Leach

o A Textbook of Electrical Technology by B.L.Theraja and A.K.Theraja

o Telecommunication Systems by Vishwanathan

o Electronic Principles by Malvino and Bates

o Internet Websites:

www.roboticsindia.com

www.triindia.co.in

www.robotics.org

www.alldatasheet.in

www.robots.net

www.robotstxt.org

www.societyofrobots.com