Region I

PANGASINAN DIVISION II
District of Manaoag
Manaoag
PAO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Prepared by:

FE M. MAGNO
Teacher III

RENATO A. VINLUAN
Head Teacher III
OIC, Office of the Principal

GLORIA I. LEOVERAS
District Supervisor
 INTRODUCTION

A community of plants and animals that live together are

related in some ways. For example, a colony of insects may have

a tree as it homes. The insects may feed on the leaves and fruits

of the tree. Some birds that live on the same tree may feed on

the larva of the insects. The tree is related to the insects because

it provides a home for them. The insects are related to the birds

because they provide food for the birds. The tree is also related to

the birds because it provides a resting place for them. They help

each other so they can continue to live and grow.

No living things can live on its own. It must interact with

other living things in order to survive.

STATEMENT OF THE PURPOSE

In this module you will find out how living things

become interdependent with each other in the environment. You

will find out relationships between plants and animals. The flow of

energy in food chains and food webs and the relationship

between organisms in an ecosystem.

 Pre-test, post-test and different activities are given to evaluate

your progress. Don’t be discourage if you get low, take every step a

challenge.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

In this module you will:

 illustrate the feeding relationships between organisms through a

food chain / food web;

 identify the producers and consumers in an ecosystem;
 differentiate between primary and secondary consumers; and
 describe other relationships between organism in an ecosystem.

DESIRABLE PRE-REQUISITE SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

Before studying this module, you should have knowledge on;

 ecosystem; and
 living and non-living components of an ecosystem,

SCIENCE TRIVIA
Did you know?
In a food chain, the plant has the most energy while the last link

has the least energy. This is because much energy is “lost” when

energy is transferred from one organism to another.

DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST
Direction: Read each question carefully. Write the correct letter
on your notebook.

1. Which of the following relationships is harmful to some

organisms?
a. predation c. commensalism
 b. mutualism d. cooperation
2. The hawk eats rat and snakes in the forest. What kind of
consumer is it?
a. Herbivore c. Omnivore
b. Carnivore d. Scavenger
3. Why are plants called producers?
a. They use CO2 to make food.
b. They have chlorophyll and can make food.
c. They give off O2 for the use of consumers.
d. The consumers cannot live without them
4. Which of the following is not a decomposers?
a. hawk c. fungi
b. mold d. bacteria
5-6 Study the illustration carefully then answer the questions
that follow:
1. grasshopper 2. Snake

3. plant 4. Bird 5. Frog

5. Which is the correct order in the food chain?
a. 3 2 1 4 5 c. 3 2 4 5 1
b. 3 5 4 2 1 d. 3 1 5 2 4

6. What is the correct order of the frog in the food chain?

a. 1st – order consumer c. 3rd – order consumer
b. 2nd – order consumer d. 4th – order consumer
7-9 Study the illustration below then answer the questions that
follow: (page 165)
7. Which organism is not a herbivore?
a. grasshopper c. mouse
b. raccoon d. hawk
8. Which organism is a predator of the grasshopper?
a. wolf c. snake
b. mouse d. raccoon
9. Which of the following would be a prey and a predator at the
same time?
a. hawk c. snake
b. wolf d. grasshopper
10. Which word refers to the transfer of food from plants to a
series of consumers?
a. food web c. food series
b. food chain d. food pyramid
 LEARNING EPISODE I

Food provides the energy to all organism need. The feeding

relationship among the organisms is an ecosystem can be shown in a
food chain. A food chain consist of a series of animals that eat plants
and other animals. Arrows show the direction of energy flow in a food
chain.

The food chain starts with a producer. In the diagram below, the
producer is a gumamela plant. A caterpillar eats the leaves. A chicken
eats the caterpillar. A hawk, in turns eats the chicken.

The caterpillar is a primary consumer because it feeds directly on

the producer. The chicken is a secondary consumer because it feeds on
a primary consumer.
An animal that actively seeks out its prey is called a predator.

Main Idea:
 Food chain is the transfer of food from the producer to a series of
consumers.
 Food web is a system of overlapping food transfer
 Consumers on heterotrophs are organisms that depend on other
organisms for food
 Producers or autotrophs are organisms that produce food for
other organisms

ACTIVITY 1
 Study the illustration below then answer the questions that
follow

1. Whish is the producer in the food chain?

2. Which is the first-order consumer?
3. Which is the second-order consumer?
4. Which is the third-order consumer?
5. What is a food chain?

ACTIVITY 2 REACHING OUT

Construct a food web using the organism shown in the picture.

RELATED EXPERIENCE

LEARNING EPISODE 2

Relationship in an Ecosystem
All the living and non-living things in an ecosystem must interact
successfully in order for the ecosystem to survive.
 There are other relationships between organisms aside from that
is a food chain on a food web. One of these is symbiosis.
Symbiosis means “living together”

1. Mutualism
In mutualism, two different kinds of
interacting organisms benefit from each other.

2. Parasitism
This is a kind of relationship where one kind
of organism feed on another kinds of organism
without killing it. The organism that feeds on the
other is a parasite. The organism on which the
other organisms feed is the host.

3. Commensalism
In some relationships between two different
organism, only one may benefit from the other
but the other is not affected at all.

4. Predation
An animal that actively hunts from other
animals to be its food is called predator. The
animals that a predator eats is called a prey.
Predation is a way of getting food by killing a
prey.

5. Competition
 When two kinds of organisms need the same resources from the
environment they compete with one another to get what they need.

6. Cooperation
This is a relationship where is organism of
the same kind show division of labor in order
to survive.

ACTIVITY 3

mutualism commensalism

cooperation
Symbiosis parasitism

competition predation

Identify the relationship of the following. Choose your answer on

the web below.
1. Cows and goats eat the save kind of grass is a field.
2. Birds build their nests a branches of trees but do not harm the
trees.
3. Fungi cause athletes foot on the skin of human beings.
4. Spiders build their webs on plants but do not harm, the plants.
5. A kingfisher dives into the pond to catch fish for food.

SUMMARY
 Plant’s and animals interact with each other. Their interaction is
based on their needs for food, protection and reproduction.

Main Idea
In order to survive, organisms in an ecosystem have to engage in
some kind of relationship with one another. In a relationship both
participating organisms may benefit from each other. On only one of
the participating organisms may benefit from the relationship.

EVALUATION POST TEST

Choose the best answer.

1. Which of the following relationships is harmful to some organism?
a. predation c. commensalism
b. mutualism d. cooperation
2. What do you call the organisms that can manufacture their own
food?
a. carnivores c. decomposers
b. consumers d. producers
3. Which is the primary consumer on the food chain:
corn rat snake eagle?
a. rat c. eagle
b. corn d. snake
4. Which word refers to the transfer of food from plants to a series of
consumer?
a. food web c. food series
b. food chain d. food pyramid

Refer to the following food web to answer question 5-6

5. What is the producer in the food web?
a. rice plant c. chicken
b. rat d. snake
6. What are the first-order consumers??
a. cat and snake c. chicken and rat
b. hawk and snake d. chicken and hawk
7. If the hawk eats the snakes to what order of consumer does the
hawk belong?
a. first – order c. third - order
b. second – order d. fourth - order
8. What do you call the relationship of a group of animals fighting with
each other to satisfy this needs?
a. commensalism c. mutualism
b. competitive d. parasitism

9-15 Using the picture below, make a concept map to show the
relationships among producers, decomposers, carnivores,
consumers, herbivores, omnivores, and predators in an ecosystem.
 KEY ANSWER
PRE TEST POST TEST
1. a 1. a
2. b 2. b
3. b 3. a
4. a 4. b
5. d 5. a
6. b 6. c
7. d 7. c
8. d 8. b
9. a 9-15 Drawing
10. b

ACTIVITY 1
1. plant
2. rat
3. snake
4. hawk
5. food chain is the transfer of food from the producers to a series of
Consumers

ACTIVITY 2
Drawing

ACTIVITY 3
1. competition
2. commensalism
3. parasitism
4. commensalism
5. predation

REFERENCES

 Science and Health 6

by Natividad Alegre Del Prado;
Marilou M. Urbiña, cppyright 2009

 Into the Future: Science and Health 6

by Juanita M. Cruz, Danilo S. Gutierrez, Victoria S. Zigaray,
Helen E. Caintic, copyright 2001

 Science, Health and Environment 6

 by Felix G. Ecaldre, Erlinda E. Catbagan, Ma. Carmina Reynaldo-
Mangabat, Lucita Alsim-Madriaga, Elizabeth Siringan-Rsala,
copyright 2003

 Exploring and Protecting Our World

By Carmelita C. Coronel, Thelma R. Mingoa, Ph.D., Alicia L.
Padua, Miliza M. Romero, Melvin M. Mingoa, M.D. copyright 2006