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Chapter 07 PDF
Chapter 07 PDF
Chapter 07 PDF
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Example: The gross rainfall was 14mm for a storm of 3 hour duration on a
watershed having 13.6 km2 area. The φ index for the catchment is
estimated to be 1.3 mm/h. Derive the UHG for this catchment from the
direct runoff data given below:
Time(h) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DRO(m3/s) 0 1.8 6.1 8.4 6.5 5.2 4.0 3.0 2.2 1.6 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0
Excess rainfall =
DRO volume =
UHG ordinates =
n≤ M
Qn = ∑P U
m =1
m n − m +1
For example
Q1 = P1U1
Q2 = P1U 2 + P2U1
Q3 = P1U 3 + P2U 2 + P3U1
Q4 = P1U 4 + P2U 3 + P3U 2
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Example 7.4.1 Find the half-hour unit hydrograph using the excess rainfall
hyetograph and direct runoff hydrograph given in Table 7.4.2 (these were
derived in Example 5.3.1)
Q1 428
U1 = = = 404 cfs/in
P1 1.06
Q − P2U1 1923 − 1.93 × 404
U2 = 2 = = 1079 cfs/in
P1 1.06
Q3 − P3U1 − P2U 2
U3 =
P1
5297 − 1.81 × 404 − 1.93 × 1079
= = 2343
1.06
The UHG is
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
404 1079 2343 2506 1460 453 381 274 173
U n (cfs/in)
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UHG Application
Example 7.5.1
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N
Vd = ∑ Qn ∆t = 54438 × 0.5 cfs.h = 54438 × 0.5 × 3600
n =1
= 9.8 × 107 ft 3
Vd 9.8 × 107
rd = = = 0.5 ft = 6 in
A 7.03 × 5280 2
Synthetic UHG
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t p = Basin lag
tr = Rainfall duration
q p = Peak discharge per unit drainage area (m3/s.km2)
W p = Width of the UHG at a discharge equal to p percent of the peak
discharge.
t p = 5.5tr
1. The basin lag
t p = C1Ct ( LLc )0.3 in hours (7.7.2)
• L = Length of the main stream in km or miles from the outlet to
upstream divide
• Lc = Distance in km or miles from the outlet to a point on the stream
nearest the centroid of the watershed area.
• C1 = 0.75 (SI), 1 (English )
• Ct = A coefficient derived from gaged watersheds in the same
region
2. The peak discharge
C 2C p
qp =
tp in m3/s.km2 (7.7.3)
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To compute Ct and Cp for a gaged watershed, the values of L and Lc are
measured from the basin map. From a derived UHG of the watershed, obtain
the effective duration tR in hours, basin lag tpR in hours and qpR in m3/s.km2.
If t pR = 5.5t R then t R = tr and q pR = q p
And Ct and Cp can be computed from Eq. 7.7.2 and 7.7.3
tr − t R
If t pR ≠ 5.5t R then t p = t pR + (7.7.4)
4
And 7.7.1 and 7.7.4 are solved simultaneously for tr and tp and the
coefficients are found from 7.7.2 and 7.7.3 with q pR = q p and t pR = tp .
3. The peak discharge in m3/s.km2 for the required UHG
q pt p
q pR =
t pR
4. The base time in hours, assuming a triangular shape for the UHG,
C3
tb = C3 = 5.56 (SI), 1290 (English )
q pR where,
Example 7.7.1
Example 7.7.2
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SCS dimensionless hydrograph
q p = Peak discharge
Tp = Time to the rise of the UHG
For given peak discharge and lag time for the duration of the excess rainfall,
the UHG can be estimated from the synthetic dimensionless hydrograph for
the given watershed. SCS provides a hydrograph of this type as Fig. 7.7.4
(a).
For the area of the UHG to be unity, we may show that
CA
qp = C = 2.08 ( 483 .4 English units )
Tp
where peak discharge is in m3/s.cm (cfs/in in English units), time in hours
and area A in square kilometers (square miles in English units).
Further it is given that, the basin lag
t p = 0.6Tc Tc = Time of concentration of the watershed
tr
Tp = + t p
2
Example 7.7.3
79
UHGs for different rainfall durations
h′(t ) =
1
[g (t ) − g (t − ∆t′)] = UHG ordinates for duration ∆t′
∆t ′
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Example: 7.8.1
Use the 0.5-h unit hydrograph in Table 7.4.3 to produce the S-hydrograph
and the 1.5-h unit hydrograph for the watershed.
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