COMMUNITIES

S O C I O L O G Y & E C O N O M I C E S
BY CHAITRA KB
ORIGIN
the point or place where something begins, arises, or is derived.
WHO WAS AN EARLY MAN ?
THIS GUY?
 CLUSTERING MAKING SHELTER

HUNTING
EVOLVE

MAKING
DESIGN TOOLS

MAKING
EXPERIMENTING WITH WEAPONS
DIFFERENT MATERIAL

RECREATION FORMING
SETTLEMENTS
GROWTH
the process of increasing in size.

Settlement
a place, typically one which has previously been uninhabited, where people establish a community.

The natural environment provides the basic elements that human beings need to survive such as food, water and
shelter (Box 5.1). ... The impact of human settlements on the environment increases with population
growth, settlement expansion, economic growth and increased consumption.
The three main types of settlement patterns
• Types of the settlement are determined by the
extent of the built-up area and inter-house
distance.
• Clustered, agglomerated or nucleated
• Semi-clustered or fragmented
• Hamlet, and
• isolated.

(a) https://www.sarthaks.com/142826/what-are-the-three-main-types-of-settlement-patterns-on-a-topo-sheet
The three main types of settlement patterns on a topo sheet are:

(i) Nucleated settlements — In such settlements, buildings and huts are in a compact cluster. They are usually found in plains
or valleys. This kind of settlement indicates that the community is living on an area where the land is fertile and good for
agriculture. Such settlements generally have a well- knit and large community. Apart from houses, essential facilities like
hospitals, police stations, post offices, schools and administrative buildings are found. They are also known as clustered
settlements

(a) https://www.sarthaks.com/142826/what-are-the-three-main-types-of-settlement-patterns-on-a-topo-sheet
(ii) Linear settlements—Linear settlements are those settlements that develop in a line. Houses, shops, dhaba’s, petrol
pumps and garages develop along the sides of the roads, railway lines or river banks. Gradually, these linear settlements grow in
size. These settlements gradually develop into trading centers.
Examples :
(a) If such a settlement is near a railway track, and over a period of time, a need for a railway station is felt, then it becomes a
railway stop
(b) When located on main roads, such settlements become important stops for travelers as dha.ba’s, tyre and car repairing shops
and petrol pumps open up.
(c) On rivers and coasts, they become places where boats can unload goods and passengers.
Example :
MUMBAI

(a) https://www.sarthaks.com/142826/what-are-the-three-main-types-of-settlement-patterns-on-a-topo-sheet
(iii) Scattered settlements — They are also known as dispersed settlements.

Houses or huts in this type of settlement are far apart from one another. On map, such settlement is indicated by long
distances between houses. Such areas show sparse population and the absence of proper roads. Houses or huts are usually
connected by cart tracks or paths. Cattle rearing is common as each household has cattle that is allowed to graze in the
open fields. The land is not very fertile to support big.
COMMUNITY
An interacting population of various kinds of individuals (as species) in a common location.

A group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society a community of
retired persons.

There are three main types of communities; urban, suburban and rural

Characteristic:
Historical factors : Communities are a product of their past.
Social factors : There are numerous issues related to the social structure of the community that affect its cohesion and
the kinds of interests different groups may wish to protect as they seek solutions to resource management problems.
Some of the most salient include:
· ethnicity and language;
· family structure;
· caste and other so

(a) https://www.sarthaks.com/142826/what-are-the-three-main-types-of-settlement-patterns-on-a-topo-sheet
Economic factors : The preceding section described several social factors that can affect whether members of a
community are more willing or less willing to work together to solve their resource management concerns. Economic
factors can also play a role in determining whether people have similar or divergent interests concerning how resources
should be managed. Two salient issues are:

· differences or similarities in livelihood strategies; and.

· the degree of economic stratification in the community.

Cultural factors : Many cultural factors affect the incentives people face in protecting and exploiting their tree and forest
resources. Some of them are related to religion.
Resources
http://www.fao.org/3/w7483e/w7483e06.htm
https://www.sarthaks.com/142826/what-are-the-three-main-types-of-
settlement-patterns-on-a-topo-sheet

Sociology
Principles of sociology with an introduction to sociological thought