ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS II

SECTION OF SOLIDS & TRUE SHAPES OF SECTIONS

Presented By ‐ Ar. Sharath H Aithal, Assistant Professor 
BGS School of Architecture and Planning 
 Some times the objects are so complicated that, it becomes very difficult to visualize the 
object with the help of its front view and top view.
 Some objects are hollow. Their internal details are not visible with the help of simple front 
view and top view.
 In such cases the object is cut by some imaginary cutting plane to understand  internal 
details of that object.

The action of cutting is called

SECTIONING a solid
&
The plane of cutting is called
SECTION PLANE.

Presented By, Ar. Sharath H Aithal, Assistant Professor, BGS School of Architecture and Planning 
TYPES OF CUTTING PLANES
PLANES

PRINCIPAL PLANES
HP AND VP

AUXILIARY PLANES

Auxiliary Vertical Plane Auxiliary Inclined Plane Profile Plane

(A.V.P.) (A.I.P.) ( P.P.)

غ
A.V.P.
 to Hp &  to Vp

θº

Presented By, Ar. Sharath H Aithal, Assistant Professor, BGS School of Architecture and Planning
 An A.V.P. appears as a straight line in its top view. The straight line is its H.T.
 So an A.V.P. always cuts T.V. of a solid

X Y

Remember:- observer
1. After launching a section plane either in FV or TV, the part towards observer is assumed to be
removed.
2. As far as possible the smaller part is assumed to be removed.
Presented By, Ar. Sharath H Aithal, Assistant Professor, BGS School of Architecture and Planning
 An A.I.P. appears as a straight line in its front view. The straight line is its V.T.
observer
 So an A.I.P. always cuts F.V. of a solid

X Y

Remember:-
1. After launching a section plane either in FV or TV, the part towards observer is assumed to be
removed.
2. As far as possible the smaller part is assumed to be removed.

Presented By, Ar. Sharath H Aithal, Assistant Professor, BGS School of Architecture and Planning
ILLUSTRATION SHOWING IMPORTANT TERMS IN SECTIONING.
For TV

SECTION
PLANE

TRUE SHAPE
Of SECTION

x y

Apparent Shape
of section
SECTION LINES
(450 to XY)

SECTIONAL T.V.
Presented By, Ar. Sharath H Aithal, Assistant Professor, BGS School of Architecture and Planning
Typical Section Planes  & Typical Shapes Of Sections

Section Plane Ellipse

Section PlaneTriangle Through Generators Section Plane Hyperbola
Through Apex Parallel to Axis.

Ellipse Trapezium

Section Plane Parallel Cylinder through Sq. Pyramid through

to end generator. generators. all slant edges

Presented By, Ar. Sharath H Aithal, Assistant Professor, BGS School of Architecture and Planning
Lets CUT a few sections of solids now…..
& find their true shapes

Presented By, Ar. Sharath H Aithal, Assistant Professor, BGS School of Architecture and Planning 
Problem 1: A Triangular pyramid of 30mm side of base and axis 45mm long is placed with its 
base on HP such that an edge of the base is parallel to VP and nearer to it. A cutting plane 
inclined at 60 degree to HP and perpendicular to VP bisects the axis of the pyramid. Draw 
the top and profile views in section. Also add the true shape of the section.

Problem 2: A pentagonal pyramid of 20mm edge of base and 40mm high stands vertically 
with its base on HP and an edge of the base perpendicular to VP. A section plane 
perpendicular to HP and inclined 30 degree to VP cuts the pyramid such that it passes 
through the pyramid at a shortest distance of 5mm from its axis and in front of it draw its 
sectional front view and project the auxiliary view showing the true shape of the section.

Presented By, Ar. Sharath H Aithal, Assistant Professor, BGS School of Architecture and Planning 
Problem 3: A cylinder 50 mm diameter and 70 mm long is lying with one of its generators on HP such that its axis parallel to 
both HP and  VP. It is cut by a vertical section plane inclined at 30º to the VP so that axis is cut at a point 30 mm from one of 
its ends. Draw its sectional front view and true shape of the section.
2’ 3’ 4’ 5’ 6’
1’ 12’ 11’ 10’ 9’ 8’ 7’
p2’ p1’ p12’
1’
2’ 12’
3’ 11’

4’ 10’

5’ 9’
6’ 8’
X p6’ p7’
p8’
7’
Y
4
3 5 4
3,5
2 6 2,6

1 7 1,7
30
12 8 8,12
9,11
11 9 10
10

Presented By, Ar. Sharath H Aithal, Assistant Professor, BGS School of Architecture and Planning
Problem 4: A Cone base diameter of 60 mm and axis 70mm long is resting on its base on HP. It is cut by a section plane 
perpendicular to VP and inclined at 45degree to HP. The vertical trace of the section plane passes through the axis at a 
point 40mm above HP. Draw the sectional top view, Front view and True shape of the section.

o’

g’
f’
e’ h’
i’
d’
j’
c’
k’

40mm
b’
a’ l’

2 3 4 5 6
X 1 12 11 10 9 8 7 Y
4
3 5
2 c
d
6
b e
f
o g
1 a
7
h

l i
12 k j 8

11 9
10

Presented By, Ar. Sharath H Aithal, Assistant Professor, BGS School of Architecture and Planning