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“An adaptive prototype Settlement for GREEN Development”
CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS STUDY
1.1.1 Background of the Study
―Design a thing by considering it in its next larger
context- a chair in a room, a room in a house, a house in a community, a
community in a city‖
-Gottlieb Eliel Saarine
As urban area rise in the country of Philippines, the pollution and contaminated air
rise in every urban zone wherein the most problem is overcrowding area that will cost a big
impact in nature. Philippines are place of good and spectacular beauty of nature and natural
resources. It is also considered as a place where nature can be appreciated by all people. As
centuries past by, Environmental Sustainability rate is dropping.
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Housing design nowadays in Philippine are time-consuming and the construction of
the building will consume 5 to 10 months or maybe year. Green design seeks to test generative
procedures and digital manufacturing to develop a flexible building system for low-cost
sustainable housing in order to inspire future developments in this field by developing an urban
grammar through manufacturing models and generative programming, as well as parametric
design of panels assembled using digital fabrication changes to the climate and financial
possibilities.
One of the things in which a tropical country differs from countries of other climate
zones, is housing. The architecture as well as the used construction materials, shows a clear
adjustment to the specific climate conditions. A more important aspect that influences the
architecture is the financial position of the family.
With less financial possibilities the architecture and visible construction materials are
simpler and more derived from the natural surroundings. Wooden planks, board, bamboo and
straw are the basic materials for the traditional houses. Geographically, the more remote the
region is, as mountain areas are, the more the natural environment delivers the construction
materials for the houses.
Urban areas in The Philippine at this present times produces more damaging
elements like CO2, CFC and conservatory result in the atmosphere that leads to environment
revolution. The main contributor of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) are
public and private vehicles and a place with power plantation. Next is the use of air-conditioning
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unit that produce the same chemical. Buildings are intensive energy consumers, thus contribute
significantly to the greenhouse effect and climatic change, and have a severe overall
environmental effect to the specific area of Philippines.
Trees and other plants help keep the planet cool, but rising levels of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere are turning down this global air conditioner. According to a new study, in some
regions more than a quarter of the warming from increased carbon dioxide is due to its direct
impact on vegetation, in addition to its better-known effect as a heat-trapping greenhouse gas.
This warming is in addition to carbon dioxide's better-known effect as a heat-trapping
greenhouse gas. For scientists trying to predict global climate change in the coming century, the
study underscores the importance of including plants in their climate models. The warming
effects of carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas have been known for a long time CFC and
greenhouse effect in the atmosphere that leads to climate change. The principal contributor of
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) are public and private vehicles.
Auto industry experts predict that more than 50 percent of cars on the road by 2020 will
use a relatively new type of fuel-efficient engine. This transition, however, has raised questions
about its ultimate effect on the climate. A study published in ACS' journal Environmental
Science & Technology has found that because the newer engines emit higher levels of the
climate-warming pollutant black carbon than traditional engines, their impact on the climate is
uncertain.
The saving of energy consumption in houses can be achieved by simple methods and
techniques, using an appropriate building design through Green innovation energy efficient
systems and technologies, such as passive solar systems.
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Innovation in technology can help to lessen the pollution that the Philippines facing
nowadays.
To be compared against the common and usual way of construction in residential
dwellings, Smart house benefits;
Energy efficiency
Using less energy to provide the same service
 Passive (Natural) Cooling Systems and Techniques.
 Gives natural cooling, compared to air conditioning, not only provides energy saving,
economic and environmental benefits, but also constitutes a different approach, having as
its goal, human comfort and well-being.
 Systems and Techniques for Natural Lighting
Economical factor
 Utilize natural resources, and also reduce the internal loads of buildings accordingly.
 Cost Effectiveness- If "going green" wasn't enough to pique your interest in smart home
technology; the financial savings will get your attention. In a study done by the US
Environmental Protection Agency, it was reported that users of smart home technology
for thermostat control alone saved anywhere from 10%-30% on their energy bill. Over
the course of a year, or 5 years, those savings add up quickly.
The smart house green for green development refers to the design of buildings and
spaces (interior, exterior & outdoor) based on local climate, aimed at providing thermal and
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visual comfort, making use of solar energy and other environmental sources. A Smart House is
one that provides its home owners comfort, security, energy efficiency (low operating costs) and
convenience at all times, regardless of whether anyone is home. The Basic elements of green
design are passive solar systems which are incorporated onto buildings and utilize environmental
sources.
"Smart House" is the term commonly used to define a residence that has appliances, lighting,
heating, air conditioning, TVs, computers, entertainment audio & video systems, security, and
camera systems that are capable of communicating with one another and can be controlled
remotely by a time schedule, from any room in the home, as well as remotely from any location
in the world by phone or internet. But the new Fold prototype is a Building a modular house that
promotes space saving idea inside of the house. The house are built in programmed stages from
flooring to finished product and then set in place at your jobsite.
The size of this building is not the typical size of a house. The design is like a box within the
box a space saving design wherein the structure size is probably small but everything is movable
and comfortable
The study of this project is touches about green architecture since it subsidizes a portion to
answer the given problem and issue. It talks about the use of materials, building envelope
performance, environmental impact, energy efficiency and conservation, recycling, impact to
society and human behavior and many others. Today, Green Architecture is totally supported by
the Philippine Green Building Initiative (PGBI) and they are currently proposing the ―Green
Code of the Philippines‖. Green Code will serve as a guide for the buildings to have concerns for
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the surroundings, society, and to the green architectural matters. And it has major categories to
rate a structure and includes the following:
 Energy and Environment
 Sustainable and Responsive Site
 Material Sustainability
 Indoor Environmental Quality
 Water and Waste Water Management
 Climate Change Resiliency
 Construction Organization and Management
 Building Operations and Maintenance Management
Capas is one of the oldest towns in Tarlac. It occupies a larger land area and is known to
be the third most populated town in the province. The town is composed of 20 barangays, each
with the following features:
Called Rangali in the early days, it was renamed to Aranguren in honor of the Spanish
missionary Father Gregorio Aranguring. The main products of this barangay are rice, sugarcane,
ampalaya and mongo. It is also engaged in fish production, swine farm and contract growing
chicken. Barangay Aranguren, the terminal point of the infamous Death March during the
Second World War, is located six kilometers from the poblacion.
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Capas occupies a total area of 43,148.55 hectares (LMS, DENR). The town is located in the
southwestern part of Tarlac province. A landlocked area, it is bounded by the towns of San Jose
on the north, Tarlac on the northeast, Concepcion on the east, Bamban on the south and the
province of Zambales on the west. Capas lies at the geographical coordinates of 15‘15‖ to 15‘
26‖ latitude and 120‘ 37‖ longitude.
1.1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In this current time, the housing nowadays is not capable to absorb the weather due
to the climate change. We all know that Philippines are a tropical country was the economy,
community and the health of people is already affected. One of the biggest problems today is the
health and condition of every individual because many housing are just built without any concern
of the environment that may cause an uncomfortable and uninhabitable house. The cause of
climate change is electrical pollution, air pollution, rainwater pollution, greenhouse effect, global
atmospheric concentration of Co2.
Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change
lasts for an extended period of time, decades to millions of years. Climate change may refer to a
change in average weather conditions, or in the time variation of weather around longer-term
average conditions, more or fewer extreme weather events. Climate change is caused by factors
such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics, and
volcanic eruptions. Certain human activities have also been identified as significant causes of
recent climate change, often referred to as global warming.
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Electrical Pollution cause global warming. Electricity causes pollution in many ways, some
worse than others. In most cases, fossil fuels are burned to create electricity. Fossil fuels are
made of dead plants and animals. Some examples of fossil fuels are oil and petroleum. Many
pollutants (chemicals that pollute the air, water, and land) are sent into the air when fossil fuels
are burned. Some of these chemicals are called greenhouse gasses. We use these sources of
energy much more than the sources that give off less pollution. Petroleum, one of the sources of
energy, is used a lot. It is used for transportation, making electricity, and making many other
things. Although this source of energy gives off a lot of pollution, it is used for 38% of the
United States‘ energy.
The greenhouse effect is when the temperature rises because the sun‘s heat and light is trapped in
the earth‘s atmosphere. This is like when heat is trapped in a car. On a very hot day, the car gets
hotter when it is out in the parking lot. This is because the heat and light from the sun can get
into the car, by going through the windows, but it can‘t get back out. This is what the greenhouse
effect does to the earth. The heat and light can get through the atmosphere, but it can‘t get out.
As a result, the temperature rises. Sometimes the temperature can change in a way that helps us.
The greenhouse effect makes the earth appropriate for people to live on. Without it, the earth
would be freezing, or on the other hand it would be burning hot. It would be freezing at night
because the sun would be down. No one can get the sun‘s heat and light to make the night
somewhat warm. During the day, especially during the summer, it would be burning because the
sun would be up with no atmosphere to filter it, so people, plants, and animals would be exposed
to all the light and heat.
Global Atmospheric Concentration of CO2 (Carbon dioxide) is the air that our body lets out
when we breathe. With fewer trees, it is harder for people to breathe because there is more CO2
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in the air, and we don‘t breathe CO2, we breathe oxygen. Plants collect the CO2 that we breathe
out, and they give back oxygen that we breathe in. With less trees and other plants, such as algae,
there is less air for us, and more greenhouse gases are sent into the air. This means that it is very
important to protect our trees to stop the greenhouse effect, and also so we can breathe and live.
This gas, CO2, collects light and heat (radiant energy), produced by the sun, and this makes the
earth warmer. Increase percentage 25% increase rate 0.5% yearly.
To fully understand this problem, the proponents were able to identify a main problem with its
sub-problem that should be addressed at the end of the research study. These are the following:
Main Problem:
A need for priceless, highly green, innovative and Sustainable design house (also called
environmentally conscious design,) where the designing physical objects, the built environment,
and services to comply with the principles of social, economic, and ecological sustainability.
The intention of sustainability is to "eliminate negative environmental impact completely
through skillful, sensitive design".
Manifestations of sustainable design require renewable resources, impact the environment
minimally, and connect people with the natural environment.
Sub Problems:
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o How to fight to the uncontrolled increase of solar heat or ―global warming‖ in the
building envelope of the project.
o How to contribute in the environmental global issue which is ―climate change‖ in
the field of architecture and construction industry
o How to use efficiently the natural resources of the country.
o How to promote to the people the new smart house.
o How to introduce the application Green Architecture and Green Code of the
Philippines in the construction industry of the country.
o How to apply the material to unite on environment.
o How to minimize the physical effects of environment.
o How to construct the house with an earthquake and flood resistant.
o How to make the modular house to be the epicenter of changes in the traditional
houses in Philippines.
1.1.3 Architectural Thesis Goals /Objectives/Strategies
1. Goal:
The main goal of this study is to develop and introduced a ―New Fold prototype ‖ through
modular house that promotes space saving idea inside of the house. The house are built in
programmed stages from flooring to finished product and then set in place at your jobsite. A
space saving design wherein the structure size is probably small but everything is movable and
comfortable.
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Objectives:
o An introduction of modern human settlement. Box within a box concept.
o Modern ekistics of spaces through anthropometrics
o Analogy of movement (kinetic) through ergonomics.
o New system of Housing and Human Settlement for future urbanism.
o Introduction to Climate Change Resiliency: GREEEN (Geared for Resiliency and
Energy Efficiency for the Environment)
o New approach of materials and innovative solutions to Earthquake, Climate and
Space.
o To educate the proper use of natural resources, renewable and non-renewable
materials and to lessen the negative impact of environment.
o To help and participate to the world‘s main issue which is the climate change, by
developing a GREEN Structure.
Strategies:
o Adopt a new method of building construction that is eco-friendly and less impact to
the nature.
o Using green building materials that will help to control the negative effects of
climate change on the structure.
o Using new technology that helps to reduce carbon dioxide which is the main
contributor of climate change.
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o Using new approach of materials and innovative solutions to Earthquake, Climate
and Space.
o Application of ―Green Code of the Philippines‖ in this proposed project and make
cooperation with the Philippine Green Building Initiative (PGBI).
2. Goal:
The other purpose of the proposed project is to provide the basic needs and necessities of
human being in one structure.
Objectives:
o To enhance living, leisure and work environments; and not to harm the health of
the visitors, users, and occupants through exposure to pollutants or other toxic
materials
o To promotes the ability to dramatically reduce the time needed for construction.
o Modular construction easily incorporates sustainability.
o To make it Reusable whether you need a new layout or your building has been damaged,
modular buildings can be disassembled so individual modules can be replaced or
refurbished.
Strategies:
o Provide a comfortable living for human that promotes green designing.
o Make the proposed project an efficient and strong sustainable structure.
o Providing Renewable Energy
o Promotes affordable housing for mid income people
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3. Goal:
One of the basic goals of the study is to create a structure that will introduce new
innovation of residential in Philippines.
Objectives:
o To help the country to practice the new innovation of building constructions.
o To offer the prefabricated modular building for Filipinos to affordable housing.
o To create modern human settlement. Box within a box concept.
o To make Introduction to Climate Change Resiliency: GREEEN (Geared for

Resiliency and Energy Efficiency for the Environment)
Strategies:
o Create and develop a concept that can provide an aesthetic and functional manner,
especially to human anthropometrics movement.
o Create new approach of materials and innovative solutions to Earthquake, Climate
and Space.
o Use the most resourceful and strong method for structural stability of the structure.
1.1.4 Scope and Limitations
Scope of the study
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The research inclines to develop a study and design that promotes development in green
and sustainable architecture in Capas Tarlac City. Where the structure and environment interact
to vitality and sense of horizontal urban development that provides natural mechanism for energy
efficiency and gives sensitivity to its environment. A modular house promotes space saving idea
inside of the house. The house are built in programmed stages from flooring to finished product
and then set in place.
The study includes relevant subjects of the study to the standard intelligent and
sustainable design for modular housing project will cover such as:
o Assessment and development of an Intelligent Building.
o Facilitation of Sustainable Architecture.
o A new house image based on studies in resisting force majeure
o Green building initiative towards an efficient living.
Limitation of the study
To limit the scope of study, the following will serve as the boundaries/basis:
o The study will not include institutional facilities
o Technical soil bearing of the site
o Marketing strategy of the project
o 15 years after the construction
o The market cost of new technology that is use in the study
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1.1.5 Purpose/ Relevance/ Significance of the Thesis
The distinctiveness of the proposed prototype housing is that all the components include
the fundamental needs of a man that comprises shelter and social environment that combined in a
modular development.
The structure itself takes self-awareness in the sensitivity of the ecological surroundings,
anthropometrics and promotes sustainability and efficiency while aiming the first prototype
modular housing and iconic residential structure in the Philippines.
In developing a structure, we should always consider its environmental state that covers
orientation, terrain, lot size, safety and security, utilities, zoning ordinances, wind pattern and
accessibility. That the user and the structure become one that promotes porosity and permeability
in helping to establish a positive social space.
1.1.6 Assumptions
The allotted site where the proposed project will be commence is owned and
financed by a private developer, that have been acknowledged for a prototype housing
development project in Capas Tarlac City. With this outcome of study and research of the
proponents, the proponents arrived in a project where in it is attaining the self-sustainable
prototype housing in Capas that can aid and help the issues about global warming, greenhouse
effect and urban congestion. It is one of the goals of the proposed The New Fold Housing
Prototype which will be sited in Capas Tarlac City. It will be a project of Ayala Land
Corporation and also be funded by the said company.
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1.1.7 Definition of Terms & Concepts
Concept and Terms:
Fold – a part doubled or laid over another part
Prototype – is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process
or to act as a thing to be replicated or learned from. It is a term used in a variety of contexts,
including semantics, design, electronics, and software programming. A prototype is designed to
test and try a new design to enhance precision by system analysts and users. Prototyping serves
to provide specifications for a real, working system rather than a theoretical one. In some
workflow models, creating a prototype (a process sometimes called materialization) is the step
between the formalization and the evaluation of an idea.
The word prototype derives from the Greek prototypon, "primitive form", neutral of
prototypos, "original, primitive", from "first" and typos, "impression".
Eco-friendly- environment-friendly, nature-friendly, and green are marketing claims referring to
goods and services, laws, guidelines and policies that inflict reduced, minimal, or no harm at all,
upon ecosystems or the environment.
Green Architecture- philosophy of architecture that advocates sustainable energy sources, the
conservation of energy, the reuse and safety of building materials, and the siting of a building
with consideration of its impact on the environment.
Sustainable Architecture- architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental
impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and
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development space. Sustainable architecture uses a conscious approach to energy and ecological
conservation in the design of the built environment.
Climate Change- is a significant time variation in weather patterns occurring over periods
ranging from decades to millions of years. Climate change may refer to a change in average
weather conditions, or in the time variation of weather around longer-term average conditions
(i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events).
Global Warming- is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of
the Earth's atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the
Earth's climate.
Green Building- the product of sustainable design, refers to both a structure and the using of
processes that are environmentally and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from
sitting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. In other
words, green building design involves finding the balance between homebuilding and the
sustainable environment.
Bioclimatic Architecture- refers to the design of buildings and spaces (interior – exterior –
outdoor) based on local climate, aimed at providing thermal and visual comfort, making use of
solar energy and other environmental sources. Basic elements of bioclimatic design are passive
solar systems which are incorporated onto buildings and utilize environmental sources (for
example, sun, air, wind, vegetation, water, soil, sky) for heating, cooling and lighting the
buildings.
Bioclimatic- it is the pertaining or a relationship between the living things and climate and
adapting is natural effects on building envelope.
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Greenhouse gas- is any gaseous compound in the atmosphere that is capable of absorbing
infrared radiation, thereby trapping and holding heat in the atmosphere. By increasing the heat in
the atmosphere, greenhouse gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect, which ultimately
leads to global warming.
Fossil fuel -is a general term for buried combustible geologic deposits of organic materials,
formed from decayed plants and animals that have been converted to crude oil, coal, natural gas,
or heavy oils by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over hundreds of millions of
years.
Active Cooling System- is a mechanical building design approach that focuses on heating,
venting and air-conditioning to improve the indoor thermal comfort with low or efficient energy
consumption.
Abbreviations:
GREEEN- Geared for Resiliency and Energy Efficiency for the Environment
PGBI- Philippine Green Building Initiative
HUDCC- Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
NHA- National Housing Authority
HLURB- Housing and Landuse Regulatory Board
DENR- Department of Environment and Natural Resources
LEED- Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
UDD- Urban Development Department
CAAP- Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines
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DOT- Department of Tourism
DENR- Department of Environment and Natural Resources
PSA- Philippine Statistics Authority
BOS- Bureau of Soils
PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
DES- Department of Environmental Services
CFC- Chloroflourocarbon
1.2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND CASE STUDIES
Topic no. 1: Article for related studies about Need for Green Buildings
CASE STUDIES NO. 1Title: Green: Protection against calamity
The strongest argument today for the need for green buildings/structures is the possibility of
storm, flooding and power blackout. There is also the possibility of terrorist attack that can
destroy electric power distribution.
If there is no objection to that, we may proceed to say that in these events homes, schools, public
buildings, office buildings and emergency shelters must maintain livable conditions to survive
indefinite periods of loss of electricity, or water.
Need for green buildings
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The vulnerability of buildings to storms, floods, terrorist attack causing power outage and water
shortage brings about the need for green and sustainable buildings. Every building must have the
ability to maintain critical life-support conditions if electricity and water services get cut off.
This will include proper building orientation, insulation, sunshades, day lighting and natural
ventilation, photovoltaic power systems, and rainwater collection.
Our acceptance of the reality of global warming leads us to expect more severe and frequent
storms, and we have now to incorporate storm resiliency in building design.
Green or sustainable building design and construction practices and technologies assure the built
environment with ―passive survivability,‖ a term coined in the United States by Alex Wilson of
the Environmental Building News after hurricane Katrina.
Day lighting, natural ventilation
Green buildings emphasize the use of as much daylight as possible. This leads naturally to lower
operating costs, increased worker productivity and good health. Well-placed windows save
cooling energy costs. They also capture views provide ventilation and day lighting, very helpful
during power blackouts.
Rainwater management
Rainwater collection and storage reduces water runoff and more importantly saves water for
cleaning and watering plants. In some advanced countries, they divert rainwater through an
underground tank into the aquifer. They also require private development to submit rainwater
management strategy in the zoning and building permit process for developments beyond a
certain amount of building floor area. The allowable difference between permeable or porous soil
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and impermeable or cemented areas in city and community centers has given rise to award-
winning street-edge rain gardens. Even schoolchildren are encouraged to participate in vegetable
rain gardens in school parking lots, and empty spaces in school grounds.
Sewage overflow during major storms threaten drinking water supply. Therefore outdated and
overburdened pipe infrastructure in cities and towns has to be replaced. Some transform part of
impervious areas in combined sewer system drainage areas into planted acres that filter or store
rainfall.
Renewable energy
Fuel supply interruption is another reason for us to adopt green building design. Using renewable
sources like photovoltaic or PV, wind and biomass to generate electricity on-site can assure
power supply for critical needs.
Topic no. 2: Article about the of Philippine Green Building code
Title: Developing a local green building code
While the concept of a ―green building‖ has already become quite fashionable in the country, it
is however not yet so easy to find buildings in the Philippines that are truly green. The very first
obstacle to determine whether or not a building is green is having the sufficient technical
background and understanding of green building practices.
By now consumers should be aware of ―green washing,‖ a term which refers to any deceptive
marketing of products, services or properties claiming to be ―green‖ without sufficient technical
evidence. A common example of this is that many people are still easily fooled into thinking that
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a condominium project is a green building simply because of the presence of landscaping and
gardens.
Standards for the tropics
Local experts in the building industry are the most qualified and objective arbiters in determining
what buildings can or cannot be considered green. The Philippine Green Building Initiative
(PGBI) is an alliance of the professional organizations of architects, engineers, interior designers
and heritage conservationists in the country. In their professional capacity, this organization has
developed the building rating standards by which buildings can be evaluated. It is important to
note that this evaluation tool is particularly well-suited in the Philippines because it was made
primarily for local climate conditions, unlike other evaluation systems that were designed for
colder climates.
The PGBI‘s building rating system is already being implemented, with a growing number of
accredited assessors already trained and deployed throughout the country. However, such a
rating system is purely voluntary. While it would indeed be helpful in having a local version of
such world-class rating systems as LEED or BREEAM, the reach of such a rating system would
be limited as standards are quite demanding. To close this gap, the PGBI has started working
closely with a local government unit in developing a pilot mandatory green building code, to
ensure a wider audience and implementation of green building standards throughout the country.
The major components of the green building ordinance include energy and water. A green
building is most concerned with the building envelope which includes the exterior walls and
doors, windows and the roof. These elements, being exposed to the sun, absorb heat which
affects the thermal comfort of the occupants. The ordinance mandates solar control glazing and
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control of solar radiation to achieve air conditioning efficiency. For water, the ordinance
mandates water reduction, rainwater collection and water recycling.
Topic No. 3: Green Eco-friendly Building as a New Trend in Construction Industry
Title: Green Eco-friendly Buildings Becoming a Trend in the Philippines
Due to the adverse effects of deforestation, building contractors and real estate developers are
now embracing environment friendly construction techniques. Majority of the building
contractors and developers here in the Philippines seem to be more environmentally aware,
paying attention to the total effect of their buildings to the environment. Currently, there is an
exceptional trend and a huge demand for constructing green and eco-friendly buildings in the
Philippines and other parts of the world.
Building Eco-Friendly
The construction of green building gives important consideration to the design, cost, and the use
of natural sources. The design must be simple but smart, and the cost of eco-friendly materials
must be kept at a minimum. It should maximize the use of natural sources by efficiently keeping
waste at a minimum or no waste at all. The construction method should also be efficient by
giving emphasis to the use of energy, water, and other natural sustainable materials.
Sustainable building construction materials are easily recycled, reused, or replaceable without a
big effect on the environment. These sustainable building materials are low-toxic or non-toxic at
all with minimal chemical emissions, and are included into the entire woodland product line for
any kind of building or residential construction.
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In order to qualify for green building design, construction, and operation, the company‘s project
should be validated by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). LEED is a
set of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings,
and homes. LEED is internationally recognized as a third party certification program that
validates whether a particular structure meet its qualifications. There are particular standards that
are set to measure different ecological qualities of buildings according to its purposes.
Case Studies No.01 (Local):
Project: House Prototype In The Philippines: Typhoon-resistant Houses
Residential Development The Philippines – design by Picerno Ceraso Lab – Aramplus
September 28, 2011
Introduction
Human kind has always been searching for solutions that will help them dominate the natural
elements by ensuring the opportunity ‗to live a peaceful and safe life. Time after time over the
centuries has applied its technical knowledge to set free themselves from the fear and the power
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that nature opposes. Sometimes the solutions adopted have been effective but some other times
they have created the worst conditions that have negative and trapping generating systems.
Experience has generated two opposing ways of thinking that always confront the most varied
terrain of science. The first one supports the ability to oppose their own resources so as to
dominate the natural environment, shaping and managing tasks and resources to complete
unconsciousness. This first approach has produced some negative and obvious examples with
poor results. The second approach believes in an intelligent integration of man into the
environment, considering not only as a ruthless and devastating being, but rather believes that a
force so fierce, through knowledge, logic, and respect can be useful to their purposes.
Idea
Our idea stems from the emergency created by the phenomena of typhoons in your area and the
experience and knowledge from our study in the rebuilding after a disaster.
According to this, our idea is to create a new type of housing that will be able to respond to
emergencies typhoon. This design system, create less damage in the destructive phase, has a very
high speed reconstruction, low cost, and directed by the owners of the house so as to be self-
built, without any intervention from outside companies, nor material storage.
These benefits can be obtained only through a new type of design ideas that use the numerical
control machines (laser cut, milling machines) and software design that can directly bring the
viewer‘s home, think and construct their own home.
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This technology is currently used in the rebuilding of New Orleans, after the damage caused by
Hurricane Katrina. All areas of the world where are under the danger of natural disasters such as
floods, are moving towards this new design ideas that allow specific solutions.
Philippines Eco Housing Project
Project Objectives:
1. Empower the Filipino people to build self-sustainable housing for and with each other.
2. Assist Filipinos in building housing solutions which:
o Are typhoon resistant
o Are inexpensive to build
o Use local Filipino materials to stimulate the local economy.
o Complement traditional Filipino building techniques.
o Provide shared off-the-grid water, sewerage, and cooking facilities. (For eco-
villages housing 6 families or more).
o Build a prototype to facilitate local acceptance and understanding of the
technology.
3. Enable such sustainable solutions to be deployed on a larger scale. Solutions built by
the people, for the people.
Project Overview:
The ―Philippines Eco Housing Project‖ strives to empower the Filipino people to build typhoon
resistant housing that is ecologically friendly and culturally sensitive while complementing
traditional Filipino techniques.
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Off-Grid Aid believes that self-sustainable housing is the way forward, not just in the
Philippines, but on a global scale. Since the devastation caused by Typhoon Yolanda, it has
become clear that Filipinos are in need of an effective housing solution, a solution that can
withstand up to 26 typhoons per year, is cost-effective to build, and ecologically friendly to the
environment. The ―Philippines Eco Housing Project‖ aims to address all of these concerns in one
holistic approach.
International volunteers experienced in earth-building technologies and permaculture techniques
(sustainable living) will train Filipinos using a collaborative skills-sharing approach. Our
volunteers will run workshops across the Philippines to:
1. Provide hands-on training for Filipinos in earth-bag building technologies and
sustainable living.
2. Build an initial Proof-Of-Concept which demonstrates the effectiveness of the
technology.
3. Learn from Filipinos to understand how these modern solutions can be synergised with
Proof-of-Concept Design:
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The Butterfly House: A Housing Solution for Yolanda Victims
At midnight on December 20, 2013, Rogelio Santos Jr. was seized by an idea so unrelenting that
he had to get up and act on it. Rogelio or ―Vonz‖ to his friends is the CEO and Chairman of a
biotechnology company in the US and the Philippines. He had seen the devastation wrought by
typhoon Yolanda to millions of his countrymen in the Visayas, and he knew he had to do
something. He got up, grabbed a cardboard box and some tape and started working on his idea.
He was so into it that he even ran out of tape, and had to use band-aid. What Santos had in mind
was a solution to the housing crisis that had ensued, which had left 4 million homeless.
This was how the idea for the Butterfly House System was born. Fast forward to two months
later, after collaborating with the brilliant minds of interior designer Budji Layug and architect
Royal Pineda, the prototype of the Butterfly House was unveiled.
But what exactly is the Butterfly House? Well, it is a steel-framed housing structure that can be
folded for compact shipping and storage. The floor area of single unit is 11.5 square meters,
while that with a bathroom is 15 square meters. For the full unit with the bathroom, which they
call the ―Monarch,‖ is 26 square meters.
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While the primary component of the current model is a steel frame, the roofing is made of
galvanized steel, marine plywood, and heat insulation foam. The exterior panel on the other
hand, is interchangeable with a number of materials — marine plywood, metal, plastic, and even
bamboo/sawali.
Santos says that the impetus for his creation is the desperate situation he had seen in the Visayas.
―We have to take action, because a storm happened, and more than a hundred days later, people
are still homeless,‖ he says. ―I‘m not trying to attack the current administration; I think they need
our help.‖
One of the key things that Santos made sure with the development of the Butterfly House was
that it could be deployed very easily. Thus, it was designed to fit multiple housing units when
folded into a single freight container for transfer via ship or truck. And since the house is
basically ―unfolded‖ rather than constructed on site, the speed of deploying housing to thousands
is accelerated while reducing the man-hours required for site construction.
Besides being sturdy and easy to deploy, the Butterfly House features a sleek design that is very
modern-looking. ―When the people who have just gone through a terrible experience see this,
their spirit will be uplifted right away,‖ says Royal Pineda. ―Because they will be able to see that
they are being given a quality home, not a substandard sort of housing system.‖
Indeed, the Butterfly House can be used for more than just an immediate, temporary solution to
meet the needs of displaced families. It also has a future as a low-cost housing solution, since —
at 50,000-70,000 pesos, it is priced below the current solutions and is still comparable in terms of
size and durability.
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―Ang proyektong ito ay tutugon sa pangangailangan ‗di lamang ng nasalantang Pilipino, kundi
ng sinumang mangangailangan ng mura at desenteng pabahay saan mang panig ng mundo (This
project will meet the need not only of Filipinos who are victims of calamities, but also of those
who are in need of inexpensive and decent housing in any part of the world,‖ says Efren
Penaflorida, the 2009 CNN Hero of the Year, who is a social worker, teacher, and founder of the
―Tulak Tacloban,‖ which provides education access to survivors of typhoon Yolanda.
Wafflebox Concrete Modular Houses
Wafflebox Concrete Modular Houses: An All Filipino Patented Invention
Waffle box Concrete Modular Houses are designed and studied by the technical people of Solid
and Insulated Poured Concrete Construction (Solidcon Construction- Registered Trade Name).
The idea of inventing a new construction technology or the Wafflebox Concrete Modular Houses
was inspired by the victims of Yolanda on 2013.
o This green building technology helps decrease carbon footprint by utilizing less
cement;
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o It is insulation ready which reduces consumption of electricity;
o It is an industrial building system which reduces waste, improves quality by
completing most of the construction activities in a controlled fabrication site;
o It lessens waste and noisy activities in the sites thereby considered a neighbor
friendly construction technology
Factory made waffle boxes means better quality (controlled environment), ready-finished, plug-
in units, expandable side wards or upwards (expand when able), highly resistant to earthquake
and tornado (micro portal frames), mitigates against flood, storm surge, tidal waves, snow, sand
storm (stilt foundation and concrete deck), resilient, green (does not use wood, lighter hence
require lesser cement and steel but equally stronger), waffles can receive insulation (unlike
hollow blocks?), free concrete roof deck, and many more.
This studio unit cost P395, 000 is 3m wide x 6.75m long x 2.7m high, or 20.25sq.m. But also
included is another deck equivalent to 20.25sq.m.
Included: Plans, structure, floor tiles, painted walls and ceiling (bare concrete), Filipino
standard kitchen, Filipino Standard t&b, wood doors, steel windows, septic vault, electrical post,
electrical, plumbing, operational.
Excluded: Hot water, water tank, pump, aircon, water and electrical deposits to utility
companies, stair to deck, deck railing, all kinds of bonds and insurances
Variable cost: freight, foundation.
Cost to expand side ward or up wards +/- P395, 000 per 20.25sq.m.
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STRONG
Roof, Floor, and Walls monolithically poured in one step and with portal frames (steel bars all-
around like a ‗Roll Cage‘ in your car) which gives the highest structural strength against
earthquakes and typhoons. No they are not panels; we cast the Roof, Floor and Walls together at
the same time. Every unit is 4,000 psi (that‘s strong enough to carry 4 extra floors).
GREEN and LIGHTWEIGHT
Using up to 50% less concrete (cement)
–ROOF DECK as bonus (that‘s a huge extra floor-space) and the only roof which does not
flyaway with typhoon.
SPEED
Made in a factory; transported to your lot; placed in 1 day… (Industrialized Building System)
EXPANDABLE
Ready for additions; to expand your home in the future
Transferable
They can be relocated or may be transferred to a another site
– Attractive designs; Tropical, Minimalist, Mediterranean etc.
– INSULATION optional
Our ‗Waffle Box Building Technology‘ reinforced concrete homes are disaster-resistant to
tornado force winds, storm, hurricane, typhoon, and earthquake.
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Case Studies No.04 (International):
Container homes by MEKA World
I just discovered this prefab container house company from Canada. That's right, all
these home models are made from metal shipping containers! They have six very impressive
container home designs to choose from. The number in the model name tells you how many
square feet the design has. For example, the ALP 320 is 320 square feet. You can find more
photos and floor plans on their website, MEKAworld.com. All photo and image credits in this
post go to MEKA World. The models and current prices (in USD) as of the day of this post are
listed below...
The ALP 320 shown above is a studio model (no separate bedroom). The SOL 480 and
VOR 640 are both one bedroom models. The THOR 960 has two bedrooms, one up and one
down. The HELA 1280 is a three bedroom unit with two bedrooms on the second floor and one
on the first. The THOR and HELA both have two bathrooms; the ALP, SOL, and VOR have just
one bathroom each. I love the fact that they show many of their completed designs with solar
panels and rain barrels.
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The MEKA World prefabricated shipping container homes are completely finished inside
and out. They are wired, plumbed, and well insulated. Bathroom fixtures are installed, as are
kitchen cabinets. I am not sure about kitchen appliances. I suspect the solar panels and
rainwater catchment systems are extra.
Benson Wood Homes
Benson wood Homes has demonstrated that factory-built homes can be beautiful,
original, and high-performance. From a collection of engineered net-zero dwellings to a shop-
fabricated LEED-Platinum prototype, all homes from this Walpole, N.H.-based company are
built to exacting standards of sustainability, efficiency, and livability. Its newest creation, a
timber-frame dwelling in Weston, Conn., shows that pre-fab construction can offer all of the
design flexibility of a site-built custom home.
The owners' vision, a contemporary take on the classic New England barn, was achieved
through the use of simple, rustic materials such as exposed Douglas fir timbers, steel hardware,
and vertical barn board siding. Modern touches such as the open floor plan, state-of-the-art
kitchen, and vaulted ceilings lighten and brighten the farmhouse aesthetic.
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Through oversized windows and glass double doors, natural light floods the large south-
facing entry foyer, where the sun's warmth is absorbed by the thermal mass of the slate floor
tiles.
Architect Chris Adams fine-tuned the window selection to the home's orientation, with
double-glazed 0.33 U-factor south-facing windows and triple-glazed 0.2 units for the northern
side. For much of the fall and some of the winter, heating is provided only by the centrally
located Tulikivi wood-burning fireplace. Made of Scandinavian soapstone, the heat-
accumulating firebox radiates warmth for up to 24 hours after a fire is put out, so Adams located
an air return close by to help circulate the warm air throughout the house.
But it's the factory-built nature of the house that provides the most energy-efficient
benefits, achieving an engineered, airtight home (1.76 ACH@50Pa) while saving time and
money during the construction process, Adams point out. "With factory construction, it's the
quality of the connections and how well the pieces go together that make for a very tight
building."
Benson wood continues to create highly efficient factory-built homes.
For decades, design/build firm Benson wood Homes has demonstrated that factory-built
homes can be beautiful, original, and high-performance. From a collection of engineered net-
zero dwellings to a shop-fabricated LEED-Platinum prototype, all homes from this Walpole,
N.H.-based company are built to exacting standards of sustainability, efficiency, and livability.
Its newest creation, a timber-frame dwelling in Weston, Conn., shows that pre-fab
construction can offer all of the design flexibility of a site-built custom home.
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through the use of simple, rustic materials such as exposed Douglas fir timbers, steel hardware,
and vertical barn board siding. Modern touches such as the open floor plan, state-of-the-art
kitchen, and vaulted ceilings lighten and brighten the farmhouse aesthetic.
double-glazed 0.33 U-factor south-facing windows and triple-glazed 0.2 units for the northern
side. For much of the fall and some of the winter, heating is provided only by the centrally
located Tulikivi wood-burning fireplace. Made of Scandinavian soapstone, the heat-
accumulating firebox radiates warmth for up to 24 hours after a fire is put out, so Adams located
an air return close by to help circulate the warm air throughout the house.
benefits, achieving an engineered, airtight home (1.76 ACH@50Pa) while saving time and
money during the construction process, Adams point out. "With factory construction, it's the
quality of the connections and how well the pieces go together that make for a very tight
building."
In addition, the home is sealed with a European gasketing product instead of foam where
the walls meet the deck, the roof meets the walls, and around windows and doors. The foam
rubber material from Trelleborg ensures an airtight seal at every intersection of the building
envelope and retains its resilience even during shifting and through seasonal expansion and
contraction, Adams says.
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The one-of-a-kind dwelling also benefits from the Open-Built integrated process used for
all Benson wood homes, which takes a layered design approach that allows owners to easily
move or remove walls or access fixtures and wiring to adapt to the changing needs of occupants.
Low-Income Housing Prototypes in Mozambique, Southeast Africa
The Department of Human Settlements at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts' School of
Architecture, Design, and Conservation has developed a new low-income housing prototype for
Maputo, Mozambique in southeast Africa as part of the Casas Melhoradas research project. The
prototype reinterprets the area‘s traditional ―Casa de Madeira e Zinco,‖ which is made of wood
and corrugated iron sheets, and the "Casa de Blocos," which is composed of concrete blocks.
The design features ―a heavy first floor concrete base with a light two-storey wooden house on
top,‖ with outdoor balconies that provide ―a social transition zone between inside and out.‖ In
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addition, the prototype utilized local sustainable wood as well as local carpenters and craftsmen
to construct and assemble the prefabricated elements.
The Casas Melhoradas research project seeks to improve physical living conditions for low-
income groups in slum areas ―characterized by housing of poor structural quality, inadequate
access to social and technical infrastructure, overcrowding, and insecure tenure.‖
Through affordable rental housing, the hope of the project is to ―facilitate the development of
more compact urban environments,‖ and make ―future infrastructure investments more cost-
effective.‖
Thus, the project hopes to counter Maputo‘s rapid horizontal growth, which has led to unplanned
urban developments and limited infrastructure like paved streets, sewage, electricity, and storm
water management.
The Royal Danish Academy is collaborating with several groups for the project, including the
Faculdade de Arquitectura e Planeamento Físico at Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, The
Mozambican NGO Estamos, and the Danish branch of Architects without Borders.
The first housing prototypes were released from 2014 to 2015, and are currently featured at the
Africa exhibition at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art. The project aims to develop
additional prototypes during 2016.
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Low-Income Housing Prototypes in Maputo, Southeast Africa
Background:
Today about one billion people live in slums in developing countries. According to UN-Habitat
this figure will grow to two billion over the next 15 years. Slums in developing countries are the
fastest growing type of human habitat and there are many problems and potentials associated
with this development.
Maputo is characterized by great social inequality and unplanned urban development. The slum
areas in Maputo are characterized by the lack of basic infrastructure (water, roads, electricity,
etc.). The houses are one floor and the urban density is low. Maputo has a population of
approximately 2.5 million and is currently experiencing a high population growth rate of
approximately 5% annually. Up to 90% of the population lives in slum areas. Currently the city
expands horizontally. Urban densification can result in a more economically and
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environmentally sustainable urban development, but requires the development of more compact
housing typologies than the dominant conventional single-storey detached houses.
In Maputo, there is limited experience with high densities, as multi storey construction is
expensive. There is a very limited degree of industrialization in the construction sector and the
quality of construction is often low.
Project:
The project will develop and test different housing typologies, construction techniques and
modes of production in full scale with the construction of test houses. These will then be
compared and evaluated in order to identify the most appropriate solutions to the slum dwellers
in Maputo. Comparative studies of technical performance (durability, indoor climate), economic
performance (cost of building materials, manual labor, transportation, maintenance, time spent
on construction) and socio-cultural performance (social acceptance, compatibility with cultural
norms) will be carried out between each constructed housing prototype.
The project will develop new housing typologies with higher urban densities than conventional
housing models in order to use infrastructure and space more efficiently and on that basis create
a more economically and environmentally sustainable urban development. Various multi-story
housing typologies, rooted in the local socio-economic and cultural conditions, will be developed
and built by Danish architects in cooperation with local partner organizations and local builders.
The project will develop building component manufacturing of semi-industrial nature to
facilitate mass production of housing and thereby reduce the time spent on construction, reduce
waste of resources and reduce the cost of housing. There will be experimented with prefabricated
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element construction that will be produced locally in Maputo‘s slums, based on the locally
available capabilities.
By accommodating the rapid population growth and facilitating the urban densification by
developing more compact housing while developing more efficient construction methods, the
project seeks to improve the quality of life, reduce the price of housing and use the limited
resources more efficiently. The developed housing models, building techniques and production
methods will be tested in full scale in the construction of test houses and will subsequently be
evaluated to identify the most appropriate solutions for low-income neighborhoods in Maputo.
1.3 THEORETICAL/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
In demand to attain a green and sustainable future prototype housing, as the promoter
endorse adoption of multi-disciplinary methodology covering a number of features such as:
energy saving, new gen materials , material waste minimization, pollution and radiations control.
There are several methods in which the current nature of building activity can be controlled and
improved to make it less environmentally damaging, without reducing the useful output of
building activities. To create a competitive advantage using environment-friendly construction
practices, the whole life-cycle of buildings should, therefore, be the context under which these
practices are carried out. A review of literature has identified the general objectives which should
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shape the framework for implementing green and sustainable building design and construction,
while keeping in mind the principles of sustainability issues are social, environmental and
economic. These concepts are:
1. Supply preservation
2. Price productivity and
3. Adaptation of the design
4. Comparative of the New to the Old design
5. Sources and Demand
Green and Sustainable House Objectives and

Strategies
Objectives
Resource Design for Human

Conservation Adaptation
Cost Efficiency
Strategies
Energy Conservation Initial Cost Protecting Human Health
Material Conservation Purchase Cost And Comfort
Water Conservation Cost in Use Protecting Human
Land Conservation Recovery Cost Sources

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1.4 METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
Any actions should have methodical processes in order to attain a productive result for a
project. Methodology implies a series of realistic and information based on analysis and delimits
The presence of uncertain that may arise. It also gives an overview of the research guiding the
researcher to a clear path, creating a more controlled environment. The major activities in
research.
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Environmental Issue and Needs
Identification of Problem and

Opportunities
Building Construction and

Technology
Green Building Technology New Building Technology
Proposal of THE NEW FOLD
Data Gathering
Actual research and Data of difference Research through World Wide Web
Agencies
Establishment of:
Development Need Factors to Consider
Green and Iconic Analysis of Data Acquired Guidelines/Design

Skyscraper Concept
Development
Needs Synthesis Concept
Conceptualization
Architectural Programming Design Evaluation
Development of Probable Design
Solution and Strategies

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Problem Identification
This is where the researchers search for a specific problem on a specific place and consider the
improvement for the selected type of project. It is the process of knowing what problems are
needed to be given appropriate solutions. In this case, ―A need for highly green and sustainable
enough Modular Prototype House to deal with the effects of climate change and other
environmental problems.
Another problem that needs to be addressed is on how to lessen the carbon dioxide emission as
the number one contributor of global warming and how to fight to the uncontrolled increase of
solar heat or global warming. Since the Modular Prototype House was designed from being eco-
friendly structure that will serve as a solution in this present environmental issues.
Data Gathering
This is the process wherein the researchers gather data and measuring information on targeted
variables in an established systematic method, which then enables one to answer related
questions and evaluate outcomes. The goal for all data collection is to capture quality evidence
that then translates to rich data analysis and allows the building of a convincing and credible
answer to questions that have been posed. This includes finding and researching topics and data
sources that contributes to the solution of the problems.
The following are the sources of data and different information that the proponents have
gathered:
 Bases Conversion Development Authority (BCDA)
 CLUP of Capas Tarlac City
 Tarlac Building Ordinance
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 Site for the proposed project
 Philippine Green Building and Initiative (PGBI)
 Green materials
 Green Code of the Philippines, Initial Draft
 Green method of construction
 How the structure to be classified as Green Building
 Economical advantage of Green Structure
 Sustainable Architecture
 Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
 World‘s environmental issue which is ―climate change‖.
 Concern of the government about this environmental issue.
After gathering data, reading related topics and articles useful for the proposal. The proponent
should be able to take-down and list all of the important information and facts collected to make
an analytical and logical hypothesis to create possible conclusion and solution on how to solve
the stated problem/s.
Data Evaluation
After gathering and identifying all the needed data, the researchers will now compelled to
study and identify the essence of the gathered information. The proper distinction and analysis of
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every details of information should be carefully and intelligently done, as this will be the basis of
the whole research.
From this part, the proponent should be able to evaluate all the information gathered from
reference books, magazines, and articles as well as interviewed facts from different government
agencies. The proponent should be able to explain the reasons behind the stated problems to be
addressed at the same time arranged and identify the variety of possible solutions and strategies
to be done upon addressing the dilemmas. Established solution and concepts of the proponent
should be backed-up with concrete and specific design solution to be applied to the design.
Architectural Programming
This is the part of the study where the proponents make the ocular visit of the site to do the
observation and study of the topography, sun and wind pattern, soil and water condition,
vegetation, climate, and accessibility. They also include the analysis of the strengths and
weaknesses of the site.
Study and development of the space programming, zoning, orientation, conceptualization and
massing are also involve in this part of study.
Conclusion
After extracting ideas and information on the data gathered, a solid statement of the project will
lead to the development of space programming and establishment of design framework.
On this part, the proponent should already conclude what are the specific design strategies to be
incorporated to the design. This includes planning strategies and direct concept that should be
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planned effectively according to the design solution that the proponent has established based on
the problems and queries regarding existing retirement communities.
The specific location of the project and all of the different constraints should already identified
by the proponent at this stage. The proponent should all recognize strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and treats from within the locality and consider it on how the facility will be
planned and functionally arrange according to the developed idea and concept of the proponent
into the chosen site.
Translation
This part is the transformation of data from the research to graphical output. This will be given a
clear definition and interpretation of the design framework that was established in the process.
This is the part where in the proponent is now ready to put all of the ideas and concepts
developed in boards/ paper using pencils, rulers, inks, and colouring medias. This is the part
where in all architectural drawings will be presented in order to show how to strategies and
techniques in planning and construction being done by the proponent in order to come up and
infuse all the concepts into graphical transactions.
Recommendation
After all processes have been initiated, the researcher will now then get recommendations based
on the conducted research. This is done through the identification of the systems developed and
implementation of the most appropriate facts from the study. This is also the part where in the
researcher could think of the possibilities and further research of the project to its extent on how
it will become more unique and efficient compared to the existing structures
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1.5 Bibliography:
Planning and Engineering Department of Municipality of Capas Tarlac
(E. Quirino, Angeles City, Pampanga)
Urban Development Department of Makati City (UDD)
(San Miguel Village, Poblacion, Manila, Metro Manila)
Philippine Green Building and Initiative (PGBI)
(Rockwell drive corner Palma Street, Makati City.)
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
(Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City)
Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
(9th &15th Floors BDO Plaza,, BDO Plaza, 8737 Paseo de Roxas, Makati, Metro Manila)
National Housing Authority
(Quezon Memorial, Elliptical Road, Diliman 1100, Quezon City)
Bases Conversion and Development Authority
(2/F Bonifacio Technology Center, 31st Street corner 2nd Avenue, Bonifacio Global City)
Bases Conversion Development Corporation
(Officers Club House, Gozar, corner Lucas Street, Villamor Air Base, Pasay City, 1300)
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
(Sunnymede IT Center, 1614 Quezon Ave, Diliman, Quezon City, 1103 Metro Manila)
Books and References:
Building Envelopes an Integrated Approach, by Jenny Lovell
ASHRAE Green Guide, the Design, Construction, and Operation of Sustainable Buildings
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Green Code of the Philippines, Initial Draft
National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096)
Advanced Green Structures, LLC
Green Guide to Prefab
Prefab Houses, Design Source
Modular Structures in Design and Architecture
Finding and Preparing Building Lot for a Modular Home
Websites:
http://www.the-homestore.com/handouts
https://www.pinterest.com/jandelhomes
http://www.makati.gov.ph/portal
http://leed.usgbc.org/leed
https://greenbuildingph
https://psa.gov.ph
https://greenbuildingph.wordpress.com
Realestatenetwork.ph/eco-friendly-building
http://www.smarthouseprefab.com.ph/product_standard_prefab.html
http://197629/bcda-to-offer-low-cost-housing-for-workers-in-clark-green-city
http://www.bcda.gov.ph/
http://www.martinaborubino.com/low-costhousingprototypesinmaputosinformalsettlements
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CHAPTER 2: PRESENTATION OF DATA
2.1.1 PRESENT CONDITION
Demographic Data
Present and Projected Population
In 2000, the population of Capas was recorded at 95,219 which grew at an annual rate of
3.55% towards 2020. By year 2020, the town would achieve the doubling level of its 2010
population. The consequent effects of the inevitable doubling of that population are now slowly
rising in terms of demographic attitudes as exemplified by its pressure to the physical and the
natural environment, the balancing of ecology and the ability to produce food.
As to its 2000 population, its doubling time would be achieved by year 2020. By that
time, its demographic impact would be dominated by the requirement for revolutionary
technology in food production and in the design of settlement. Pressure would also be felt in
maximum utilization of vertical spaces.
By 2020, the population of Capas would be 192,125 using a yearly conservative growth
rate assumption of 3.55%. The projection considered the population patterns in the survey
conducted in 1995, 2000, 2007. However, it is expected that the projected level would be even
higher by the end of the projection period should all programmed developments in Capas
surrounding vicinity would have been implemented by that time.
Among the factors that triggered the population increase was the transfer of AFP
headquarters in Camp O‘Donnell and the full development of the former US Military Bases into
a special economic zone. Both projects will be a magnet to migrants coming to Capas who would
either work or provide services in the two facilities. Thus, the settlers would need areas for
permanent settlement, road arteries for mobility and public market for the procurement of staple
food requirements. Shown in table is the projected population of Capas from 2007 to 2020.
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Projected Population of Capas: 2007 – 2020
YEAR PROJECTED POPULATION
2007 122,084
2008 126,419
2009 130,907
2010 135,555
2011 140,367
2012 145,351
2013 150,512
2014 155,855
2015 161,389
2016 167,119
2017 173,052
2018 179,197
2019 185,559
2020 192,147
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Ethnic Origins
The Aetas were the first inhabitants of Capas. The traces of their race are still visible in
the municipality. What made their population thinner overtime were the result of colonization
and the past governmental policies that deprived them of their permanent settlements. The
policies have encouraged local migrants of land ownership which were embodied in the Land
Act of 1903 during the American period and the Tenancy Law of the Magsaysay administration.
These interventions have drastically changed the Aetas‘ habitat and settlement structure which
forced the natives to settle in the adjacent mountains.
But today, IPRA Law protects our Indigenous People from further exploitation.
Today, Capas is inhabited by people of different groupings. Majority of them

representing 90% are Pampangos, 4% Ilocanos, 3% Pangasinense and 2% Tagalogs. The
remaining 1% is represented by people who came from Bicol and the Visayan provinces.
Population and Household
The National Statistics Office population survey revealed that Capas has a total
population of 122,084 and total household of 23,716 as of 2007. These figures represent 9.8%
and 9.2% respectively that of the province‘s total for the same period. Between 2000 and 2007,
the town‘s household population grew annually by 3.55%, a rate higher than the province‘s 2.11
% and more than of the region‘s 2.12%. With this growth rate, Capas now ranks third in Tarlac
Province among the municipalities with bigger population following Tarlac City and
Concepcion. The town has significantly overtaken its ranks in the previous population surveys at
sixth services by the local government.
Population Distribution per Barangay
As of 2007, the highest household population distributed among Capas‘ 20 barangays

was observed in Cristo Rey at 24,623. Far second and third were the population of O‘Donnell
and Sta. Lucia at 13,378 and 9,397 respectively. Manga and Bueno were observed to be among
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the least populated barangays at 1,517 and 1,255 respectively. These figures, however, do not
establish a pattern in Capas as populations in some barangays have changed drastically due to
their transfer from one barangay to another. Shown in Figure 5 is a comparative presentation of
barangay population between 2000 and 2007.
Population by Gender and by Age Distribution
A phenomenon that could be observed in Capas‘ present demographic character is the

quite higher number of the male than the female population. As of 2007, the male, estimated at
62,715 shared 51.37 of the total population.
Agewise, however, the town‘s population structure for both gender seem to represent a
typical pine tree: a straight stem at the base, a ballooned canopy at the middle yet thinning
systematically at its upper part like a cone. Population with ages below one (1) year old represent
a thinly 2.66% of the total, serves as the base suggesting that couples observed child spacing.
However, population begins to bloat at ages 1 – 4 years old range to the peak of 5 – 9 years
range. These represent a combined 22.81% of the total population. It then begins to decrease at
10 – 14 years old range onwards as depicted in Figure 6.It is also noted that women population
becomes greater than men when they reached the age of 60 – 64 years old range onwards
indicating that women in Capas have generally longer life than men. In validating this
observation, provided in table; the population profile of Capas by age and by gender distribution
in 2007.
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Population by Age and Gender Distribution: 2007
Age Range Male Female Total % of Total
Below 1 year old 1,687 1,562 3,249 2.66
1–4 6,525 5,877 12,402 10.15
5–9 8,131 7,317 15,448 12.65
10 – 14 7,570 7,029 14,599 11.95
15 - 19 6,947 6,454 13,401 10.97
20 – 24 5,556 5,353 10,909 8.93
25 – 29 5,033 5,007 10,040 8.22
30 – 34 4,306 4,026 8,332 6.82
35 – 39 4,038 3,966 8,004 6.55
40 – 44 3,418 3,159 6,577 5.38
45 – 49 2,823 2,531 5,354 4.38
50 – 54 2,228 2,077 4,305 3.52
55 – 59 1,622 1,575 3,197 2.61
60 – 64 1,054 1,128 2,182 1.78
65 – 69 718 831 1,549 1.26
70 – 74 548 703 1,251 1.02
75 & Over 511 774 1,285 1.05
Total 62,715 59,369 122,084 100.00
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Population Density
The town‘s population growth at the yearly rate of 3.55% has bearing to its available
space for settlement and to its carrying capacity. As of 2007, Capas has reached an average
density level of 3.24 persons per hectare as differed from the 2.5 person per hectare it achieved
five years ago. The small area occupied by some barangays have, of course, will result to their
being densely populated as observed in Cutcut I at 64.51 persons/ha.; Sto. Domingo I - 82.77
persons/ha.; Talaga - 14.28 persons/ha.; and Cubcub - 13.14 persons/ha. Conversely, those
barangays with bigger areas but with least population will certainly have sparse population.
These are exemplified by Sta. Lucia at 2.78 persons/ha.; Sta. Juliana 0.95 persons/ha.; Bueno
0.20 persons/ha.; and Maruglu at 0.20 persons/ha.
Population Shifts
Sto. Domingo I, Sto. Domingo II, Cubcub, Sto. Rosario and Cutcut I have long been
identified as among Capas‘ urban barangays, others are emerging to be classified as such. Such
observation is primarily due to the significant density level they achieved in the past three
population surveys beginning from 1995 towards 2000 and 2007. This is led by Aranguren
which is primarily due to the resettlement site and the employment training center. Except Cutcut
II, which is pulling a surprise, the others were just waiting to be classified officially, such as,
Dolores, Estrada and Talaga. O‘Donnell, being densely populated next to Cristo Rey, could
already be classified to urban category for it has already complied with the 7,000 population
requirement by the National Statistics Office.
Housing
As discussed in the previous section, the population of Capas, between 2000 and 2007,
grew at an annual rate of 3.55%. Although the household size was slightly contained at 5.14
persons per household, the figure is still higher than the national and the regional averages which
were both recorded at 5.07 persons per household in 1995. Consequently, the growth would
pressure the local administration to identify additional settlement areas for new families that will
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emerge from the town‘s 20 barangays and the maintenance of existing resettlement areas now
being occupied by migrants displaced by Mount Pinatubo.
Tenurial Status
In 2007, the NSO validated a total of 23,716 household in the area. Of this total, only
23,443 households or 98.84% were living in dwelling units. The figure implies two possibilities.
The first was that there were about 273 housing backlogs, or 1.16% of the total; the second was
that the remaining households share with their parents or relatives in a single roof.
About 70.68% of the total households occupying a dwelling unit were located in rural
areas while the rest were established in the town‘s urban centers. By tenurial status, the
households occupy the units either through loan financing, rent, free with the consent of the
owner, or free without consent of the owner.
Occupied Housing Units by Tenurial Status: 2008
Tenure Status of Lot Total Percent of
Total
Owned/Being Amortized 19,800 83.48
Rented 1,261 5.31
Free with Owner’s Consent 2,339 9.90
Free without Owner’s Consent 43 0.18
Not reported 47 0.19
Not Applicable 226 0.95
Total 23,716 100.00
Percent of Total 100.00
Source: CBMS 2008
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Housing Materials
The housing units in Capas are categorized to permanent, semi-permanent and temporary.
The unit is said to be permanent if it is made of concrete and galvanized iron materials. The
housing units of this type are seen in subdivisions established in Cutcut I, Sto. Domingo I, Sto.
Domingo II and Sto. Rosario. Except in Bueno, these structures are also common in many
barangays as numerous families could have saved substantial amount while their members were
working in the Middle East, or in other foreign lands.
The house is said to be semi-permanent if it uses both the concrete, wooden and iron
materials. The housing units of this type built more than thirty years ago or so, are predominant
in all barangays. There are also houses which defy housing orthodoxy, with their walls made of
concrete and wood support for trusses, their roof, however, is covered with either cogon grasses.
Such type of structure has become a rural architecture when the prices of galvanized iron and
transportation cost surged to prohibitive level which the rural residents could no longer afford.
Housing using units of this type are found in Sta. Juliana and Maruglo.
As to units which are classified as temporary, these are the houses made of bamboo,
cogon, sawali or other makeshift materials. Such housing units are typical in Barangay Bueno, an
area isolated from the poblacion. Barangay Bueno‘s relative inaccessibility to transportation has
forced its people to use indigenous materials within their reach for building their shelter.
Housing Structures
Many housing units recently constructed in Capas were generally oriented towards
maximum space utilization. The young generation of unit owners, comprising the majority of the
population, have already shed the typical housing architecture which customarily have two-meter
wooden stairs, placed at the entrance, with height equal to the house‘s floor elevation where a big
space underneath is provided with undefined uses. Regardless of the roofing, most houses with
walls made of concrete now have floors equally leveled to or slightly higher than the road
elevation. These are usually the single detached housing units established along the roadsides
and subdivisions.
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Although there are still semi-permanent house with floors that have two-meter elevation
or more, these are now being renovated by the owners. The big space under their houses were
converted to additional living room or place of economic activity purposely for dry goods, parlor
or sari sari store operation. These houses are common along the stretch of the national highway
in Cutcut I, Sto. Domingo I and Sto. Domingo II.
But the old typical rural houses, structured like stilts, cannot be easily replaced. Families
from low income group still find them convenient to live in because of its relatively cheaper
materials that can be easily sourced within the vicinity. Numerous housing units of this type are
found in all barangays but are predominant in Sitio Matadero in Sto. Domingo I and in Barangay
Bueno.
Projected Housing Needs
From the projected 135,555 level in 2010, Capas population would reach to 192,125 in
year 2020 which would represent an increase of 41.73%. This means that Capas would likely to
absorb some 11,005 families during the period. Although these figures would be equivalent of
the housing demand, the National Housing Authority had other estimates. The agency‘s
projection for the planning period is quite higher because it included the projected units to be
replaced, the unacceptable units to be improved and the new demand from the increasing
population. Table presents the total housing need from 2010 to 2020.
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Projected Housing Needs in Capas: 2007 - 2020
YEAR Net Population Household Size Annual Housing
Increase Needs
2007 6,859 5.2 23,478
2008 4,355 5.2 24,311
2009 4,488 5.2 25,174
2010 4,648 5.2 26,068
2011 4,812 5.2 26,994
2012 4,984 5.2 27,952
2013 5,161 5.2 28,945
2014 5,343 5.2 29,972
2015 5,534 5.2 31,036
2016 5,810 5.2 32,138
2017 5,933 5.2 33,279
2018 6,145 5.2 34,461
2019 6,362 5.2 35,684
2020 6,588 5.2 36,951
TOTAL 77,022 5.2 416,443
Note: The net population increases were based on the projected population in Table 3.6 of the preceding chapter.
Education
As of 2007, Capas has about, more or less 43,488 people who belong to the school – age
population. By school-age, this refers to the population with ages that range from 5 - 9 years old
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to 15 - 19 years old. Their total is equivalent to 35.62 of the town‘s population as recorded by
NSO in the same period.
However, not all of the town‘s total school-age populations were studying. Only 30,368
of them or 57.85% were in the school. The remaining 30.17% chose to stay off the school
grounds.
Literacy Rate
Tarlac is among the provinces noted for having a high rate of functional literacy. As of
2007, the province attained a literacy rate of 96%. For this record, it would be safe to assume that
Capas, ranking third among the Tarlac municipalities with high population, could have also
achieved the same status. This could be the safest assumption. However, getting a modest
education for the town‘s more than Forty thousand school-age population remains an elusive
aspiration among parents. An economic analysis in the succeeding section shows that most of the
low income households in Capas suffer from income deficits. This unfavorable social condition
has constrained many children their access to education despite its being free for all the residents.
Number of Schools
About 41 educational institutions, as shown in Figure 7 are presently established in

Capas. (These exclude the day care centers strategically located in different barangays). Of these
total, 36 are public schools while the five are private schools which are respectively under the
supervision of Department of Education. Except for doctoral degree, the level of education being
offered in the town is almost complete, from preparatory to tertiary. Between the school years
2001 - 2002 and 2006 – 2007, Capas achieved a yearly average enrollment of 31,035 indicating
annual increase of 2.81% as presented in the succeeding table.
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Annual Enrollment in Capas: 2005 -2010
School Preparatory Elementary Secondary Tertiary Total Percent
Year School school School School Change
2005-2006 2,045 16,024 10,389 648 29,106 -
2006-2007 1,527 16,282 10,674 795 29,278 .59
2007-2008 1,577 16,222 11,158 1,000 29,957 2.31
2008-2009 1,586 16,917 11,334 996 39,833 2.92
2009-2010 1,598 18,234 11,535 1,330 32,697 6.04
2010-2011 2,272 18,678 11,858 1,534 34,342 5.03
Average 1,767 17,959 11,158 1,050 31,035 2.81
Sources : Based on the data provided by Deped Divisions Office, Tarlac.
Being the third in Tarlac with biggest population, it also follows that Capas is also an
area with big number of students. With its land density remain sparsely populated, the town is
also an ideal site for Metro Manila-based schools who want to expand their operation.
At present, the schools in Capas are built to one-storey structures which are made of
concrete, or a combination of wood and concrete with galvanized iron in its roof. Spacewise, all
the schools in the municipality occupy a combined area of 274,962 square meters or 27.5
hectares sharing about 0.082% of the town‘s total area. This physical perspective made Capas
schools to still have adequate space for expansion as its vertical spaces are not yet utilized.
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Public Elementary Schools
Capas has a total of 32 public elementary schools. Except Brgy. Sto. Rosario which is
served by private schools, each 20 barangays have elementary schools which offer a complete
course in elementary education. The presence of these schools has practically achieved the
national government mission to have a school in every barangay nationwide.
Divided into two districts, the public elementary schools are evenly distributed in Capas.
The Capas East District is composed of 13 elementary schools, namely; Benigno S. Aquino
Elem. School, Calangitan Elem. School, Capas East Central School, Capas Gabaldon Elem.
School, Cutcut Elem. School, Dolores Elem. School, Kawili-wili Elem. School, Manga Elem.
School, Sta. Rita Elem. School, AD Jimenez Elem. School, Susuba Elem. School (Main), Susuba
Elem. School (Annex), Talaga Elem. School, which cater to the barangays of Cutcut I, Cutcut II,
Cubcub, Sto. Rosario, Dolores, Estrada, Manga, Sta. Rita, Sto. Domingo I, Sto. Domingo II and
Talaga.The Capas West District on the other hand, is composed of 17 elementary schools,
namely; Aquino Elem. School, Alunan Elem. School, Aranguren Elem. School, Binyayan
Primary School, Bueno Elem. School, Capas West Central School, Lawy Elem. School,
Manibukyot Primary School, Manlapig Elem. School, Maruglo Elem. School, Cristo Rey Central
School, Sta. Juliana Elem. School, Sta. Lucia Elem. School, Cristo Rey West, Pilien Primary
School, Tarucan Elem. School, Cristo Rey East. These schools serve the barangays of
Aranguren, Bueno, Cristo Rey, Lawy, Manlapig, Maruglo, O‘Donnell, Sta. Juliana and Sta.
Lucia. The elementary schools in Sta. Juliana and in Sto. Domingo I are the biggest as they
occupy the area of 38,863 square meters and 23,800 square meters respectively. The smallest are
established in Sta. Rita and Cutcut II with area of 3,355 sq.m. and 3,000 sq.m., respectively.
For the last six years, enrollment in the public elementary schools is consistently
increasing. There still remains, however, a significant number of the school-age population who
were not enrolled in the school. The problem is seen on two perspectives. One is based on the
inadequacy of classroom facility while the other is traced to attitudinal problem. Although most
of the public elementary schools in Capas have bigger space for expansion, school rooms are still
inadequate as manifested by the bigger classroom to student ratio of 1:46 which is 15% higher
than the required ratio of 1:40.
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Enrollment in Public Elementary Schools in Capas
School Year Enrollment Population % Growth Rate
2005 – 2006 14,561 -
2006 – 2007 15,274 4.9
2007 – 2008 15,857 3.8
2008 – 2009 15,917 0.37
2009 – 2010 17,086 7.3
2010 – 2011 17,596 3.0
Average 16,048 3.22

Source: Consolidated from the data provided by Deped Division Office, Tarlac.
On the attitudinal perspective, it was learned that students were dropping out in the
middle of the school-year due to financial incapability and inferiority complex caused by poor
comprehensions of the lessons. In some cases, the cause is due to family problems. Distance of
the students‘ residence has also something to do with their negative attitude in going to school.
Many students have to walk several kilometers before reaching the nearest school and do the
same when going back home. The experience was severe during rainy season as they were
exposed to rain and risked their lives in floods, as in the case of students in far flung sitios.
Public High School
Public high school institutions are fewer than the public elementary schools. As of 2010,
Capas had only a total of eight (8) public high schools, namely; Capas High School located in
Brgy. Dolores, O‘Donnell Resettlement High School in Brgy. Cristo Rey, Kalangitan High
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School in Cutcut II, Sta. Lucia High School in Brgy. Sta. Lucia, O‘Donnell High School in Brgy.
O‘Donnell, Sta. Juliana High School in Brgy. Sta. Juliana, Lawy High School in Brgy. Lawy and
Aranguren Integrated High School in Brgy. Aranguren.
On the average, student population in public secondary institutions is 59% less than their
counterparts in public elementary schools. Analysis of the same period reviewed has indicated
that the enrollment ratio pupils to that of the high school students was 2:1. Both levels of
enrollment for the last six years were increasing. The latter‘s enrollment, instead, had managed
to grow at an annual rate of 2.6%. Table shows the public secondary school enrollment in Capas.
Enrollment in Public High Schools in Capas
School Year Enrollment Population % Growth Rate
2005 – 2006 8,645 -
2006 – 2007 9,090 5.1
2007 – 2008 9,547 5.02
2008 – 2009 9,669 1.27
2009 – 2010 9,803 1.38
2010 – 2011 10,097 2.99
Average 9,475 2.62
Meanwhile, as elementary students find it difficult to go to school, the sacrifice is

doubled when they enter the secondary level. Although public high school education is
inarguably free, the majority of parents, however, find the shoes, uniforms and clothing as
expensive items for their children. Moreover, many have to take long distance yet costly travels
discouraging the families of elementary graduates to continue their studies especially when
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uncertain future comes afterwards. Such is compounded by the pressure of scrimping for daily
allowance which eats up the income of a daily wage earner with a family of six dependents. This
explains why there was relatively small enrollment population at the secondary level in Capas.
Private Institutions
Four private institutions are engaged in providing education in Capas, namely, the
Montessori School of Saint Nicholas (MSSN), and the Dominican College of Tarlac (DCT)
which are both based in Brgy. Sto. Rosario. The MSSN offers preparatory and elementary
education, DCT offers preparatory, elementary, secondary and tertiary education. The Asia
Pacific Christian School, which is located in Cristo Rey offers preparatory, elementary and
secondary education. The fourth is the Wellspring High School which is located in Cutcut I
offers secondary education. Others cater only to pre-school which are not accredited by Deped.
The private schools share an average of 14.42% of the total enrollment in Capas.
However, like the trend observed in public schools, its annual enrollment does not show
significant increases. The past six school-year periods have only indicated a modest annual
growth of 2.3% as shown in table.
Annual Enrollment in Private Schools
School Pre Elementary Secondary Tertiary Total Percent
Year School School School School Enrollment Change
2005-
534 1,463 1,744 648 4,389 -
2006
2006-
581 1,008 1,584 795 3,968 9.5
2007
2007- 663 1,189 1,611 1,000 4,463 12.47
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2008
2008-
694 1,000 1,665 996 4,355 2.4
2009
2009-
517 1,148 1,732 1,330 4,727 8.5
2010
2010-
581 1,082 1,761 1,534 4,958 4.8
2011
Average 595 1,148 1,682 1,050 4,476 2.3
Enrollment for all levels varies for the last six years that we cannot establish a trend. The
rise in tuition fees and the cost of living have either forced many students to transfer to public
high schools or have temporarily deferred their residents still consider Manila-based colleges
and universities as the most attractive institutions of learning. Families who can afford to send
their children still prefer the goodwill of metropolitan schools as the prime consideration
specifically if the target place of employment is also in Manila.
Teacher to Student Ratio
The Deped has a prescribed standard of teacher to student ratio at 1:35. However, with
the national government‘s skepticism on budget allocation for education to hire more teachers
compounded with their inadequate number, the guideline was not followed. As well, what may
also cause the lack of teachers in Capas is the general preferences of qualified ones who rather
chose to work in corporate offices than practice their profession.
As of 2010, only eleven (11) schools in Capas were found to be sufficient in teaching
personnel, the rest are found to be in excess of the standard teacher to student ratio requirement.
Of these, seven (7) schools are public and four (4) are private. These were as follows:
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Name of School Teacher-Student Ratio
Capas East District:
Montessori School of St.Nicholas 1:33
Wellspring High School 1:24
Kalangitan High School 1:32
Kawiliwili Elem. School 1:29
Susuba Elem. School (Annex) 1:34
Capas West District:
Asia-Pacific Christian School 1:27
Good Shepherd Capas Christian School 1:10
Aranguren Elem. School 1:34
Tarucan Elem. School 1:22
San Agustin Primary School 1:34
Manlapig Elem. School 1:30
Quality of Educational Facilities
Public schools are the most convenient type of educational institutions that many families
in Capas could afford. Since the government‘s mission is to improve the country‘s quality of
education, the noble purposes, ideally, must be reciprocated by the target beneficiaries. However,
not all the beneficiaries do not realize the importance of education because many students still
have the mediocre attitude that after learning the basics of reading and writing, they dropped out
in middle of the elementary or secondary courses then contented to earn their living from odd
jobs.
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On the other hand, the quality of school facilities also affects the motivation of students.
In Capas, the library, playground, clinic, stage, home economics room and canteen as well as
comfort rooms and guidance room are of limited availability. These facilities need upgrading
which has been there for long.
Sports Development
The public school officials in Capas and the Local School Board were able to work
actively in the promotion of the School Sports Competition Development Program, a program
designed for school district to send athletes for the national competition. Although these officials
have exerted their efforts, the school sports programs have not met the DepEd standards. Specific
sports activities that match the students‘ maximum capacity to perform were not initiated.
One shortcoming is the promotion of sports program in Capas is the inavailability of wide
area required for conducting the sports program in each school. The present area that each
activities being undertaken in Capas is the inter-municipal and district schools competition which
is being sponsored by the local government.
Health Services
Provision of health services in Capas was absorbed by the local government since 1992
after the function was devolved following the implementation of the Local Government Code of
1991. The rural health office is now under the administrative supervision of the Mayor‘s office
but is functionally organic to the provincial health office. The Local Health Board also exists in
Capas.
Health Facilities
At present, the town has 19 rural health centers. For practical reason, Barangay Sto.
Domingo I have not been provided with its own health center as their residents can be
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accommodated to the neighboring barangays. The provision for health services are
complemented with one ambulance each barangay which is being utilized during emergency
cases. Most of these health centers are in good quality since the present administration has given
priority to the health sector.
The Ospital Ning Capas, a 20-bed capacity, primary hospital is an LGU operated
hospital, located at the Municipal grounds. The first LGU operated hospital in the province
which caters to the health services of our constituents and nearby municipality of Bamban. For
more complicated cases, our constituents go to the Tarlac Provincial Hospital for their health
needs, which is 18 kilometers away.
Health Personnel
Except for a utility worker and an ambulance driver, Capas has a total of 20 rural health
personnel who are directly involved in providing rural health services to the residents. They are
composed of two alternate rural health physicians, a medical technologist, three nurses and 13
midwives.
Inventory of Rural Health Personnel: 2011
Designation of Rural Health Personnel Number
Municipal Health Officer 1
Rural Health Physician 1
Public Health Dentist 1
Medical Technologist 1
Nurses 4
Midwives 17
Sanitation Inspector 2
Utility Worker 3
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Driver 4
Total 34
Source : Plantilla of Personnel, 2011-Capas
As indicated in the above table, there seems to be inadequate manpower for rural health
services to the town‘s present population. The table also suggests an imbalance of the
distribution of personnel as there were more midwives than nurses and medical technologist.
Such imbalance is glaring if the present manpower is matched against the combined number of
31,951 morbidity and mortality cases in Capas in 2010 as midwives has significant role in
mitigating the 20,992 cases of acute respiratory infections, 941 cases of gastroenteritis, 1,124
cases of skin problems, etc.
Capas has recorded a daily average of 35:1 patient to doctor ratio for all cases recorded in
2010.
Nutrition
Capas has an impressive record in arresting malnutrition among its young population. Its
2010 performance showed that out of 15,591 children with ages of 0 to 5 years old, only 249
children or 1.6% were classified to third degree malnutrition. Most of the victims came from far
flung barangays; Bueno, Sta. Lucia, Sto. Rosario, Aranguren and Sta. Juliana.
Health Indices
As of 2010, Capas achieved record of having a crude birth of 20.0/1,000 population while
its infant mortality rate was recorded at 3.0/1,000 live births. Meanwhile, the crude death rate
was recorded at the low of 2.0/1,000 population. These health indices data show contrasting
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views in terms of benefits and costs to Capas. On the first hand, the low crude death rate and
infant mortality rate manifest that health condition in Capas was improving. The data suggest
that even the crude death rate and infant mortality rate per 1,000 are combined, there would still
a net crude birth rate of 5.0/1,000 population.
On the other hand, the high crude birth rate imposes pressure to Capas as there are
additional people to be nourished, fed and educated as well as protected.
Social Welfare Services
The provision of social welfare services is one of the national government functions
devolved to local government units (LGUs) through the 1991 Local Government Code. Although
this is an optional office under the Code, the local government has deemed it necessary as Capas
has become a hospitable host to two resettlement areas as a result of the displacement of families
from neighboring towns with the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.
(a) Local Social Welfare Service Personnel
Capas has nine (9) personnel appointed to implement the social services within its
jurisdiction. The office is headed by a Social Welfare Officer who is assisted by a Youth
Development Officer, Social Welfare and Development Assistants, a Community Development
Assistant I and II, a Social Worker Aide and a utility worker. This office coordinates with the
operation and maintenance of 38 day care centers in the municipality.
(b) Day Care Centers
By modest standard, the 38 day care centers in Capas are not adequate to serve its young
population because although almost all of the barangays have their own day care centers, the
availability of qualified teachers seems to be a problem because of their low honorariums.
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Understandably, Capas local administration could not simultaneously provide the demand
for such services as the town still has to adjust with the requirements of the 1991 Local
Government Code over the generation of revenues from local sources
However, in equating its total young population with the available day care centers in
2010, a high population to a day care center ratio of 320:1 would be reflected. This only
validates the observation that the existing day care centers are not really enough in Capas. As of
2010, the town‘s young population, with age range of 1-4 years old, was recorded at 12,402
sharing 10.16% of the town‘s total population for the same period.
(c) Peace and Order
For a town with relatively big population, incidence of crime is inevitable. However, the
peace and order situation in Capas has remarkably improved from the number of crimes blottered
in 2010. The local police force have noted eight (8) classes of crimes committed in the
municipality, such as murder, homicide, physical injury, rape, theft, traffic accident and special
laws.
Crime Distribution by Type of Crime:
For the review period, a total of seventy-nine (79) crimes were reported/investigated by
Capas PNP. It translates into an average monthly crime rate of 5.9 crimes per hundred thousand
population per month.
Index crimes account for 37% (with 29 crimes) of all crimes reported for an index crime
rate of 2.2 crimes per hundred thousand populations per month.
Among the index crimes, theft is the most prevalent which account for 15% (12 cases) of
the total number, followed by robbery with 9% (7 cases) and murder with 5% (6 cases). Physical
injury shared 4% (3 cases) while rape shared the least with 3% (2 cases) of the total crimes.
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Non-index crimes account for 63% (50 cases) for a non-index crime rate of 3.7 crimes
per hundred thousand populations per month.
Of the total non-index crimes recorded, special laws and other non-index crimes accounts
for 51% (40 cases) while cases related to traffic accident shared a total of 13 cases or 13% of the
total crimes. In 2010, there was a decreased of 27.5% for index crimes while for non-index crime
it increased to 10% from the previous year 2009.
PHYSYCAL DATA
 MACRO-SITE DATA
The site for the proposed project――THE NEW FOLD‖ was located in Dolores, Capas
Tarlac. Capas occupies a total area of 43,148.55 hectares (LMS, DENR). The town is located in
the southwestern part of Tarlac province. A landlocked area, it is bounded by the towns of San
Jose on the north, Tarlac on the northeast, Concepcion on the east, Bamban on the south and the
TOURISM
A major tourism product of Tarlac not found in any of the tourism destinations in Region
III and the rest of the country is the Servants of the Risen Christ Monastery in San Jose
Municipality where a piece of the cross where Jesus Christ was allegedly crucified is being kept.
The area can definitely be transformed into a pilgrimage cum meditation destination where
religious conventions may be held. Presently, thousands of devotees visit the area on a regular
basis. Accessible from San Jose is another major tourism destination, the Mt. Pinatubo Crater,
where adventure tourism and upland sports and recreation activities may be promoted. The
Capas National Shrine, a historical landmark, is also a major tourist destination unique to Tarlac.
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SITE
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POLITICAL BOUNDARIES
The country is situated between South China Sea and the Philippines Sea in Southeast
Asia. Philippines is situated in the north-eastern side of Malaysia. The geographical coordinates
of the country are 13° North latitude and 122° East longitude. Mount Apo, located at an
elevation of 2,954 meters above sea level, is the highest point of Philippines. The country covers
an area of 300,000 sq. km. Philippines Political Map locates the important places and provinces
of Philippines along with the bordering countries and water bodies.
be the third most populated town in the province. The town is composed of 20 barangays,
Aranguren, Bueno, Cubcub, Cristo Rey, Cutcut I, Cutcut II, Dolores, Estrada, Lawy, Manga,
Manlapig, Maruglo, O‘Donnell, Sta. Juliana, Sta. Lucia, Sta. Rita, Sto. Domingo I, Sto. Domingo
II, Sto. Rosario, Talaga.
CAPAS TARLAC LAND USES
2008 General Land Use 2011 General Land Use

Area Area
Land Use Land Use
Hectares % Hectares %
1,977.75 5.25
Residential 788.72 2.35 Residential
BUILT-UP
BUILT-UP
Commercial 27.61 0.08 Commercial 77.85 0.21

Institutional 39.00 0.12 Institutional 165.10 0.44
6,051.33 16.08
Agricultural 9,308.59 27.68 Agricultural
162.53 0.43
Industrial 88.66 0.26 Agro-Industrial
5,767.43 15.32
Forest 2,619.31 7.79 Forest
O'Donnell Transmitter Station 370.0 O'Donnell Transmitter Station 370.0

RESERVATION
RESERVATION
MILITARY
MILITARY
59.38 53.06
O'Donnell Excepted Area 1,755.00 O'Donnell Excepted Area 1,755.00
Crow Valley Watershed 17,847.00 Crow Valley Watershed 17,847.00
Open Space/Parks/Roads 192.61 0.57 Open Space/Parks/Roads 2,867.11 7.62
Lahar areas/Rivers & Creeks 594.00 1.77 Lahar areas/Rivers & Creeks 597.91 1.59
TOTAL 33,630.50 100% TOTAL 37,639.00 100%
Source: MPDC, Municipal Assessor’s Office
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CLIMATE

Philippines
The Philippines has a tropical maritime climate and is usually hot and humid. There are
three seasons: tag-init or tag-araw, the hot dry season or summer from March to May; tag-ulan,
the rainy season from June to November; and tag-lamig, the cool dry season from December to
February. The southwest monsoon (from May to October) is known as the Habagat, and the dry
winds of the northeast monsoon (from November to April), the Amihan. Temperatures usually
range from 21 °C (70 °F) to 32 °C (90 °F) although it can get cooler or hotter depending on the
season. The coolest month is January; the warmest is May. The average yearly temperature is
around 26.6 °C (79.9 °F).In considering temperature, location in terms of latitude and longitude
is not a significant factor. Whether in the extreme north, south, east, or west of the country,
temperatures at sea level tend to be in the same range. Altitude usually has more of an impact.
The average annual temperature of Baguio at an elevation of 1,500 meters (4,900 ft)
above sea level is 18.3 °C (64.9 °F), making it a popular destination during hot summers. Sitting
astride the typhoon belt, most of the islands experience annual torrential rains and thunderstorms
from July to October, with around nineteen typhoons entering the Philippine area of
responsibility in a typical year and eight or nine making landfall. Annual rainfall measures as
much as 5,000 millimeters (200 in) in the mountainous east coast section but less than 1,000
millimeters (39 in) in some of the sheltered valleys. The wettest known tropical cyclone to
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impact the archipelago was the July 1911 cyclone, which dropped over 1,168 millimeters (46.0
in) of rainfall within a 24-hour period in Baguio.
TOPOGRAPHY
Capas approximately has 46.24% rolling to hilly lands while the rest is plains to
mountains. Its northern and eastern parts form the extensive level plain with considerable
deposits of sand, loam and clay while its western portion consist of hills and mountains.
NAMRIA Topographic Map of Tarlac, 2007
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Slope Classification of Capas
Slope Range DescrIptIon Area in Percentage
(%) Hectares (%)
0–3 Level to very 6,875 20.67
gently sloping
3–8 Gently sloping 3,502 10.52
to undulating
8 – 18 Undulating to rolling 4,752 14.28
18 – 30 Rolling to hilly 15,375 46.24
30 – 45 Steep hills and 2,503 7.54

mountains
 45 Very steep hills 250 0.75
and mountains
Total 66.257 100.00
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MICRO-SITE DATA
 BOUNDARIES AND AREA
Capas is one of the oldest towns in Tarlac. It occupies a larger land area and is known to be
the third most populated town in the province.
Settlement areas constitute locations in the Municipality where the population is concentrated
such as the Poblacion, urban barangays, rural settlements, or as the case may be, settlements of
IPs.In its literal sense, these are the spaces for living and where the population resides.
The Municipality‘s residential area is approximately 1,977.75 hectares or about 5.25% of the
total land area.Settlement areas follow a strip or linear pattern along major thoroughfares and are
concentrated in the Poblacion area and barangay centers.Residential subdivisions, socialized
housing projects, and resettlement areas such as the Navy Resettlement Area in Barangay Cristo
Rey, are also included in this land use.The average lot area per household is 714.28 square
meters, while the average municipal residential density is 71 persons per hectare.
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
LOT DESCRIPTION
POINTS BEARINGS DISTANCE (meter)
1-2 N 13 deg. 19’ W 2396.74
2-3 S 68 deg. 40’ W 339.48
3-4 N 8 deg. 12’ W 207.57
4-5 N 73 deg. 12’ E 142.62
5-6 N 73 deg. 13’ E 142.70
6-7 S 24 deg. 53’ E 69.78
7-1 S 23 deg. 12’ E 110
Total Lot Area: 59, 877 sq. meter
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 LAND USE
Capas is a first class Municipality located in the Province of Tarlac.It is politically

subdivided into 20 barangays, with Barangay Cristo Rey (derived from Barangay Aranguren in
2007) as the newest barangay.The Poblacion area, composed of Barangays Cubcub, Cut-cut I,
Cut-cut II, Sto. Domingo I, Sto. Domingo II and Sto. Rosario is considered as the urban center of
the Municipality.
For basis of comparison, the general land use distribution as contained in the 2003-2008
CLUP of Capas, as well as the existing land uses of the Municipality as provided by the
Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO) and Municipal Assessor‘s Office, and
verified through Google Earth Imagery and GIS Analyses, is summarized in Table.
2008 & 2011 General Land Use Distribution of Capas, Tarlac
2008 General Land Use 2011 General Land Use

Area Area
Land Use Land Use
Hectares % Hectares %
Residential 788.72 2.35 Residential 1,977.75 5.25

BUILT-UP
BUILT-UP
Commercial 27.61 0.08 Commercial 77.85 0.21

Institutional 39.00 0.12 Institutional 165.10 0.44
Agricultural 9,308.59 27.68 Agricultural 6,051.33 16.08
Industrial 88.66 0.26 Agro-Industrial 162.53 0.43
Forest 2,619.31 7.79 Forest 5,767.43 15.32
O'Donnell Transmitter Station 370.0 O'Donnell Transmitter Station 370.0

RESERVATION
RESERVATION
MILITARY
MILITARY
O'Donnell Excepted Area 1,755.00 59.38 O'Donnell Excepted Area 1,755.00 53.06
Crow Valley Watershed 17,847.00 Crow Valley Watershed 17,847.00

Open Space/Parks/Roads 192.61 0.57 Open Space/Parks/Roads 2,867.11 7.62
597.91 1.59
Lahar areas/Rivers & Creeks 594.00 1.77 Lahar areas/Rivers & Creeks
TOTAL 33,630.50 100% TOTAL 37,639.00 100%
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Based on the comparative figures, the following land use shifts can be deduced:
a. The total land area increased from 33,603.50 hectares to 37,639 hectares.This was
based on the approved cadastral survey of the Municipality, as verified from the Land
Management Bureau (LMB).The bigger land area is also the basis of the Department
of Budget and Management (DBM) for the IRA of the Municipality;
b. The Military Reservation Area, comprising of the O‘Donnell Transmitter Station,

O‘Donnell Excepted Area, and the Crow Valley Watershed remains the biggest land
use classification in the Municipality, accounting to 53.06% of the total land area;
c. As verified from Google Earth Imagery and GIS Analysis, residential areas occupy
1,977.75 hectares or 5.25% of the total land area.This is more than twice larger as
compared to the Municipality‘s residential areas indicated in the 2003-2008 CLUP;
d. Identified forestlands in the Municipality, as verified from the 2007 National

Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) Topographic Map, more
than doubled its size, accounting to 5,767.43 or 15.32% of the total land area;
e. From 27.68% of the total land area in 2008, agricultural lands in the Municipality
currently accounts for 6,051.33 or 16.08% of the total land area.However, the figure
does not include agricultural lands within the Military Reservation; and
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f. Commercial areas in the Municipality increased from 27.61 hectares (based on 2003-
2008 CLUP) to 77.85 hectares.A factor for this is the conversion of agricultural lands
50 meters on each side of the Manila North Road, traversing barangays Cut-cut I,
Cut-cut II, Cubcub, Sto. Domingo I, Sto. Domingo II, Dolores, Talaga, and Estrada,
to commercial uses.
Furthermore, the increase in the Municipality‘s total land area brought about considerable
adjustments in the land use distribution within the Municipality (refer toError! Reference source
not found.).The above-mentioned methodology also afforded a more thorough identification of
the Municipality‘s land uses.
As such, the four (4) generalized land use policy areas in the Municipality --- settlement
areas, production areas, infrastructure areas, and protected areas --- were identified in Error!
Reference source not found. and are subsequently discussed.It is important to note that areas
within the Military Reservation, regardless of its actual and/or existing use, are classified as a
reservation area in order to avoid double-counting of land areas in the Municipality.
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Existing General Land Use Map of Capas
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 CLIMATE
Capas, Tarlac
Capas climate is classified as tropical. In winter, there is much less rainfall than in
summer. This climate is considered to be Aw according to the Köppen-Geiger climate
classification. The average annual temperature is 27.2 °C in Dolores. Precipitation here averages
1984 mm.
Rainfall
This is the mean monthly precipitation, including rain, etc.
Monthly Rainfall of Capas Tarlac

Source: Weather and Climate
This is the number of days each month with rain, etc.
Daily Rainfall of Capas Tarlac

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Temperature graph: Capas Tarlac
At an average temperature of 29.0 °C, May is the hottest month of the year. In January, the
average temperature is 25.5 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year.
Climate table // historical Weather data: Capas Tarlac
Between the driest and wettest months, the difference in precipitation is 420 mm. The
average temperatures vary during the year by 3.5 °C. Useful hints about reading the climate
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table: For every month, you will find data about precipitation (mm), average, maximum and
minimum temperature (degrees Celcius and Fahrenheit). Meaning of the first line: (1) January,
(2) February, (3) March, (4) April, (5) May, (6) June, (7) July, (8) August, (9) September, (10)
October, (11) November, (12) December.
Relative Humidity
This is the mean monthly relative humidity.
Monthly Relative Humidity of Capas Tarlac

Wind and Speed Direction

This is the mean monthly wind speed (meters per second).
Monthly Wind and Speed Direction of Capas Tarlac

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 BIOPHYSICAL FEATURE
Size and Geographic Location
Capas occupies a total area of 43,148.55 hectares (LMS, DENR). The town is located in
Topography
mountains. Its northern and eastern parts form the extensive level plain with considerable
deposits of sand, loam and clay while its western portion consist of hills and mountains.
The town‘s southwestern part is bounded by ridges predominantly of pyroclastic

materials that drain from Mount Pinatubo in the Zambales border.
Soil Characteristics
Soil Types
The southern and eastern areas of the town are characteristics by Tarlac Clay Loam, La
Paz Fine Sand and Luisita Sandy Sand. From its central portion going to Bamban in the south
and towards north to the portions of San Clemente, the area is dominated by Tarlac Clay Loam.
The western boundary side, forming the eastern side of Zambales forest areas and mountain
ranges, is dominated by volcanic rocks of the basalt and andesite types covered by
undifferentiated Tarlac Soils. The characteristics of these types of soils are as follows:
 Tarlac Soils (undifferentiated) – are soils found in the mountains and forest areas
in the boundary with Zambales. It constitutes 31.95% of the area of Capas.
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 La Paz Fine Sand – the surface relief is nearly level to slightly undulating and is
well drained both internally and externally. However, because of the texture of
the soil, crops suffer from the lack of moisture during periods of drought. This
soil, estimated at 4.54% of the town‘s area, is planted to sugarcane and rice. It is
practically suited to all locally grown crops.
 Luisita Fine Sandy Loam – the surface soil has depth that ranges at 35 -50 cm., its
color is gray to whitish gray fine sandy loam. There is a small amount of silt and
clay that makes the soil compact, hard and cracks when dry. Fruit trees are grown
in this type of soil. This type of soil constitutes 6.76% of Capas total area.
 Tarlac Clay Loam – the surface of this type is dark gray to nearly black, fine
granules, sticky and gritty clay loam. Its depth range at 35 – 50 cm. and covers
some 55.75% of the total town‘s area. When hard, it becomes compact and cracks
into big clods. Rice and fruit trees are also grown in this type of soil.
Soil Texture and Permeability
Capas has coarse to medium textures soil that is prone to seasonal flooding. Its
permeability, however, varies from slow to moderately slow due to the wetness of the area. Some
of its portions have rapid to very rapid permeability, the others have high class of permeability.
Permeability is affected by soil texture and crop management practices by the farmers when they
plant sugarcane and other annual crops. The town‘s hilly and mountainous portion manifests
moderate to very rapid permeability due to soil compactness.
Soil Erosion and Conservation
Effects of soil erosion caused by flowing water is notable on-site and off-site of Capas.
Soil productivity is reduced on-site while river pollution and sedimentation of water channel,
dams and agricultural are among the detrimental consequences from off-site. Another erosion
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feature is the riverwash or stream bank erosion primarily caused by water scouring and water
overflow as depicted in O‘Donnell River. This type of erosion destroys different infrastructures
and washes out soil profile which is not replaceable. Preventive measures have not yet been
established in Capas. However, this could be remedied by building riprap stone and boulders,
filling sack of sands, along the banks and or the drastic prohibition of heavy cultivation on or
near the river banks.
Geology
The broad alluvial plain of Capas was believed to have come from the surrounding parent
materials of igneous rocks and sedimentary areas. The different rock types underlying the area
were influenced by climatic changes, resulting to the breaking down and weathering. In areas
where erosion is severe, the weathered part of rock outcrops was fragmented by accumulates in
low-lying areas of Capas forming the extensive alluvial plain. In undulating weathered remains
stayed in place and were seen mostly in sedimentary areas. Some parts were terraced by farmers
mainly for agricultural use. Other residual soils were observed in volcanic hills and mountains.
Sand deposits containing predominantly of quartz and magnetite minerals were observed
in O‘Donnell River. It is believed to have come from the pyroclastic hills and mountains in the
southern part of the municipality. Sand and gravel found in the area are good for construction
materials and aggregates. Non-active cones were also identified and mapped in Barangay Sta.
Juliana near the Crow Valley area.
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Mineral Resources
There was confirmation that Capas has positive deposits of metallic and non-metallic
minerals. The metallic deposits of manganese ore, already explored by two mining companies,
have combined reserve of 190,000 metric tons where parts of the areas are within the former US
Military Reservation in Camp O‘Donnell. The deposits are normally associated with chart and
serves as lenses in the basalt.
Placer gold deposits, on the other hand, have been reported to exist at Cabatuan Creek in
Brgy. Bueno. However, there are no mining permit yet issued for mining claim in spite of the
gold panning and sluicing activities in the area. Pumice is also found in Barangay Bueno.
Sedimentary deposits of shale/sandstone sequence are positive in the low relief hills of
Brgy. Cutcut II. The sandstones have very fine quartz and powdery rock chip. Sand and gravel
are also abundant.
Water Resources
Capas is traversed by various water systems, such as rivers, creeks and tributaries. The
O‘Donnell River forms as the principal river. The Bulsa-Moriones River flows into confluence
with O‘Donnell River with Bangut River serving as tributary. Both rivers are prone to
flashfloods. Cutcut River is a minor river system which flows into Rio Chico River at the Tarlac
– Nueva Ecija boundary. A hot spring is located in Brgys. Bueno and Sta. Juliana.
During rainy season, excessive amount of precipitation causes the large volume of water
run-off, flooding the nearby areas since the rivers and the major tributaries could not absorb the
stream recharge. High tide surges and impedes discharge during high precipitation causing the
river banks to overflow.
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Air Quality
There are no available data on air pollution levels in the different urban areas of the
province. The EMB, which is responsible for air quality monitoring, has not installed (as of May
2008) any monitoring station in the province to gauge the level of air pollutants in the area.
Qualitative accounts of air pollution based on visual observation declare that the level is
worsening in urban centers particular in traffic congested areas. Air pollutants are mostly emitted
by the hordes of tricycles and poorly maintained vehicles plying the streets of municipal town
centers and the City of Tarlac.
Water Quality
There are no available secondary data on water quality measurements of major rivers in
the province. According to the head of the EMB office in the region, they have not yet
established any water quality monitoring for the province as of May 2008.
Qualitative accounts based on visual observation declare that many river segments adjacent to
settlements, poultry and piggery farms, and industries are polluted to varying degrees limiting
their use for fish production and as source of water supply.
During the rainy season and typhoon months, the Bulsa/Moriones River and parts of the
O‘Donnell River overflow and cause flooding in the river banks and low-lying neighboring
areas. These rivers are silted with eroded soils cutting down their capacity to convey large
volume of runoff. O‘Donnell and Tarlac rivers are also silted with lahar deposits aside from
eroded soils.
Severely-flooded areas in the province are found in the municipalities of La Paz,
Victoria, Concepcion, Tarlac, Gerona, Paniqui, Camiling and San Clemente. Flooding occurs in
areas when natural drainage ways are silted and become shallow and artificial drainage structures
such as canals, culverts and dikes are inadequate or clogged with debris and solid wastes.
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Vegetation of Tarlac City

Source: Wikipedia
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Existing Structures of Tarlac City

Source: Wikipedia
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2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA

The proponents conducted some interviews to support the data of the proposed ―An
Adaptive Prototype Settlement for Green Development‖ the following are the key informants in
the interview.

Interviews (Key Informants)
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Municipality of Capas Tarlac
o Engr. Babylyn C. Robles, Engineer 1
o Ar. Lerma F. Tanhueco, Architect 1
o Engr. Gener S. Tanhueco, Zoning Administrator
Proponents during research in Municipality of Capas Tarlac
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 Registry of Deeds Department of Tarlac, Tarlac City

o Engr. Nor Pineda, OIC, Registry of Deeds
Proponents during research in Registry of Deeds
 National Economic and Development Authority, NEDA

o Fernando T. Cabalza, OIC, Division Chief
(SPUNG. EDS)
o Mar M. Franco, Division Chief
Project Development, Investment Programmer &
Budget Division
Proponents during research in NEDA
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 National Housing Authority, NHA

o Ines c. Gonzales, OIC
Region 3B, NCL-AMO
o Engr. Rogie Pineda, Sr. Engineer A
o Ar. Arphee Panganiban, Sr. Architect A
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 Organization and Group Partners
Ayala Corporation
-is the publicly listed holding company for the diversified interests of the Ayala Group.
Founded in the Philippines by the Spanish Ayala and Roxas families during the Spanish colonial
rule, it is the country's oldest and largest conglomerate. The company has a portfolio of diverse
business interests, including investments in retail, education, real estate, banking,
telecommunications, water infrastructure, renewable energy, electronics, information technology,
automotive, healthcare, and management and business process outsourcing.
Philippine Green Building Initiative (PGBI)

-is a collective group of professional associations involved with the built-environment
who share a common concern on the impacts of global warming and climate change. It is a non-
profit, voluntary organization of professional associations, concerned with the built-environment
and its impact on the natural environment.
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2.1.3 TABLES AND GRAPHS
1. Where do you prefer to live A. Urban or B. Rural?
Sales
6% 4%
38%
URBAN
RURAL
52% I DON’T KNOW

MAYBE
Table 2.1.3 a. Tabulation of Surveys (Question 1)
2. In living between Urban and Rural area, do you feel the in temperature between
the two?
100
85%
80
60
40
20
7% 3% 5%
0
YES NO MAYBE I DON'T KNOW
A. B C D
Table 2.1.3 b. Tabulation of Surveys (Question 2)
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3. Do you know the meaning of sustainable building or green building?
D.I DON'T KNOW 26%
C.MAYBE 4%
B.NO 22%
A.YES
48%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
A B C D
Table 2.1.3 c. Tabulation of Surveys (Question 3)
4. If 2 bedroom cost 250, 000, 3 bedroom cost 360, 000 and 1 bedroom cost 150,
000 pesos would you buy any unit?
Sales
4%2%
5%
A.YES
B.NO
C.MAYBE
D.I DON'T KNOW
89%
Table 2.1.3 d. Tabulation of Surveys (Question 4)
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5. If low cost housing, cost 240,000 and mid income housing, cost 850,000 pesos.
Would you buy any unit?
A.YES B.NO C.MAYBE D.I DON'T KNOW
7%
40% 22%
31%
Table 2.1.3 e. Tabulation of Surveys (Question 5)
6. If modular housing provides good comport and sustainable energy. Would you
buy any unit of this?
Chart Title
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Series 4
78
8 10 4
A.YES B.NO C.MAYBE D.I DON'T KNOW
Table 2.1.3 f. Tabulation of Surveys (Question 6)
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2.2 CASE STUDIES
Project: House Prototype The Philippines: Typhoon-resistant Houses
Residential Development The Philippines – design by Picerno Ceraso Lab – Aramplus
September 28, 2011
Rebirth Philippines
Introduction
Human kind has always been searching for solutions that will help them dominate the
natural elements by ensuring the opportunity ‗to live a peaceful and safe life. Time after
time over the centuries has applied its technical knowledge to set free themselves from
the fear and the power that nature opposes. Sometimes the solutions adopted have been
effective but some other times they have created the worst conditions that have negative
and trapping generating systems.
Experience has generated two opposing ways of thinking that always confront the most
varied terrain of science. The first one supports the ability to oppose their own resources
so as to dominate the natural environment, shaping and managing tasks and resources to
complete unconsciousness. This first approach has produced some negative and obvious
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examples with poor results. The second approach believes in an intelligent integration of
man into the environment, considering not only as a ruthless and devastating being, but
rather believes that a force so fierce, through knowledge, logic, and respect can be useful
to their purposes.
Idea
Our idea stems from the emergency created by the phenomena of typhoons in your area
and the experience and knowledge from our study in the rebuilding after a disaster.
According to this, our idea is to create a new type of housing that will be able to respond
to emergencies typhoon. This design system, create less damage in the destructive phase,
has a very high speed reconstruction, low cost, and directed by the owners of the house so
as to be self-built, without any intervention from outside companies, nor material storage.
These benefits can be obtained only through a new type of design ideas that use the
numerical control machines (laser cut, milling machines) and software design that can
directly bring the viewer‘s home, think and construct their own home.
This technology is currently used in the rebuilding of New Orleans, after the damage
caused by Hurricane Katrina. All areas of the world where are under the danger of natural
disasters such as floods, are moving towards this new design ideas that allow specific
solutions.
Philippines Eco Housing Project
Project Objectives:
1. Empower the Filipino people to build self-sustainable housing for and with each other.
2. Assist Filipinos in building housing solutions which:
• Are typhoon resistant
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• Are inexpensive to build
• Use local Filipino materials to stimulate the local economy.
• Complement traditional Filipino building techniques.
• Provide shared off-the-grid water, sewerage, and cooking facilities. (For eco-
villages housing 6 families or more).
• Build a prototype to facilitate local acceptance and understanding of the
technology.
3. Enable such sustainable solutions to be deployed on a larger scale. Solutions built by
the people, for the people.
Project Overview:
The ―Philippines Eco Housing Project‖ strives to empower the Filipino people to build
typhoon resistant housing that is ecologically friendly and culturally sensitive while
complementing traditional Filipino techniques.
Off-Grid Aid believes that self-sustainable housing is the way forward, not just in the
Philippines, but on a global scale. Since the devastation caused by Typhoon Yolanda, it
has become clear that Filipinos are in need of an effective housing solution, a solution
that can withstand up to 26 typhoons per year, is cost-effective to build, and ecologically
friendly to the environment. The ―Philippines Eco Housing Project‖ aims to address all of
these concerns in one holistic approach.
International volunteers experienced in earth-building technologies and permaculture
techniques (sustainable living) will train Filipinos using a collaborative skills-sharing
approach. Our volunteers will run workshops across the Philippines to:
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1. Provide hands-on training for Filipinos in earth-bag building technologies and
sustainable living.
2. Build an initial Proof-Of-Concept which demonstrates the effectiveness of the
technology.
3. Learn from Filipinos to understand how these modern solutions can be synergised with
Hands-on knowledge and experience will enable Filipinos to walk away empowered,
ready and confident to use these new found skills in their local setting. Off-Grid Aid will
continue to develop longer-term strategies to assist Filipinos in taking this technology
back into their respective towns. Our ultimate goal is to enable such sustainable solutions
to be deployed on a mass scale, not by Off-Grid Aid, but by the people, for the people.
Proof-of-Concept Design:
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The Butterfly House: A Housing Solution for Yolanda Victims
At midnight on December 20, 2013, Rogelio Santos Jr. was seized by an idea so
unrelenting that he had to get up and act on it. Rogelio or ―Vonz‖ to his friends is the
CEO and Chairman of a biotechnology company in the US and the Philippines. He had
seen the devastation wrought by typhoon Yolanda to millions of his
countrymen in the Visayas, and he knew he had to do something. He got up, grabbed a
cardboard box and some tape and started working on his idea. He was so into it that he
even ran out of tape, and had to use band-aid. What Santos had in mind was a solution to
the housing crisis that had ensued, which had left 4 million homeless.
This was how the idea for the Butterfly House System was born. Fast forward to two
months later, after collaborating with the brilliant minds of interior designer Budji Layug
and architect Royal Pineda, the prototype of the Butterfly House was unveiled.
But what exactly is the Butterfly House? Well, it is a steel-framed housing structure that
can be folded for compact shipping and storage. The floor area of single unit is 11.5
square meters, while that with a bathroom is 15 square meters. For the full unit with the
bathroom, which they call the ―Monarch,‖ is 26 square meters.
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While the primary component of the current model is a steel frame, the roofing is made
of galvanized steel, marine plywood, and heat insulation foam. The exterior panel on the
other hand, is interchangeable with a number of materials — marine plywood, metal,
plastic, and even bamboo/sawali.
Santos says that the impetus for his creation is the desperate situation he had seen in the
Visayas. ―We have to take action, because a storm happened, and more than a hundred
days later, people are still homeless,‖ he says. ―I‘m not trying to attack the current
administration; I think they need our help.‖
One of the key things that Santos made sure with the development of the Butterfly House
was that it could be deployed very easily. Thus, it was designed to fit multiple housing
units when folded into a single freight container for transfer via ship or truck. And since
the house is basically ―unfolded‖ rather than constructed on site, the speed of deploying
housing to thousands is accelerated while reducing the man-hours required for site
construction.
Besides being sturdy and easy to deploy, the Butterfly House features a sleek design that
is very modern-looking. ―When the people who have just gone through a terrible
experience see this, their spirit will be uplifted right away,‖ says Royal Pineda. ―Because
they will be able to see that they are being given a quality home, not a substandard sort of
housing system.‖
Indeed, the Butterfly House can be used for more than just an immediate, temporary
solution to meet the needs of displaced families. It also has a future as a low-cost
housing solution, since — at 50,000-70,000 pesos, it is priced below the current solutions
and is still comparable in terms of size and durability.
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―Ang proyektong ito ay tutugon sa pangangailangan ‗di lamang ng nasalantang Pilipino,
kundi ng sinumang mangangailangan ng mura at desenteng pabahay saan mang panig ng
mundo (This project will meet the need not only of Filipinos who are victims of
calamities, but also of those who are in need of inexpensive and decent housing in any
part of the world,‖ says Efren Penaflorida, the 2009 CNN Hero of the Year, who is a
social worker, teacher, and founder of the ―Tulak Tacloban,‖ which provides education
access to survivors of typhoon Yolanda.
Wafflebox Concrete Modular Houses
Wafflebox Concrete Modular Houses: An All Filipino Patented Invention
Wafflebox Concrete Modular Houses are designed and studied by the technical people of
Solid and Insulated Poured Concrete Construction (Solidcon Construction- Registered
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Trade Name). The idea of inventing a new construction technology or the Wafflebox
Concrete Modular Houses was inspired by the victims of Yolanda on 2013.
• This green building technology helps decrease carbon footprint by utilizing less
cement;
• It is insulation ready which reduces consumption of electricity;
• It is an industrial building system which reduces waste, improves quality by
completing most of the construction activities in a controlled fabrication site;
• It lessens waste and noisy activities in the sites thereby considered a neighbor
friendly construction technology
Factory made waffle boxes means better quality (controlled environment), ready-
finished, plug-in units, expandable side wards or upwards (expand when able), highly
resistant to earthquake and tornado (micro portal frames), mitigates against flood, storm
surge, tidal waves, snow, sand storm (stilt foundation and concrete deck), resilient, green
(does not use wood, lighter hence require lesser cement and steel but equally stronger),
waffles can receive insulation (unlike hollow blocks?), free concrete roof deck, and many
more.
This studio unit cost P395, 000 is 3m wide x 6.75m long x 2.7m high, or 20.25sq.m. But
also included is another deck equivalent to 20.25sq.m.
Included: Plans, structure, floor tiles, painted walls and ceiling (bare concrete), Filipino
standard kitchen, Filipino Standard t&b, wood doors, steel windows, septic vault,
electrical post, electrical, plumbing, operational.
Excluded: Hot water, water tank, pump, aircon, water and electrical deposits to utility
companies, stair to deck, deck railing, all kinds of bonds and insurances
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Variable cost: freight, foundation.
Cost to expand side ward or up wards +/- P395, 000 per 20.25sq.m.
STRONG
Roof, Floor, and Walls monolithically poured in one step and with portal frames (steel
bars all-around like a ‗Roll Cage‘ in your car) which gives the highest structural strength
against earthquakes and typhoons. No they are not panels; we cast the Roof, Floor and
Walls together at the same time. Every unit is 4,000 psi (that‘s strong enough to carry 4
extra floors).
GREEN and LIGHTWEIGHT
Using up to 50% less concrete (cement)
–ROOF DECK as bonus (that‘s a huge extra floor-space) and the only roof which does
not flyaway with typhoon.
SPEED
Made in a factory; transported to your lot; placed in 1 day… (Industrialized Building
System)
EXPANDABLE
Ready for additions; to expand your home in the future
Transferable
They can be relocated or may be transferred to a another site
– Attractive designs; Tropical, Minimalist, Mediterranean etc.
– INSULATION optional
Our ‗Waffle Box Building Technology‘ reinforced concrete homes are disaster-resistant
to tornado force winds, storm, hurricane, typhoon, and earthquake.
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Container homes by MEKA World
I just discovered this prefab container house company from Canada. That's right; all
these home models are made from metal shipping containers! They have six very
impressive container home designs to choose from. The number in the model name tells
you how many square feet the
design has. For example, the ALP 320 is 320 square feet. You can find more photos and
floor plans on their website, MEKAworld.com. All photo and image credits in this post
go to MEKA World. The models and current prices (in USD) as of the day of this post
are listed below...
The ALP 320 shown above is a studio model (no separate bedroom). The SOL 480 and
VOR 640 are both one bedroom models. The THOR 960 has two bedrooms, one up and
one down. The HELA 1280 is a three bedroom unit with two bedrooms on the second
floor and one on the first. The THOR and HELA both have two bathrooms; the ALP,
SOL, and VOR have just one bathroom each. I love the fact that they show many of their
completed designs with solar panels and rain barrels.
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The MEKA World prefabricated shipping container homes are completely finished inside
and out. They are wired, plumbed, and well insulated. Bathroom fixtures are installed,
as are kitchen cabinets. I am not sure about kitchen appliances. I suspect the solar panels
and rainwater catchment systems are extra.
Benson Wood Homes
Bensonwood Homes has demonstrated that factory-built homes can be beautiful, original,
and high-performance. From a collection of engineered net-zero dwellings to a shop-
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fabricated LEED-Platinum prototype, all homes from this Walpole, N.H.-based company
are built to exacting
standards of sustainability, efficiency, and livability. Its newest creation, a timber-frame
dwelling in Weston, Conn., shows that pre-fab construction can offer all of the design
flexibility of a site-built custom home.
through the use of simple, rustic materials such as exposed Douglas fir timbers, steel
hardware, and vertical barn board siding. Modern touches such as the open floor plan,
state-of-the-art kitchen, and vaulted ceilings lighten and brighten the farmhouse aesthetic.
Through oversized windows and glass double doors, natural light floods the large south-
facing entry foyer, where the sun's warmth is absorbed by the thermal mass of the slate
floor tiles.
double-glazed 0.33 U-factor south-facing windows and triple-glazed 0.2 units for the
northern side. For much of the fall and some of the winter, heating is provided only by
the centrally located Tulikivi wood-burning fireplace. Made of Scandinavian soapstone,
the heat-accumulating firebox radiates warmth for up to 24 hours after a fire is put out, so
Adams located an air return close by to help circulate the warm air throughout the house.
benefits, achieving an engineered, airtight home (1.76 ACH@50Pa) while saving time
and money during the construction process, Adams point out. "With factory construction,
it's the quality of the connections and how well the pieces go together that make for a
very tight building."
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Bensonwood continues to create highly efficient factory-built homes.
For decades, design/build firm Bensonwood Homes has demonstrated that factory-built
homes can be beautiful, original, and high-performance. From a collection of engineered
net-zero dwellings to a shop-fabricated LEED-Platinum prototype, all homes from this
Walpole, N.H.-based company are built to exacting standards of sustainability,
efficiency, and livability.
Its newest creation, a timber-frame dwelling in Weston, Conn., shows that pre-fab
construction can offer all of the design flexibility of a site-built custom home.
through the use of simple, rustic materials such as exposed Douglas fir timbers, steel
hardware, and vertical barnboard siding. Modern touches such as the open floor plan,
state-of-the-art kitchen, and vaulted ceilings lighten and brighten the farmhouse aesthetic.
double-glazed 0.33 U-factor south-facing windows and triple-glazed 0.2 units for the
northern side. For much of the fall and some of the winter, heating is provided only by
the centrally located Tulikivi wood-burning fireplace. Made of Scandinavian soapstone,
the heat-accumulating firebox radiates warmth for up to 24 hours after a fire is put out, so
Adams located an air return close by to help circulate the warm air throughout the house.
benefits, achieving an engineered, airtight home (1.76 ACH@50Pa) while saving time
and money during the construction process, Adams point out. "With factory construction,
it's the quality of the connections and how well the pieces go together that make for a
very tight building."
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In addition, the home is sealed with a European gasketing product instead of foam where
the walls meet the deck, the roof meets the walls, and around windows and doors. The
foam rubber material from Trelleborg ensures an airtight seal at every intersection of the
building envelope and retains its resilience even during shifting and through seasonal
expansion and contraction, Adams says.
The one-of-a-kind dwelling also benefits from the Open-Built integrated process used for
all Bensonwood homes, which takes a layered design approach that allows owners to
easily move or remove walls or access fixtures and wiring to adapt to the changing needs
of occupants.
Low-Income Housing Prototypes in Mozambique, Southeast Africa
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The Department of Human Settlements at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts'
School of Architecture, Design, and Conservation has developed a new low-income
housing prototype for Maputo, Mozambique in southeast Africa as part of
The Casas Melhoradas research project. The prototype reinterprets the area‘s traditional
―Casa de Madeira e Zinco,‖ which is made of wood and corrugated iron sheets, and the
"Casa de Blocos," which is composed of concrete blocks.
The design features ―a heavy first floor concrete base with a light two-storey wooden
house on top,‖ with outdoor balconies that provide ―a social transition zone between
inside and out.‖ In addition, the prototype utilized local sustainable wood as well as local
carpenters and craftsmen to construct and assemble the prefabricated elements.
The Casas Melhoradas research project seeks to improve physical living conditions for
low-income groups in slum areas ―characterized by housing of poor structural quality,
inadequate access to social and technical infrastructure, overcrowding, and insecure
tenure.‖
Through affordable rental housing, the hope of the project is to ―facilitate the
development of more compact urban environments,‖ and make ―future infrastructure
investments more cost-effective.‖
Thus, the project hopes to counter Maputo‘s rapid horizontal growth, which has led to
selectricity, and storm water management.
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The Royal Danish Academy is collaborating with several groups for the project,
including the Faculdade de Arquitectura e Planeamento Físico at Universidade Eduardo
Mondlane, The Mozambican NGO Estamos, and the Danish branch of Architects without
Borders.
The first housing prototypes were released from 2014 to 2015, and are currently featured
at the Africa exhibition at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art. The project aims to
develop additional prototypes during 2016.
Low-Income Housing Prototypes in Maputo, Southeast Africa
Background:
Today about one billion people live in slums in developing countries. According to UN-
Habitat this figure will grow to two billion over the next 15 years. Slums in developing
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countries are the fastest growing type of human habitat and there are many problems and
potentials associated with this development.
Maputo is characterized by great social inequality and unplanned urban development.
The slum areas in Maputo are characterized by the lack of basic infrastructure (water,
roads, electricity, etc.). The houses are one floor and the urban density is low. Maputo has
a population of approximately 2.5 million and is currently experiencing a high population
growth rate of approximately 5% annually. Up to 90% of the population lives in slum
areas. Currently the city expands horizontally.
Urban densification can result in a more economically and environmentally sustainable
urban development, but requires the development of more compact housing typologies
than the dominant conventional single-storey detached houses.
In Maputo, there is limited experience with high densities, as multi storey construction is
expensive. There is a very limited degree of industrialization in the construction sector
and the quality of construction is often low.
Project:
The project will develop and test different housing typologies, construction techniques
and modes of production in full scale with the construction of test houses. These will then
be compared and evaluated in order to identify the most appropriate solutions to the slum
dwellers in Maputo. Comparative studies of technical performance (durability, indoor
climate), economic performance (cost of building materials, manual labor, transportation,
maintenance, time spent on construction) and socio-cultural performance (social
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acceptance, compatibility with cultural norms) will be carried out between each
constructed housing prototype.
The project will develop new housing typologies with higher urban densities than
conventional housing models in order to use infrastructure and space more efficiently and
on that basis create a more economically and environmentally sustainable urban
development. Various multi-story housing typologies, rooted in the local socio-economic
and cultural conditions, will be developed and built by Danish architects in cooperation
with local partner organizations and local builders.
The project will develop building component manufacturing of semi-industrial nature to
facilitate mass production of housing and thereby reduce the time spent on construction,
reduce waste of resources and reduce the cost of housing. There will be experimented
with prefabricated element construction that will be produced locally in Maputo‘s slums,
based on the locally available capabilities.
By accommodating the rapid population growth and facilitating the urban densification
by developing more compact housing while developing more efficient construction
methods, the project seeks to improve the quality of life, reduce the price of housing and
use the limited resources more efficiently. The developed housing models, building
techniques and production methods will be tested in full scale in the construction of test
houses and will subsequently be evaluated to identify the most appropriate solutions for
low-income neighborhoods in Maputo.
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2.2.3 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The study of the proposed project will cater all the possibilities of changing the lack in
concerning the ecological approach in a building and responsive design of the building system in
the country of the Philippines especially in urban places. It will give the users the ambiance of
being as one with the environment.
The proposed project ―The New Fold‖ is an example of a structure that connect the
people within needs and concerning the green environment in urban place, it contains the
following characteristic:
 Green Approach
It will introduce new technologies that will help lessen the bad effects of a building envelope in
the environment and within its premises.
 Climate Change Resilient
In our modern times the change in climate is affecting the environment, the structure itself will
be irrepressible in terms of the climate change we experience.
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 Sustainable Development
The structure will use its environment to sustain itself in terms of electricity, water and air
ventilation that will lessen the building energy consumption.
The proposed project adapts the theme in its character, ―KINETIC A‖ (KINETIC
ARCHITECTURE; Moving forward to innovate and experimental planning and design.
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CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
3.1 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
3.1.1 Identification/Assessment of Needs
 An essential need for highly green structure that can adapt the negative effect of climate
change.
 Adopt a new method of building construction that is eco-friendly and less impact to the
nature.
 To enhance living, leisure and work environments; and not to harm the health of the
visitors, users, and occupants through exposure to pollutants or other toxic materials
 To promotes the ability to dramatically reduce the time needed for construction.
 Modular construction easily incorporates sustainability.
 To make it Reusable whether you need a new layout or your building has been damaged,
modular buildings can be disassembled so individual modules can be replaced or
refurbished.
3.1.2 Restatement of the Problem
After analyzing the given facts, data, and information needed, the proponent is then now
identify the problem.
A need for priceless, highly green, innovative and Sustainable design house (also called
environmentally conscious design,) where the designing physical objects, the built
environment, and services to comply with the principles of social, economic, and ecological
sustainability.
The intention of sustainability is to "eliminate negative environmental impact completely

through skillful, sensitive design".
Manifestations of sustainable design require renewable resources, impact the environment

minimally, and connect people with the natural environment.
 How to fight to the uncontrolled increase of solar heat or ―global warming‖ in the
building envelope of the project.
 How to contribute in the environmental global issue which is ―climate change‖ in the
field of architecture and construction industry
 How to use efficiently the natural resources of the country.
 How to promote to the people the new smart house.
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 How to introduce the application Green Architecture and Green Code of the
Philippines in the construction industry of the country.
 How to apply the material to unite on environment.
 How to minimize the physical effects of environment.
 How to construct the house with an earthquake and flood resistant.
 How to make the modular house to be the epicenter of changes in the traditional
houses in Philippines.
3.1.3 Recommendations
The ―New Fold An adoptive prototype Settlement for GREEN Development‖ The main goal of
this study is to develop and introduced and promotes space saving idea inside of the house. The
house are built in programmed stages from flooring to finished product and then set in place at
your jobsite. A space saving design wherein the structure size is probably small but everything is
movable and comfortable.
In terms of architecture, this proposed project will serve as model for green structure and
development that will be implemented in the near future by Philippine Green Building Initiative
(PGBI), it involves construction management, energy conservation, resiliency, climate change
adaptability, human welfare and safety and many others.
Green buildings are the product of sustainable development and the practice of creating
structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient
throughout a building‘s life-cycle from sitting to design, construction, operation, maintenance,
renovation and deconstruction. This practice expands and complements the classical building
design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building is also known as a
sustainable or high performance building.
Further studies like a deeper research such as more advanced and sustainable design and utilizing
renewable energy resources can still be made. ―Green building is designed to reduce the overall
impact of built environment on human health and the natural environment by:
 Conserving energy,
 Sustaining welfare of people,
 Reducing greenhouse gas emission,
 Efficiently using energy, water other resources,
 Adapting resiliency, climate change adaptability,
 Responsive construction methodologies,
 Protecting occupant health.
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3.2 THE SITE

3.2.1 Background of the Site
The Site for the proposed project “The New Fold” was located in Barangay Dolores,
Capas, Tarlac City with an area of more or less 5.9877 hectares. It is located in the southwestern
part of Tarlac province. A landlocked area, it is bounded by the towns of San Jose on the north,
Tarlac on the northeast, Concepcion on the east, Bamban on the south and the province of
Zambales on the west. Capas lies at the geographical coordinates of 15‘15‖ to 15‘ 26‖ latitude
and 120‘ 37‖ longitude. The site is owned by Municipality of Capas Tarlac which is converted
into residential land. The site was also recommended by Urban Development Department of
Capas, Tarlac which is the best location for creating a residential development.
mountains. Its northern and eastern parts formed the extensive level plain with considerable
deposits of sand, loam and clay while their western portions consist of hills and mountains. The
town‘s southwestern part is bounded by ridges predominantly of pyroclastic materials that drain
from Mount Pinatubo in the Zambales border.
be the third most populated town in the province. The town is composed of 20 barangays, each
with the following features:
Called Rangali in the early days, it was renamed to Aranguren in honor of the Spanish
missionary Father Gregorio Aranguring. The main products of this barangay are rice, sugarcane,
ampalaya and mongo. It is also engaged in fish production, swine farm and contract growing
chicken. Barangay Aranguren, the terminal point of the infamous Death March during the
Second World War, is located six kilometers from the poblacion.
Created in 1712, Capas is among the oldest towns of Tarlac together with Bamban
(1712), Paniqui (1574) and Tarlac (1686). Its creation was justified by numerous settlements
which were already established in the river banks of Cutcut River since the advent of the
eighteenth century. The settlements belonged to the domain of Pagbatuan and Gudya, the two
sitios united by Capitan Mariano Capiendo when he founded the municipality.
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Historical records suggest three versions on how Capas got its name. The first version, as
told, was originated from capas-capas, the edible flower similar to that of the caturay that
abundantly grew along the Cutcut river banks. The second version, accordingly, was adapted
from a cotton tree called capas, an Aeta dialect. The third version suggested that it was through
the corruption of the first three letters from the surnames of the town‘s early settlers, namely:
Capitulo, Capitly, Capiendo, Capuno, Caponga, Capingian, Caparas, Capera, Capumpue, Capit,
Capil, Capunfuerza, Capunpun, Caputol, Capul and Capan. For short, they were called ―caps‖ or
―capas‖ in the local dialect.
In 1860, the Spanish colonial government included Capas, together with Concepcion,
Bamban, Mabalacat, Magalang, Porac, Floridablanca, Victoria and Tarlac, in the creation of the
politico-military commandancia. The commandancia, however, had ceased from its function
when Tarlac was created into a province in 1874. Due to the floods that frequently inundated the
Cutcut River banks, the town was relocated to the upper area where it is now permanently
established.
Because of the Mount Pinatubo eruption on June 12, 1991, President Corazon C. Aquino
issued the Proclamation No. 813 ―Reserving for Resettlement Site purposes of the Mount
Pinatubo victims a certain portion of Clark Air Base Military Reservation located in the
Municipality of Capas, Province of Tarlac.‖ In consideration of the urgent need to assist the
families affected by the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo by providing them with suitable resettlement
areas. From this O‘Donnell Resettlement Site (the biggest resettlement site able to accommodate
a maximum of 13,000 families) was established and give refuge to many evacuees and victims of
the Mt. Pinatubo eruption from different barangays of Concepcion and Capas. This community is
divided into 147 blocks representing a cluster of settlers grouped according to their place of
origin.
Capas has had its share in the country‘s colorful history. Its people also joined the
uprising when the Philippines revolted against Spain. But the most memorable of all times,
which Capas was made famous for, was its being the terminal point of the infamous Death
March joined by the American and Filipino soldiers during the Japanese occupation. The town
was once a host to the American strategic facilities – the O‘Donnell Transmitter station and the
Naval Transmitter Station – which were instrumental to the United States‘ continuous dominance
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over Asia. Incidentally, Capas is the hometown of Bernabe G. Buscayno or ―Kumander Dante‖
who carved out his name in late 1960s and 1970s, the turbulent period of the Philippine
contemporary history.
After the siege of two subsequent disasters caused by Mount Pinatubo eruption that
displaces the local economy, and the closure of American military bases that caused the loss of
numerous jobs, Capas has rose from its feet. The town is now cautiously observed by its nearby
neighbors as its potentials area now being harnessed for economic development.
3.2.2 Site Selection Criteria
The Site Criteria was provided for a purpose of the proponent for being liable at any
requirements and standard established by the Government. Proving the best use for site selection
was not just a pick point Criteria. This is to ensure that the necessary support systems are in
place and that partner institutions are committed to support the project, moreover to prove that
the site to be chosen is best for the proposed project entitled “The New Fold”.
For this housing development, site is very important factor because it can make the
project more successful because of its location, environmental quality, soil condition and
stability, accessibility or means of transportation, water condition, noise and air pollution, and
many more factors to be consider to make the project more efficient and sustainable enough for
the life and welfare of occupants.
These criteria are based on the Manual of Site Planning and Design by John Ormsbee
Simonds:
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Major Site Selection Criteria
CRITERIA GUIDELINES TO BE CONSIDERED
 Climate (temperature, storm, rainfall, etc.)

 Soils (stability, fertility, depth)
 Water supply and quality
 Economy (rising, stable, declining)
 Transportation (highways and transit)
REGIONAL
 Energy (availability and relative cost)
 Landscape character
 Cultural opportunities
 Health care facilities
 Major detractions
 Exceptional features
 Travel (time-distance to work, shopping, etc.)

 Travel experience (pleasant or unpleasant)
 Community ambience
 School
COMMUNITY
 Shopping
 Churches
 Safety and security
 Governance and taxes
 Landscape character
 Lifestyle
 Compatibility of proposed uses
 Traffic ways (access, hazard, attractiveness)
NEIGHBORHOODS
 Convenience (schools, services, etc.)
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 Parks, recreation and open spaces

 Exposure (sun, wind, storms, planning)
 Freedom from noise, fumes, etc.
 Utilities (availability and cost)
 Size and Shape (suitability)

 Aspect from approaches
 Safe entrance and egress
 On-site ―feel‖
 Permanent trees and cover
PROPERTY  Need for clearing
 Ground forms of gradients
 Relative cost of earthwork and foundation
 Site drainage
 Adjacent structure
 Relationship to circulation patterns
 Relative cost of land and development
 Topographic ―fit‖ of programmed user

 Gradient of approach
 Safe distance and entrance drive
 Orientation to sun, wind and breeze
BUILDING SITE
 Views
 Privacy
 Freedom from noise and glare
 Visual impact
 Proximity to utility leads
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3.2.3 Site Selection and Justification
From the entire locality of Capas, Tarlac, the proponent has chosen specific site that is
considerable recommended by the Urban Development Department of Tarlac City which has the
suitable characteristics of an ideal location for residential green structure that based on the site
criteria given the by the proponents. They are suggested the Barangay Dolores along the Mc
Arthur Highway, Tarlac-Dagupan Road and bounded by the town of San Jose in its northern
part with an area approximately 5 hectares.
Around the City of Pampanga, the most friendly business city in the country, proponents
also make a study to find a suitable site for the project. The Clark Development Corporation
(CDC) provides an area approximately 40 hectares site located along the J. Abad Santos Avenue
for the proposed project. Using the given Site Selection Criteria, the proponents deeply analyze
and investigate which is the best site for the project “The New Fold”.
The selected sites are the Barangay Dolores, Capas, Tarlac and the Clark Freeport Zone
along the J. Abad Santos Avenue. In terms of development, Tarlac City is a highly urbanized
area compare to Clark Freeport Zone which is not totally an urban zone and not ready to build a
complex development as the proposed project. But in terms of environmental conditions, the
CDC is comprises of many open spaces, greeneries, good water and air condition that can help
the project to make it more sustainable and eco-friendly approach. With this given sites, the
proponents make a comparison between the two sites using the Site Selection Criteria to choose
which more suitable and feasible location for the proposed project.
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Capas Tarlac City Clark Freeport Zone
These are the selected sites for the project:
CRITERIA CAPAS TARLAC CLARK

REGIONAL:
 Climate 5 5
 Soils 5 4
 Water Supply and Quality 4 4

 Economy 5 4
 Transportation 5 3
 Energy 4 3
 Landscape Character 4 5
 Cultural Opportunities 4 4
 Employment Opportunities 5 4
 Healthcare Facilities 5 4
 Major Detractions 5 5
 Exceptional Features 5 4
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COMMUNITY:
 Travel 5 4
 Travel Experience 5 3
 Community Ambience 4 5
 Schools 5 3
 Shopping 5 4
 Churches 4 4
 Public Service 5 3
 Security and Safety 3 5
 Governance 4 4
 Taxes 5 4
NEIGHBORHOOD:
 Landscape Character 4 5
 Lifestyle 5 4
 Compatibility of Proposed Uses 5 4
 Traffic Ways 4 5
 Convenience 4 5
 Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces 4 5
 Exposure 5 3
 Freedom from noise 4 5
 Utilities 4 4
PROPERTY:
 Size and Shape 5 5
 Aspect from Approaches 5 4
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 Safe Entrance and Egress 5 4

 On-site feel 5 5
 Permanent trees and cover 3 5
 Need from clearing 5 3
 Ground forms and Gradient 5 3
 Soils 5 4
 Relative cost of Earthwork and Foundation 5 5
 Site Drainage 3 4
 Adjacent Structures 5 3
 Neighbors 5 3
 Relationship to Circulation Pattern 4 4
 Relative cost of Land and Development 5 4
BUILDING SITE:
 Topographic ―fit‖ of programmed user 5 4
 Gradient of Approaches 5 3
 Safe distance and Entrance drive 4 4
 Orientation of sun, wind and breeze 5 5
 Views 5 4
 Privacy 4 5
 Freedom from noise and glare 4 5
 Visual impact of neighboring uses 5 4
 Visual impact upon neighboring uses 5 4
 Proximity of utility leads 4 3
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Rating Guide:
1 - Poor
2 - Satisfactory/Fair
3 - Preferable/Desirable
4 - Very preferable/desirable
5 - Highly preferable/desirable
With the help of the site selection criteria and study of the sites given by the government
agencies, the proponents have identified the strengths and weaknesses of each site. With this, the
proponents have chosen the site which is located in Barangay Dolores, Capas, Tarlac City for
the project.
3.2.4 Site Analysis

Geographical Location
Capas occupies a total area of 43,148.55 hectares (LMS, DENR). The town is located in
Location:
 Located at the Tarlac City which is the best location for creating a residential
development.
 Capas has the highest concentration of the city‘s residential establishments.
 Zoned at transportation and Communication land use for its strategic point for being a no-
traffic producer.
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 Zoned at the residential and Parks & Open space.
 The vicinity of the site is surrounds by residential areas.
Environment:
 Has a good body of water which are O‘Donnell River, Bulsa-Moriones River and Bangut
River
 The site has a relatively flat in surface.
 Has a good environment and ambiance from the site.
 The site has green environment and vegetation which is suitable for the project.
 Within the vicinity, has an existence of tourist spots that can make the project more
feasible.
Accessibility and available mode of transportation:

 The site was accessible by bike, tricycle and jeep from the residential and commercial
areas.
 The roads through the site has a proper side walk and light post
 The site was bounded by San Jose and Concepcion. Intersected by the minor road from
the Dolores accessing to the site.
 There are existing jeepneys, tricycle and buses passing thru the site.
Utilities:
 Tarlac Electric Company (TARELCO II) was the power supplier of Capas Tarlac.
 Water supply was supplied by Vital Source Water District in Tarlac.
 Has good condition of government office at the vicinity.
 There is however regular collection of solid waste generated within the vicinity.
 There is a good condition of sewerage system.
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 Utility road surrounding the site has a good condition and well cemented.
Security and Safety:

 The site is surrounded by residences and other establishments at the vicinity of the site.
 The site is also near the police station.
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SITE: CAPAS TARLAC: showing the Location map & vicinity map with specific site
chosen
THE SITE
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THE SITE:Dolores, Capas, Tarlac City
THE SITE
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
LOT DESCRIPTION
POINTS BEARINGS DISTANCE (meter)
1-2 N 13 deg. 19’ W 2396.74
2-3 S 68 deg. 40’ W 339.48
3-4 N 8 deg. 12’ W 207.57
4-5 N 73 deg. 12’ E 142.62
5-6 N 73 deg. 13’ E 142.70
6-7 S 24 deg. 53’ E 69.78
7-1 S 23 deg. 12’ E 110
Total Lot Area: 59, 877 sq. meter
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DIFFERENT VIEWS OF THE SITE
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SOIL AND WATER CONDITION
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VEGETATION CONDITION
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ROAD NETWORKS
MacArthur Highway
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ORIENTATION IN RELATION TO SOLAR PATHS AND WIND PATHS
NORTH
SOUTH-WEST MONSOON
(MAY TO OCTOBER)
6PM
3PM
12PM
9AM
6AM
NORTH-EAST MONSONN
(NOVEMBER TO APRIL)
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3.2.5 SWOT Analysis
STRENGHTS
(EXISTING PARK)
CAPAS NATIONAL CAPAS POLICE

SHRINE STATION
MacArthur Highway RCS MARKET

(MAIN ACCESS OF THE SITE)
SM TARLAC
(EXISTING STRUCTURE)
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WEAKNESSES AND THREATS
SOIL IS NOT IN GOOD MANYCOMPETITORS
CONDITION AROUND CAPAS
EXISTING TREES IN SITE
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OPPORTUNITIES
DEVELOPER OF THE PROJECT
EXISTING SUBDIVISION
DEVELOPED BY AYALALAND
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3.2.6. Baseline Studies
 Vicinity Map
THE SITE
Source: Google earth and National Economic and Development Authority, NEDA
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 Municipal map
THE SITE
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 Contour Map
THE SITE
Source: National Economic and Development Authority, NEDA
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 Slope Map
THE SITE
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 Infrastructure Map
THE SITE
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 Critical Infrastructure Hazard Exposure Map for Flood
THE SITE
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 Critical Infrastructure Hazard Exposure Map for Rain-Induced Landslide (RIL)
THE SITE
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 Built-Up Area Hazard Exposure Map for Flood
THE SITE
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 Built-Up Area Hazard Exposure Map for Rain-Induced Landlside (RIL)
THE SITE
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 Earthquake Hazard Map (Ground shaking level)
THE SITE
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 Liquefaction Map
THE SITE
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 Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazard Map
THE SITE
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 Landslide Hazard Map
THE SITE
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 Protected Areas Map
THE SITE
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Source:

 Site conditions
Location: Barangay Dolores, Capas, Province of Tarlac
Total lot area: 59,877 sq. meter
Lot Owner: Municipality of Capas
Access: Mc Arthur Highway, Dagupan-Pangasinan Road
Climate: Type I, relatively dry from December to April and wet from May to November
Slope: Relatively Flat
Surface water: O‘Donnell River, Bulsa-Moriones River and Bangut River
Groundwater: Deep well area > 15 m
Fish and Wildlife: Agricultural and Fisheries Development zone
Land use: Residential Land
Water: Vital Source Water District, Tarlac
Power: Tarlac Electric Company (TARELCO II)
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3.3 BEHAVIOURAL ANALYSIS
3.3.1 Activity Flow Diagram
The proposed project ―The New Fold‖ is an adoptive prototype housing that composed of
modular spaces same as living room, Dining room, kitchen and Bed rooms.
BEDROOMS
KITCHEN AREA
TOILET
AND BATH
DINING AREA
LIVING AREA
ENTRANCE/PORCH AND
UTILITIES
Note: This flow diagram is just a preliminary design of the proponents
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The Organizational Chart of Administrative Flow of the Project:
SECRETARY OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
FINANCIAL DIRECTOR FOR DIRECTOR FOR GENERAL OFFICE OF

INSTITUTION OPERATION FINANCE MANAGER THE
GENERAL
COUNSEL
FINANCIAL PROJECT AND ACCOUNTING,
INSTITUTION II IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING AND COMMUNICATION
AND MONITORING BUDGET POLICY AND
HUMAN STRATEGY
ENERGY AND
INFRASTRUCTURE CORPORATE RISK RESOURCES
RECOVERY MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
PROCUREMENT
GENERAL
CONTROLLLERS EXTERNAL
INDUSTRIES,
RELATION
TRANSPORT AND FINANCIAL
INTERNAL
TOURISM ANALYSIS
TREASURY ADMINISTRATIVE AUDIT
SERVICES
ENVIRONMENT
FUNDING COMPLIANCE
SERVICES
AND
OPERATIONAL
INVESTMENT RECORDS AND
RISK
INFORMATIONS
MANAGEMENT
OFFICE
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3.3.2 Environmental-Behavioural Analysis

This diagram shows the needs and wants of the occupants for the project:
Modern
technology
Good Security &

Administration Safety
Comfortable Good
Living OCCUPANTS Circulation
Aesthetic
Good Services
Design
Relaxing
Environmnet
Note: This flow diagram is just a preliminary design of the proponents.
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3.3.3 Interrelationship Analysis
SITE BUBBLE DIAGRAM: 59,877 SQ.MTS.LOT AREAS
Structure
Parks and
Structure Play
ground
Multipurpose
hall and
Ecumenical
church
Structure Structure
ROAD
LEGEND:
NETWORKS
ACCESSIBLE
LIMITED ACCESSIBILITY
ONE WAY ACCESSIBILITY
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BUBBLE DIAGRAM OF THE STRUCTURE: 30 SQ.MTS TOTAL FLOOR AREA
KITCHEN
AREA
TOILET
AND
BEDROOM BATH
DINING
AREA
LIVING ROOM
LEGEND:
PUBLIC
PRIVATE
ENTRANCE SEMI PRIVATE

OR PORCH
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3.4 VIABILITY STUDIES
3.4.1 Technical Viability and Environmental Impact Assessment
A. Green and Sustainable Development
The structural systems, methods of construction and choosing of materials to be incorporated by

the proponent were based on the Philippine Green Building Initiative (PGBI) and Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) guidelines since one of the main goal of the project is
to promote green and sustainable development. Sustainable development is the concept of
maximizing the effective use of the resources while minimizing the impact of those resources on
the earth and its environment. To achieve a sustainable development, there are 3 E‘s to be
consider – environment, equity and economy. The main aim of this development is to meet the
needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to be able to meet their
needs.
Application the principles of sustainable development to produce places and products that
reduce the use of non-renewable resources, minimize environmental impacts, restore native
ecosystem and connect people with the natural environment. The whole building and system
approach to design and construction that uses building techniques that minimize environmental
impacts and reduce the energy consumption of building while contributing to health and
productivity of its occupants. The following are efficient building initiative and adaptation based
on PGBI guidelines that will incorporated by the proponents to the proposed project
―THE NEW FOLD‖:
The Geared for Resiliency and Energy Efficiency for the Environment or GREEEN is rating
system that made by PGBI to provide sets of criteria and best practices to evaluate buildings. It
also measures the performance of buildings against sustainable design and construction
principles, and its capacity for adaptability and resiliency towards climate change. GREEEN has
incorporated into its rating system prerequisites that will require green buildings to conform to
the relevant standards, building codes, fire and life safety codes, environmental requirements and
applicable national and local ordinances. The objective is to promote and recognize buildings
that are sustainable, energy efficient, environment-friendly, health, concerned for the welfare of
its occupants, and resilient to changes of climate.
Green building is sustainable design, which one of the core principles of Philippine Agenda 21,
as advocated by the Climate Change Commission to promote climate change adaptability and
resiliency.
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GREEEN RATING SYSTEM: Major Categories
Figure 3.4.1.A: Green Rating System Major Categories, Source: PGBI
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GREEEN RATING SYSTEM: Prerequisite and Corresponding Points
1. Energy and Environment
Figure 3.4.1.B: Green Rating System, Source: PGBI
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2. Sustainable and Responsive Sites
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Figure 3.4.1.C: Green Rating System, Source: PGB
Figure 3.4.1.C: Green Rating System, Source: PGBI
Figure 3.4.1.D: Green Rating System, Source: PGBI
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4. Indoor Environmental Quality
Figure 3.4.1.E: Green Rating System, Source: PGBI
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5. Water and Wastewater Management
Figure 3.4.1.F: Green Rating System, Source: PGBI
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6. Climate Change Resiliency
Figure 3.4.1.G: Green Rating System, Source: PGBI
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7. Building Operations and Maintenance Management
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Figure 3.4.1.H: Green Rating System, Source: PGBI
8. Construction Operation and Management
Figure 3.4.1.I: Green Rating System, Source: PGBI
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GREEEN RATING SYSTEM: Tabulation of Scores
GREEEN RATING SYSTEM: Award
Figure 3.4.1.J: Green Rating System, Source: PGBI
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B. Technology
Green Building Materials
Green Buildings are high-performance buildings that are less taxing to the environment,
concerned for natural resources, better in environmental and energy performance, using a
rating system as reference for design & construction, after the welfare, productivity and comfort
for the occupants. Minimize natural resources consumption, minimize emissions, minimize
discharge of solid waste & liquid effluents, minimize negative impacts on ecosystem, and
maximum quality of indoor environment.
To meet the needs of a green development with its building envelope, it should be complies with
the standard and prescriptive requirements such as each opaque assembly has to meet a minimum
insulation level, maximum U-value, minimum R-value, solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC)
values and upper limit on glazing area. U-value is the rate of heat loss in indicated in terms of U-
factor of a window assembly. The insulating value is indicated by the R-value which is the
inverse of the U-value. The lower the U-value, the greater a window‘s resistance to heat flow and
better its insulating value. The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) is the fraction of incident solar
radiation admitted through a window, the lower the window‘s SHGC; the less solar heat is
transmits.
Steel and Glass Construction
The structure is made of combination steel and glass because it is more economical and has a
green approach because it is less impact to environment and these materials are renewable. Steel
and glass systems comprise the structural elements that provide lateral and vertical resistance to
wind and other actions, and the building envelope elements that provide the weather resistance
and thermal, acoustic and fire resisting properties. In skyscraper structure, unitized curtain
walling systems have been developed that are attached to the floors or edge beams of the primary
steel structure. Steel and glass are also widely used in facade system, and the local attachments
are in the form of stainless steel brackets.
The Prototype
A smart house green for green development refers to the design of buildings and spaces (interior,
exterior & outdoor) based on local climate, aimed at providing thermal and visual comfort,
making use of solar energy and other environmental sources. A PROTOTYPE Smart House is
one that provides its home owners comfort, security, energy efficiency (low operating costs) and
convenience at all times, regardless of whether anyone is home. The Basic elements of green
design are passive solar systems which are incorporated onto buildings and utilize environmental
sources.
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Principal Flow Reduction System and Devices
Shallow trap water closet - Shallow trap toilets are similar to conventional toilets. Due to
shallow trap they require less water per flush. 30-40 % reduction in water use over conventional
system/devices.
Dual-cycle toilet -new types of toilets that have two flush cycles, one for urine and the other for
fecal transport. Recommended for new constructions. 25-30 % reduction in water use over
conventional system/devices.
Vacuum-flush toilets - the toilet use air and small amount of water or foam to transport waste.
Such toilet are commonly used in commercial aircrafts. 30-40 % reduction in water use over
conventional system/devices.
Comparative Analysis of Glazing:
Figure 3.4.1.N: Energy Efficiency, Source: PGBI
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Energy-efficient Low-E Glass
Low-emissivity glass (or low-e glass as it is commonly referred to) is a type of energy efficient
glass designed to prevent heat escaping through your windows to the cold outdoors. Low-e glass
has an invisible coating which dramatically reduces heat transfer and reflects interior heat back
into the room. Windows are where a high rate of energy expenditure occurs. Low-E glass is
designed to save energy efficiently by allowing solar radiation to enter a building through
winterized windows whilst preventing heat from sneaking out of the building.
Figure 3.4.1.O: Low-E glass and features
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Material Greenness Rate
Figure 3.4.1.S: Greenness Rate, Source: PGBI
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Energy Efficiency
Green buildings are the products of sustainable development which as a lot of benefits such as
lower energy cost, lower water cost, greater durability and fewer repairs, reduced cleaning and
maintenance, reduced waste generation within buildings, reduced employee turnover, positive
public image, improved worker productivity, improved health, enhanced comfort, reduced global
warming impacts, minimize ozone depletion, reduced toxic emissions. In environmental benefits
it includes reduction of urban heat island, protection of biodiversity, and increased of
environmental awareness.
In energy efficiency it involves the energy consumption of the building, the lighting mechanism
and system, building envelope, Heating, Venting and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and the use of
renewable materials. For most of the commercial, institutional and industrial buildings, the bulk
of energy consumption comes from air-conditioning & motors (55% - 70%) and lighting (30% -
45%). Although lighting accounts only for 30 to 45% of the entire facility‘s energy consumption,
it is usually the first thing where one looks for savings since changes are usually easy,
inexpensive and have quick payback period.
Today more than 80 per cent of the world‘s electric power conduction comes from fossil-fueled
plants. As the demand for electricity is forecasted to increase, there is an urgent need to find new
methods to extract electric energy from renewable sources. Renewable electric energy supply is
today one of the highest properties in many parts of the world. Incandescent lamps has very good
color rendering, are very inefficient because for 100% of the energy supplied, only 25% is
converted to light, while, the rest of the 75% energy is converted to heat, which makes it more of
a heater than a light source. A high quality CFL can deliver the same or even more brightness
with only about 25% of the energy needed by the incandescent lamp. Furthermore, the CFL has 8
times more operating life than an incandescent lamp.
THE NEW FOLD “An adoptive prototype Settlement for GREEN Development”
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Does not need color filters – capable of emitting light of an intended color
Focused light output. Does not require external reflectors to focus the light
Extremely high reliability against mechanical shocks and vibrations
Its casing is hard to break and extremely durable Safer. Do not generate appreciable amounts
of ultraviolet and infrared rays do not abruptly burn-out. Fails by dimming over time
Light Emitting Diode (LED) – (Continuation)
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 185
Extremely long operating hours – 3 or 4 times as long as linear fluorescent lamps and 45 times
longer than incandescent lamps Gives off less heat than incandescent lamps with similar light
output Lights up very quickly and will achieve full brightness in approximately 0.01 seconds,
which is 50 times faster than a CFL
Reduced maintenance Environment friendly – Does not contain mercury, glass, filaments or
gases
Cooling Efficiency Glazing. In green structures, glazing area is limited to 40% depending on the
type of glass, the U value and the shading coefficient of the glass. Shading Devices. Shading
devices can also reduce the amount of heat that goes inside the building. Insulation. Insulation
increases the thermal efficiency of building envelopes. Roofs and wall need to be insulated to
reduce heat load of the air conditioning system Roof. In green buildings, roofs are required to be
insulated. Insulation can reduced the cooling load by 10% or more depending on the building
configuration. Malls have bigger roof area than high rise buildings so the roof is significant
factor in malls. Walls. Walls are also required to be insulated and this is a significant factor in
high rise buildings. It has bigger wall area than the roof.
Figure 3.4.1.U: Energy Consumption Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA),

International Energy Annual 2003
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 186
Energy Consumption by Sector
Figure 3.4.1.T: Energy Consumption by Sector Source: 2010 DOE Key Energy Statistics
Philippines
Electrical Consumption
Figure 3.4.1.U: Electrical Consumption Source: Power Consumption Data from DOE Power
Statistic
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 187
3.4.2 Legal Viability

National Building Code of the Philippines
RULE VII - CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ALL BUILDINGS

BY USE OR OCCUPANCY
SECTION 701. Occupancy Classified
Group A: Residential Dwellings
Division 1: Residential building/structure for exclusive use of single family occupants including
school or company staff housing; single (nuclear) family dwellings; churches or similar places of
worship; church rectories; community facilities and social centers; parks, playgrounds, pocket
parks, parkways, promenades and play lots; clubhouses and recreational uses such as golf
courses, tennis courts, basketball courts, swimming pools and similar uses operated by the
government or private individuals as membership organizations for the benefit of their members,
families, and guests and not operated primarily for gain.
SECTION 705. Allowable Floor Areas

1. General. The Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA) of any proposed
building/structure shall only be as allowed under this Rule.
2. TGFA Limitation. In Table VII.1. hereafter, the percentages (%) indicated in the third (3rd)
through eighth (8th) columns, but excluding the multiplier numbers 3, 5, 12, 18, and 30 (which
represent the number of storeys/floors), are the percentages of the Total Lot Area (TLA) that
may be used to initially determine the Allowable Maximum TGFA for a proposed
building/structure.
3. Crosscheck of TGFA with Allowable Maximum Volume Building (AMVB). The Allowable
Maximum TGFA once established must be thoroughly crosschecked with the AMVB to find out
if the AMVB is not exceeded. If exceeded, the necessary adjustments on the Maximum
Allowable TGFA must be made since the AMVB must always prevail.
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 188
SECTION 706. Allowable Floor Area Increases

The floor areas hereinabove provided may be increased in certain specific instances and under
appropriate conditions, based on the existence of public space, streets or yards extending along
and adjoining two or more sides of the building or structure subject to the approval of the
Building Official.
SECTION 707. Maximum Height of Buildings

1. The maximum height and number of storeys of proposed building shall be dependent upon the
character of use or occupancy and the type of construction, considering end-
user population density, light and ventilation, width of RROW/streets particularly of its
roadway/carriageway component, building bulk, off-street cum off-site parking requirements,
etc. and in relation to local land use plan and zoning regulations as well as other environmental
considerations, e.g., geological, hydrological, meteorological, topographical, prevailing traffic
conditions, the availability and capacity of public utility/service systems, etc.
2. Determination of Building Height:

a. BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT (BHL) - the maximum height to be allowed for
buildings/structures based on their proposed use or occupancy; the BHL is generally determined
after the application of other development controls (DC) and certain other parameters, i.e.,
considerations of site conditions, view, etc. (Table VII.2. of this Rule). The BHL shall be
generally measured from the established grade line to the topmost portion of the proposed
building/structure. If applicable, the BHL may be subject to clearance requirements of the Air
Transportation Office (ATO) or of the concerned military/security authorities. (Refer to
Guidelines on Development Controls at the end this Rule) BHL excludes the height of
permitted/allowed projections above the roof of the building/structure, e.g., signage, mast,
antenna, telecom tower, beacons and the like.
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THE NEW FOLD 189
RULE VIII - LIGHT AND VENTILATION
SECTION 801. General Requirements of Light and Ventilation

1. Subject to the provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Easements of Light and
View, and to the specific provisions of the Code, every building shall be designed, constructed,
and equipped to provide adequate light and ventilation. (Refer to Guidelines on Easements, View
Corridors/Sight Lines and Basements at the end of this Rule)
2. All buildings shall face a street or public alley or a private street which has been duly
approved. (Refer to Guidelines on Streets/RROW and Sidewalks at the end of this Rule)
3. No building shall be altered nor arranged so as to reduce the size of any room or the relative
area of windows to less than that provided for buildings under this Rule, or to create an
additional room, unless such additional room conforms to the requirements of this Rule.
4. No building shall be enlarged so that the dimensions of the required court or yard would be
less than what is prescribed for such building lot.
SECTION 802. Measurement of Site Occupancy

1. The measurement of site occupancy or lot occupancy shall be taken at the ground level and
shall be exclusive of courts, yards, and light wells.
2. Courts, yards, and light wells shall be measured clear of all projections from the walls
enclosing such wells or yards with the exception of roof leaders, wall copings, sills, or steel fire
escapes not exceeding 1.20 meters in width.
SECTION 803. Percentage of Site Occupancy

1. The measurement of the percentage (%) of site occupancy (or lot occupancy) shall be taken at
the ground level and shall be exclusive of courts, yards and light wells. Courts, yards, and light
wells shall be measured clear of all projections from the walls enclosing such wells or yards with
the exception of roof leaders, wall copings, sills, or steel fire escapes not exceeding 1.20 meters
in width.
2. In case of proposed additional construction on a lot on which another building/structure
already stands, the Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) arising out of such existing
buildings/structures must be included in the computation of the PSO for the Total Lot Area
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 190
(TLA). In case of discrepancy between the specified Maximum Allowable PSO and the other
light and ventilation provisions under this Rule, the resulting lesser building/structure footprint
or gross floor area at the ground floor (or at grade level) must prevail.
3. Maximum site occupancy shall be governed by use, type of construction, and height of the
building and the use, area, nature and location of the site; and subject to the provisions of the
local zoning requirements and in accordance with the following types of open spaces:
a. Public open spaces - streets, alleys, easements of sea/lakeshores, rivers, creeks, esteros,
railroad tracks, parks/plazas, playgrounds, and the like.
b. Total Open Spaces within Lot (TOSL) - courts, yards, gardens, light wells, uncovered
driveways, access roads and parking spaces consisting of two (2) types:
i. Paved or tiled (hardscaped areas); sub-classification of open space shall fall under
Maximum Allowable Impervious Surface Areas (ISA) within the Total Lot Area (TLA); and
ii. Unpaved areas within the lot that are with exposed soil and planted (softscaped), i.e., the
Unpaved Surface Areas (USA); this sub-classification is the true open space.
CAPAS TARLAC CITY ORDINANCE

RESOLUTION NO.31
WHEREAS, among the duties and functions of the Sangguniang Panlungsod, as
mandated y Republic Act 7160, other known as the Local Government Code of 1991, is ―to
adopt a comprehensive land use plan‖ and ‗to enact an integrated zoning ordinance in
consonance with the approved comprehensive land use plan‖;
WHEREAS, the Executive Department, thru the Office of the City Planning and
Development Coordinator submitted to this Sanggunian the proposed (10) Year Comprehensive
Development Plan, including the corresponding Land Use Plan from 2011 to 2020;
WHEREAS, a committee hearing on the aforesaid Land Use Plan was conducted on
September 17, 2011;
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 191
WHEREAS, the said plan has been found to be in consonance with the existing
Provincial Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Framework Plan as well as to existing policies of
the national government;
NOW, THEREFORE, on motion of Councilor Glen Troy s.Caritativo, unanimously
seconded;
RESOLVED, that the Sangguniang Panlungsod of Tarlac hereby, adopts and approves
the 10-Year Comprehensive Land Use Plan (2011-2020), a copy of which is hereto attached and
made an integral part hereof;
RESOLVED FURTHER, that a copy of this resolution e forwarded to the Hon. Genaro
M. Mendoza, City Mayor, and copies hereof be furnished to the City Planning and Development
Officer, both of this city, and to the Honorable Members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, thru
the Hon. Marcelino ―Bogs‖ Aganon, Vice Governor and Presiding Officer, Province of Tarlac,
for their information and appropriate action.
CARRIED ANANIMOUSLY
Article I
TITLE
SECTION 1. Title of the Ordinance. This Ordinance shall be known as the New Zoning
Ordinance of the City of Makati and shall be referred to as the Ordinance.
Article II
AUTHORITY AND PURPOSE
SECTION 2. Authority. This Ordinance is enacted pursuant to the provisions of the New Local
Government Code, RA 7160 Sections 458 a.2 (7-9) and 447 a.2 (7-9) dated 10 October 1991,
―Authorizing the City/Municipality through the Sangguniang Panglungsod/Bayan to adopt
Zoning Ordinance subject to the provisions of existing laws, ―and in conformity with EO No. 72.
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 192
ENVIRONMENTAL CODE (REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9729)
AN ACT MAINSTREAMING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO GOVERNMENT POLICY

FORMULATIONS, ESTABLISHING THE FRAMEWORK STRATEGY AND PROGRAM
ON CLIMATE CHANGE, CREATING FOR THIS PURPOSE THE CLIMATE CHANGE
COMMISSION, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
SECTION 2 RA 9729. The State has adopted Philippine Agenda 21 framework which espouses
sustainable development, to fulfill human needs while maintaining the quality of the natural
environment for current and future generations.
SECTION 2 RA 9279. As a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change, the State adopts the ultimate objective of the Convention which is the stabilization of
greenhouse gas concentrations.
RA 9729 (THE CLIMATE CHANGE ACT). “Adaptation” refers to the adjustment in natural or
human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which
moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.
3.4.3 Financial Viability and Marketing Viability
In this chapter, the proponent discussed and evaluated the financial aspects for the proposed
project in order to calculate the expenditures for feasible cost estimate.
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 193
Source of Funding
The proposed project ―THE NEW FOLD‖ is a full private development directed by Ayala
Corporation. The following are the organizational and management system of Ayala
Corporation:
Ayala Corporation
Is the publicly listed holding company for the diversified interests of the Ayala Group.
Founded in the Philippines by the Spanish Ayala and Roxas families during the Spanish colonial
rule, it is the country's oldest and largest conglomerate. The company has a portfolio of diverse
business interests, including investments in retail, education, real estate, banking,
telecommunications, water infrastructure, renewable energy, electronics, information technology,
automotive, healthcare, and management and business process outsourcing.
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 194
Organizational Structure/Management of Ayala Land

Management stands as the locus of decision-making for the day-to-day affairs of Ayala. It
establishes the company‘s strategic direction and infrastructure for success.
Ayala Group Management Committee

Ayala is committed to the alignment of its group of companies in core values, vision, and
leadership. The members of the Ayala Group Management Committee work together to ensure
these goals and maintain the synergies and relationships amongst each company.
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THE NEW FOLD 195
Individual profiles may be viewed by clicking on the Management Committee Member's name.
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 196
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 197
Board of Directors
The members of the Board of Directors are given the mandate to protect the best interests
of shareholders and other stakeholders. At Ayala, we are guided by a long-term view to create
and enhance value for our shareholders. As Ayala has been for 175 years, we are motivated by a
commitment to being an economic and social development partner of the broader community we
serve and of the Filipino nation.
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 198
3.4.4 Design Proposal
―The New Fold‖ refers to the design of buildings and spaces (interior, exterior &
outdoor) based on local climate, aimed at providing thermal and visual comfort, making use of
solar energy and other environmental sources. This proposal is one that provides its home owners
comfort, security, energy efficiency (low operating costs) and convenience at all times,
regardless of whether anyone is home. The basic elements of green design are passive solar
systems which are incorporated onto buildings and utilize environmental sources.
The proposed project is located in Capas Tarlac where recommended by Urban Development
Department of Capas, Tarlac which is the best location for creating a residential development.
In a larger scope, the study is promoting the importance and relevance of Green and Bioclimatic
design by its function as development of a community while not harming the environment. In a
place like rural cities, many have notice of what is the difference between urban and rural in
terms of temperature and climate. As urban rises many establishment didn‘t recognize the
important aspects of the environment, so in this beacon of change.
This research will come up on developing a smart house that will provide the users a
convenient ambiance and function as a community where in all needed necessities will be
provided as a whole in one structure. It will promote the Green Architecture, Climate change
resilient, Sustainable development, Bioclimatic and Green Code.
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 199
3.4.5 Development Control

 Total Lot Area (TLA)
TLA = 100 sq. m
 Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF)

(AMBF under Rule VII) = W2 x D2
= 5.00M x 6.00M
= 30 sq. m
 Maximum Allowable Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO)
PSO = AMBF / TLA

TLA
= 30 sq. m / 100 sq. m
= 30% +/- (of TLA)
 Maximum Allowable Impervious Surface Area (ISA)
ISA = Y2 + Y3 + Y4
= 10 + 20 + 10
= 40 sq. m
(40% of TLA)
 Maximum Allowable Construction Area (MACA)
MACA = PSO + ISA
= 30% + 40%
= 70% (of TLA)
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THE NEW FOLD 200
 Minimum Unpaved Surface Area (USA)
USA = Y1
= 30 sq. m
(30% +/- of TLA)
 Open Space within Lot (TOSL)
TOSL = USA + ISA

= 40 sq. m + 30 sq. m
= 70 sq. m.
(70% +/- of TLA)
 Maximum Allowable Gross Floor Area (GFA)
GFA = TLA x FLAR

=100 sq. m. x 1.50
=150 sq. m.
 Maximum Allowable Building Height (BHL)
Number of allowable storeys/floors Meters above highest grade

Above established grade 10.00 m
3
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 201
CHAPTER 4.PROGRAMMING
4.1 BEHAVIOURAL ANALYSIS
Users Profile (MID INCOME/ Professionals, Families, Individual, Employees)
1. Likes a good administration for the building operation
2. Wants a comfortable living for condominium units
3. Wants a comfortable and flexible working area
4. Likes an easy accessible from floor to another floor
5. Prefers a modern and elegant design for exterior and interior elements
6. Likes a safer and secured surroundings for their privacy
7. Likes an easy accessible from the point of arrival to their place of destination
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 202
Occupants
Activity Flow Diagram
The proposed project ―The New Fold‖ is an adoptive prototype housing that composed of
modular spaces same as living room, Dining room, kitchen and Bed rooms.
BEDROOMS
KITCHEN AREA
TOILET
AND BATH
DINING AREA
LIVING AREA
ENTRANCE/PORCH AND
UTILITIES
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 203
The Organizational Chart of Administrative Flow of the Project:
SECRETARY OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
FINANCIAL DIRECTOR FOR DIRECTOR FOR GENERAL OFFICE OF

INSTITUTION OPERATION FINANCE MANAGER THE
GENERAL
COUNSEL
FINANCIAL PROJECT AND ACCOUNTING,
INSTITUTION II IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING AND COMMUNICATION
AND MONITORING BUDGET POLICY AND
HUMAN STRATEGY
ENERGY AND
INFRASTRUCTURE CORPORATE RISK RESOURCES
RECOVERY MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
PROCUREMENT
GENERAL
CONTROLLLERS EXTERNAL
INDUSTRIES,
RELATION
TRANSPORT AND FINANCIAL
INTERNAL
TOURISM ANALYSIS
TREASURY ADMINISTRATIVE AUDIT
SERVICES
ENVIRONMENT
FUNDING COMPLIANCE
SERVICES
AND
OPERATIONAL
INVESTMENT RECORDS AND
RISK
INFORMATIONS
MANAGEMENT
OFFICE
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 204
Environmental-Behavioral Analysis
This diagram shows the needs and wants of the occupants for the project:
Modern
technology
Good Security &

Administration Safety
Comfortable Good
Living OCCUPANTS Circulation
Aesthetic
Good Services
Design
Relaxing
Environmnet
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THE NEW FOLD 205
Interrelationship Analysis
SITE BUBBLE DIAGRAM: 59,877 SQ.MTS.LOT AREAS
Structure
Parks and
Structure playground
Multipurpose
hall and
Ecumenical
church
Structure Structure
ROAD
LEGEND:
NETWORKS
ACCESSIBLE
LIMITED ACCESSIBILITY
ONE WAY ACCESSIBILITY
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 206
BUBBLE DIAGRAM OF THE STRUCTURE:
KITCHEN
AREA
TOILET
AND
BEDROOM BATH
DINING
AREA
LIVING ROOM
LEGEND:
PUBLIC
PRIVATE
ENTRANCE SEMI PRIVATE

OR PORCH
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 207
4.3 & 4.4 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
GROUND FLOOR (Residential)
Space Quality Users No. of Space Approximate Remarks

Function of Space Users Parameter Area plus
per Person 30%
(sq. meter) Circulation
Space (sq.
meter)
ENTRANCE/PORCH
Welcoming Occupants
ambiance 5 5.5 4
LIVING AREA
Comfortable Occupants
& safety, 5 5.5 7.2
elegant
interior
DINING AREA
& safety, 5 5.5 7
elegant
interior
KITCHEN AREA
& safety, 5 5.5 4
elegant
interior
TOILET & BATH
& safety, 5 5.5 2.3
elegant
interior
TERRACE/LANAI
Welcoming Occupants
ambiance 5 5.5 5.5
TOTAL FLOOR AREA 36 SQ. MTS.
Note: This computation is just a preliminary estimate of the proponents.
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THE NEW FOLD 208
GROSS FLOOR AREA:
SINGLE DETACHED
GROSS FLOOR AREA
Floors No. of Floors Area per floor (sq. Total Area (sq.
meter) meter)
Ground Floor 1 36 36
TOTAL NO.OF FLOORS: 1
TOTAL GROSS FLOOR AREA: 36 sq. meter
SINGLE ATTACHED/DUPLEX
GROSS FLOOR AREA

meter) meter)
ROW HOUSE
GROSS FLOOR AREA
meter) meter)
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 209
ALLOWABLE BUILDING HEIGHT:
SINGLE DETACHED
BUILDING HEIGHT
Floors NO. of Floors Height Floor to Total Height
Floor (meter) (meter)
Ground Floor 1 2.70 3.30
Finish Grade Line to Finish Floor Line: 1.20
TOTAL NO. OF FLOORS: 1
TOTAL BUILDING HEIGHT: 4.50 meters
SINGLE ATTACHED/DUPLEX
BUILDING HEIGHT
Ground Floor 1 2.70 3.70
TOTAL BUILDING HEIGHT: 4.90meters
ROW HOUSE
BUILDING HEIGHT
Ground Floor 1 4 4.50
TOTAL BUILDING HEIGHT: 5.70 meters
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 210
CHAPTER 5. SYNTHESIS
5.1 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
-Oscar Niemeyer
Architecture is invention.
5.2 DESIGN GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The study of the proposed project will cater all the possibilities of changing the lack in
concerning the ecological approach in a house and responsive design of the house system in the
country of the Philippines especially in tropical region. It will give the users the ambiance of
being as one with the environment, even in a place of an urban development. The proposed The
New Fold is an example of a house that connects the people within needs and concerning the
green environment in all places that contains the following objectives:
 To combine the need at one place where it can be a haven for urban living
 To lessen the time when it come in construction.
 To be responsible in terms of the climate change we experience.
 To be the First Foldable and Green Sustainable Development in Philippines.
 To introduce new technologies that will help lessen the bad effects of a House in the
environment and within its premises.
5.3DESIGN CONCEPT
The Architecture is acting as tool for all needs in terms of shelter and functionality, in
this study it connect people in the structure but also the environment itself in an all-area. The
proponent used greenhouse approach to attain the necessity of an environment for it to recover
and replenish by putting new techniques and technology in the overall design concept of the
project. The concept of providing Foldable House will not affect the environment and give the
users a comfort. The planning of the house is conceptualized by the environments aerodynamic
flow and sun pattern to provide green and bioclimatic method in the design.
5.4 DESIGN INSPIRATION
The design approach in the structure was inspired in the The haribon the larges eagle
found in the forests of Luzon, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao or Region XII. It is the national bird
of the Philippines. The haribon symbolizes the bravery of the Filipino ancestors. They have a
length or height of 1 meter and weighing from 4 to 7 kilograms. Like other eagles much larger
than the female haribon men. The length of their wings was 2 meters or more. They were eating
monkeys, big snakes, kaguang, large birds such as hornbills and monitor lizards lizard.
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 211
5.5 DESIGN PARAMETERS
 Green Architecture
 Sustainable Design
 Circulation
 Energy Efficiency
 Safety and Security
 Aesthetics
 Resilient to Climate Change
 Accessibility
 Service and Utilities
 Landscaping
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 212
CHAPTER 6. TRANSLATION
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 213
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 214
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 215
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 216
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 217
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 218
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 219
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 220
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 221
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 222
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 223
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 224
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 225
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 226
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 227
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 228
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 229
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 230
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 231
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 232
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 233
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN
THE NEW FOLD 234
BONDOC-DUE-HICBAN

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THE NEW FOLD 1

“An adaptive prototype Settlement for GREEN Development”

1.1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS STUDY

1.1.1 Background of the Study

―Design a thing by considering it in its next larger

context- a chair in a room, a room in a house, a house in a community, a

-Gottlieb Eliel Saarine

centuries past by, Environmental Sustainability rate is dropping.

Housing design nowadays in Philippine are time-consuming and the construction of

grammar through manufacturing models and generative programming, as well as parametric

architecture is the financial position of the family.

materials for the houses.

environmental effect to the specific area of Philippines.

impact on vegetation, in addition to its better-known effect as a heat-trapping greenhouse gas.

This warming is in addition to carbon dioxide's better-known effect as a heat-trapping

systems and technologies, such as passive solar systems.

To be compared against the common and usual way of construction in residential

dwellings, Smart house benefits;

Using less energy to provide the same service

 Passive (Natural) Cooling Systems and Techniques.

the course of a year, or 5 years, those savings add up quickly.

flooring to finished product and then set in place at your jobsite.

performance, environmental impact, energy efficiency and conservation, recycling, impact to

rate a structure and includes the following:

 Energy and Environment

 Sustainable and Responsive Site

 Indoor Environmental Quality

 Water and Waste Water Management

 Climate Change Resiliency

 Construction Organization and Management

 Building Operations and Maintenance Management

with the following features:

Second World War, is located six kilometers from the poblacion.

26‖ latitude and 120‘ 37‖ longitude.

1.1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

atmospheric concentration of Co2.

recent climate change, often referred to as global warming.

United States‘ energy.

to all the light and heat.

earth warmer. Increase percentage 25% increase rate 0.5% yearly.

The intention of sustainability is to "eliminate negative environmental impact completely

through skillful, sensitive design".

Manifestations of sustainable design require renewable resources, impact the environment

minimally, and connect people with the natural environment.

building envelope of the project.

o How to contribute in the environmental global issue which is ―climate change‖ in

the field of architecture and construction industry

o How to use efficiently the natural resources of the country.

o How to promote to the people the new smart house.

Philippines in the construction industry of the country.

o How to apply the material to unite on environment.

o How to minimize the physical effects of environment.

o How to construct the house with an earthquake and flood resistant.

1.1.3 Architectural Thesis Goals /Objectives/Strategies

o An introduction of modern human settlement. Box within a box concept.

o Modern ekistics of spaces through anthropometrics

o Analogy of movement (kinetic) through ergonomics.

o New system of Housing and Human Settlement for future urbanism.

o Introduction to Climate Change Resiliency: GREEEN (Geared for Resiliency and

Energy Efficiency for the Environment)

o New approach of materials and innovative solutions to Earthquake, Climate and

o To educate the proper use of natural resources, renewable and non-renewable

materials and to lessen the negative impact of environment.