Preposition and Tenses

This paper Prepared to Meet Duties Course

ENGLISH
Supporting Lecturer Lina Marlina, M.Pd

Produced By :

31116055 Maria Angelina Sagala

II ACCOUNTING B1/R2

ACCOUNTING STUDIES PROGRAM (S1)

SERANG RAYA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS

YEAR 2017

1
 FOREWORD

All praise and gratitude writer prayed to God, as author of a paper can finish this properly
and on time. Here the author raised a paper with the title "Preposition and Tenses", which
according to the author can provide great benefits for us all.

On this occasion, the author does not forget to thank Mrs. Lecturer Lina Marlina, M.Pd
who have given this matter. Thus, the author can conceive of "Preposition and Tenses".
Hopefully this paper can provide information and useful to readers. The attention and the
opportunity that has been given to make this paper the authors thanks.

Serang, 5 Juni 2017

Author
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD………………………..……………………………..…………..………….. i
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY
1.1 Background ……………………….…………………………….……….…….….1
1.2 Formulation of the problem …………………………..………………...….…..…1
1.3 Purpose..……………………………………………………….…….……...…......1

CHAPTER II
2.1 Preposition………….…………..…………………………..…..................….................2
2.1.1 Types of Prepositions…….……………………………………………………2
2.1.2 Examples of Prepositions………………….………....................................…. 3
2.1.3 List of Prepositions...………..………..…………..…………………………...4

2.2 Prepositional Phrases……………………………………...........................……….……5

2.2.1 Examples of Prepositional Phrases……………………………….….………..6
2.2.2 Prepositional Phrase Exercises……………………………………...…..…….7
2.2.3 List of Prepositional Phrase…………………………….…………………….7

2.3 Preposition of time……………………………………………………...………….……9

2.3.1 Examples of Prepositions of Time……………………..……………….……10

2.4 Preposition of Place…………………………….…………………..…………….……8

2.4.1 Examples of Prepositions of Place……………………...……………………8
2.5 Exercies………………………………………………………………………………….9

2.6 TENSES……………………………………………………………………………………..10
2.6.1 understanding of Tenses
2.6.2 Types of Tenses
 2.7 Simple present tense
2.8 Simple present continuous tense
2.9 Simple present perfect
2.10 Simple present perfect continuous tense
2.11 Simple past tense
2.12 Simple past continuous tense
2.13 Simple past perfect tense
2.14 Simple past perfect continuous tense
2.15 Simple future tense
2.16 Simple future continuous tense
2.17 Simple future perfect tense
2.18 Simple future perfect continuous tense
2.19 Simple past future tense
2.20 Simple past future continuous tense
2.21 Simple past future perfect
2.22 Simple past future perfect continuous tense
3.1 Exercies

CHAPTER III CLOSING

4.1 Conslucsion…………………………………..……………………...…….…….….….12

BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………….…...…………………...…...1
 CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
1.1Background
In the United Kingdom, a preposition (the future of) the nickname of small words.
Seen glimpses of prepositions is just short words are not important, but in fact has a very
important function. While, Tenses is a verb form in English to show time (present, future, or
past) the occurrence of an action or event.

Preposition is always followed by a noun (noun) or pronoun (pronoun). A preposition is a

word that suggests a liaison relationship between the noun that follows him and one of the basic
elements of a sentence, that is subject, verb, object or complement. A noun or pronoun that
follows the preposition is the object of a preposition. Pronouns used in this position is always an
object pronoun, like me, you, him, her, it, us and them. Prepositions plus object called a
preposition phrase (prepositional phrase).

Tenses is a verb-based method used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation or
completeness, of an action or state in relation to the time of speaking.
The concept of tense in English is a method that we use to refer to time - past, present and future.
Many languages use tense to talk about time. Other languages have no concept of tense at all, but
of course they can still talk about time, using different methods

1.2 Formulation of the problem

Based on the background of these problems then we formulate the contents of the paper are as
follows:
- Identify the sense of Preposition
- Identify the types of preposition
- Identify ways to use
- The meaning of tense
- Identify the types of tenses
- Explain formula and example of tenses

1.3 Purpose
Studying and understanding this paper materials namely about preposition and tenses then
expected we can understand the sense, different types, and how to use it. As for any other
purpose the preparation of this paper was to fulfill the course Structur

1
 BAB II

2.1 Preposition

What is a preposition?
A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a
sentence. Prepositions are usually short words, and they are normally placed directly in
front of nouns. In some cases, you’ll find prepositions in front of gerund verbs.

There are two very important rules to remember when using prepositions. Because they are
somewhat vague, learning about prepositions and using them correctly in sentences takes
practice. Because 1:1 translation is often impossible when dealing with propositions, even
the most advanced English students have some difficulty at first.

 The first rule is that certain propositions must be used to make the relationships between
words in a sentence clear. Most prepositions are interchangeable but only to a certain
extent.
 The second rule for using prepositions is that these words must be followed by nouns.

There are more than 100 prepositions in the English language. In addition, there are endless
possibilities for creating prepositional phrases. In the following sections, you will find
examples of prepositions, types of prepositions, a comprehensive list of prepositions, and
some helpful preposition exercises.
As you read the examples and study the list, remember that prepositions usually convey
concepts such as comparison, direction, place, purpose, source possession, and time.

2.1.1 Types of Prepositions

There are three types of prepositions, including time prepositions, place prepositions, and
direction prepositions.
Time prepositions are those such as before, after, during, and until; place
prepositions are those indicating position, such as around, between, and against; and

1
direction prepositions are those indicative of direction, such as across, up, and down. Each
type of preposition is important.

2.1.2 Examples of Prepositions

In the following sentences, examples of prepositions have been italicized. As you read,
consider how using different prepositions or even different types of prepositions in place of
the examples might change the relationship between the rest of the words in the sentence.

I prefer to read in the library.

He climbed up the ladder to get into the attic.
Please sign your name on the dotted line after you read the contract.
Go down the stairs and through the door.
He swam across the pool.
Take your brother with you.

1
2.1.3 List of Prepositions

While there are only about 150 prepositions in the English language, these words are
among the most important. Without them, the sentences we speak, read, and write would be
difficult to understand. The following list of prepositions is not a complete one, however it
is among the most comprehensive lists of prepositions available anywhere.
Aboard Circa Over
About Concerning Past
Above Considering Per
Absent Despite Plus
Across Down Regarding
After During Round
Against Except Save
Along Excepting Since
Alongside Excluding Than
Amid Failing Through
Among Following To
Amongst For Toward
Anti From Towards
Around Given Under
As In Underneath
At Inside Unlike
Before Into Until
Behind Like Up
Below Minus Upon
Beneath Near Versus
Beside Of Via
Besides Off With
Between On Within
Beyond Onto Without
But Opposite Worth
By Outside

1
2.2 Prepositional Phrases

What is a Prepositional Phrase?

Prepositional phrases are groups of words containing prepositions. Remember that
prepositions are words that indicate the relationships between various elements within a
sentence, and you’ll never have difficulty identifying prepositional phrases.
A prepositional phrase is a group of words that lacks either a verb or a subject, and that
functions as a unified part of speech. It normally consists of a preposition and a noun or a
preposition and a pronoun.

Remember the following rules for prepositional phrases and you will find that using them
becomes much easier.
 Prepositional phrases always consist of two basic parts at minimum: the object and the
preposition.
 In formal English, prepositions are almost always followed by objects.
 Adjectives can be placed between the prepositions and objects in prepositional phrases.
 Prepositional phrases can act as adverbs or adjectives. When they are used as adjectives,
they modify nouns and pronouns in the same way single-word adjectives do.
 When prepositional phrases are used as adverbs, they at the same way single-word adverbs
and adverb clauses do, modifying adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs.
Just like bread and cheese are the minimum ingredients for making a cheese sandwich, a
preposition and the object of a preposition are the minimum requirements for forming a
prepositional phrase. The object of a preposition is the name for the noun or pronoun
following the preposition.
Prepositional phrases don’t have to be plain. Just as adding more ingredients to a sandwich
dresses it up, adding more words such as adverbs or adjectives is a good method for spicing
up prepositional phrases. As you read the following examples of prepositional phrases,
you’ll notice that the first sentence in each set contains a basic prepositional phrase, while
the second one contains a more interesting one.

1
 2.2.1 Examples of Prepositional Phrases

The following sentences contain examples of prepositional phrases; the prepositional

phrase in each sentence is italicized for easy identification.
The cupcake with sprinkles is yours.
The cupcake with colorful sprinkles is yours.

We climbed up the hill.

We climbed up the very steep hill.

The rabbits hopped through the garden.

The rabbits hopped through the perfectly manicured garden.

2.2.2 List of Prepositional Phrases

The following is by no means a complete list of prepositional phrases. While there are only
about 150 prepositions in the English language, there are thousands of other words that can make
their way into prepositional phrases. Learn to create a colorful prepositional phrase, and your
writing will be wonderfully appealing.
Down the tree
Up the hill
Around the mulberry bush
Into the woods
With chopped nuts
Near a fast-flowing river
Within the book’s pages
Through the tunnel
In spite of
Instead of
Any more
On account of

1
 2.3 Preposition of Time
A preposition of time is a preposition that allows you to discuss a specific time period such
as a date on the calendar, one of the days of the week, or the actual time something takes place.
Prepositions of time are the same words as prepositions of place, however they are used in a
different way. You can easily distinguish these prepositions, as they always discuss times rather
than places.

 At – This preposition of time is used to discuss clock times, holidays and festivals, and
other very specific time frames including exceptions, such as “at night.”
 In – This preposition of time is used to discuss months, seasons, years, centuries, general
times of day, and longer periods of time such as “in the past.”
 On – This preposition of time is used to discuss certain days of the week or portions of
days of the week, specific dates, and special days such as “on New Year’s Day.”
Prepositions of time allow you to tell your readers when things are taking place. They are
vital parts of speech to use in stories, as well as when writing simple communications,
reports, and other items.

2.3.1 Examples of Prepositions of Time

There may only be three prepositions of time, but the ways in which you can use them are
almost endless. In the following examples, the prepositions of time have been italicized for ease
of identification.
My birthday falls in January.
Birds often migrate in spring and autumn.
My great-grandmother was born in 1906.
Breakfast is a meal which is generally eaten in the morning.
My parents grew up in the 1960s.
My vacation ends on Monday.
We’re going bowling on Friday night.
My brother John was born on September 3rd.
We always have a huge celebration on New Year’s Eve.
Meet me at 7:30.
The town is always well-decorated at Christmastime.

1
 2.4 Preposition of Place
What is a preposition of place?
A preposition of place is a preposition which is used to refer to a place where something or
someone is located. There are only three prepositions of place, however they can be used to
discuss an almost endless number of places.
 At – A preposition of place which is used to discuss a certain point
 In – A preposition of place which is used to discuss an enclosed space
 On – A preposition of time which is used to discuss a surface

Prepositions of place allow you to be very specific when talking about where action takes
place in stories or when discussing important details for communication purposes.

2.4.1 Examples of Prepositions of Place

Prepositions of place give you the ability to tell others where something is located. In the
following examples, the prepositions of place have been italicized for ease of identification.

Jessie waited for Jim at the corner.

The mall is located at the intersection of Main Street and Third Avenue.
We spent a quiet evening at home.
I’m growing tomatoes in my garden.
Marie was born in Paris, France.
I was so tired that I took a nap in the car.
Please place the bouquet on the table.
I really wish you would stop throwing your dirty clothes on the floor.

1
2.5 Exercises
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. The bone was _______ the dog.
A. About
B. For
C. After
D. Considering
Answer: B. The bone was for the dog.
2. We are going on vacation _______ August.
A. On
B. At
C. In
D. Since
Answer: C. We are going on vacation in August.
3. Please put the vase ________ the table.
A. In
B. On
C. For
D. Over
Answer: B. Please put the vase on the table.

4. I received a present ________ Janet.

A. From
B. Of
C. By
D. About
Answer: A. I received a present from Janet.
5. School begins ________ Monday.
A. In
B. On
C. From
D. Since
Answer: B. School begins on Monday.

1
 6. There are lots of birds nesting _____________________.
A. Under the eaves
B. There
C. Now
Answer: A. There are lots of birds nesting under the eaves.
7. After school, the children played tag ________________.
A. At the park
B. Roughly
C. And baseball
Answer: A. After school, the children played tag at the park.

8. Come ___________________ with me.

A. Home
B. Over
C. Into the store
Answer: C. Come into the store with me.

9. __________________ the chair sat mouldering in the attic.

A. Sad to say,
B. For one hundred years
C. Incredibly
Answer: B. For one hundred years the chair sat mouldering in the attic.

10. I gave the children pizza ______________ pancakes for breakfast today.
A. Instead of
B. Because of
C. Any more
Answer: A. I gave the children pizza instead of pancakes for breakfast today.

1
2.6 TENSES
2.6.1 Understanding of Tenses

What is Tenses ?

Tenses is a verb form in English to show time (present, future, or past) the occurrence of an
action or event.

tense (noun): a verb-based method used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation
or completeness, of an action or state in relation to the time of speaking.

The concept of tense in English is a method that we use to refer to time - past, present and
future. Many languages use tense to talk about time. Other languages have no concept of
tense at all, but of course they can still talk about time, using different methods.we talk about
time in English with tense:

 we can also talk about time without using tense (for example, going to is a
special construction to talk about the future, it is not a tense)
 one tense does not always talk about one time (for example, we can use the
present tense, or even the past tense, to talk about the future - see tense and
time for more about this)

We cannot talk of tenses without considering two components of many English tenses: time
and aspect. In simple terms...

Time expresses:

 past - before now

 present - now, or any time that includes now
 future - after now
 Aspect can be:
 progressive - uncompleted action
 perfective - completed action or state

The following table shows how these components work together to create some basic tenses.

Time

past present Future

simple (no aspect) Sang sings will sing

Aspect progressive was singing is singing will be singing

perfective had sung has sung will have sung

1
The progressive aspect produces progressive or "continuous" tenses: past continuous, present
continuous, future continuous.

The perfective aspect produces perfect tenses: past perfect, present perfect, future perfect.

And the two aspects can be combined to produce perfect continuous tenses: past perfect
continuous, present perfect continuous, future perfect continuous.

2.6. Types of Tenses

Tenses is a verb form in English to indicate the time (present, future, or past) of an action or
situation. Tenses divided into 16 tenses, including:

1. Simple present tense

2. Simple present continuous tense
3. Simple present perfect
4. Simple present perfect continuous tense
5. Simple past tense
6. Simple past continuous tense
7. Simple past perfect tense
8. Simple past perfect continuous tense
9. Simple future tense
10. Simple future continuous tense
11. Simple future perfect tense
12. Simple future perfect continuous tense
13. Simple past future tense
14. Simple past future continuous tense
15. Simple past future perfect
16. Simple past future perfect continuous tense

2.6.1.Simple Present Tense

1
Simple present tense is a verb form to express facts, habits, or events that are in the present
moment.

Simple present tense is formed from verb-1 (present tense) or linking verb "be" (is, am, are). What is
verb-1? Verb-1 is an infinitive bare with additional -s or -es for the subject of singular noun (single
noun: Tita, book, car) or third person singular pronoun (singular third person pronoun: she, he, it).

Sentence Formula Example Simple Present Tense

positif S + V-1 She likes eating out

(+) S +/- auxiliary(do/does) + bare infinitive
S + be(am/is/are) The children are naughty.

negatif S + aux. verb(do/does) + not + bare infinitive She doesn’t like eating out
(-) S + be(am/is/are) + not
The children aren’t naughty

interogatif Do/Does + S + bare infinitive Does she like eating out

(?) Be(am/is/are) + S
Are the children naughty

2.6.2.Simple Present Continous Tenses

Present continuous tense or present progressive tense is a verb form used to discuss current
action (present) or future plans. Because it can be used on present or future, this tense is often
accompanied by adverb of time to clarify it.

Present continuous tense is formed with the auxiliary verb "be", in the form of is / am / are -
due to present tense, and present participle (-ing form). Generally present continuous tense
occurs only in the action of dynamic verb, not stative verb . Why so? Because in general only
dynamic verb has a continuous form.

Sentence Formula Example Present Continuous Tense

positif(+) S + be(am/is/are) + V1-ing/pres. The ships are sailing

participle
He is smiling

negatif(-) S + be(am/is/are) + not + V1- The ships are not sailing

ing/pres. Participle
He is not smiling

interogatif(?) be(am/is/are) + S + V1-ing/pres. are the ships sailing

participle?
Is he smiling

2.6.3.Simple Present Perfect

1
Present perfect tense is a verb form used to express an action or situation that has been started
in the past and has been completed at a certain point in time in the past or still continues
today.
Present perfect tense is formed with auxiliary verb "have" or "has", and past participle (verb-
3). Have used for I, you, they, we, while has for he, she, it, and a single third person. While
the past participle can be either irregular or regular verb.

Sentence Formula Example Present Perfect Tense

positif S + aux. verb(have/has) + V-3/past participle I have read

(+)
He has left

negatif S + aux. verb(have/has) + not + V-3/past I have not read

(-) participle
He hasn’t left

interogatif aux. verb(have/has) + S + V-3/past participle Have I read

(?)
Has he left

2.6.4.Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present perfect continuous tense is a verb form used to express completed action at a point in
the past or an action has started in the past and continues till now. The action on the present
perfect continuous tense usually lasts a certain time and is relevant to the present condition.
Present perfect continuous tense is formed with auxiliary verb have or has, been and present
participle (v1-ing). Have used for I, you, they, we, while has for he, she, it, and a single third
person.

Sentence Formula Example Present Perfect Continuous Tense

positif S + have/has + been + V1- She has been driving

(+) ing/present participle
The toddlers have been sleeping

negatif S + have/has + not + been + V1- She has not been driving
(-) ing/present participle
The toddlers haven’t been sleeping

interogatif have/has + S + been + V1- Has she been driving

(?) ing/present participle
Have the toddlers been sleeping

2.6.5.Simple Past Tense

1
Simple past tense is a simple verb form to show that an event occurred in the past. In simple
past tense, the time of the incident (yesterday, last two days, last year) or the period of time
(for two months, for a day, for an hour) can be specified. The simple past tense can also be
used used to form if conditional type2.

Simple Past Tense formula

Simple past tense is formed from verb-2 (past tense) or linking verb "be" (was, were). What
is verb-2? Verb-2 is a bare infinitive with the addition of -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne for regular
verbs or inconsistent forms of irregular verbs.

Sentence Formula Example Simple Past Tense

positif S + Verb-2 (past tense) The teacher came

(+) S + be(was/were)
I was a stamp collector

negatif S + did + not + bare infinitive The teacher didn’t come

(-) S + be(was/were) + not
I wasn’t a stamp collector

interogatif Did + S + bare infinitive Did the teacher come

(?) be(was/were) + S
Was I a stamp collector

2.6.6.Past Continuous Tenses

Past continuous tense or past progressive tense is a verb form used to indicate that an action
is occurring at a certain time in the past. The action has started but not yet completed at that
time.
The Past Continuous Tense Formula

Past continuous tense is formed with auxiliary verb "be", in the form of was / were - due to
past tense, and present participle (-ing form). Was for singular subject (I, she, he, it, and third
person pronoun) and were for plural subject (you, they, we, third person plural).
Past continuous tense generally occurs only in the action of dynamic verb, not stative verb
because in general only dynamic verb has continuous form.

Sentence Formula Example Past Continuous Tense

positif(+) S + be(was/were) + V1-ing/present The team was running

participle
The workers were queuing

negatif(-) S + be(was/were) + not + V1- The team was not running

ing/present participle
The workers weren’t queuing

1
interogatif(?) be(was/were) + S + V1-ing/present Was the team running
participle?
Were the workers queuing

2.6.7. Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect tense is a verb form used to indicate that an action has been completed at a
point in the past before another action takes place. The action that has been completed in the
past can happen repeatedly or only once. In addition, the past perfect tense also Can be used
to form conditional type 3 and reported speech.

Past Perfect Tense Formula

Past perfect tense is formed with auxiliary verb "had", and past participle (verb-3). Had been
used both for singular and plural subject. While past participle can be either irregular or
regular verb.

Sentence Formula Example Past Perfect Tense

positif(+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle My brother had slept

They had come

negatif(-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle My brother hadn’t slept

They hadn’t come

interogatif(?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle Had my brother come

Had they come

2.6.8.Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense is a verb form used to express an action (with a certain duration
of time) has been completed at a certain point in time in the past.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense Formula

Past perfect continuous tense is formed with auxiliary verb had and been and present
participle. In general, the past perfect continuous tense only occurs in the action of dynamic
verb, not stative verb because it is generally only dynamic verb which has a continuous form.

Sentence Formula Example Past Perfect Continuous Tense

positif S + had + been + V1-ing/present Lia had been walking

(+) participle
The labors had been demonstrating

1
negatif S + had + not + been + V1-ing/present Lia had not been walking
(-) participle
The labors hadn’t been demostrating

interogatif had + S + been + V1-ing/present Had Lia been walking

(?) participle
Had the labors been demonstrating

2.6.9.Simple Future Tense

Simple future tense is a verb form that is used to assert that an action occurs in the future,
spontaneously or planned. The simple future tense can also be used to form if conditional
type1.

Simple Future Tense Formula

Simple future tense is formed from "will" or "shall" and bare infinitive (verb) or formed from
auxiliary verb "be" (am, is, are), present participle "going", and infinitive. What is infinitive?
Infinitive is a bare infinitive that begins or does not begin with "to".

Sentence Formula Example Simple Future Tense

positif S + will + bare infinitive You will win

(+) S + be(am/is/are) + going + infinitive
They are going to come

negatif S + will + not + bare infinitive You won’t win

(-) S + be(am/is/are) + not + going + infinitive
They aren’t going to come

interogatif Will + S + bare infinitive Will you win

(?) Be(am/is/are) + S + going + infinitive ?
Are they going to come

2.6.10.Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense or future progressive tense is a verb form used to express the action
that will be happening at a certain time in the future. The action has started but not finished
yet.

1
Future continuous tense is formed with auxiliary verbwill and be, and present participle (-ing
form). In general, continuous tense futures generally only occur in the action of dynamic
verb, not stative verb because generally only dynamic verb that has a continuous form.

Sentence Formula Example Future Continuous

Tense

positif (+) S + will be + V1-ing/present participle He will be sleeping

You and I will be walking

negatif (-) S + will + not + be + V1-ing/present He will not be sleeping

participle
You and I won’t be walking

interogatif Will + S + be + V1-ing/present participle Will he be sleeping

(?)
Will you and I be walking

2.6.11.Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past future perfect continuous tense is a verb form to discuss actions that have been going on
for so long at a certain point in the past. The action on the past future perfect continuous tense
is usually a certain duration.Tense is similar to the future perfect continuous tense, but the
realization of the action on the past future continuous tense is now known.

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense Formula

Past future perfect continuous tense is formed with auxiliary verbs, have, been and present
participle (v1-ing).In general, the past perfect perfect continuous tense only occurs in the
action of dynamic verb, not stative verb because generally only dynamic verb has continuous
form.

Sentence Formula Example Past Future Perfect Continuous

Tense

positif S + would + have + been + V1- I/you/she/he/it would have been driving
(+) ing/present participle
They/we would have been working

negatif S + would + not + have + been + I/you/she/he/it would not have been driving
(-) V1-ing/present participle
They/we would not have been working

interogatif Would + S + have + been + V1- Would I/you/she/he/it have been driving
(?) ing/present participle
Would they/we have been working

1
2.6.12. Past Future Tense
Past future tense or "future in the past" is a verb form to talk about the future from the
perspective of the past. More specifically, this form is used to declare an action to be
performed, either voluntarily or planned, predicting, and making a future appointment while
in the past. Past future tense is often used in reported speech.

Past Future Tense Formula

Past future tense is formed from the capital of "would" and bare infinitive (verb form) or
formed from auxiliary verb "be" (was, were), present participle "going", and infinitive.

What is infinitive?,Infinitive is a "to" + bare infinitive particle.

sentence Formula Example Past Future Tense

positif S + would + bare infinitive He would forgive you.

(+) S + was/were + going to + bare
infinitive Lia was going to give two beautiful scarfs
to her friend.

negatif S + would + not + bare infinitive He wouldn’t forgive you.

(-) S + was/were + not + going to +
bare infinitive Lia wasn’t going to give two beautiful
scarfs to her friend.

interogatif Would + S + bare infinitive? Would he forgive you?

(?) Was/were + S + going to + bare
infinitive ? Was Lia going to give two beautiful scarfs
to her friend?

2.6.13.Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense is a verb form used to express that an activity will be completed at a
point in time in the future.

Future Perfect Tense Formula

Future perfect tense is formed with auxiliary verb will and have, and past participle (verb-3).
Have been used both for singular and plural subjects. While the past participle can be either
irregular or regular verb.

Thus the future perfect tense formula for positive, negative, and interrogative sentences is as
follows.

Sentence Formula Example Future Perfect Tense

positif S + will + have + V-3/past participle The students will have come

1
(+) Meri will have eaten

negatif S + will + not + have + V-3/past participle The students will haven’t come
(-)
Meri won’t have eaten

interogatif will + S + have + V-3/past participle Will the students have come
(?)
Will Meri have eaten

2.6.14.Past Future Continuous Tense

Past future continuous tense is a verb form to discuss what will be done in the future while in
the past. Like future continuous tense, this form is to make plans or predictions and tends to
call a specific time.

Past Future Continuous Tense Formula

Past future continuous tense is formed with auxiliary verbwould or should and be, and
present participle (-ing form). In general, future continuous tense generally occurs only in the
action of dynamic verb, not stative verb because generally only dynamic verb has continuous
form.

Sentence Formula Example Past Future Continuous

Tense

positif S + would/should be + V1-ing/present I/you/she/he/it would be working

participle
(+) They/we would be studying

negatif S + would/should + not + be + V1- I/you/she/he/it wouldn’t be

ing/present participle working
(-)
They/we wouldn’t be studying

interogatif Would/should + S + be + V1-ing/present Would I/you/she/he/it be working

participle
(?) Would they/we be studying

2.6.15.Past Future Perfect Tense

Past future perfect tense is a verb form to discuss activities that will have been done in the
past. This form is commonly used in the main clause of conditional sentence type 3.

Past Future Perfect Tense Formula

1
Past future perfect tense is formed with auxiliary verb would or should and have, and past
participle (verb-3). Have been used both for singular and plural subjects. While the past
participle can be either irregular or regular verb.

Sentence Formula Example Past Future Perfect

Tense

positif S + would/should + have + V-3/past I/you/she/he/it would have

participle worked
(+)
They/we would have been

negatif S + would/should + not + have + V-3/past I/you/she/he/it wouldn’t have

participle worked
(-)
They/we wouldn’t have been

interogatif Would/should + S + have + V-3/past Would I/you/she/he/it have

participle worked
(?)
Would they/we have been

2.6.16.Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past future perfect continuous tense is a verb form to discuss actions that have been going on
for so long at a certain point in the past. The action on the past future perfect continuous tense
usually lasts a certain time. Tense is similar to the future perfect continuous tense, but the
realization of the action on the past future continuous tense is now known.
Formula Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past future perfect continuous tense is formed with auxiliary verbs, have, been and present
participle (v1-ing). In general, the past perfect perfect continuous tense only occurs in the
action of dynamic verb, not stative verb because generally only dynamic verb has continuous
form.

Sentence Formula Example Past Future Perfect Continuous

Tense

positif S + would + have + been + V1- I/you/she/he/it would have been driving
(+) ing/present participle
They/we would have been working

negatif S + would + not + have + been + I/you/she/he/it would not have been driving
(-) V1-ing/present participle
They/we would not have been working

interogatif Would + S + have + been + V1- Would I/you/she/he/it have been driving
(?) ing/present participle
Would they/we have been working

1
2.7 Exercise
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. Lisa ___ to market yesterday.

a. went
b. goes

The answer is A (The word "yesterday" indicates the incident happened in the past so that
the verb used is went.)

2. Vera and Silvia ___ go to school.

a. don’t
b. doesn’t

The answer is A (Subjects in the sentence are plural, so that used is do not, not does not.)

3. She ___ come tonight.

a. would
b. will

The Answer is B (The word "tonight" denotes future.)

4. Tono ___ a glass of milk yesterday.

a. drank
b. drunk

The answer is A (The sentence is a simple past tense, so the verb used is a second form verb.
The right answer option is the drank, which is the second form of the drink. While drunk is
the third form of verbal form of drink.)

5. Yanti had ___ when Rina came.

a. came
b. come

The answer is B (The sentence is a form of past perfect tense. The third form of come still
come.)

1
Change this sentences to negative and intogative sentences

6.I eat meat everyday

7.My mom cooked delicious food last week

8.I will come to your house tonight

9.Dina writes a letter to me

10.Albert is playing a guitar and sing a song

ANSWERS

6. (-) I do not eat meat everyday

(?) do I eat meat everyday ?

7. (-) my mom did not cook delicious food last week

(?) did my mom cook delicious last week?

8. (-) I will not come to your house tonight

(?) will I come to your house tonight ?

9.(-) dina does not writes a letter to me

(?) doess dina writes a letter to me?

10.(-) albert is not playing a guitar and sing a song

(?) is albert playing guitar and sing a song?

1
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion

A preposition is classified as a part of speech in grammer. It denotes the relationship to

some other words in a sentence with are placed before a noun or a pronoun.

Prepositions are always followed by nouns (or pronouns). They are connective words
that show the relationship between the nouns following them and one of the basic sentence
element: subject, verb, object, or complement. They usually indicate relationship, such as
position, place, direction, time, manner, agent, possession, and condition, between their
objects and other parts of the sentence. Prepositional phrase usually provide information
asked for by the question words who, what, where, when, why, how, and how long

A tense is a form taken by a verb to show the time of an action.[1] There are three main
tenses:

1. Present tense: a tense expressing an action that is currently going on or habitually

performed, or a state that currently or generally exists.
2. Past tense: simple verb form to show that an event occurred in the past.
3. Future tense: the verb form you use to talk about things that haven't happened yet or
we can be said in the form of a plan

Tenses is a verb form in English to indicate the time (present, future, or past) of an
action or situation. We can see the difference of each tense with the following table

aspect Simple Continous Perfect Perfect

Continous
periods
Past He worked He was working He had worked
He had been
working
Present He work He is working He was worked He has been
working
Future He will work He will be He will have He will have

1
 working worked been working

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A.Faidal Rahman Ali (2009), Cara Cepat Belajar 16 Tenses. Jakarta: Buku Kita.

Santi, Inez “EMGLISH FOR TEEN 2”, CV Andi Offiset- Yogyakarta 2009.

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/prepositions
https://www.scribd.com.id249147456/makalah-tenses-16-big

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1