1.2.

Parasomias- re abnormal behavioral or psychological events

SLEEP DISORDERS
associated with sleep, specific sleep stages, or sleep- wake transition.

1.2.1. Nightmare DO- repeated occurrence of frightening dreams that

FOUR CATEGORIES OF SLEEP DISORDERS leads to waking from sleep

1. Primary Sleep Disorder- are those not attributed to other 1.2.2. Sleep terror DO- repeated occurrence of abrupt awakenings
cause and include dyssomias and parasomnias from sleep associated with panicky scream or cry.

2. Sleep DO related to another mental DO 1.2.3. Sleepwalking DO- repeated episodes of complex motor behavior
initiated during sleep, including getting out of bed and walking around
3. Sleep DO due to another medical condition

4. Substance- induced sleep DO

SLEEP HYGIENE MEASURES

 Establish a regular schedule for going to bed and arising

1.1 Dyssomias- primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep,
and or excessive sleepiness and are characterized by abnormalities  Avoid sleep deprivation and the desire to catch up
in the amount, quality or timing of sleep.
 Do not eat large meal before bedtime
1.1.1 Primary insomnia- difficulty of initiating or maintaining sleep that
 Avoid daytime naps
lasts for one month and causes significant distress or impairments of
functioning  Exercise daily

1.1.2 Primary hypersomnia- excessive sleepiness for at least one  Minimize or eliminate caffeine and nicotine ingestion
month that involves either prolonged sleep episodes or daily daytime
sleeping that causes significant distress or impairment in functioning  Do not look at the clock while you are lying down

1.1.3. Narcolepsy- excessive sleepiness characterized by repeated  Keep the temperature in the bedroom slightly cool
irresistible sleep attacks, may also experience
 Do not drink alcohol in an attempt to sleep
- catalepsy ( sudden episodes of bilateral, reversible loss of
 Do not use bed for reading, working, watching television,
muscle tone that lasts for seconds to minutes
etc.
- Recurrent intrusions of REM sleep in the sleep- wake
 Writing worry on a piece of paper
transition, manifested by paralysis of the voluntary muscles
or dream- like hallucinations  Soft music, relaxation tapes

1.1.4. Breathing related sleep DO- sleep disruption leading to excessive

sleepiness or, less commonly, insomnia caused by abnormalities in
ventilation during sleep.

- Obstructive sleep apnea (repeated episodes of upper airway

obstruction

- Central sleep apnea ( episodic cessation of ventilation

without airway obstruction

- Central alveolar hypoventilation (hypoventilation resulting

in low arterial oxygen levels

- 1.1.5. Circadian rhythm sleep DO (sleep- wake schedule DO)-

persistent or recurring sleep disorder resulting from altered
functioning of circadian rhythm or a mismatch between
circadian rhythm and external demands

- subtypes:

- delayed sleep phase

- shift work

- unspecified