V
The most common type of eruption is caused by the
OLCANIC
ERUPTION
VOLCANO is a vent in the earth's crust through
which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor and gases
are ejected. A VOLCANO begins to form when
magma, which is hot molten rock from deep within
the earth, rises toward the earth's surface and
collects in magma chambers.
VOLCANIC ERUPTION happen when lava and
gas are discharged from a volcanic vent. The most
common consequences of this are population
movements as large numbers of people are often
forced to flee the moving lava flow. Volcanic
eruptions often cause temporary food shortages
and volcanic ash landslides called Lahar.
The MOST DANGEROUS type of volcanic eruption
is referred to as a 'GLOWING AVALANCHE'. This is
when freshly erupted magma forms hot pyroclastic flow
which have temperatures of up to 1,200 degrees. The
pyroclastic flow is formed from rock fragments
following a volcanic explosion , the flow surges down
the flanks of the volcano at speeds of up to several
hundred kilometers per hour, to distances often up to
10km and occasionally as far as 40 km from the
original disaster site.
WHAT MAKES A VOLCANO
ERUPT?
There are several different causes for a volcano to erupt
which all fundamentally come down to a pressure
change within the volcano which forces the magma to
overflow the chamber it is held in.
Lava can be pushed hundreds
of feet into the air when
volcanoes eruptCredit: Alamy
movement of tectonic plates.
When one is pushed under the other the magma,
sediment and seawater is forced into the chamber
which eventually overflows and the volcano erupts
spewing lava into the sky.
This kind of eruption produces sticky, thick lava at
temperatures from 800 to 1,000C.
The second type of eruption caused by tectonic plates
is when the plates move away from each other allowing
magma to rise and fill the gap, which can cause a
gentle explosion of thin lava of temperatures between
800 to 1,200C.
Decreasing temperatures can cause old magma to
crystallize and sink to the bottom of the chamber and
this movement can force fresh liquid magma up and
out - similar to dropping a brick in a bucket of water.
Finally a decrease in external pressure can trigger an
eruption as it may minimize the volcano's ability to
hold back by increasing the pressures inside the
magma chamber.
This kind of eruption can be caused by natural events
such as typhoons, which decrease rock density, and
glacial melting on the top of the volcano which alters
the molten rock composition.
Glacial melting is believed to be one cause behind the Caldera volcano These volcanoes have a circular
2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland.

basin-shaped appearance and release a thick lava

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES which is between 650 to 800C. After an eruption,
OF VOLCANO? which is normally cause by a pressure build up, the
crust above the chamber collapses inwards. This
A cloud of ash rises over There are three different types of volcano and each creates a depression in the surface and is
Kilauea volcano in Hawaii as it produces and releases a different type of lava: sometimes referred to as a crater, but it is actually
erupted in May 2018Credit: Shield volcano These volcanoes have a flat dome-like a type of sink hole. Caldera Volcanoes are a
AFP or licensors appearance and release lava in a gentle manner that is common type of Super Volcanoes, which have
generally slow and easy for humans and animals to out large eruptions of effecting at least 1,000km3,
run. They produce Basaltic lava, which is the most such as Yellowstone in America. Other caldera
common type found on earth. Shield volcanoes tend to
HOW ARE VOLCANOES erupt frequently but are relatively gentle
volcanoes include Mont Elgon in Uganda/Kenya,
Mount Fogo in Cape Verde, and Mount Meru in
FORMED? eruptions. Kilauea volcano in Hawaii is a shield
volcano. They tend to erupt more frequently and on a
Tanzania.
smaller scale than other volcanoes.
Volcanoes are formed by eruptions of lava and ash
Stratovolcano This type has the classic cone shape
when magma rises through cracks or weak-spots in
associated with volcanoes. These volcanoes produce
the Earth's crust.
A build up of pressure in the earth is released, by
large violent eruptions which often lead to mud-slides REFERENCES
and produce fast moving clouds of hot gas and
things such as a plate movement which forces molten
volcanic matter called pyroclastic flow. https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-
rock to exploded into the air causing a volcanic
Stratovolacnoes produce andesitic magma, which is management/about-disasters/definition-of-
eruption.
molten rock formed at plate boundaries which typically
The lava from the eruption then cools to form a new hazard/volcanic-eruptions/
cools and hardens before spreading too far but can
crust.
reach up to temperatures of 400C. Krakatoa, Vesuvius https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-
Over time, generally several eruptions, the rock builds
and Mount Agung are examples of this type of volcano.
up and forms a volcano. volcano-definition-eruptions.html
https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/6246894/volca
no-formation-erruptions-different-types/

Group 2
Ryza Alvarez
John Raymond Austria
Martha Sophia Pansinsoy
Kleanne Mae Bernas
Christine Mae Reyes
Joshua Del Rosario