Professional Documents
Culture Documents
İçindekiler:
Cevap Kağıdı
Deneme Sınavı
Cevap Anahtarı
Uyarılar:
1. Bu testte 80 soru vardır. Bu sorular için toplam 3 saat (180 dakika)
süre ayrılmıştır.
2. Soru türlerine ait giriş ve çıkış saatleri, sınavın sabah 09:30 - 12:30
arasında uygulanacağı varsayılarak belirlenmiştir. Soru türlerine
giriş ve çıkış saatlerini, sınava başladığınız saati esas alarak
değiştirebilirsiniz.
3. Düzeyinizi tam olarak belirlemek istiyorsanız, sınavı tek bir
oturumda uygulayınız.
4. Soru türleri için önerilen süreleri aşmayınız.
5. Bir soru üzerindeki değerlendirmenizi bitirdikten sonra, o soruya
tekrar dönmeyiniz.
6. Sorularınıza verdiğiniz cevapları daha sonra değiştirmeyiniz.
7. Cevabını iki seçeneğe kadar indirgediğiniz sorularda, size göre
doğru çıkma ihtimali zayıf olan seçeneği işaretleyiniz.
YÖKDİL DENEME SINAVI
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
CEVAP KAĞIDI
A
İNGİLİZCE
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
4. Genetic techniques are used in medicine to ----
1. - 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan and treat inherited human disorders; for example,
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi knowledge of a family history of cancer may
bulunuz. indicate a hereditary tendency to develop this
affliction and help to find the right cure.
A) communicate B) remedy
Başlangıç saati : 09:30
Bitiş saati : 09:48 C) diagnose D) contract
Toplam süre : 18 dakika
E) induce
E) use up
2. Most experts agree that developing a 100% safe 6. Some studies have suggested that women who
method of contraception is as ---- as producing a take more than a year to conceive, even those
car design that is guaranteed to have no defects. who ---- having babies, naturally have a greater
than normal risk of giving birth prematurely or
A) autonomous B) useful
needing a caesarean section.
C) loyal D) respective A) give in B) make out
E) unlikely C) put off D) end up
E) keep off
3. If the Achilles tendon, which is the thickest and 7. During the past 40 years, research ---- to support
most powerful tendon in the body, is cut, the use the hypothesis that physical activity ---- with both
of that leg for running or jumping is lost ----; it cardiovascular health and improved
can no longer perform these actions. psychological functioning.
1
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
8. On long space flights, astronauts’ bones ---- , 11. Free radicals ---- the by-products of certain
much as if they ---- from osteoporosis, at a rate of metabolic functions like eating and breathing,
1-2% per month. and they ---- to accelerate the aging process.
A) thin / were suffering A) are / are known
D) will have thinned / would have suffered D) have been / are knowing
9. When governments finally ---- measures to 12. Scientists estimate that an individual bone has a
control the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory one ---- three per cent lifetime risk of fracture,
Syndrome (SARS) in March 2003, the infection ---- based on data ---- a variety of species.
more than 580 lives in 29 countries.
A) by / of B) for / on
A) had taken / has already cost
C) to / from D) from / over
B) had taken / were already costing
E) of / about
C) were taking / are already costing
10. If the United States Department of Agriculture 13. The great majority of osteoporotic hip fractures
(USDA) ---- all animal and animal product imports in the US occur in adults ---- 50 and result from
from high-risk areas in 2001, the US ---- the same minimal ---- moderate trauma, usually a fall from
consequences of foot-and-mouth disease as the standing height or less.
UK did that year.
A) of / between B) at / through
A) didn’t ban / would suffer
C) towards / up to D) over / to
B) had not banned / would have suffered
E) by / out of
C) weren’t banned / would have been suffered
D) hadn’t been banned / suffered
2
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
14. A survey of 1,449 Finns found that married 17. ---- are moods more under the spotlight than in
people and people living with a partner were 50% our most intimate relationships.
less likely to develop dementia in later life, ----
single or divorced people had three times the A) No sooner B) Neither
risk. C) Not only D) Not once
A) instead B) otherwise E) Nowhere
C) even if D) since
E) whereas
15. ---- certain lifestyle changes can result in weight 18. Chloroform is no longer used as an anaesthetic
loss for some, many obese patients need more for several reasons, the most important of ---- is
efficacious interventions for weight reduction. the relatively high risk of complications,
including possible heart failure.
A) Because B) Although
A) that B) whose
C) When D) If
C) what D) which
E) As long as
E) it
C) Just as D) Although
E) As if
3
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
20.
19. - 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük A) Bearing B) To have been born
ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. C) Having born D) Born
E) To be born
Başlangıç saati : 09:48
Bitiş saati : 09:53
Toplam süre : 5 dakika
21.
A) cited B) enforced
Hans Eysenck was one of the most controversial and
C) collected D) perceived
prolific psychologists (19) ---- the twentieth century.
(20) ---- in Germany, he went to live in Britain in the E) explained
1930s. At the time of his death in 1997, he was one
of the most (21) ---- researchers in psychology, with
hundreds of references made to his work. Eysenck
(22) ---- the notion that there was a biological basis 22.
for personality. (23) ---- his work on the biological
basis has been frequently criticized, it has also been A) set upon B) kept up
increasingly validated by research. C) took on D) got through
E) put forth
23.
19.
A) Even if B) Though
A) of B) to
C) Therefore D) As if
C) at D) on
E) In case
E) among
4
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
26. Once the pollen season starts, ---- .
24. - 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun
A) in most people, allergic conjunctivitis is part of a
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
larger allergy syndrome, such as seasonal
rhinitis
24. When two or more drugs are taken in the same D) people who have severe adverse effects from
time period, ---- . taking drugs should consider allergen
immunotherapy
A) some drugs must be used despite their having a
very narrow margin of safety E) the nose, the roof of the mouth, the back of the
throat, and the eyes start to itch
B) people should also consult their pharmacist
C) they have been enormously beneficial in
relieving suffering
25. While everyone unconsciously uses defence 27. As the foetus grows, ---- .
mechanisms, ---- .
A) the enlarged uterus could be seen at about six
A) some people assume that they can deal with weeks
problems on their own
B) all of these changes are normal in pregnancy
B) treatments differ according to the type of
C) this difference is amplified during pregnancy
personality disorder
D) more blood is sent to the mother’s uterus
C) people with a dependent personality avoid
undertaking responsibilities E) pregnancy would affect virtually all hormones in
the body
D) drug therapy is frequently complicated by misuse
of the drugs or by suicide attempts
5
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
28. ---- , but such tests are rarely needed to make the 30. Usually, acute pericarditis causes fever and chest
diagnosis. pain, ---- .
A) The first symptom of salivary gland infection is A) so that, in most cases, it may be similar to that of
pain when swallowing a heart attack
B) Doctors investigate the possibility of mumps B) which typically extends to the left shoulder and
sometimes down the left arm
C) Laboratory tests can identify the mumps virus
and its antibodies C) just as it tends to be made worse by lying down,
coughing, or even deep breathing
D) Complications can involve organs other than the
salivary glands D) while it has many causes, ranging from viral
infections to life-threatening cancer
E) Mumps can lead to viral inflammation of the
brain E) but it may result as a side effect of certain drugs,
such as anticoagulants and penicillin
29. Although there are different types of cells, ---- . 31. Disorders that affect joints and their
components, such as muscles, bones, and
A) nerve cells conduct electrical impulses tendons, are called ‘connective tissue diseases’
B) skin cells divide and reproduce quickly ---- .
C) white blood cells move freely, unattached to A) when a disease affects a specific tissue or organ
other cells B) since, in rheumatoid arthritis, chronic
D) cells in the lining of the lungs produce mucus inflammation damages the joint’s cartilage
E) most cells have the same components C) in case the symptoms of one disease overlap
with another
6
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
32. The leukaemic tissues reproduce new cells so 34. ---- , the person is said to suffer circulatory
rapidly ---- . shock.
A) whereas common effects in leukaemia are the A) Just as the heart is severely damaged from any
development of infections, severe anaemia, and cause
a tendency to bleeding
B) Even though any factor that interferes with
B) even if the most important effect of leukaemia on venous return can also lead to decreased
the body is the excessive use of metabolic cardiac output
substrates by the growing cancerous cells
C) If ever the cardiac output falls below that level
C) that tremendous demands are made on the body which is required for adequate nutrition of the
fluids for foodstuffs, especially the amino acids tissues
and vitamins
D) So long as the cardiac output fell so low that the
D) while leukaemia is usually characterized by tissues throughout the body began to suffer
greatly increased numbers of abnormal white nutritional deficiency
blood cells in the circulating blood
E) While the cardiac outputs in healthy human
E) unless leukaemic cells are nonfunctional in beings are surprisingly constant
providing the usual protection against infection
associated with white blood cells
33. Normally, the volume of sweat is about 35. ---- , the remaining cells of this type often
100 ml/day, ---- . generate new cells.
A) but in very hot weather or during heavy exercise, A) As most human cells do not maintain large
water loss in sweat occasionally increases to 1-2 stores of carbohydrates
litres/hour B) Although cells are capable of performing their
B) since urine volume can be as low as 0.5 litre/day special functions
in a dehydrated person C) Since the principal substance from which cells
C) because normally a small amount of water (100 extract energy is oxygen
ml/day) is lost in the faeces D) When cells of a particular type are destroyed,
D) whereby water loss in the faeces can increase to due to one cause or another
several litres a day in people with severe E) Because the most abundant substance in most
diarrhoea cells is proteins
E) so long as the maintenance of a relatively
constant volume of the body fluids is essential
for homeostasis
7
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
37. Without treatment, postpartum depression can
36. - 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye weaken critically important bonds between a
anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. mother and her child.
A) Anne ve çocuk arasındaki kritik öneme sahip
bağlar, depresyon tedavisine rağmen doğum
Başlangıç saati : 10:10 sonrasında zayıflayabilmektedir.
Bitiş saati : 10:15
Toplam süre : 5 dakika B) Tedavi edilmediği takdirde, doğum sonrası
depresyonu anne ve çocuğu arasındaki kritik
öneme sahip bağları zayıflatabilir.
36. Each pair of spinal nerves includes one nerve at C) Doğum sonrası depresyonu tedavi edilebilir bir
the front of the spinal cord, which carries durum olmakla birlikte anne ve çocuğu
information from the brain to the muscles, and arasındaki kritik öneme sahip bağları
one nerve at the back, which carries sensory zayıflatabilmektedir.
information to the brain.
D) Anne ve çocuğu arasındaki kritik öneme sahip
A) Her bir spinal sinir çiftinde, biri omuriliğin ön bağlar tedavi edilebilen bir durum olan doğum
tarafında bulunup iletiyi beyinden kaslara sonrası depresyonunun bir sonucudur.
taşıyan, diğeri omuriliğin arka tarafında bulunup
E) Doğum sonrası depresyonunun bir sonucu
duyusal uyarıları beyne taşıyan birer sinir
olarak anne ve çocuğu arasındaki bağların
bulunur.
zayıflaması, aslında tedavi edilebilmektedir.
B) Spinal sinir çiftlerinde bulunan sinirlerden biri
beyinden kaslara bilgi iletimi yapan omuriliğin ön
tarafında bulunurken, omuriliğin arka tarafında 38. Angiography, which involves injecting a
bulunan bir diğeri ise duyusal uyarıları beyne radiopaque substance into an artery, is the most
taşır. invasive of all kidney imaging procedures and is
reserved for special situations, such as when a
C) Spinal sinirlerin her bir çiftinde, omuriliğin iletiyi
doctor must evaluate the blood supply to the
beyinden kaslara taşıyan ön tarafında bir sinir,
kidneys.
duyusal uyarıları beyne taşıyan arka tarafında
ise başka bir sinir vardır. A) Atardamar içine radyopak maddenin enjekte
edilmesiyle gerçekleşen anjiyografi, böbrek
D) Her bir spinal sinir çiftinde, sadece omuriliğin görüntüleme yöntemlerinden en yaygın olanıdır
önünde bulunup iletiyi beyinden kaslara taşıyan ve doktorun böbreklere gelen kan miktarını
bir sinir değil, aynı zamanda omuriliğin görmek istemesi gibi özel durumlar dışında
arkasında bulunup duyusal uyarıları beyne kullanılmaması gerekir.
taşıyan birer sinir bulunur.
B) Bütün böbrek görüntüleme işlemlerinin en yaygın
E) Uyarıları beyinden kaslara taşıyan ve omuriliğin örneklerinden biri olan ve atardamara radyopak
ön kısmında yer alan bir sinirle, duyusal uyarıları madde enjekte etmek anlamına gelen
beyne taşıyan ve omuriliğin arka kısmında anjiyografi, doktor böbreklere ulaşan kan
bulunan sinir bir arada spinal sinir çiftini miktarını görmeyi istemedikçe kullanılmamalıdır.
oluştururlar.
C) Radyopak bir maddenin atardamara enjekte
edilmesi demek olan anjiyografi, bütün böbrek
görüntüleme işlemlerinin içinde en geniş etkinliği
bulunan, ancak doktor gerekli görüp, böbreklere
gelen kan miktarını araştırmak istemedikçe
kullanılması tavsiye edilmeyen bir yöntemdir.
D) Doktorun böbreklere gelen kan oranını görmesi
gereken özel durumlar hariç, kullanılması pek
öngörülmeyen anjiyografi, temelde atardamara
radyopak madde enjekte etme esasına dayanır.
E) Atardamara radyopak madde enjekte etmeyi
içeren anjiyografi, tüm böbrek görüntüleme
işlemleri içinde en yüksek yayılımı sağlayan
yöntemdir ve doktorun böbreklere gelen kan
miktarını değerlendirmesi gerektiği zamanlar gibi
özel durumlarda kullanılır.
8
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
40. Akciğerlerde, oksijen temini ile oksijen
39. - 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye gereksinimi arasındaki normal ve hassas dengeyi
anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. bozan herhangi bir rahatsızlık, kişiyi nefessiz
bırakabilir.
A) A person with a lung disorder becomes short of
Başlangıç saati : 10:15
breath when the normal and delicate balance
Bitiş saati : 10:20
between the supply of oxygen to the lungs and
Toplam süre : 5 dakika
the amount of oxygen required cannot be
maintained.
39. Profesyonel yardım almadan bir idrar kaçırma B) A person will be out of breath if the normal and
sorunu ile birlikte yaşamaya çalışan insanlar delicate balance between the amount of oxygen
problemi doktorlarıyla konuşma konusunda ya supplied and the amount required in the lungs is
sıkılmakta ya da yanlış bir inanışla, idrar not adequately maintained.
kaçırmanın yaşlanma sürecinin normal bir C) When the normal and delicate balance in the
parçası olduğunu düşünmektedirler. lungs between the oxygen supplied and the
A) People who have incontinence problems oxygen required is lost, this can cause a person
mistakenly tend to believe that it is a normal part to be out of breath.
of aging and do not seek professional help, as D) Any disorder in the lungs that upsets the normal
they are embarrassed by it. and delicate balance between oxygen supply
and oxygen requirement can make a person
B) Those who experience incontinence problems
short of breath.
are generally too shy to talk to their doctors
about them and think that this is the normal E) When there is a disorder in the lungs, it upsets
result of aging; therefore, they do not seek the normal and delicate balance between the
professional help and tend to live with the supply of oxygen and the amount required, and
problem. this can make a person short of breath.
C) Because they are too embarrassed to talk to
their doctors about the problem they have,
people tend to live with incontinence, believing 41. Antidepresan kullanımındaki artışın bir nedeni,
that it is a normal part of aging. birçok doktorun normal üzüntüyü daha ciddi
olan, hatta yaşam düzenini bozan klinik
D) Because they believe that it is a normal part of depresyon durumundan ayırt etmemesidir.
aging, people who do not seek professional help
feel embarrassed to talk to their doctors about A) Because many doctors do not differentiate
the incontinence problem they suffer from. between normal sadness and the more serious
and life-threatening condition of clinical
E) People who tend to live with an incontinence depression, the use of antidepressants has
problem without seeking professional help are rapidly increased.
either too embarrassed to discuss the problem
B) Many doctors have regarded normal sadness in
with their doctor or they mistakenly believe that
much the same way as clinical depression,
incontinence is a normal part of aging.
which is actually a life-threatening condition, and
this has given rise to an increase in the use of
antidepressants.
C) One cause of the rise in antidepressant use is
that many doctors do not differentiate between
normal sadness and the more serious, even life-
threatening condition of clinical depression.
D) The increase in the use of antidepressants can
be explained by the fact that many doctors fail to
distinguish between normal sadness and the
more serious and life-threatening condition of
clinical depression, and treat it as such.
E) Most doctors tend to confuse normal sadness
with the more serious and life-threatening
condition of clinical depression, and this has
caused a rise in antidepressant use.
9
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
43. The discovery of three of the four basic blood
42. - 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, groups was made by Karl Landsteiner at Vienna’s
parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için Institute of Pathology in 1901 and 1902. The
getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. fourth group, AB, was discovered by two of
Landsteiner’s colleagues a few years later. The
ability to match the blood types of donor and
Başlangıç saati : 10:20 recipient would greatly reduce the incidence of
Bitiş saati : 10:35 fatalities from transfusion reactions. However,
Toplam süre : 15 dakika this breakthrough was largely ignored for more
than a decade. ---- . Therefore, a large number of
patients continued to experience post-
transfusion fever, chills, kidney pain, bloody
42. People may be obese not because they eat too
urine and death.
much, but because they spend too little energy.
Some obese people are so extraordinarily A) R. Ottenberg, a pathologist and haematologist in
inactive that even when they eat less than lean New York, performed 125 successful
people, they still have an energy surplus. ---- . transfusions without bad reactions by using
Physical activity, then, is a necessary component compatibility testing
of nutritional health.
B) Few physicians considered Landsteiner’s work
A) More than one-third of the overweight population of much importance or even seemed to be
report no physical activity during their leisure aware of it
time
C) Of all the problems facing physicians, blood’s
B) Weight-loss advice does not apply equally to all ability to coagulate or to clot was the greatest
overweight people, since some people may risk
more in the process of losing weight than in D) In essence, O. H. Robertson, a physician in the
remaining overweight US Army, set up the world’s first system of blood
banking
C) Modest weight loss, even if a person is still
overweight, can reduce the risks of heart E) In the 1880s, the European medical community
disease by lowering blood pressure and blood lost its enthusiasm for blood transfusions after
cholesterol performing hundreds of unsuccessful trials
E) An estimated 30-40% of all US women are trying 44. The development of effective anti-retrovirals has
to lose weight at any given time, and spending transformed AIDS into two diseases: one for the
up to $40 billion each year to do so rich and quite a different one for the poor. ---- .
So, they can think of their illness as a chronic
condition with which they may live for decades.
The incidence of new cases has also dropped
significantly. By contrast, in much of the
developing world, HIV infection is still largely a
near-term death sentence, and the far greater
incidence is only just beginning to level off.
A) In the developed world, people with HIV have
access to health care
10
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
45. Mothers around the world are getting older. In the
UK, the mean age for having a first child is 27.3, 47. - 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş
compared with 23.7 in 1970. Mean age at first bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi
birth in the US has also increased, rising from bulunuz.
21.4 in 1970 to 24.9 in 2000. ---- . Studies by the
US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
found that the risk of a child being obese Başlangıç saati : 10:35
increases by about 14% for every five extra years Bitiş saati : 10:45
of the mother’s age. Toplam süre : 10 dakika
A) In the US, in 2004, the percentage of women in 47. Alice :
their 40s who had one child was 17.4 - Why does tuberculosis have a higher
B) Researchers also found that first-born offspring incidence among the poor?
have more fat than their younger siblings
Glenn :
C) In 1964, the British woman gave birth to an - ----
average of 2.95 children
Alice :
D) According to recent studies, having an older - Could you give an example?
mother seems to be an independent risk factor
for obesity Glenn :
- Well, the fact that many poor people don’t have
E) This combination of older mothers and more access to adequate health care, and that they
single children could be contributing to the live in very crowded conditions.
obesity epidemic
A) There’s only one reason that I know of.
E) In this sense, embarrassment can be regarded D) Are you travelling to any small villages? You will
as a social counterpart to physical pain be at greater risk if you are.
11
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
49. Vicki : 51. Phil :
- I’ve just eaten a large meal, and I’m already - It seems that there are some new techniques
hungry again! in in-vitro fertilization for predicting which
embryos are more likely to survive after
Bryan : implantation in the womb.
- ----
Peggy :
Vicki : - Then that should increase the success rates
- I had soup and bread, and a baked potato with for IVF.
vegetables.
Phil :
Bryan : - ----
- You’re hungry again because you ate mostly
carbohydrates. Your body has already used the Peggy :
energy from your meal and is looking for more - That’s a good thing, because carrying more
energy. than one foetus at the same time can be a
health risk for the mother.
A) Are you feeling angry about something? That
always makes me feel hungry! A) Doctors are currently only able to analyze early
embryos for possible genetic problems, not for
B) How long ago did you have lunch? overall health.
C) You’re eating far too quickly. B) One of the techniques measures the oxygen-
D) What did you eat for lunch? depletion levels in the air directly above the
developing egg or embryo.
E) What’s your favourite meal?
C) Yes, and it may also eliminate the need for
multiple implants, which often result in multiple
births.
Diane :
- ----
Carrie :
- Well, the device could be controlled remotely
by a doctor to protect the patient from
overdosing or missing a dose of his or her
medication.
Diane :
- Oh, I hadn’t thought of that. What a good idea!
A) Why would a person need something like that?
B) Have tests been performed with the device?
12
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
54. (I) The eyeball is divided into two segments, each
52. - 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla filled with fluid. (II) The front segment extends from
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü the cornea to the lens. (III) The back segment
bozan cümleyi bulunuz. extends from the back edges of the lens to the
retina. (IV) Both the front and back segments are
filled with the fluids that help the eyeball maintain its
Başlangıç saati : 10:45 shape. (V) In fact, tears are rich in antibodies that
Bitiş saati : 10:55 help prevent infection.
Toplam süre : 10 dakika A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
53. (I) Parasitic infections are common in rural Africa, 56. (I) A large proportion of the gallbladder’s store of bile
Asia and South America. (II) However, they are rare salts is released into the small intestine. (II) Then,
in developed countries. (III) But people from 90% of the bile salts are reabsorbed into the
developed countries who visit developing countries bloodstream through the wall of the lower small
can very easily be infected by parasites. (IV) Those intestine. (III) Gallstones are more common in
parasites that infect the intestine may stay there or women and in certain specific groups of people.
may burrow through the intestinal wall and infect (IV) The liver then extracts the bile salts from the
other organs. (V) So, unknowingly, they return home blood and resecretes them back into the bile. (V) The
with the infection, which may not be readily bile salts in the body go through this cycle about 10-
diagnosed, because it is so uncommon. 12 times a day.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
13
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
58. According to the passage, when we hold our
57. - 80. sorular breath, ---- .
A) we show we have some conscious control over
our breathing
Başlangıç saati : 11:00
Bitiş saati : 12:00 B) the automatic breathing control centres in the
Toplam süre : 60 dakika brain begin to work much faster
C) the rate of gas exchange through the respiratory
Her bir metin ve buna ait 4 soruyu system increases rapidly
cevaplamak için toplam 10 dakika ayırınız.
D) the movements of the diaphragm and rib
muscles get out of control
57. - 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız. E) the number of signals from the medulla to the
respiratory system begins to increase
57. It is clear from the passage that the pons and the 60. The passage explains in a relatively detailed way
medulla ---- . ---- .
A) are mainly responsible for the efficient A) how breathing is regulated by the automatic
performance of the circulatory system control centres in the brain
B) perform functions that are interrelated and B) the functions of the diaphragm and rib muscles
complementary
C) the side effects that the conscious control of
C) work together to ensure motor coordination breath causes
D) hardly have any effect on our breathing rate and D) why the pons and the medulla cannot have a
movements coordinated function
E) have no effect upon the circulatory system E) why our breathing movements vary from 10 to 14
inhalations per minute
14
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
62. As pointed out in the passage, the structure of a
61. - 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre disk ---- .
cevaplayınız.
A) is standard, so everyone is equally likely to
develop a ruptured disk
The vertebrae of the spinal column are separated B) is so complicated that all injuries to it require
by disks made of cartilage. Each disk has a urgent medical attention
strong outer layer and a softer inner part that
C) is so strong that it is rarely damaged except in
acts as a shock absorber to cushion the
extraordinary conditions
vertebrae during movement. If the disk
degenerates, for example following an injury or D) can be extremely fragile, but regular exercise
with aging, the inner part of the disk can bulge or can help increase strength
rupture through the outer layer. The ruptured
inner part of the disk can compress or irritate a E) consists of two parts, and it is the inner part that
nerve root and may even injure it. Most ruptured enables the vertebrae to move comfortably
disks are in the lower back and usually affect
only one leg. Such a rupture can cause pain not
only in the lower back but also down the sciatic
nerve, which runs from the spinal column to the
buttocks, leg, and heel. Ruptured disks in the
lower back can also cause leg weakness, and a
person may especially have difficulty lifting the 63. According to the passage, a disk rupture in the
front part of the foot. A ruptured disk that is very lower back ---- .
large and centrally located in the spinal column A) leads to unusual defecation or urination,
can affect nerves that regulate bowel and bladder especially among the aged
function, impairing the ability to defecate or
urinate and making urgent medical attention B) can affect the sciatic nerve and cause pain down
necessary. the length of it
61. It is clear from the passage that a ruptured disk 64. It is clear that the passage ---- .
---- .
A) is solely concerned with the problems arising
A) is a serious problem commonly faced by most from the spinal column and emphasizes the
elderly people need for urgent medical attention
B) should be suspected when movement in both B) gives a full account of how the disks in the lower
the legs becomes limited back function, and explains their inner structure
C) can easily be treated if it is diagnosed early C) describes not only the structure of a disk in the
enough spinal column but also the harmful
consequences of a ruptured disk
D) can have various adverse effects, depending on
its position and severity D) deals in great detail with the question of how the
degeneration of disks in the spinal column can
E) regularly has an adverse effect on the whole of
be prevented
the spinal column
E) is largely concerned with the functions of the
sciatic nerve
15
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
66. It is clear from the passage that, in order to
65. - 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre increase the mass and density of bones, ---- .
cevaplayınız.
A) after the age of 40, everyday stresses must be
avoided, and foods that are rich in calcium
should be favoured
A low calcium intake during the growing years
limits the bones’ ability to achieve an optimal B) the increased consumption of calcium-rich foods
mass and density. Most people achieve a peak should only be tried after other strategies have
bone mass by about age 30, and dense bones failed
protect against age-related bone loss and
C) one must be aware of the fact that the level of
fracture. Starting before the age of 40, all adults
the calcium intake after age 40 always needs to
lose bone as they grow older. When bone loss
be doubled
reaches the point at which bones fracture under
common, everyday stresses, the condition is D) it is essential that one must have a high calcium
known as osteoporosis. Today, worldwide, this is intake during the growing years
one of the most prevalent diseases of aging. For
instance, in the US, it afflicts more than 25 E) the elderly in particular should not rely on the
million people, mostly older women. Unlike many consumption of calcium-rich foods
diseases that make themselves known through
symptoms such as pain, shortness of breath,
skin lesions, tiredness, and the like, 67. In the passage, osteoporosis is ---- .
osteoporosis is silent. The body sends no signals
saying bone loss is occurring. Blood samples A) referred to as a disease which results from the
offer no clues because blood calcium remains bones’ failure to achieve an optimal mass and
normal regardless of bone content, and density
measures of bone density are rarely taken.
B) defined as the condition when bones become
However, there are various strategies to protect
very fragile even under ordinary everyday
against bone loss, and eating calcium-rich foods
stresses
is only one of them.
C) shown to be a disease which is far more
prevalent in the US than the rest of the world
D) discussed in detail with reference to its common
symptoms as well as its prevalence among
people under age 40
65. It is pointed out in the passage that the 68. It is implied in the passage that bone density ---- .
development of osteoporosis ---- . A) is one way of finding out about osteoporosis, but
A) cannot be detected right away, since it is a it is not often that people have their bone density
disease that gives out no symptoms measured
B) is common among adults under the age of 40, B) reaches its peak by about age 30 and remains
because their intake of calcium is usually very so until at least age 40
low C) is best measured during the growing years,
C) in the US, especially among the elderly, has although most people are unaware of the
been very alarming in recent years importance of doing so
D) cannot be checked by the consumption of D) can also be understood through the level of
calcium-rich foods calcium in the blood, which is on the whole
stable
E) can be traced through blood samples
E) remains normal well into middle age, so young
people never suffer from it
16
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
70. We learn from the passage that TMS ---- .
69. - 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
A) is only used as a last resort
cevaplayınız.
B) has been used with promising results in the
treatment of migraine and Parkinson’s disease
Josh Villa was 26 and driving home with a friend
C) has, until recently, been employed exclusively in
when his car mounted the kerb and flipped over.
the treatment of mental disorders
Villa was thrown through the windscreen,
suffered massive head injuries and fell into a D) is likely to produce unpleasant side-effects
coma. Almost a year later, there was still little
sign of improvement. He would open his eyes, E) has not proved to be as effective a treatment as
but he was not responsive to any external stimuli was once hoped
in his environment. He was then enrolled in a six-
week study in which an electromagnetic coil was
held over the front of his head to stimulate the
underlying brain tissue. Such transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been
investigated as a way of treating migraine,
stroke, Parkinson’s disease and depression, with
some promising results, but this is the first time 71. It is clear from the passage that TMS was used
it has been used as a potential therapy for on this patient ---- .
someone in a coma-like state. Certain
improvements were observed; for instance, he A) with remarkable success
began to say single words. The case has been
described as “intriguing,” but it has also given B) because it was known to have brought people
rise to a lot of cautionary warning. out of a coma-like state
C) with a view to stimulating brain tissue
69. The case study is about Josh Villa, who ---- . 72. According to the passage, the case study in
question ---- .
A) made a startling recovery from a stroke after
TMS treatment A) is interesting but not conclusive
B) remained in a coma for nearly a year but B) can be regarded as a real breakthrough
recovered following TMS treatment
C) has aroused no interest whatsoever in the
C) experienced a comparatively minor car accident medical world
which resulted in a coma
D) concludes that this particular patient could not
D) was receiving TMS treatment for chronic respond to any treatment
migraines
E) confirms the effectiveness of magnetic
E) , a year after his car crash, was still unable to stimulation in the treatment of coma
respond to any external stimuli
17
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
74. One understands from the passage that the rise
73. - 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre of insulin in the body ---- .
cevaplayınız.
A) increases the level of glucose in the blood,
which is controlled by epinephrine
Muscles can obtain the carbohydrate they need, B) reaches its highest level when the glucose in the
not only from glycogen stores but also from blood becomes adequate
sugar taken during activity, which elevates blood
C) causes exhaustion, and therefore exhausting
glucose and enhances endurance. Normally,
endurance activities must be avoided
insulin stimulates all the tissues of the body to
drain glucose from the blood and store it; D) is related to the amount of glucose entering the
however, this is exactly the opposite of what is blood
needed for performance. During physical activity,
the body’s release of the hormone epinephrine E) not only reduces glycogen but also slows down
keeps insulin from rising in response to glucose physical activity
entering the blood. Physical activity also
enhances muscle sensitivity to insulin so that the
muscles become the primary recipient of blood
glucose. Consuming sugar is especially useful
during exhausting endurance activities lasting
more than an hour. Endurance athletes often run
short of glucose by the end of competitive 75. It is suggested in the passage that, during an
events, and they are wise to take light exhausting endurance competition, athletes ---- .
carbohydrate snacks or drinks periodically A) often have to combat rising glycogen levels
during activity. During the last stages of an
endurance competition, when glycogen is B) lose their muscle sensitivity to insulin
running low, glucose consumed during the event
C) need a regular supply of glucose
can make its way slowly from the digestive tract
to the muscles and increase the body’s supply of D) should avoid consuming any carbohydrate-rich
glucose enough to prevent exhaustion. food and drink
E) are adversely affected by the release of
epinephrine
73. It is clear from the passage that, during 76. It is clear from the passage that, during
prolonged physical activity, ---- . endurance activities, the digestive tract ---- .
A) light carbohydrate snacks and drinks are not A) should remain empty
advised as these would interfere with the
B) plays an important role in the supply of glucose
passage of glucose to the muscles
to the muscles
B) the body’s glycogen stores are so activated that
C) is important for the removal of glucose from the
there is no need for extra carbohydrate supplies
blood
C) insulin stimulates all the tissues of the body to
D) receives the hormone epinephrine when it is
drain glucose from the blood
released
D) the consumption of sugar must be avoided so
E) is relatively inactive
that the body’s supply of glucose can be
maintained to prevent exhaustion
18
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
A
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
79. It is stated in the passage that the heart receives
77. - 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre more blood ---- .
cevaplayınız.
A) if the duration of exercise is kept short to prevent
any muscular damage
Fitness is determined more by the intensity of B) during exercise even though there is no increase
exercise than the duration. Workouts should be at all in heart rate
energetic enough that the muscles are somewhat
C) when the skeletal muscles alternately contract
sore the next day but fully recovered the day after
and relax
that. To strengthen the heart, exercise must be
performed at an intensity that increases heart D) because the veins near the skeletal muscles
rate at least 20 beats above the resting heart rate. contract a great deal
The harder a person exercises, the faster the
heart beats and the stronger the heart muscle E) so long as the heart muscle is kept strong
becomes. Heart rate is determined by how hard through exercise
the skeletal muscles contract. When a person
starts to exercise, the skeletal muscles contract
and squeeze the veins near them, forcing blood
towards the heart. When the skeletal muscles 80. It is made clear in the passage that exercise ---- .
relax, these veins fill with blood. The alternating
contraction and relaxation of the skeletal A) involving hard workouts consequently
muscles serve as a second heart, pumping extra undermines physical fitness
blood to the heart. The increased blood flow
B) should not increase the resting heart rate by
causes the heart to beat faster and more
more than 20 beats
forcefully. So the harder the skeletal muscles
contract, the faster the heart beats. C) is very harmful to the veins and must therefore
be avoided
D) increases the contraction of the muscles and
77. According to the passage, exercise to make the
can thus be very harmful
heart muscle stronger ---- .
E) should not be so intense that it leaves muscles
A) should aim to increase the heart rate
sore for more than a day
B) should avoid increasing muscle contraction
C) will cause a reduction in the flow of blood to the
heart
E) avoids hard workouts that make the muscles • Kalan 30 dakika sürenin 15 dakikasını hiç
sore bakamadığınız sorular için kullanabilirsiniz. Daha
önce üzerinde uğraştığınız sorulara tekrar geri
dönmeyiniz.
78. As pointed out in the passage, it is ---- . • Son 15 dakikalık süreyi asla soru çözerek
geçirmeyiniz. Bu süre zarfında seçeneklerinizi
A) impossible to do too much exercise sayınız ve boş bıraktığınız soruları, cevap
kağıdınızda sayıca en az çıkan seçeneğe göre
B) the relaxation of the skeletal muscles that affects
işaretleyiniz.
the resting heart rate
19
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
YÖKDİL DENEME SINAVI
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
CEVAP ANAHTARI
YÖKDİL DENEME SINAVI
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
YABANCI KELİMELER
1
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 4 - 6 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
powerful = güçlü, etkili, yetkili, effective, strong, zıt induce = neden olmak, sevk etmek, cause, activate
anl.= weak
Soru 5
jump = atlamak, zıplamak, sıçramak
artificial = yapay, suni, zıt anl.= natural
no longer = artık / daha fazla bir durumun olmaması,
artık değil, no more sweetener = tatlandırıcı (özellikle şeker hastalarının
şeker yerine kullandıkları aspartam vb. madde)
perform = yapmak, yerine getirmek, uygulamak,
(mücadele, uğraş vs.) vermek, gerçekleştirmek, permit = izin vermek, ruhsat / yetki vermek, imkan
başarmak, do, accomplish, fulfil, implement, carry vermek, (bir şey için) elverişli olmak, allow, zıt anl.=
out, function, actualise, zıt anl.= fail ban, forbid
permanently = kalıcı, daimi, sürekli olarak, for good, intake = herhangi bir maddenin vücuda girişi, (içeri)
zıt anl.= temporarily alım, (yeme içme vasıtasıyla) alınan (şey),
consumption
fairly = oldukça, somewhat, quite, zıt anl.= extremely
delicious = lezzetli, leziz, enfes, nefis, delightful, zıt
scarcely = nadiren, güçlükle, çok az, barely, hardly,
anl.= disgusting, revolting
zıt anl.= enough, sufficiently
taste = tat, lezzet
initially = önce, başlangıçta, at first, originally, zıt
anl.= finally beverage = (alkolsüz) içecek, soft drink
partially = kısmen, partly, zıt anl.= completely get over = (hastalık, zorluk vs.) atlatmak, savmak,
üstesinden gelmek, recover from, defeat, overcome,
Soru 4 zıt anl.= retreat, surrender
medicine = 1) tıp bilimi; 2) ilaç keep down = düşük düzeyde tutmak, restrain,
restrict, zıt anl.= encourage
treat = 1) davranmak, muamele etmek, behave, act;
2) tedavi etmek, iyileştirmek, cure lose out = başarısız olmak, fail, zıt anl.= succeed,
(Theatres are losing out to television. = Tiyatrolar
inherited = kalıtsal, irsi, congenital, ancestral,
televizyona yeniliyorlar.)
hereditary
put into = 1) (birinin sorumluluğunu biri)’ne vermek,
knowledge = bilgi, malumat
(After the death of his parents, the boy was put into
family history = aile hikayesi / öyküsü (1. mevcut bir the care of his aunt. = Anne ve babasının ölümünden
hastalık veya bozukluğun, hastanın ailesi ve sonra, çocuğun sorumluluğu (velayeti) teyzesine
akrabalarıyla ilişkisini araştırılabilmek için hekim verildi.) 2) (bir şey)’e yatırım yapmak, (bir işe zaman,
tarafından alınan bilgilerin tümü; 2. bir hastalığın, para vs.) koymak
ailenin başka üyelerinde görülme durumu)
use up = kullanarak azaltmak, bitirmek, tüketmek,
indicate = işaret etmek, göstermek, point to, denote deplete, run through
hereditary = kalıtsal, ırsi, congenital, ancestral,
Soru 6
inherited
conceive = gebe kalmak, get pregnant
tendency = eğilim, inclination
naturally = doğal olarak, elbette, haliyle, of course
affliction = ağrı, acı, hastalık, rahatsızlık, pain,
suffering, distress give birth = doğum yapmak
cure = şifa, tedavi, çare, ilaç, remedy, relief prematurely = zamansızca, vakitsizce, early, untimely
communicate = haberleşmek, iletişim kurmak, be in caesarean section = sezaryen ameliyatı (ilk kez
touch Romalı İmparator Jül Sezar’ın doğumunda
kullanıldığına inanılan, karın duvarı yoluyla rahime
remedy = çaresini bulmak, düzeltmek, cure, treat,
kesi yapılarak bebeğin doğurtulması)
restore
give in = yenilmek, teslim olmak, surrender,
diagnose = teşhis etmek / edilmek, tanı koy(ul)mak
succumb, submit, zıt anl.= conquer, resist
contract = (hastalığa) yakalanmak / tutulmak, catch
2
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 7 - 11 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
3
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 12 - 16 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
4
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 17 - 22 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
5
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 24 - 26 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
6
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 27 - 30 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
7
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 31 - 32 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
that = (A seçeneğinde the pain yerine kullanılmış rheumatoid arthritis = romatoid artrit (genellikle el
olan zamir) parmakları, el ve ayak bilekleri, ayak, kalça ve omuz
eklemlerinde görülen ve şekil bozukluklarına yol
heart attack = kalp krizi
açan eklem iltihabı)
typically = tipik / karakteristik olarak, genellikle,
chronic inflammation = kronik iltihap (uzun süredir
characteristically
devam eden iltihaplanma)
extend = yay(ıl)mak, genişle(t)mek, uza(t)mak,
damage = zarar / hasar vermek, bozmak, harm
sürmek, prolong, protrude, zıt anl.= shorten
cartilage = kıkırdak (kollajen liflerden zengin ara
shoulder = omuz
maddeden oluşmuş esnek kıvamdaki doku)
just as = 1) (zaman bağlacı) tam (bir şey oluyor)
overlap = çakışmak, üst üste bindirmek / binmek /
iken, while, when, (The school building collapsed just
gelmek, intersect
as the school-children were leaving. = Okul binası
tam çocuklar çıkarken çökmüş.); 2) (benzetme structure = yapı, düzen, plan, construction
bağlacı) olduğu gibi ..., nasıl oluyorsa..., (Just as we
contain = 1) kapsamak, içermek, include, zıt anl.=
are frightened of mice, they are scared of us. = Biz
exclude, leave out; 2) kontrol altına almak, kontrol
nasıl farelerden ürküyorsak, onlar da bizden
altında tutmak, control, zıt anl.= spread, (Our priority
korkuyorlar.)
is to contain the spread of this fatal disease. =
tend (to) = eğiliminde olmak, be disposed (to), be Önceliğimiz bu ölümcül hastalığın yayılmasını kontrol
likely (to) altına almaktır.)
lie down = uzanmak, yatmak, kestirmek amount = miktar, quantity
cough = öksürmek unusual = alışılmadık, tuhaf, ender, olağandışı,
uncommon, strange, zıt anl.= familiar, normal, usual
deep breathing = derin nefes alma
detect = ortaya çıkarmak, bulmak, fark etmek,
range (from ... to ...) = (bir şey ile) (başka bir şey
keşfetmek, discover, identify, find, notice
arasında) değişmek, vary (between ... and ...)
measure = ölçmek, ölçüsü / değeri … olmak, ...
viral infection = viral infeksiyon (virüsün neden
olarak ölçülmek, sayıya dökmek, calculate
olduğu infeksiyon)
life-threatening = hayatı tehdit eden Soru 32
side effect = yan etki, adverse effect, fallout leukaemic = lösemili (kan kanserli), lösemi ile ilgili
anticoagulant = antikoagülan (kanın pıhtılaşmasını rapidly = hızla, çabucak, quickly, fast, zıt anl.= slowly
önleyen veya geciktiren ilaç)
common = yaygın, olagelen, prevalent, current,
penicillin = penisilin (bazı mantar türlerinden ya da widespread, zıt anl.= rare, uncommon
sentetik olarak elde edilebilen antibiyotik)
leukaemia = lösemi, kan kanseri (kanı yapan
dokularda habis neoplazma oluşması ve anormal
Soru 31
lökosit artışı ile belirgin, belli başlı dört kanser
joint = eklem tipinden biri)
muscle = kas development = (hastalık, belirti vs. için) ortaya çıkma,
başlama, ilerleme, gelişme, advancement, zıt anl.=
tendon = tendon (kemiği kasa bağlayan bağ
regress
dokusu)
anaemia = anemi, kansızlık
connective tissue diseases = bağ dokusu
hastalıkları (bağ dokusu ve kan damarlarında iltihabi tendency = eğilim, inclination
değişiklikler ve fibrinoid birikimi ile belirgin, sebebi
bleeding = kanama
bilinmeyen bir grup hastalık)
excessive = aşırı miktarda, fazla, too much,
tissue = doku
redundant, zıt anl.= moderate, reasonable
8
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 33 - 34 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
9
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 35 - 43 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
nutritional deficiency = beslenme yetersizliği report = bildirmek, bilgi vermek, rapor etmek
surprisingly = şaşırtıcı bir şekilde, intriguingly leisure time = boş zaman
advice = öğüt, tavsiye, nasihat, suggestion, proposal
Soru 35
apply to = 1) (bir şey ya da bir kimse için) geçerli /
remaining = geride / geriye kalan
uygun olmak; 2) (bir şey)’i içermek / kapsamak /
generate = üretmek, yaratmak, produce, yield, ilgilendirmek
render, engender
risk = riske / tehlikeye atmak / sokmak, jeopardise
maintain = sağlamak, temin etmek, provide
process = süreç, procedure, progression
store = stok, depo
remain = değişmeden kalmak, durumunu korumak,
carbohydrate = karbonhidrat (vücudun başlıca stay, zıt anl.= vary
enerji kaynağını oluşturan ve karbon, hidrojen ve
modest = sınırlı, ölçülü, orta derecede, moderate, zıt
oksijenden oluşan bir organik bileşik)
anl.= excessive
capable (of) = (bir şey)’i yapabilir / yapmaya gücü
reduce = azal(t)mak, cut down, diminish, decrease,
yeter, muktedir, able (to), zıt anl.= incapable (of),
lower, zıt anl.= increase
unable (to)
heart disease = kalp rahatsızlığı
function = fonksiyon, işlev, role
lower = azaltmak, düşürmek, decrease, reduce, zıt
principal = başlıca, en önemli, ana, esas, main,
anl.= increase
major
blood pressure = kan basıncı, tansiyon
substance = madde, material, entity
blood cholesterol = kan kolesterolu (karaciğer
extract = elde etmek, çekmek, çekip çıkarmak, draw
tarafından sentezlenen, en çok insan ve hayvan
out
dokularında bulunan ve vücuda hayvansal besin
destroy = yok etmek, ortadan kaldırmak, demolish, maddeleriyle giren steroid)
exterminate, wipe out, zıt anl.= preserve, restore,
further = daha fazla, (mevcut olana) ek / ilave, daha
construct
da, ayrıca, daha öteye / ötede, more
due to = nedeniyle, because of, owing to, on account
threaten = tehdit etmek, gözdağı vermek, warn,
of
jeopardise, zıt anl.= relieve, protect
abundant = bol, bereketli, ample, zıt anl.= scarce,
estimated = tahmini, predicted
inadequate
at any given time = herhangi bir zamanda /
Soru 42 dönemde, at any point in time, (E seçeneğinde,
herhangi bir yılın herhangi bir döneminde /
extraordinarily = olağanüstü / fevkalade (bir biçimde),
zamanında kilo vermeye çalışan %30-40 civarında
alışılmışın çok dışında (bir şekilde), radically
Amerikalı kadın nüfusun bulunabileceğine atıfta
inactive = hareketsiz, durgun, still, static bulunulmuş.)
lean = zayıf, sıska, yağsız, slim, thin, zıt anl.= fat, to do so = bunu / onu / öyle yapabilmek için, (E
rich seçeneğinde, to lose weight yerine kullanılmış olan
ifade)
surplus = fazlalık, artakalan miktar, (herhangi bir
şeyin) fazlası, excess, zıt anl.= shortage
Soru 43
necessary = gerekli, zorunlu, zaruri, önemli,
discovery = keşif, buluş, bulgu, find, breakthrough,
essential, zıt anl.= unnecessary, unneeded
uncovering
nutritional health = sağlıklı beslenme
basic = temel, ana, fundamental, zıt anl.= incidental
overweight = fazla / aşırı kilolu
blood group = kan grubu, blood type
population = popülasyon, nüfus
10
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 43 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
11
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 44 - 45 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
unsuccessful = başarısız, zıt anl.= successful level off = (miktar, sayı vs. için) artışı durmak,
sabitlenmek, sabit duruma gelmek
trial = deneme, sınama, çalışma, experiment, test
developed world = gelişmiş ülkeler
Soru 44
access to = (bir şey)’e giriş / geçiş / erişim, (birisi) ile
effective = verimli, randımanlı, etkili, efficient, görüşme imkanı, (bir şey)’den faydalanma hakkı /
powerful, zıt anl.= inefficient, ineffective imkanı, entry, contact
anti-retroviral = HIV virüsünün vücutta çoğalmasını rely on = (bir şey ya da bir kişi)’ye güvenmek / itimat
ve etkinleşmesini engelleyen ilaç etmek / bel bağlamak / bağımlı olmak, depend on,
entrust, zıt anl.= distrust
transform into = (bir şey)’e dönüş(tür)mek,
değiş(tir)mek, change into, convert to / into, zıt anl.= aid = katkı, destek, yardım, help, relief, support, (first
preserve aid = ilkyardım)
disease = hastalık, illness, ailment, disorder health aid package = sağlık yardım paketi
rich = zengin, varlıklı, wealthy, zıt anl.= poor completely = tamamen, bütünüyle, entirely, totally, zıt
anl.= partly, partially
quite = oldukça, pek, epey, rather
immediately = derhal, hemen, anında, at once, right
poor = fakir, yoksul, zıt anl.= rich
away, directly
illness = hastalık, rahatsızlık, sickness, ailment,
lethal = öldürücü, ölümcül, deadly, fatal, mortal, zıt
disorder
anl.= harmless, safe
chronic = kronik, süreğen, zıt anl.= acute
made less immediately lethal = (C seçeneğinde,
condition = 1) rahatsızlık, hastalık, illness, ailment; AIDS hastalığının halen tamamen tedavi
2) hal, durum, situation edilemediğine; ancak, bu hastalık yüzünden kısa
sürede ölen kişilerin sayısının azaldığına atıfta
case = 1) hasta, vaka, patient, subject; 2) durum,
bulunulmuş.)
koşul, incident, situation
double = iki misline / katına çıkmak, iki misli / kat
drop = azalmak, düşmek, gerilemek, çökmek,
yapmak
decline, decay, deteriorate, zıt anl.= increase,
progress, recover be at a greater risk = daha büyük bir risk altında
significantly = epeyce, oldukça, önemli ölçüde, büyük olmak
oranda, considerably, substantially, zıt anl.= slightly, living conditions = yaşam koşulları
insignificantly
Soru 45
by contrast = (bunun) tersine, aksine, (bir şeye / bir
kimseye) kıyasla, oranla get older = yaşlanmak, grow older, age
developing world = gelişmekte olan / az gelişmiş mean = ortalama, average
ülkeler
compare with = (bir şey) ile karşılaştırmak /
HIV = bağışıklık sistemini yetersiz hale getirerek kıyaslamak, liken to
AIDS’e yol açan bir virüs, Human Immunodeficiency
birth = doğum, zıt anl.= death
Virus
rise = yükselmek, artmak, tırmanmak, increase, zıt
near-term = yakın dönem, kısa vade, short-term
anl.= decrease
death sentence = idam / ölüm cezası
US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute =
near-term death sentence = yakın zamanda infaz Birleşik Devletler Ulusal Kalp, Akciğer ve Kan
edilecek bir idam cezası, (Soruda, fakir ülkelerdeki Enstitüsü (Maryland, ABD’de kurulu, 2.7 milyar
AIDS hastaları, adeta kısa zamanda infaz edilecek dolarlık (2004 tahmini) bir bütçeyle temelde
idam mahkumlarına benzetilmiş.) hastalıkların gelişimi, teşhisi, tedavisi, önlenmesi;
özelde ise kalp, damar, akciğer ve kan hastalıkları
far greater = çok daha büyük / fazla
üzerine araştırmalar yapan ve kan tedariği
konusunda programlar yürüten enstitü)
12
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 46 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
13
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 47 - 50 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
unintentional = kasıtsız, elde olmayan, accidental, offer = sunmak, arz etmek, sağlamak, provide,
inadvertent, zıt anl.= deliberate, intentional present
rule = kural, emir, kanun immunize = aşılamak, bağışıklık kazandırmak,
bağışıklık oluşturmak
manner of conduct = tutum ve davranış, hareket
tarzı gastro-intestinal disorder = mide-bağırsak
rahatsızlığı
repetition = tekrar, recurrence
village = köy
various = çeşitli, miscellaneous, numerous
instance = durum, vaka, örnek, case, example, Soru 49
occurrence
soup = çorba
deliberate = kasıtlı, on purpose, intended, zıt anl.=
bread = ekmek
unintentional, unintended
bake = fırında pişirmek, (kek vs. türü mayalanan ve
in this sense = bu bağlamda, bu açıdan, taşıdığı bu
kabaran bir şey) pişirmek
anlamla
baked potato = fırında patates, kumpir
regard = saymak, gözüyle bakmak, (olduğuna)
inanmak, (olarak) görmek / değerlendirmek, believe, vegetable = sebze
deem, consider, view
mostly = en çok, başlıca, largely, generally
counterpart = karşılık, muadil, akran, mevkidaş, peer
look for = aramak, bulmaya çalışmak, bakmak,
search
Soru 47
poor = (the poor şeklinde kullanılır) fakirler, the Soru 50
needy, zıt anl.= the rich, the wealthy
article = gazete / dergi makalesi, yazı, paper
tuberculosis = tüberküloz, verem (kanlı öksürük ve
drug-release implant = vücut içine implante edilip
halsizlik ile belirgin akciğer infeksiyonu), pulmonary
(uzaktan kumanda vs. bir yöntemle) içindeki ilacı
phthisis, TB
belirli saatlerde ve belirli miktarlarda salan / serbest
health care = sağlık bakımı bırakan cihaz
crowded = kalabalık, yoğun nüfuslu, densely battery = pil, batarya, akü
populated, populous
coat with = (bir şey) ile kaplamak / örtmek
crowded conditions = kalabalık ortamlar
dissolve = eri(t)mek, çöz(ün/ül)mek, melt, resolve,
reason = sebep, neden, cause thaw
actually = aslında, gerçekten, aslına bakılırsa, as a exposed (to) = (bir şey)’e maruz kalmak, open,
matter of fact, to tell the truth, in fact uncovered
electric current = elektrik akımı
Soru 48
device = cihaz, alet, aygıt
typhoid = tifo (genellikle hijyenik olmayan besinler
aracılığı ile bulaşan, bağırsakta yaralar ile belirgin bir switch on = (elektrik, lamba, düğme, gaz vs. için)
hastalık) açmak, turn on, zıt anl.= switch off, turn off
immunisation = aşı, aşılama, bağışıklama, release = 1) (ilacı bedene) yaymak, salmak;
bağışıklık kazandırma 2) salıvermek, kurtarmak, dışarı vermek, discharge,
liberate, zıt anl.= detain, imprison
carbonated bottled drink = şişede / şişelenmiş
gazlı içecek remotely = uzaktan, from a distance, zıt anl.= closely
carbonate = karbondioksit gazı ile işleme tabi protect = korumak, kollamak, defend, keep safe,
tutmak secure
bottle = (bir içeceği vs.) şişelemek overdose = fazla miktarda / aşırı dozda ilaç vermek /
almak, belirli bir dozu aşmak
boil = kayna(t)mak, fokurda(t)mak, haşla(n)mak
14
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 51 - 53 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
miss = 1) gözden kaçırmak, (dikkatten) kaçmak, depletion = tükenme, boşalma, deplesyon (herhangi
ıskalamak, unutmak, skip; 2) özlemek, hasretini bir maddenin vücuttan kaybı)
çekmek, long for; 3) (otobüs vs.) kaçırmak
level = 1) seviye, düzey; 2) düz, düzayak
medication = ilaç, medikasyon (tıbbi tedavi), ilaç
directly = hemen, tam, direkt, straight, zıt anl.=
verme, ilaçla tedavi etme
indirectly
implant = implante etmek (tedavi için vücut içine bir
above = yukarı(sın)da, üzerinde, over
madde vs. yerleştirmek), nakletmek, aşılamak,
insert, embed eliminate = ortadan kaldırmak, yok etmek, gidermek,
elemek, eradicate, cut out
replace = (bir başkası)’nın yerini almak / yerine
geçmek, yenilemek, change, substitute, supplant multiple = çok sayıda, çoklu, multipl, zıt anl.= single
periodically = periyodik olarak, düzenli / belirli viability = 1) viyabilite (canlıların doğumu takiben dış
aralıklarla, belirli zamanlarda, zaman zaman, ortama uyabilme, hayatta kalabilme ve büyüme
occasionally, seasonally yetenekleri); 2) (bir planın, işin vs.) pratik ve yararlı
bir şekilde uygulanabilme / gerçekleştirilebilme
autoimmune response = otoimmün tepki (bağışıklık
kapasitesi / özelliği
sisteminin bir virüs vs.’i tanıması ve ona karşı antikor
üretmesi) around = 1) aşağı yukarı, yaklaşık, approximately,
roughly; 2) civarında, dolayında
Soru 51
cycle = döngü, siklüs, devre
technique = teknik, yöntem, uygulama
Soru 52
in-vitro = tüp içinde, test tüpünde, laboratuarda,
laboratuar ortamında, ex-vivo, zıt anl.= in vivo ultrasound scanning = ültrasonografi (ültrasonik
dalgalar aracılığıyla iç organların ya da bir tümörün
fertilization = fertilizasyon, dölle(n)me
görüntüsünün elde edilmesi)
in-vitro fertilization = tüp içi dölle(n)me, IVF
after all = ne de olsa, unutulmamalıdır ki, her şey bir
predict = tahmin etmek, öngörmek, anticipate, guess yana, bütün bunlara rağmen, beklentilerin aksine
embryo = embriyo, cenin (doğum öncesi gelişiminin Down syndrome = Down sendromu (21. kromozom
başındaki bebek / yavru) çiftinde bir fazla kromozom bulunması nedeniyle
gelişen, kaslar, göz kapakları, burun, baş vb.
survive = var olmayı / yaşamayı sürdürebilmek,
organlarda şekilsel bozukluklar ve zeka geriliği ile
ayakta / sağ kalmak, live on, remain, zıt anl.= perish,
belirgin sendrom)
die
scan = 1) taramak (ışınların hareketini algılayan bir
implantation = implantasyon (vücuda doku parçası,
aygıtla görüntülemek); 2) yakından incelemek,
organ, ilaç veya radyoaktif madde yerleştirme)
browse, look through
womb = rahim, döl yatağı, uterus
commonly = çoğunlukla, usually, zıt anl.= rarely,
then = o halde, bu durumda, in that case seldom
success = başarı, elde etme, kazanma, admit = itiraf etmek, kabul etmek, (gelmesine,
accomplishment, achievement, zıt anl.= failure, girmesine vs.) izin vermek, accept, allow, zıt anl.=
defeat deny, reject
rate = 1) oran, nispet; 2) hız, sürat, pace routinely = rutin olarak, düzenli bir şekilde, habitually
carry = taşımak, üzerinde bulundurmak, have
Soru 53
currently = şu sıralarda, bu günlerde, hâlihazırda,
parasitic = parazitlere bağlı, parazitlerin sebep
nowadays, presently
olduğu
analyze = incelemek, analiz etmek, çözümlemek,
rural = kırsal, taşra, köy hayatına ait, kentsel
açımlamak, examine, study
olmayan, zıt anl.= urban
overall = genel, toplam, kapsamlı, general, total,
rare = nadir, az görülür / bulunur, uncommon, scarce,
comprehensive, zıt anl.= particular, specific
zıt anl.= common
15
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 54 - 56 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
16
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 57 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
small intestine = ince bağırsak exchange = alışveriş, değiş tokuş, değişim, takas,
swap, substitution
reabsorb = tekrar / yeniden em(il)me
gas exchange = gaz değişimi / alışverişi (özellikle
bloodstream = kan akımı / dolaşımı
akciğer alveollerinin duvarlarında gerçekleşen
lower = alt, aşağı, zıt anl.= upper oksijen ve karbon dioksit değişimi)
gallstone = safra taşı (safra kesesi veya safra anatomically = anatomik olarak, vücudun yapısı
kanalında oluşan taş) dikkate alındığında
liver = karaciğer located = bir yerde bulunmak, situated
resecrete = geri salgılamak pons = pons (üç bölümden oluşan beyin sapının,
orta beyin ile soğanilik arasındaki orta bölümü)
bile = safra (karaciğer hücreleri tarafından
salgılanan, koyu kıvamda sarımsı yeşil alkalen sıvı) medulla = 1) beynin en arkasında bulunup omuriliğe
go through = (bir dönemden) geçmek, yaşamak, bağlanan soğanilik, medulla oblangata, medulla
experience, zıt anl.= avoid oblangata; 2) medulla, ilik, öz (organın iç bölümünü
oluşturan yumuşak doku)
57. - 60. sorular nerve = sinir
(Metinde geçen yabancı kelimeler)
diaphragm = diyafram (göğüs boşluğu ile karın
obviously = açıkça, bariz bir şekilde, belli ki, boşluğu arasındaki, kas liflerinden zengin bölme)
görünüşe göre, evidently, apparently
rib = kaburga kemiklerinden her biri, kosta, costa
conscious = istemli, bilinçli, farkında, bilinci yerinde,
inhale = nefes almak, (nefes yoluyla) içine çekmek,
alert, aware, zıt anl.= unconscious, unaware
breathe in, zıt anl.= expire, breathe out, exhale
voluntarily = istemli bir şekilde, isteyerek, gönüllü
send out = (dışarı) yollamak / göndermek / yaymak,
olarak, willingly, zıt anl.= forcibly
transmit
hold = 1) (toplantı vs.) düzenlemek; 2) (elinde)
inhalation = inhalasyon, soluk alma
tutmak, sahip olmak; 3) (bir görüş / inanç) sahibi
olmak, maintain; 4) öyle kabul etmek, regard be at rest = dinlenmek, istirahatta olmak, relax
hold one’s breath = nefesini tutmak relax = gevşe(t)mek, rahatla(t)mak, loosen, zıt anl.=
tighten up
for a short while = kısa süreliğine, temporarily, zıt
anl.= permanently exhale = soluk verme, breathe out, expire, zıt anl.=
inhale, breathe in
automatic control centre = otomatik kontrol
merkezi (beyinde iç organ ve dokuların otomatik smooth out = kolaylaştırmak, düzeltmek, pürüzsüz
olarak kontrol edildiği merkez) hale getirmek, smooth
regulate = ayarlamak, denetim altında tutmak, rhythm = ritm, beat
düzene sokmak, düzenlemek, arrange, monitor,
set = 1) düzenlemek, ayarlamak, yerleştirmek,
adjust, zıt anl.= upset, confuse, mess up
arrange, adjust, fix; 2) (kural vs.) koymak;
movement = hareket, akım 3) kesin karar vermek, determine; 4) (ateş vs.)
yakmak
ensure = garanti etmek, sağlamak, temin etmek,
make it possible, secure, guarantee
Soru 57
coordination = koordinasyon, eşgüdüm (örn. vücut
mainly = büyük ölçüde, esas olarak, mostly, chiefly
sistemlerinin birbirleriyle uyum içinde çalışması), zıt
anl.= incoordination responsible for = (bir şey)’den sorumlu, (bir şey)’in
sorumlusu, zıt anl.= irresponsible
respiratory system = solunum sistemi (solunum
yolları ve akciğerlerin oluşturduğu sistem) efficient = verimli, randımanlı, etkin, effective, zıt
anl.= inefficient, ineffective
circulatory system = dolaşım sistemi,
kardiyovasküler sistem (kalp ve kan damarlarının performance = performans, verim, çalışma,
oluşturduğu sistem) functioning, operation
17
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 58 - 60 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
18
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 61 - 64 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
run = uza(n/y)ıp gitmek, (nehir vs. için) akmak, except = haricinde, dışında
extend, go, flow
extraordinary = olağandışı, sıradışı, olağanüstü,
buttocks = (genellikle çoğul kullanılır) kalça, kaba et, fevkalade, unusual, exceptional, outstanding, zıt
popo anl.= common, usual, ordinary
heel = ayak topuğu extremely = aşırı şekilde, çok, maximally, zıt anl.=
mildly, moderately
weakness = güçsüzlük, zayıflık, zaaf, failing, vice, zıt
anl.= strength fragile = kırılgan, nazik, narin, hassas, delicate,
subtle, tender, zıt anl.= tough, solid
difficulty = güçlük, zorluk, problem, trouble
regular = düzenli, tutarlı, istikrarlı, devamlı,
lift = (havaya) kaldırmak, yükseltmek, raise, elevate
consistent, steady, zıt anl.= irregular, unsteady,
centrally = merkezde(n), merkezi olarak, ortada inconsistent
bowel = bağırsak, intestine, gut strength = güç, dayanıklılık, power, zıt anl.=
bladder = mesane, idrar kesesi weakness
impair = bozmak, zayıflatmak, (His vision was consist of = (bir şey)’den meydana gelmek / ibaret
impaired. = Gözleri bozulmuş / zayıflamış.) olmak, be made up of
Soru 61 Soru 63
elderly = yaşlı, ihtiyar, old, zıt anl.= young urination = ürinasyon, idrar yapma, micturition
suspect = şüphelenmek, kuşku duymak, have doubt, length = 1) uzunluk; 2) süre, müddet, duration
zıt anl.= know cause pain down the length of it =
depend on = (bir şey)’e bağlı / bağımlı olmak, rely on, (B seçeneğinde, sırtın alt kısmında oluşan disk
zıt anl.= be independent (from) yırtılmasının, siyatik sinirin bir ucundan diğer ucuna
kadar ağrıya neden olabileceği belirtilmiş.)
position = pozisyon, yer, konum, place, location
damaging = zararlı, harmful, detrimental, zıt anl.=
severity = şiddet, ciddiyet, sertlik, seriousness, beneficial, helpful
harshness
paralysis = paraliz, felç, inme, palsy
regularly = düzenli / tutarlı / istikrarlı / devamlı bir
şekilde, on a regular basis, invariably, steadily, zıt a great deal of = oldukça fazla, çok, a lot, much, zıt
anl.= irregularly, falteringly, unsteadily anl.= a little, a bit
19
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 65 - 66 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
20
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 67 - 68 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
21
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 69 - 72 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
22
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 73 - 75 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
23
www.zaferhoca.com.tr
Soru 76 - 80 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ - 1
adversely = kötü bir şekilde, elverişsiz şartlarda, squeeze = sıkmak, kasmak, ezmek, suyunu
aleyhte, negatively, zıt anl.= positively çıkarmak, zorlayarak almak, press, extract, extort
vein = ven, toplardamar
Soru 76
force towards = (bir yere) doğru gitmeye zorlamak
empty = boş, aç, hungry, zıt anl. = full
alternating = değişen, inip çıkan, dalgalanan,
play an important role = önemli rol oynamak, önemli
fluctuating, variable
etkisi / katkısı olmak
contraction = kasılma, daralma, büzülme,
removal = çekilme, toplanma, ortadan kaldırma /
constriction, tightening
kalkma, yerini değiştirme
relaxation = gevşeme, dinlenme
inactive = hareketsiz, durgun, still, static
pump = pompalamak, şişirmek
77. - 80. sorular
blood flow = kan akımı / akışı (kanın vücut
(Metinde geçen yabancı kelimeler)
damarları içinde akışı)
fitness = zindelik, form(da olma)
forcefully = zorla, şiddetle, vehemently, zıt anl.=
determine = belirlemek, saptamak, establish, find feebly
out, calculate
Soru 77
intensity = yoğunluk, keskinlik, şiddet, force, power,
volume aim = hedeflemek, amaçlamak, nişan almak, target
duration = süre, süreklilik, term, continuity take into account = dikkate almak, hesaba katmak,
göz önünde tutmak, allow for, take into consideration
workout = antrenman, çalışma, egzersiz, exercise
energetic = enerjik, etkin, kuvvetli, gayretli, zealous, Soru 78
vigorous, zıt anl.= lethargic, impotent, inactive
impossible = imkansız, olanaksız, out of the
somewhat = biraz, bir dereceye kadar question, totally unlikely, zıt anl.= possible
sore = hassas, ağrılı, sensitive, tender steady = sabit, değişmeyen, tutarlı, istikrarlı, devamlı,
sağlam, stable, consistent, zıt anl.= unsteady, shaky
fully = tam olarak, tamı tamına, adamakıllı, to the full
type = tür, çeşit, kind, form
recover = eski (sağlıklı) haline geri dönmek,
iyileşmek, kendine gelmek, improve, get well, zıt
Soru 79
anl.= deteriorate
muscular = kas veya kaslarla ilgili, müsküler
strengthen = güçlen(dir)mek, sağlam(laş)tırmak,
geliş(tir)mek, reinforce, invigorate, support, zıt anl.= muscular damage = kas harabiyeti / zedelenmesi
weaken, undermine
at all = hiç mi hiç, hiçbir surette / şekilde, whatsoever
heart rate = nabız / kalp atım hızı, pulse, heartbeat
alternately = dönüşümlü olarak, in turns
at least = en az(ından) / aşağı, at the least, zıt anl.=
keep = tutmak, muhafaza etmek, korumak, preserve,
at most
retain, hold, protect, zıt anl.= release, let go
resting heart rate = istirahat halinde nabız / kalp
through = 1) (bir kişi ya da şey) aracılığı ile / vasıtası
atım hızı
ile / sayesinde, by means of, by, thanks to, via; 2) (bir
hard = zorlu, sıkı, zahmetli, tough, laborious şeyin / bir yerin) içinden / arasından
beat = (kalp için) atmak
Soru 80
skeletal = iskelete ait, iskeletle ilgili
consequently = sonuç olarak, dolayısıyla, bu
skelatal muscle = iskelet kası (istemli hareketi nedenle, accordingly, subsequently, as a result,
gerçekleştiren, uzun, silindirik, çok çekirdekli therefore
hücrelerden oluşmuş kas)
24
www.zaferhoca.com.tr