Power Energizer Device As by Leveraging “PEDAL"

Abstract

The tricycle power generator is a research project conducted to help the tricycle operators
or drivers to save and conserve energy by converting their exerted force in pedaling the
tricycle into an electric charge that may be used to charge devices and conserve energy in
a sense that commercial electricity is no longer needed in charging small devices like
cellphones, tablets, etc.

To generate electricity from the tricycle to be saved in the power bank a dc motor is needed
and since the output voltage of the motor is not stable and higher than the voltage needed
to charge a power bank, a charging circuit to step down the voltage and a super capacitor
to stabilized the flow of the voltage is needed. Then after performing the methods described
in chapter three it is proven that the output is then steps down to the desired output and
became stable in the presence of the super capacitor.

Keywords: bicycle, tricycle, generator, pedal generator, renewable electricity

1. Introduction
Tricycle is the most popular means of transport in small town and cities, especially in rural
areas. Also found everywhere, especially on smaller roads for short distances, often on roads
where multi-cabs or busses are not supposed to operate. It is built in a variety of styles, which
differ from city to city. Most individuals that operate the tricycle are those unfortunate in life
or indigent people. In order to help them lessen the expenses they spend every day, we conduct
a study entitled “Power Energizer Device As by Leveraging - PEDAL”. The electricity
generation or power generation is the process of generating electric power from other sources
of primary energy. Electricity is generated by the movement of a loop of a wire, or disc of
copper between the poles of a magnet (De Dominicis & Murray, 2017, p. 435). This study is a
power generating tricycle that uses an dc motor to generate power and the generated power is
stored in a power bank, where it will be used to charge devices like cellular phones, tablets and
laptops. This study comprises of a tricycle body, front wheel shifter, the motor is connected to
the front wheel shifter of the bike through the chains to generate electric energy, and power
bank were generated electricity stored. An average “healthy human” can produce a steady 75
watts (0.1 horsepower) for a full length eight-hour period (Mudaliar & Soman, 2015, p. 201).
Thus, helps those drivers to recycle or re-use the energy they had been using in the pedals.

This study not just convert the exerted force of the driver but rather generate electrical charge
from it and store in a power bank that used to charge devices. This project can also be used as
a source of extra income. PEDAL is not just a project for development or innovation but a
project researched for those unfortunate in life that has no other source of income but driving a
tricycle. It also helps lessen the expenses they spend like paying electricity bills. The objectives
of this study are to use the energy conducted by pedaling, the energy conducted from
mechanical energy to electrical energy, to know how it was produced and the devices used to
make to generate electricity and to help indigent people to have extra income using the project.
Objectives:

 Convert the force exerted by the driver in pedaling into an electrical charge and stored
it in the power bank.
 Use the stored energy as a power source in charging devices such as cellphones, tablets,
etc. as long as its input voltage is within the range of the output of the generator.
 Save money in a sense that in charging small input devices, the use of commercial
electricity is no longer needed.

This study was conducted to determine how electric charge generated from mechanical to
electrical energy. Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience
a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of electric charges: positive
and negative. Like charges repel and unlike attract. An object is negatively charged if it has an
excess of electrons, and is otherwise positively charged or uncharged (Bluejay, 2013). The SI
derived unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C). Mechanical energy is the sum of potential
energy and kinetic energy. It is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object
(Sukumaran & Purushothaman, 2014, p. 136). Electrical energy is an energy made available by
the flow of electric charge through a conductor.

The study will not cover the deflation of tire, and damage tire and other parts of the bicycle.
Deflated tire can cause the rim of the wheel to ride on the tire tread or the ground potentially
resulting in loss of control of the vehicle or irreparable damage to the tire. The most common
cause of a flat tire is puncturing of the tire by a sharp object, such as a nail, letting air escape.
Depending on the size of the puncture, the tire may deflate slowly or rapidly.

2. Review of Related Studies and Literature

2.1. Related Studies

Pedal Power Generation by Rajesh Kannan Megalingam, Pranav Sreedharan Veliyara,

Raghavendra Murali Prabhu, Rocky Katoch

This paper presents methods in generating electricity by pedaling a bicycle. It also explains in
detail the method using bottle dynamo to generate power. In this study, the generator/dynamo
is in contact with the wheels for it to rotate while riding.

Bike-Powered Electricity Generator by Stefan Mocanu, Adrian Ungureanu, Radu Varbanescu

In this study, a prototype scavenging system (dedicated to fitness/stationary bikes) to collect

and (re)use this energy is presented. Specifically, the study depict the design of a low-budget
system that uses existing, discrete components and is able to scavenge some of the energy spent
by the biker.

Bicycle-Powered Charger by Alexandra Howell

The system is composed of the frame (trainer) and the charging system. The trainer is based on
a standard retail bicycle trainer to enable easy transition from road use to stationary exercise
use. The charging system will be capable of charging a 12 V battery pack, which will then be
able to charge multiple 5 V devices simultaneously. The bicycle wheel sets into the trainer while
resting against a rotor which spins the shaft connected to a generator (a permanent magnet ATV
magneto) which outputs a variable AC voltage RMS. This AC output from the generator will
pass through a shunt voltage regulator and a boost power inverter, which connects to a
removable battery pack capable of charging during system operation and stores charge for use
after operation.

Generating Electricity through Pedal Power by Gordana Laštovička-Medin

The Pedal Operated Power Generator is a type of generators in which the source of mechanical
power is provided by the human effort while spinning a shaft, with its corresponding angular
speed (ωhuman) and torque (Thuman). This is a stationary pedaling system, where the generator
is connected to the rotating wheel.
Generation of Power from Bicycle Pedal by B.Sneha, Dr.M.Damodar Reddy
In this system, the bicycles’ pedal is connected to the rotor of the generator. As person go on
pedaling, the rotor also rotates thus producing dc power. It then regulates the DC so that it will
be converted to AC.

2.2. Related Literature

DC Motor

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical
energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by
magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of
the motor.

DC motors were the first form of motor widely used, as they could be powered from existing
direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over
a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its
field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor
can operate on direct current but is a lightweight brushed motor used for portable power tools
and appliances. Larger DC motors are currently used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator
and hoists, and in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made
replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many applications.

Electromechanical Motor

A coil of wire with a current running through it generates an electromagnetic field aligned with
the center of the coil. The direction and magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the coil
can be changed with the direction and magnitude of the current flowing through it.

A simple DC motor has a stationary set of magnets in the stator and an armature with one or
more windings of insulated wire wrapped around a soft iron core that concentrates the magnetic
field. The windings usually have multiple turns around the core, and in large motors there can
be several parallel current paths. The ends of the wire winding are connected to a commutator.
The commutator allows each armature coil to be energized in turn and connects the rotating
coils with the external power supply through brushes. (Brushless DC motors have electronics
that switch the DC current to each coil on and off and have no brushes.)
The total amount of current sent to the coil, the coil's size and what it's wrapped around dictate
the strength of the electromagnetic field created.

The sequence of turning a particular coil on or off dictates what direction the effective
electromagnetic fields are pointed. By turning on and off coils in sequence a rotating magnetic
field can be created. These rotating magnetic fields interact with the magnetic fields of the
magnets (permanent or electromagnets) in the stationary part of the motor (stator) to create a
torque on the armature which causes it to rotate. In some DC motor designs the stator fields use
electromagnets to create their magnetic fields which allow greater control over the motor.

At high power levels, DC motors are almost always cooled using forced air.

Different number of stator and armature fields as well as how they are connected provide
different inherent speed/torque regulation characteristics. The speed of a DC motor can be
controlled by changing the voltage applied to the armature. The introduction of variable
resistance in the armature circuit or field circuit allowed speed control. Modern DC motors are
often controlled by power electronics systems which adjust the voltage by "chopping" the DC
current into on and off cycles which have an effective lower voltage.

Since the series-wound DC motor develops its highest torque at low speed, it is often used in
traction applications such as electric locomotives, and trams. The DC motor was the mainstay
of electric traction drives on both electric and diesel-electric locomotives, street-cars/trams and
diesel electric drilling rigs for many years. The introduction of DC motors and an electrical grid
system to run machinery starting in the 1870s started a new second Industrial Revolution. DC
motors can operate directly from rechargeable batteries, providing the motive power for the first
electric vehicles and today's hybrid cars and electric cars as well as driving a host of cordless
tools. Today DC motors are still found in applications as small as toys and disk drives, or in
large sizes to operate steel rolling mills and paper machines. Large DC motors with separately
excited fields were generally used with winder drives for mine hoists, for high torque as well
as smooth speed control using thyristor drives. These are now replaced with large AC motors
with variable frequency drives.

If external mechanical power is applied to a DC motor it acts as a DC generator, a dynamo. This

feature is used to slow down and recharge batteries on hybrid and electric cars or to return
electricity back to the electric grid used on a street car or electric powered train line when they
slow down. This process is called regenerative braking on hybrid and electric cars. In diesel
electric locomotives they also use their DC motors as generators to slow down but dissipate the
energy in resistor stacks. Newer designs are adding large battery packs to recapture some of this
energy.

Super Capacitor

A supercapacitor (SC), also called an ultracapacitor, is a high-capacity capacitor with a

capacitance value much higher than other capacitors, but with lower voltage limits, that bridges
the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries. It typically stores 10 to 100
times more energy per unit volume or mass than electrolytic capacitors, can accept and deliver
charge much faster than batteries, and tolerates many more charge and discharge cycles than
rechargeable batteries.
Supercapacitors are used in applications requiring many rapid charge/discharge cycles, rather
than long term compact energy storage — in automobiles, buses, trains, cranes and elevators,
where they are used for regenerative braking, short-term energy storage, or burst-mode power
delivery. Smaller units are used as memory backup for static random-access memory (SRAM)

3. Methodology
The researchers based their study from the concept of converting Mechanical Energy to
Electrical Energy. PEDAL does that by pedaling and the exerted force by the driver is converted
to electrical energy by the means of a dc motor. The dc motor is the one who is responsible for
the generation of electricity. The generated electricity then will enter the power supply circuit
so that the voltage will be suited for the power bank to charge smartphones, laptops, tablets, etc.

PEDAL is chosen by the researchers because of its flexibility, facile to build and its impact on
the modern society where most of the people are engaged on technological innovations. This
portion will justify the purpose and vigor of our device. All of these will help in making the
device as well as formulating a conclusion. This will cover the research design, method and
the procedure of creating the device. All of these will be shown below.

3.1. Block Diagram

The source of electricity is from pedaling a tricycle where the dc motor is the one that convert
the exerted force of the driver into a useful form of energy such as electrical energy then the
voltage will be filtered in the filter capacitor and enters the Regulator in order for the voltage
output to be suitable in the power bank and the super capacitor is the one that will stabilize the
voltage in order for the power bank to charge continuously. The energy stored in the powerbank
will be used then for charging.
3.2. Schematic Diagram

The motor will get an input from the source then convert the input mechanical energy from the
rotating wheel into electrical energy. Basically, a dc current since we are using dc motor. Then
the voltage will enter the filter capacitor so that all the voltage that will enter the regulator is in
the amount suitable for the regulator. The voltage filtered will now proceed to the regulator. We
are using a 7805 regulator to have a constant output voltage of +5 volts and the Super Capacitor
will stabilize the voltage so that it will continuously charge the power bank.

3.3. System Requirements

Tricycle – the tricycle is the one that is innovated where in its turning wheel the components
are place and mechanized since our project is about saving and storing electricity.

Front Wheel Shifter – holds the chain for the back-wheel sprocket and also connected to the
reel of the dc motor.

Power Bank – where the generated electricity is being stored.

DC Motor – is the one that converts energy from mechanical to electrical through the armature.

Power supply circuit – the one that regulates the voltage so that it is stable before entering the
power bank.

Chain – this is used to connect the reel of the motor and front wheel shifter.

4. Results

4.1. Output voltage per revolutions

Pedalling revolutions Output voltage

0.3 cycle per second 8.1V
0.5 cycle per second 8.9V
 0.8 cycle per second 9.7V
1 cycle per second 12.2V

In the first test, we use 1 cycle per second and produces an output voltage of 8.1V. Then we’ve
tried 2 cycle per seconds and produces 8.9V. Then 3 cycle per seconds and produces 9.7V. Then
lastly, 4 cycle per seconds and it produces 12.2V.

4.2. Time it takes to fully charge a battery of 1000mAh from 50% battery

Pedalling revolutions Number of minutes

0.3 cycle per second 113 mins.
0.5 cycle per second 83 mins.
0.8 cycle per second 53 mins.
1 cycle per second 36 mins.

In the first test, we use 1 cycle per second and takes 113 mins. to fully charge an 80% battery.
Then we’ve tried 2 cycle per seconds and takes 83 mins. Then 3 cycle per seconds and takes 53
mins. Then lastly, 4 cycle per seconds and takes 36 mins.

5. Discussions
In the first attempt of the group to generate an electric charge from the motor and regulate its
output to be suited in the input voltage of the power bank were then successful. But the first
problem that the system encountered is that whenever the wheel of the tricycle stops, the
charging of the power bank also stops. And it’s not good for the power bank itself because it
will seem that it is being plug in and plug out whenever the driver takes a break. It may cause
its destruction if we just let the system as it is. But since we are engineering practitioner we
came up with a solution.

By the use of super capacitor or memory capacitor we placed it parallel to the terminals were
the power bank will be connected. The super capacitor or memory capacitor is a high-capacity
electrochemical capacitor with capacitance values much higher than other capacitors (but lower
voltage limits) that bridge the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries
(Rawale & Kamble, 2015, p. 342).

They typically store 10 to 100 times more energy per unit volume or mass than electrolytic
capacitors, can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and tolerate many more
charge and discharge cycles than rechargeable batteries. They are however 10 times larger than
conventional batteries for a given charge. With this kind of capacitor, the stable charging of
the power bank is assured. In attaching the motor to the tricycle, we just cut a cylindrical
metallic tube and have a wielding machine to attach it to the back-wheel portion of the tricycle
for the motor to be stable.

This study has two significant contributions. First is to generate and reuse the energy exerted
by the driver or the operator for the devices that are in range with its output. Second is to save
money or conserve energy because the use of commercial electricity is no longer needed if this
project will be in use.

Like the studies of wind mill, hydroelectric conversions and many more electric generating
studies, tricycle power generator indicates that it can provide sufficient amount of electricity to
charge devices were input power is in range with the output of the generator. The tricycle power
generator therefore will be helpful to the user of the tricycle because it can help charge their
devices for free.

With this innovation, the driver of the tricycle equipped with PEDAL, can also get an extra
income by introducing a charging station to their passenger while they are riding.

Well, it is still possible even for a short period of time especially for a very low-battery
cellphone which needs an immediate charging for some emergency situation.

Or they can also introduce a mobile charging station in which a person with low-battery
cellphone can rent a tricycle to have their phone charge while touring around.

Well, the paid amount for charging may depend in either the distance of travel, or the time
duration of charging.

In addition to their charging station, they can also use it for their own good as with bicycle users,
like charging their own electronic devices such as cellphones, flashlights, and any other useful
devices while they are riding.

This innovation is effective than others in terms of marketability since it can benefit the general
types of people. It's not only for specific group of people like farmers, fishermans, nurses, etc.,
but for anyone who owns a bike. And we all now that anyone can have a bike whether they are
young or old.

It also encourages the use of bikes instead of motorized bicycle because of it’s eco-friendly
nature, and also it’s supports to the health of mankind due to the exercise they get while using
a bike.

6. Conclusions
In conclusion, tricycle power generator is useful and effective. This helps indigent people
specially tricycle, drivers conserve energy and save money and their efforts in pedaling will not
be wasted. We were then successful in generating electricity and storing it in the power bank
in a stable manner.

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