PREVENTION What are communicable diseases? • A communicable or infectious disease is any illness that you can “catch” or can be passed from one person to another.
• How can it be transmitted?
- Contact transmission is the most common form of transmitting diseases and virus. There are two types of contact transmission: direct and indirect. What is Direct and Indirect Transmission? • Direct contact transmission occurs when there is physical contact between an infected person and a susceptible person.
• Indirect contact transmission occurs when there
is no direct human-to-human contact. Contact occurs from a reservoir to contaminated surfaces or objects, or to vectors such as mosquitoes, flies, mites, fleas, ticks, rodents or dogs. 8 MOST COMMON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Acute Respiratory infections • Infection in the upper/lower respiratory tract that prevents normal breathing. • Signs & Symptoms: Congestion in nasal sinuses/lungs, runny nose, cough, sore throat, body aches and fatigues. • Treatment: rest well, increase Fluid intake, Cough & Cold medications may reduce effects. Pneumonia • Infection of the lungs where in air sacs are filled with fluid which limits oxygen intake. • Signs & Symptoms: Chills, High fever, Chest pain by deep inspiration, cough, crackles and wheezes heard on breathing sounds. • Treatment: antibiotics; Hospitalization in severe cases or in infants. Bronchitis • Inflammation of the Bronchial tubes ( the air passages between nose and lungs). • Signs & Symptoms: Cough lasting for weeks, wheezing, chest pain, low fever and chills, sore throat, body ache, blocked nose. • Treatment: Take a rest, drink fluids, breath warm and moist air, medications for cough/pain, antibiotics for bacterial infection. Influenza (Flu) • A highly contagious viral infection affecting the respiratory system. • Signs & Symptoms: Sudden High Fever lasting 3-5 days, headache, muscle ache, joint pains, dry cough, chills, fatigue, nasal congestion. • Treatment: Bed rest, take plenty fluids, antiviral medications are prescribed for sever cases. Tuberculosis • An infection bacterial disease that commonly affects the lungs. • Signs & Symptoms: Cough (worse in the morning, lasts 3 weeks or more, w/ blood), chest pain, breathlessness, night sweats, pneumonia, weight loss, fatigue. • Treatment: Standard Six-month course of four antibiotics. Dengue • A mosquito-borne disease mostly occurring in tropical and sub-tropical areas. • Signs & Symptoms: Fever up to 41’C, headaches, body pain, pain behind the eye, widespread rash, nausea and vomiting, minor bleeding from gums/nose. • Treatment: Rest, drink plenty fluids, pain medication can be taken except when it can increase bleeding complications, hospitalization for severe cases. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) • Infections that can be acquired predominantly through unprotected sex. Example is Herpes. • Signs & Symptoms: Unusual discharge from genitals, pain during sex/urination, sores, blisters, warts, rashes in genital area; fever/flu-like symptoms; abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain in testicles, lumps and bumps on genitals. • Treatment: Antibacterial and antiviral medications. HIV and AIDS pt.1 • The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is a chronic, life-threatening condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV weakens the immune system by destroying important cells that fight diseases and infections. AIDS is the final stage of HIV. HIV and AIDS pt.2 • Signs & Symptoms: Fever and night sweat, tiredness, quick weight loss, headache, enlarged lymph nodes, diarrhea, vomiting, mouth/genital sores, dry cough, rash/flaky skin, short-term memory loss. • Treatment: There is no treatment but there are medications that can slow down the progress of the disease. How are Common Communicable Diseases Prevented?? • Wash hands Regularly • Avoid sharing personal belongings • Stay and rest home when sick • Handle and prepare foods hygienically • Cover mouth when sneezing/coughing • Avoid touching animals that can give diseases • Make sure to get vaccinated • Properly disinfect and clean surfaces Short Activity! • Get ½ crosswise • Write name, grade/section, and group number. • MAIN INSTRUCTION: (essay) write 3 – 5 sentences (Not less than 3, but can be more than 5 sentences). • 5 – 10 minutes • When Finish pass your paper and leave. Choose and Explain! • Which one is better.. TO PREVENT DISEASE FROM OCCURING OR TO TREAT DISEASE WHEN OCCURING? Why?