LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY CAVITE

The Levels of Self-efficacy and Motivation among the Street Vendors in

Cavite

Thesis proposal

Submitted to the faculty of the

College of Arts and Sciences

Lyceum of the Philippines University-Cavite

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the requirements of the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Psychology

Agbayani, Jaena Rose R.

Alvarez, Jeremicah S.
Perlora, Paula Mae L.
Regaliza, Estiphanie S.

February 2017

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The Levels of Self-efficacy and Motivation among the Street Vendors in

Cavite

Jaena Rose R. Agbayani1, Jeremicah S. Alvarez2, Paula Mae L. Perlora3, and Estiphanie S. Regaliza4

College of Arts and Sciences, Lyceum of the Philippine University Cavite

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the overview of the whole study. It is compromised of

different sections such as (a) background of the study; (b) statement of the problem;

(c) theoretical framework; (d) conceptual framework; (e) hypothesis; (f) significance

of the study; (g) scope and limitation of the study; and (h) operational definition.

Background of the Study

When facing a challenge, do you feel like you can rise up and achieve your goal

or do you give up and doubt your own abilities to rise up and overcome the difficulties

that life throws your way? Self-efficacy, or your belief in your own to deal with various

situations, can play a major role not only on how you feel about yourself, but whether or

not you successfully achieve your goals in life (Cherry, 2016). Having faith and

confidence will help to encourage yourself in everything you make. Trusting yourself that

you can do what you aim to accomplish can help you reach your goals.

According to Bandura, self-efficacy is the belief in one’s capabilities to organize

and execute the course to action required to manage prospective situations. This means

that you have to trust your own ability and capability for you to perform and succeed in a

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given task or situation. It can also mean knowing your strengths and weaknesses to

overcome and to succeed in any particular circumstances. This helps a lot to keep a

person motivated towards achieving their goal (Fitton, 2011).

"Believing that you can accomplish what you want to accomplish is one of the

most important ingredients in the recipe of success" (Maddux in Asahan, Bautista,

Cadavedo, Dela Cruz, Ilar, 2015). Believing in your ability can influence your goals,

actions, and successes or failures in life. Individuals who have high self-efficacy will set

higher goals for themselves and are more committed to their goals (Locke, Frederick,

Lee, & Bobko, 1984 in Redmond, 2010). People with determination can easily overcome

the different hardships and battles in life.

MOTIVATION…..

People need to survive in their own life. They exert effort in ameliorating their

way of life for them to conquer different challenges that they encounter. Poverty is one of

the main problem and challenge that many people are facing. Lack of opportunities

caused many adults and even children forced to work for them to earn. Street vending is

one of the jobs that many people consider as a survival.

Street vending is ubiquitous. People will spot some places that are occupied by

many street vendors.

Statement of the Problem

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The main goal of this study is to know the levels of self-efficacy and motivation of the

street vendors in Cavite. Specifically, this paper aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the participants in terms of;

a. Age

b. Gender

c. Civil status

d. Years of being a street vendor

2. What are the levels of self-efficacy of the street vendors in Cavite?

3. What are the levels of motivation of the street vendors in Cavite?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the levels of self-efficacy and

motivation of the street vendors?

Significance of the Study

This study may benefit the following:

Street vendors. It can benefit them because they will know what level of self-efficacy

and motivation they have.

Family of the Street vendors. This study may help the family of the street vendors to

appreciate all the hardships and sufferings that they encounter in the street everday.

Community. It may help the community to understand and appreciate the work and

hardships of the street vendors.

Future Researchers. It may help them in their future study and can gain more

knowledge when it comes to this matter. This can also serve as a reference and a useful

source of information for their future researches.

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Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Street Vendors
Age
Gender
Civil status
Years of being a street
vendor
Daily income

Levels of Self- Levels of Motivation

Efficacy
 Very high self-  Very high
efficacy motivation
 High self-  High motivation
efficacy  Moderate
 Moderate self- motivation
efficacy
 Low motivation
 Low self-
efficacy

Figure 1. Levels of Self-efficacy and Motivations of the Street Vendors

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the levels of self-

efficacy and levels of motivation of the street vendors.

Scope and limitations

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The content of this research is about the self-efficacy and motivation of the street vendors

in Cavite ages 20-50 years old.

Definition of Terms

Self-efficacy. A person's belief in his or her ability to complete a future task. In this

study, this is the belief of the street vendors in their own abilities and capabilities in

completing a task.

Motivation. Defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented

behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act. In this study, it refers to the actions and

behaviors of the street vendors for them to supply the needs of their family and survive in

their lives.

Street vendors. The people who are operating businesses along sidewalks and selling

different items and foods in different parts of the cities ranging from open space to hefty

public gathering. In this study, it refers to the vendors who are operating businesses along

sidewalks and selling different items and foods in Cavite.

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Self-efficacy

Self-efficacy (also known as social cognitive theory or social learning theory) is a

person’s belief that she is capable of performing particular tasks successfully. Self-

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efficacy has three dimensions: Magnitude, the level of task difficulty a person believes

she can attain; strength, the conviction regarding magnitude as strong or weak; and

generality, the degree to which the expectation is generalized across situation,

performance, and motivation. Self-efficacy has powerful effects on learning, because

people try to learn and perform only those task that they believe they will be able to

perform successfully (Bandura in Landrum, 2013). Think of self-efficacy as a kind of self

confidence (Kanter in Landrum, 2013) Self-efficacy influences learning as well as the

effort that people exert on the job. Self-efficacy influences the persistence with which

people attempt new and difficult tasks. People with high self-efficacy are confident that

they can learn and perform a specific task and they are likely to persist in their efforts

even when problems surface while people with low self-efficacy who believe that they

are incapable of learning and performing a difficult task are likely to give up when

problems surface (Edwin Locke in Landrum, 2013)

Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes how cognitive, behavioral,

personal, and environmental factors act to determine the motivation and behavior

(Crothers, Hughes, & Morine, 2008). The Social Cognitive Theory is composed of four

processes of goal realization. The Self-observation, Self-evaluation, self-reaction and

self-efficacy. These components are interrelated, each having an effect on motivation and

goal attainment (Redmond, 2010). Self-efficacy is a related but subtly different

personality characteristic. Self assessments of ability contribute to self-efficacy but so

does the individual's personality" (Griffin, et al., 2010).

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However, the development of self-efficacy beliefs seems to be more influenced by

mastery experiences than information formed by social comparisons, a study shows

(Reiner & Mynhardt, 2008). Self-efficacy beliefs are an important aspect of human

motivation and behavior as well as influence the actions that can affect one's life.

Regarding self-efficacy, Bandura (1995) explains that it "refers to beliefs in one's

capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective

situations". More simply, self-efficacy is what an individual believes he or she can

accomplish using his or her skills under certain circumstances (Snyder & Lopez, 2007).

According to Redmond (2010), self-efficacy is also influenced by encouragement and

discouragement pertaining to an individual’s performance or ability to perform. Self-

efficacy has influence over people's ability to learn, their motivation and their

performance, as people will often attempt to learn and perform only those task for which

they believe they will be successful (Lunenburg, 2011). Self-esteem and self-efficacy are

often thought of as being synonymous, however they vary greatly. Self-efficacy differs

from self-esteem in that it's a judgment of specific capabilities rather than a general

feeling of self-worth (Beck, 2008)

High self-efficacy individuals persist longer in the face of difficulty and are extremely

resilient in the face of failure. High self-efficacy individuals are generally more content

with their work and lives (Judge, Locke, Durhamn, & Kluger, 1998; as cited in Redmond,

2010). High self-efficacy individuals set higher goals for themselves (Bandura &

Cervone, 1986; as cited in Redmond, 2010). High self-efficacy individuals are more

committed to their goals (Locke, Frederick, Lee, & Bobko, 1984; as cited in Redmond,

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2010). High self-efficacy individuals generate more effective task strategies to facilitate

goal attainment and respond more optimistically to negative feedback than low self-

efficacy individuals (Locke & Latham, 1990; as cited in Redmond, 2010). Strengthening

self-efficacy augments goal attainment motivation (Bandura, 1986; as cited in Redmond,

2010).

Feedback and self-efficacy are necessary for effective goal-setting (Latham & Locke,

1991; as cited in Redmond, 2010). Self-efficacy has been found to lead to higher

performance (McIntire & Levine, 1991; Mathieu, Martineau, & Tannenbaum, 1993; Eden

& Zuk, 1995; Locke & Latham, 1990; Stajkovic & Luthans, 1998; as cited in Redmond,

2010). High self-efficacy individuals succeed often and better than individuals with low

self-efficacy (Mitchell, Hopper, Daniels, George-Falvy, & James, 1994; as cited in

Redmond, 2010). High self-efficacy individuals habitually work harder and persevere

while low self-efficacy individuals frequently quit (Bandura, 1986); as cited in Redmond,

2010).

Individuals who perform well develop high self-efficacy (Davis, Fedor, Parson, &

Herold, 2000; as cited in Redmond, 2010). This study demonstrates the importance of

self-efficacy and shows that self-efficacy perceptions can be changed (Redmond, 2010).

Researchers have demonstrated the positive effects of self-efficacy beliefs on effort,

persistence, goal setting, and performance (Pajares, 2009).

Street Vendors

Local

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According to Golosino (2012), Vendors congregating to the sidewalks were notoriously

known as eyesores and obstructions. In the words of Senator Santiago quoting Mayor

Penalosa she said a good city is one with great sidewalks. In the Philippines, especially in

the urban areas, sidewalks lost its essence from the perspective of the pedestrian. It was

supposedly access point for those who want to catch time and would like to avoid traffic

by means of walking. Instead, sidewalks were transformed into a pseudo marketplace. As

recourse, pedestrians resort to walking on the road exposing them to greater risk and add

to the congestions of the street.

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

This chapter focuses on the research procedure that will be used in the study. These

include: (a). Research Design, (b) Participants of the Study & Sampling Technique,

(c). Research Instrument, (d). Data Gathering, (e). Data Analysis

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers will use descriptive correlational research design. Descriptive research

involves the description, recording, analysis and interpretation of the present nature,

composition or processes of phenomena which focuses on prevailing conditions, or how a

person, group or thing behaves or functions in the present. It often involves some type of

comparison or contrast. In other words, descriptive research maybe defined as a

purposive process of gathering, analyzing, classifying and tabulating data about

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prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends and cause effect relationships

and then making adequate and accurate interpretation about such data with or without the

aid of statistical methods (Calderon, 2012). In the other hand, correlational research

PARTICIPANTS OF THE STUDY & SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The participants of the study are street vendors in Cavite.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researchers will be using survey questionnaires that will be validated by the experts.

They are two types of test that the participants will answer. The first one is the level of

self-efficacy and the second one is the level of motivation that they have.

DATA GATHERING

The participants are said to answer the two types of survey questionnaires. They will

answer it with no time limit.

DATA ANALYSIS

In this study, the surveys that the participants will answer are to be tallied, analyzed and

interpret the relationship between the self-efficacy and the motivation of the street

vendors.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

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The data will be measured using different statistical tools like frequency, means,

percentage and

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