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Subsurface investigation in Sarimukti landfill using DC resistivity

Conference Paper · November 2014

DOI: 10.1063/1.4930700

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 Subsurface investigation in Sarimukti landfill using DC resistivity
Kartika Hajar Kirana, Kusnahadi Susanto, and Anggie Susilawati

Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1677, 060020 (2015); doi: 10.1063/1.4930700

View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4930700
View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/1677?ver=pdfcov
Published by the AIP Publishing

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 Subsurface Investigation in Sarimukti Landfill
Using DC Resistivity

Kartika Hajar Kirana1,a), Kusnahadi Susanto1,b) and Anggie Susilawati1,c)

1
Geophysics Study Program, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21 Jatinangor 45363
a)
Corresponding author: kartika@geophys.unpad.ac.id
b)
k.susanto@geophys.unpad.ac.id
c)
anggie@geophys.unpad.ac.id

Abstract. Layering process in landfill will produce leachate that produced by the entry of a mixture of rain water or
ground water into the piles solid waste. In Sarimukti landfill, leachate from landfill channeled through a pipe to the
leachate pond that planted beneath the soil surface. If the pipe is leaking, the leachate will contaminate the surrounding
soil and may also to contaminate groundwater. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate subsurface conditions. One type of
subsurface investigation can be determined by measuring the resistivity by using DC resistivity method. Resistivity
measured in Sarimukti landfill with semigriding design including 8 lines perpendicular to each other. The result show
there is resistivity contrast of materials, such as the solid waste, soil, water content that is predicted as leachate, and
methane gas. The range of resistivity values are from 1 Ωm to 500 Ωm with variations of depth in according to line
lenght. The resistivity values respectively: leachate is 1 to 10 Ωm; Wet soil is 10 to 100 Ωm; wet waste is 100 to 400 Ωm;
gas is > 400 Ωm. Then, leachate was found at depth of 25 meters and wet soil is predicted as aquifer layer with 70 meters
depth. The resistivity of aquifer layer is 1 to 20 Ωm and covered by silt clay as clay cap. Thus, it can predicted that
leachate not seep into the aquifer layer.

INTRODUCTION

Waste which dumped and sustain pile up process known as sanitary land-filling (1). This process will produce
leachate in liquid form. Leachate is the liquid contaminants that cause harmful effects on groundwater and surface
water around the landfill (2). If the landfill does not have a leachate treatment system, the leachate will enter the
groundwater and can cause environmental and health problems (3) because leachate is very dangerous for
environment, it is necessary to monitor so that the effect on groundwater contamination can be prevented. In
Sarimukti landfills, leachate from landfill channeled through a pipe to the leachate pond, where the pipes are planted
below the soil surface. If the pipe is leaking, the leachate will contaminate the surrounding soil and is possible to
contaminate groundwater. This research is very important for monitoring of soil and groundwater contamination due
to the presence leachate. Leachate is extremely hazardous indicated from studies of the leachate (1,3,4) identifies
that there are magnetic minerals and the presence of heavy metals in the leachate from the leachate samples taken at
Sarimukti landfill, where the heavy metals content in leachate samples at Sarimukti landfill found to be higher than
allowed minimum standard liquid waste (4). Therefore, it is necessary to map the subsurface on the presence of

The 5th International Conference on Mathematics and Natural Sciences

AIP Conf. Proc. 1677, 060020-1–060020-4; doi: 10.1063/1.4930700
© 2015 AIP Publishing LLC 978-0-7354-1324-5/$30.00

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 leachate based on resistivity value. Mapping of subsurface conditions can be determined by measuring the resistivity
by using one of the geophysical methods which is geoelectric DC (direct current) resistivity.

METHODOLOGY

DC resistivity method has been successfully mapped the near subsurface to identify the aquifer layer (5) and
subsurface pipe (6), and even to determine the presence of minerals such as coal (7). Therefore, this study use
geoelectric method to determine the presence of leachate based on the resistivity value and determines the direction
of seepage of leachate to the aquifer layers. Afterwards, the cross section can made from the resistivity values.

Description of the Study Area

Sarimukti landfill is located in Rajamandala, West Bandung. Sarimukti landfill surrounded by forest of PT.
Perhutani and it has four zones of disposal zone and one zone of landfill leachate that consisting of two leachate
ponds (Figure 1). Zone one is a zone that has been dumped garbage disposal about 10 years ago and now it is
converted to cropland. Zone two is a zone that has been closed for 4 years and backfilled with soil. Zone one and
zone two is expected to accommodate the waste with a thickness of 25-30 meters. Then the zones three and four are
zones used for landfills now. In Sarimukti landfill, ranging from zone one to zone four, planted a pipe that serves as
a channel for leachate and gas emissions generated by waste. Leachate is then channeled into leachate pond and
processed so that the content of contaminants found in leachate decreased.
Based on the geology, the Sarimukti landfill composed by the deposition of volcanic activity of Tangkuban
Perahu that form Cibeureum formation, whereas the southern part is composed of Tertiary sediments from
Rajamandala Formation. Deposition underlying volcanic lithologies Sarimukti landfill is pumice tuff rocks
consisting of sandy-gravel and produce clay from weathering process (8).

FIGURE 1. Site description of Sarimukti Landfill and lines determination of geoelectric DC resistivity measurement

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 Geophysical Methods

In this research, dipole-dipole configuration is used to make aquisition of geoelectric DC resistivity. Dipole-
dipole resistivity surveys are a cost-effective technique for mapping the configuration of the underlying clay layers
as well as the near-surface discontinuities of landfills and buried disposal trenches (9). The use of this configuration
is based also that the leachate contains a high abundance of magnetic minerals and heavy metals content. Magnetic
minerals in landfill leachate and heavy metals can be detected by DC resistivity, dipole-dipole configuration (10).

RESULT OF GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION

DC resistivity lines measurements were made varied according to the conditions of research areas. The distance
between the lines made uniform around + 50 meters. The measurement results are displayed in the form of
resistivity contrast contours showing hereinafter interpreted as resistivity value of soil, leachate and solid waste. The
results showed that the range of the data acquisition resistivity values obtained at each line is 1 Ωm to 500 Ωm. The
depth of each line obtained is 26 - 75 m where 25 - 30 meters from the surface is solid waste that potentially
producing leachate and gases such as methane.
Based on the results of the DC resistivity acquisition showed with resistivity values (Figure 2), it can predicted
that there are some material under the surface, which is a solid waste, soil, water content that is predicted as
leachate, and methane gas. These materials contained in different depths, such as leachate was found at a depth of 25
meters. The estimation resistivity values of materials respectively: leachate is 1 to 10 Ωm; wet soil is 10 to 100 Ωm;
wet waste is 100 to 400 Ωm; gas is > 400 Ωm. From the figures, it can seen that contamination of ground water
cannot be detected clearly because the penetration depth of the acquisition were not all able to exceed the depth of
the ground water that is about 70 m, although on some line already seen that groundwater covered by silt clay as
clay cap. Thus, it can predict that leachate not seep into the aquifer layer.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

FIGURE 2. Cross section of resistivity for parallel lines (a) line 1 (b) line 2 (c) line 3 (4) line 4

CONCLUSION

From the geological information and geophysical DC resistivity acquisition, it can predict that solid waste can
produce leachate and gas such as methane. This material potentially contaminating ground water if there is no layer
as cap on the aquifer. In Sarimukti landfill, the aquifer depth deeper than the thickness of solid waste and leachate.
Thus, it can predict that leachate not seep into the aquifer layer.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks to the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran for funding this research
and to the Regional Solid Waste Management of West Java that have allowed for this research.

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