BJT FAMILIARIZATION AND CHARACTERISTIC

PART I. TRANSISTOR IDENTIFICATION AND TESTING

o Can this method applicable to transistors?
 Yes
o Briefly explain how you can identify the base of any transistor.

PART II. COMMON-EMITTER OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC CURVE

Common-Emitter Output Characteristic Curve

PART III. COMMON-BASE OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC CURVE

Common-Base Output Characteristic Curve

DATA AND RESULTS
Table 1: Common-Emitter Output Characteristic Data

VCE IB = 40 µA IB = 30 µA IB = 20 µA IB = 10 µA
0.1 V 3.65 mA 2.80 mA 1.80 mA 0.80 mA
0.2 V 3.65 mA 2.85 mA 1.85 mA 0.90 mA
0.3 V 3.65 mA 2.85 mA 1.85 mA 0.90 mA
0.4 V 3.65 mA 2.85 mA 1.85 mA 0.90 mA
0.5 V 3.65 mA 2.85 mA 1.85 mA 0.85 mA
0.7 V 3.65 mA 2.85 mA 1.85 mA 0.85 mA
1.0 V 3.70 mA 2.85 mA 1.85 mA 0.85 mA
2.0 V 3.70 mA 2.85 mA 1.85 mA 0.90 mA
4.0 V 3.70 mA 2.85 mA 1.90 mA 0.90 mA
6.0 V 3.70 mA 2.85 mA 1.90 mA 0.90 mA
8.0 V 3.75 mA 2.85 mA 1.90 mA 0.90 mA

Table 2: Common-Base Output Characteristic Data

VCE IE = 7 mA IE = 6 m A IE = 5 mA IE= 4 mA
0.1 V 6.900 mA 5.880 mA 4.928 mA 3.868 mA
0.2 V 6.880 mA 5.860 mA 4.922 mA 3.858 mA
0.3 V 6.880 mA 5.860 mA 4.920 mA 3.852 mA
0.4 V 6.880 mA 5.860 mA 4.982 mA 3.854 mA
0.5 V 6.880 mA 5.840 mA 4.966 mA 3.858 mA
0.6 V 6.880 mA 5.840 mA 5.004 mA 3.860 mA
0.8 V 6.880 mA 5.840 mA 5.008 mA 3.854 mA
1.0 V 6.880 mA 5.840 mA 5.010 mA 3.858 mA
2.0 V 6.900 mA 5.860 mA 5.016 mA 3.858 mA
4.0 V 6.960 mA 5.880 mA 5.032 mA 3.868 mA
6.0 V 7.000 mA 5.920 mA 5.036 mA 3.882 mA
8.0 V 7.020 mA 5.940 mA 5.038 mA 3.902 mA

QUESTIONS/ ANSWERS:
 1. Make a comparison between a common-emitter and a common-base
characteristic curve.
2. Can we identify an NPN from a PNP transistor using an ohmmeter? How?
3. How do you obtain the βdc and βac of a common-emitter configuration using the
data in Table 1. Give at least three sets of values.
4. How do you obtain the αdc and αac of a common-base configuration using the
data in Table 2. Give at least three sets of values.
5. Why is it that the source Voltage, Vcc in the common-emitter circuit was chosen
to be 10.7 volts? Support your answer.
CONCLUSIONS
 BJT OPERATION AND BIASING
PRE LABORATORY:
PART I. TRANSISTOR REGIONS OF OPERATION
o What specific value/s will make you decide that the transistor is operated in the
cut off region?
o What value/s will make you decide that the transistor is operating in the
saturation region?
o What region of operation does this circuit is operating?
o What makes this operation different from the other two regions?
PART II. TRANSISTOR BIASING
o Do these values match with the measured values?
o If not, why?
o Compare the measured and the expected values, are they similar?
o Compare the measured values to the expected values, are these values similar
to the measured values?
DATA AND RESULTS
Table 1 Transistor Regions of Operation
Variables Cut-off Saturation Linear
VBE V V V
VBC V V V
VCE V V V
VRB V V V
VRC V V V
IB µA µA µA
IC mA mA mA

Table 2 Fixed Bias Circuit

Variables Measured Expected
VBE V V
VCE V V
VRB V V
 VRC V V
IB µA µA
IC mA mA

Table 3 Voltage Divider Bias Circuit

Variables Measured Expected
VBE V V
VCE V V
VR1 V V
VR2 V V
VRC V V
IB µA µA
IC mA mA

Table 4 Self-Bias Circuit

Variables Measured Expected
VBE V V
VCE V V
VRB V V
VRC V V
VRE V V
IB µA µA
IC mA mA
IE mA mA

QUESTIONS/ANSWERS:
1. Can we use the circuit in figure 1 as a logic inverter? Explain how.
2. Explain how to obtain the operating point (Q-point) of any transistor?
 3. Why it is that only the current amplification for the common-base and the
common-emitter are specified in the transistor data specifications?

CONCLUSIONS
 SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIER
PART I. COMMON-BASE AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT
o Is the output voltage in-phase with the input voltage?
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
Voltage gain , 𝐴𝑣 = = =
𝑉𝑖𝑛

o Is the measured voltage gain equivalent to the computed voltage gain?

PART II COMMON-EMITTER AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT

o Is the output voltage in-phase with the input voltage?
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
Voltage gain , 𝐴𝑣 = = = (w/out capacitor)
𝑉𝑖𝑛

o What do you observe?

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝐴𝑣 = = =
𝑉𝑖𝑛
−𝑅𝐶
𝐴𝑣 = = =
𝑟𝑒
o Are the measured voltage gain identical to the expected voltage gain?

PART III COMMON-COLLECTOR AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT

o Is the output voltage in-phase with the input voltage?
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
Voltage gain , 𝐴𝑣 = = =
𝑉𝑖𝑛

αR𝑐
𝐴𝑣 = = = common-base gain
𝑟𝑒

−𝑅𝐶
𝐴𝑣 = 𝑟𝑒+𝑅𝑒 = = common-emitter gain
𝑅𝑒
𝐴𝑣 = 𝑟𝑒+𝑅𝑒 = = common-collector gain

o Compare these values to the measured values, are they similar?

o Which among the three configurations produce the highest voltage gain?
DATA AND RESULTS
Common-base Input-Output Waveforms

Common-Emitter Input-Output Waveforms

 Common-Collector Input-Output Waveform

QUESTIONS
1. Which among the three transistors configuration produces the highest a.) power
gain? And b.) current gain? Show your solution to support your answer
2. Describe the input/output voltage relationship in each transistor configuration.
3. What is the purpose of a.) coupling capacitor? B.) bypass capacitor?
CONCLUSIONS