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Rolle’s Theorem:-
Sol Let,
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5
We observe that
1. 𝑓 𝑥 is continuous in [1,5]
2. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5
∴ 𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 6
∴ 𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑥 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
∴ 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 (1,5)
3. 𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓 1
= 1−6+5
=0
𝑓 𝑏 =𝑓 5
= 5 2−6 5 +5
= 25 − 30 + 5
=0
∴ 𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓(𝑏)
∴ By Rolle’s Theorem,
𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑐 = 0
∴ 2𝐶 − 6 = 0
∴ 2𝐶 = 6
2
∴ 𝐶 = 3 𝜖 (1,5)
Sol Let,
𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
We observe that
1) 𝑓 𝑥 is continuous in [0, 𝜋]
2) 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
∴ 𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
∴ 𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑥 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
∴ 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 0, 𝜋
3) 𝑓 𝑎 =𝑓 0
= sin 0
=0
𝑓 𝑏 =𝑓 𝜋
= sin 𝜋
=0
∴ 𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓(𝑏)
∴ By Rolle’s Theorem,
∃ 𝑐 𝜖 0, 𝜋 such that
𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑐 = 0
∴ cos 𝑐 = 0
∴ 𝑐 = ± 𝜋 2 , ± 3𝜋 2 , ± 5𝜋 2 , ± − − − − − − − − −
∴ 𝑐 = 𝜋 2 𝜖 (0, 𝜋)
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
Ex:-3] Verify Rolle’s Theorem for 𝒇 𝒙 = in [0,π] .
𝒆𝒙
Sol Let,
sin 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥
We observe that
1) 𝑓 𝑥 is continuous in [0, 𝜋]
3
sin 𝑥
2) 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 . cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 . 𝑒 𝑥
∴ 𝑓 ̍ʹ 𝑥 =
𝑒𝑥 2
∴ 𝑓 ̍ʹ 𝑥 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
∴ 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 (0, 𝜋)
3) 𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓 0
sin 0
= 𝑒0
=0
𝑓 𝑏 =𝑓 𝜋
sin 𝜋
= 𝑒𝜋
=0
∴ 𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓(𝑏)
∴ By Rolle’s Theorem,
∃ 𝑐 𝜖 0, 𝜋 such that
𝑓 ̍ʹ 𝑐 = 0
𝑒 𝑐 .𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶 .𝑒 𝐶
∴ 2 =0
𝑒𝐶
𝑒 𝐶 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑐 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐. 𝑒 𝐶 = 0
⇒ 𝑒 𝐶 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑐 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐) = 0
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑐 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 = 0
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑐 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐
𝜋
⇒𝑐= 𝜖 0, 𝜋
4
𝒎 𝒏
Ex:-4] Verify Rolle’s Theorem for 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙−𝒂 . 𝒙−𝒃 on [a,b]
Sol Let,
𝑚 𝑛
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥−𝑎 . 𝑥−𝑏
We observe that
1) 𝑓 𝑥 is continuous in [a,b]
4
𝑚 𝑛
2) 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑎 . 𝑥−𝑏
𝑚 𝑛−1
∴ 𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑎 .𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑏 + 𝑥 − 𝑏 𝑛. 𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑏 𝑚 −1
∴ 𝑓 ̍ʹ 𝑥 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
∴ 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 (𝑎, 𝑏)
3) 𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓 𝑎
𝑚
= 𝑎−𝑎 . (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛
=0
𝑓 𝑏 =𝑓 𝑏
𝑚
= 𝑏−𝑎 . (𝑏 − 𝑏)𝑛
=0
∴ 𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓(𝑏)
∴ By Rolle’s Theorem,
𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑐 = 0
∴ (𝑐 − 𝑎)𝑚 . 𝑛 𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑛−1
+ 𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑛 . 𝑛(𝑐 − 𝑎)𝑚 −1 = 0
∴ (𝑐 − 𝑎)𝑚 −1 . 𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑛−1
𝑛 𝑐−𝑎 +𝑚 𝑐−𝑏 =0
⇒ (𝑐 − 𝑎)𝑚 −1 = 0, 𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑛−1
= 0, 𝑛 𝑐 − 𝑎 + 𝑚 𝑐 − 𝑏 = 0
⇒ 𝑐 = 𝑎, 𝑐=𝑏 𝑛𝑐 + 𝑚𝑐 = 𝑚𝑏 + 𝑛𝑎
⇒ 𝑐 = 𝑎 ∉ 𝑎, 𝑏 , 𝑐 = 𝑏 ∉ 𝑎, 𝑏 , 𝑐(𝑛 + 𝑚) = 𝑚𝑏 + 𝑛𝑎
mb +na
𝑐= ϵ(a, 𝑏)
m+n
𝒙𝟐 +𝒂𝒃
Ex:-5] Verify Rolle’s Theorem for 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈 on [a,b] .
𝒂+𝒃 𝒙
Sol Let,
𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑏
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑎+𝑏 𝑥
We observe that
5
1) 𝑓 𝑥 is continuous in [a,b]
𝑥 2 +𝑎𝑏
2) 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎+𝑏 𝑥
2
𝑓 𝑥 = log 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏 − log 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑥
1 1
∴ 𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑥 = 2 2𝑥 − (𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑥
2𝑥 1
𝑓 ̍ʹ 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 +𝑎𝑏 − 𝑥
∴ 𝑓 ̍ʹ 𝑥 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
∴ 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 (𝑎, 𝑏)
3) 𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓 𝑎
𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎
𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔1
=0
𝑓 𝑏 =𝑓 𝑏
𝑏 2 +𝑎𝑏
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏
2
𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑏 2 + 𝑎𝑏
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔1
=0
∴ 𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓(𝑏)
∴ By Rolle’s Theorem,
𝑓 ̍ʹ 𝑐 = 0
2𝑐 1
∴ − =0
𝑐2 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑐
2𝑐 2 − 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 = 0
𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 = 0
𝑐 2 = 𝑎𝑏
∴ 𝑐 = ± 𝑎𝑏
∴ 𝑐 = − 𝑎𝑏 ∉ 𝑎, 𝑏 & 𝑐 = 𝑎𝑏 𝜖 𝑎, 𝑏
6
Sol Let,
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 (sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥)
We observe that
= 2𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
∴ 𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑥 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
3) 𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓 π/4
= 𝑒 π/4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 π/4 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 π/4
π 1 1
= 𝑒4 −
2 2
=0
𝑓 𝑏 = 𝑓 5π/4
5π 5π 5π
= 𝑒 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠
4 4
5π π π
= 𝑒4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 π + − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 π +
4 4
5π
π π
= 𝑒 4 −𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠
4 4
5π −1 1
= 𝑒4 +
2 2
=0
∴ 𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓(𝑏)
∴ By Rolle’s Theorem,
𝑓 ̍ʹ 𝑐 = 0
7
∴ 2𝑒 𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 = 0
∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 = 0
π 5π
∴ 𝑐 =𝜋𝜖 ,
4 4
State and prove Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem.
Statement:-
Such that,
𝑓 𝑏 − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑓 ̍(𝑐) =
𝑏−𝑎
Proof:-Let us define the following function on [𝑎, 𝑏] as
Φ 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝜆. 𝑥 − − − − − ❶ 1
Φ a = Φ(b)
∴ 𝑓 𝑎 + 𝜆. 𝑎 = 𝑓 𝑏 + 𝜆. 𝑏
∴ 𝜆𝑎 − 𝜆𝑏 = 𝑓 𝑏 − 𝑓(𝑎)
−𝜆 𝑏 − 𝑎 = 𝑓 𝑏 − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑓 𝑏 −𝑓 𝑎
−𝜆 = −−−−− 2 ❷
𝑏−𝑎
Now,
3) Also
Φ a = Φ(b)
∴ By Rolle’s Theorem,
∴ Φ ̍ʹ 𝑐 = 0
∴ 𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑐 + 𝜆 = 0
∴ 𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑐 = −𝜆
𝑓 𝑏 −𝑓 𝑎
∴ 𝑓ʹ′ 𝑐 ʹ = − − − − − from eqn 2
𝑏−𝑎
Sol Let
𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 10
We observe that
1. 𝑓 𝑥 is continuous in [2,5]
2. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 10
𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑥 = 4𝑥 − 7
∴ 𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑥 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
∴ 𝑓 𝑥 is differentiable in (2,5)
∴𝑓(𝑥) satisfied both the conditions of L.M.V.T
𝑓 𝑏 − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑐 = −−−−−−− 1 ❶
𝑏−𝑎
Now, 𝑓 𝑏 = 𝑓 5
= 2(5)2 − 7 5 + 10
= 50 − 35 + 10
= 50 − 25
= 25
9
𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓(2)
= 2(2)2 − 7 2 + 10
= 8 − 14 + 10
=8−4
=4
∴eqn(1) becomes,
25 − 4
4𝑐 − 7 =
5−2
21
∴ 4𝑐 − 7 = 3
∴ 4𝑐 − 7 = 7
∴ 4𝑐 = 14
∴ 𝑐 = 14/4
∴ 𝑐 = 7/2
∴ 𝑐 = 3.5 𝜖(2,5)
Sol Let
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)
𝑓 𝑥 = (𝑥 2 − 𝑥)(𝑥 − 2)
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
We observe that
1) 𝑓 𝑥 is continuous in [0,1/2]
2) 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
∴ 𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 2
∴ 𝑓 ̍ʹ 𝑥 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
∴ 𝑓 𝑥 is differentiable in (0,1/2)
𝑓 𝑏 − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑓ʹ ̍ 𝑐 = −−−−− 1 ❶
𝑏−𝑎
Now, 𝑓 𝑏 = 𝑓 1/2
1 1 1
= −1 −2
2 2 2
1 1 3
= − −
2 2 2
3
=
8
𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓(0)
= 0(0 − 1)(0 − 2)
=0(-1)(-2)
=0
∴ eqn(1) becomes
3
−0
∴ 3𝑐 − 6𝑐 + 2 = 81
2
−1
2
3
3𝑐 2 − 6𝑐 + 2 =
4
12𝑐 2 − 24𝑐 + 8 = 3
12𝑐 2 − 24𝑐 + 5 = 0
24 ± 576 − 4(12)(5)
∴ 𝑐=
2(12)
24 ± 576 − 240
∴𝑐=
24
24 ± 336
∴𝑐=
24
336
∴𝑐 = 1±
24
336 336
∴𝑐 = 1+ ∉ 0, 1/2 & 1− 𝜖 0, 1/2
24 24
11
𝒃−𝒂 𝒃−𝒂
Ex:-3] Show that 𝟏+𝒃𝟐 < 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒃 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒂 < 𝟏+𝒂𝟐and hence
𝝅 𝟑 𝟒 𝝅 𝟏
Show that 𝟒 + 𝟐𝟓 < 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝟑 < 𝟒 + 𝟔
SolLet
𝑓 𝑥 = tan−1 𝑥 on [𝑎, 𝑏]
We observe that
1) 𝑓 𝑥 is continous in [𝑎, 𝑏]
2) 𝑓 𝑥 = tan−1 𝑥
∴ 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 exist
∴ 𝑓 𝑥 is differentiable in (a,b).
1 tan−1 𝑏 − tan−1 𝑎
= −−−−−−−− 1
1 + c2 b−a
Now, 𝑐 𝜖 (𝑎, 𝑏)
⇒𝑎<𝑐<𝑏
⇒ 𝑎2 < 𝑐 2 < 𝑏 2
⇒ 1 + 𝑎2 < 1 + 𝑐 2 < 1 + 𝑏 2
1 1 1
⇒ > >
1 + a2 1 + c 2 1 + b 2
1 tan −1 𝑏 − tan −1 𝑎 1
∴ > > 1+b 2 − − − − from eqn 1
1+a 2 b−a
b−a b−a
∴ > tan−1 𝑏 − tan−1 𝑎 > 1+b 2
1+a 2
b−a −1 −1
b−a
𝑖. 𝑒. < tan 𝑏 − tan 𝑎 <
1 + b2 1 + a2
We get
12
4 4
−1 4 −1
3
16 < tan−1 3 − tan−1 1 < 1+1
3
1+
9
1 1
3 4 𝜋
25 < tan−1 − < 3
3 4 2
9
3 4 𝜋 1
< tan−1 3 − 4 < 6
25
𝜋 3 4 𝜋 1
+ < tan−1 < +
4 25 3 4 6
𝐚 𝒃 𝒃
Ex:-4] Show that 𝟏 − 𝐛 < 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 < 𝒂 − 𝟏 and hence
𝟏 𝟔 𝟏
Show that 𝟔 < 𝐥𝐨𝐠 <𝟓
𝟓
Sol Let
𝑓 𝑥 = log 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 [𝑎, 𝑏]
We observe that
1) 𝑓 𝑥 is continous in [𝑎, 𝑏]
2) 𝑓 𝑥 = log 𝑥
1
∴ 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 𝑥
∴ 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 exist
∴ 𝑓 𝑥 is differentiable in (a,b).
1 log b −log a
∴c= −−−−−− 1
b−a
Now, 𝑐 𝜖(𝑎, 𝑏)
⇒𝑎<𝑐<𝑏
1 1 1
⇒𝑎>𝑐 >𝑏
1 log b −log a 1
⇒𝑎> > 𝑏 − − − − − −𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑛 1
b−a
13
b−a b−a
⇒ > log b −log a >
𝑎 𝑏
b a
⇒ − 1 > log b −log a > 1 −
𝑎 b
b b 𝑎
− 1 > log 𝑎 > 1 − 𝑏
𝑎
a b b
𝑖. 𝑒. 1 − b < log 𝑎 < 𝑎 − 1
Put 𝑏 = 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = 5
5 6 6
1 − 6 < log <5−1
5
1 6 1
< log <5
6 5
Statement:-
Let
Φ 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝜆𝑔 𝑥 − − − − − 1
𝛷 𝑎 = 𝛷(𝑏)
∴ 𝑓 𝑎 + 𝜆𝑔 𝑎 = 𝑓 𝑏 + 𝜆𝑔(𝑏)
∴ 𝜆𝑔 𝑎 − 𝜆𝑔 𝑏 = 𝑓 𝑏 − 𝑓(𝑎)
∴ −𝜆 𝑔 𝑏 − 𝑔 𝑎 = 𝑓 𝑏 − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑓 𝑏 −𝑓(𝑎)
∴ −𝜆 = 𝑔 −−−−−−−− 2
𝑏 −𝑔(𝑎)
3) Also 𝛷 𝑎 = 𝛷(𝑏)
∴ By Rolle’s Theorem
∴ 𝛷′ (𝑐) = 0
∴ 𝑓′ 𝑐 + 𝜆𝑔′ 𝑐 = 0 ∵ 𝛷′ 𝑥 = 𝑓′ 𝑥 + 𝜆𝑔′(𝑥)
∴ 𝑓′ 𝑐 = −𝜆𝑔′ 𝑐
𝑓′ 𝑐
∴ = −𝜆
𝑔′ 𝑐
𝑓′ 𝑐 𝑓 𝑏 −𝑓 𝑎
∴ = − − − − − −from eqn 2
𝑔′ 𝑐 𝑔 𝑏 −𝑔 𝑎
We observe that
𝜋
1. 𝑓 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑛 0, 2
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 and 𝑔 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
𝜋
3. 𝑔′ 𝑥 = − sin 𝑥 ≠ 0 𝑖𝑛 0, 2
𝑓′ 𝑐 𝑓 𝑏 −𝑓 𝑎
=𝑔 −−−−−− 1
𝑔′ 𝑐 𝑏 −𝑔 𝑎
Now,
𝜋
𝑓 𝑏 =𝑓 2
𝜋
= sin 2
=1
𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓(0)
= sin 0
=0
also,
𝜋
𝑔 𝑏 =𝑔 2
𝜋
= cos 2
=0
𝑔 𝑎 = cos 0
=1
− cot 𝑐 = −1
𝜋 𝜋
𝑐= 𝜖 0,
4 2
Formulae:-
𝒂+𝒃
1) Arithmetic mean :- 𝒄 = 𝟐
𝟐𝒂𝒃
2) Hormonic mean:- 𝒄 = 𝒂+𝒃
3) Geometric mean:-𝒄 = 𝒂𝒃
Examples:-
Ex:1]If 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 and 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒆−𝒙 . Show that ‘C’ of C.M.V.T is the Arithmetic mean
between a & b
16
Sol
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑖𝑛 [𝑎, 𝑏]
We observe that,
∴ 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑔′ 𝑥 = −𝑒 −𝑥
∴ 𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔′ 𝑥 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
3) 𝑔′ 𝑥 ≠ 0 𝑖𝑛 (𝑎, 𝑏)
𝑓′ 𝑐 𝑓 𝑏 −𝑓 𝑎
=
𝑔′ 𝑐 𝑔 𝑏 −𝑔 𝑎
𝑒𝑐 𝑒𝑏 − 𝑒𝑎
∴ =
−𝑒 −𝑐 𝑒 −𝑏 − 𝑒 −𝑎
𝒆𝒃 − 𝒆𝒂
∴ −𝒆𝒄+𝒄 = 𝟏 𝟏
− 𝒆𝒂
𝒆𝒃
𝟐𝒄
− 𝒆𝒃 − 𝒆𝒂
∴ −𝒆 = 𝒆𝒂 −𝒆𝒃
𝒆𝒂 .𝒆𝒃
− 𝒆𝒃 − 𝒆𝒂
∴ −𝒆𝟐𝒄 = 𝒆𝒂 −𝒆𝒃
𝒆𝒂+𝒃
∴ 𝑒 2𝑐 = 𝑒 𝑎+𝑏
∴ 2𝑐 = 𝑎 + 𝑏
𝑎+𝑏
∴ 𝑐= 𝜖 𝑎, 𝑏
2
Hence , ‘C’ is the Arithmetic mean between a & b
𝟏 𝟏
Ex:-2]If 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 and 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 Show that ‘c’ of C.M.V.T is the hormonic mean
between a and b.
17
1 1
Sol Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 on [𝑎, 𝑏]
We observe that,
1 1
1) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 −2
−1 −2
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 𝑔′ 𝑥 =
𝑥2 𝑥3
2) 𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔′ 𝑥 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
𝑓′ 𝑐 𝑓 𝑏 −𝑓 𝑎
=
𝑔′ 𝑐 𝑔 𝑏 −𝑔 𝑎
−1 1 1
−𝑎
𝑐2 𝑏
∴ −2 = 1 1
− 𝑎2
𝑐3 𝑏2
𝑎−𝑏
c 𝑎𝑏
∴ = 𝑎 2 −𝑏 2
2
𝑎2𝑏2
𝑎−𝑏
c 𝑎𝑏
∴ = 𝑎+𝑏 (𝑎−𝑏)
2
𝑎2𝑏2
c ab
∴ =
2 a+b
2𝑎𝑏
∴ 𝑐= 𝜖 𝑎, 𝑏
𝑎+𝑏
Hence , ‘ C ’ is the Hormonic mean between a & b
𝟏
Ex:-3] If 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 and 𝒈 𝒙 = Show that ‘c’ of C.M.V.T is the geometricic mean
𝒙
between a and b.
1
Sol Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 and 𝑔 𝑥 = on [𝑎, 𝑏]
𝑥
We observe that,
1
2) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥
1 1 1
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 2 𝑔′ 𝑥 = − 2
𝑥 𝑥 3/2
𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔′ 𝑥 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
𝑓′ 𝑐 𝑓 𝑏 −𝑓 𝑎
=
𝑔′ 𝑐 𝑔 𝑏 −𝑔 𝑎
1
2 𝑐 b− a
∴ 1 1 = 1 1
−
2 1/𝑐 𝑐 b a
b− a
∴ −𝑐 =
a− b
a b
− a− b
∴ −𝑐 =
a− b
𝑎𝑏
∴ 𝑐 = 𝑎𝑏 𝜖 𝑎, 𝑏