Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By way of introduction
here are some anecdotal examples justifying the sorting of cultivars, a task regarded by some as too
difficult, and considered pointless by far too many people.
"The Karat banana in the Pacific Island of Pohnpei, Micronesia, was languishing in neglect in a few
restricted sites for several decades until analysis was carried out on its micronutrient content. The fruit
has such high levels of provitamin A carotenoids that it has the potential to play a key role in
improving the nutritional status of children in the developing world. Karat has since become an
emblem for Pohnpei.
Unfortunately, too little is known about the vast majority of banana cultivars, especially rarer varieties
that are less marketable or restricted to particular indigenous groups or geographical areas which are
coming under increasing global influences. These trends exacerbate the underutilization of diversity. "
Biodiversity International site 2011.
"Preliminary results suggest that several popular cultivars consumed in Cameroon have more than ten
times the carotenoids content of Cavendish dessert bananas. Consuming around two orange-fleshed
plantain fruit a day has the potential of providing an adult’s recommended vitamin A requirement. "
Biodiversity International site 2011.
"Wasteful duplication in the conduct of basic studies could have been avoided had researchers in
Southeast Asia known that the banana cultivars they studied separately were actually one and the
same clone. Knowledge of synonyms can promote regional understanding and communication as well
as banana trade and commerce." R. V. Valmayor et al.
While "India has around 200 banana varieties..." Dr N Barathi..."... the famous commercial cultivar
'Poovan' has more than 27 synonyms in India alone." A Tentative Key for Identification and
Classification of Indian Bananas by H.P. Singh.
If we consider that each cultivar has 10 synonyms on average there is enough material in India alone
to totally confuse many researchers. After all India has at least a dozen main languages (that we
attempt to cover), leaving aside all lesser known languages and dialects.
Cultivars are listed below alphabetically sorted under each respective group.
MALAY : Pisang berlin (Indonesia), Pisang empat puluh hari, Pisang lampung (Indonesia), Pisang
lemak manis.
ENGLISH : Crocodile fingers banana, Malaysian crocodile fingers banana, Monkey fingers banana.
This should not be confused with the Thai crocodile fingers banana Musa (AAB group) "Kluai Niu
charache".
THAI : กล �วยเล�บม�ออนาง Kluay leb mue nang (Kluai lep meu naang).
THAI : �
กล �วยน� านม Kluai naam nom.
THAI : กล �วยทองร�วง Kluai tong ruang, กล �วยไข�ทองร�วง Kluay kai thong ruang (Kluai khai
thoung roung).
A little confusion with 'Lakatan Yellow' (AAA group) and 'Lakatan Red' (AAA group).
ENGLISH : Lady finger banana, Sugar banana, Finger banana, Fig banana, Date banana, Edible
banana type AAB ?
FRENCH : Banane-figue, Banane mignonne, Figue sucrée (West Indies), Banane figue sucrée,
Banane doigt de dame, Banane naine, Banana ficaire, Bananier "Sucrier".
MALAY : Amasan (Indonesia), Biu mas (Bali), Pisang emas (Indonesia), Pisang mas, Pisang mas
besar, Pisang mas Kampung.
SPANISH: Dedo de Dama, Guineo niño, Guineo blanco (Puerto Rico), Cambur Titiaro (Colombia,
Venezuela), Bocadillo (Colombia).
SPANISH : Bananito (Ecuador), Banano bocadillo (Colombia), El orito (Ecuador), Niño, Orito
ecuatoriano.
MALAY : Pisang ekor kuda, Pisang empat puluh, Pisang lemak manis (Indonesia), Pisang lemak
manis terenganu, Pisang lidi, Pisang lilin (Indonesia), Pisang mas sagura, Pisang muli (Indonesia).
THAI : กล �วยเล�บม�อนาง (Kluai Leb Mu Nang), กล �วยทอง กาบด�า (Kluai Thong Kab
�
Dam), กล �วย ทองข�แมว �
Kluai tong kee maew (Kluai thong khi meew), กล �วยทองข�แมง Kluai
thong khi meew.
Due to its belonging to the Inarnibal subgroup some Inarnibal synonyms are sometimes attributed to
this cultivar. On the other hand it may be that 'Inarnibal' is synonymous with 'Senorita'. The name
"Senorita" is also sometimes wrongly applied to 'Ladies Fingers' in Japan.
Musa (AA Group) 'Veinte Cohol' -> Musa (AA group) 'Pisang Masam'
TAGALOG : Ambon.
THAI : กล �วยหอมดอกไม� Kluai hom dok mai.
Musa acuminata Colla (AAA Group) 'Cuban Red' -> Musa acuminata Colla (AAA Group)
'Red Dacca'
ARABIC : Maouz siny, الموز الهندي Moz el hindi, الموز هيندي Moz hindi.
CHINESE : 粉蕉 Fen jiao, 香牙蕉 Xiang ya jiao (Taiwan), Ai keuk heung ngar tsiu
(Cantonese).
DUTCH: Dwergbanaan.
ENGLISH: Chinese dwarf banana, Dwarf cavendish, Dwarf cavendish banana, Cavendish banana,
Dwarf banana, Fruit banana.
FINNISH: Kääpiöbanaani.
FRENCH: Banane Cavendish, Banane Cavendish 'Petite naine', Bananier Cavendish 'Petit nain',
Bananier d'intèrieur.
HINDI : Basrai, Bhusawal, Jahaji, Kabulee, Pacha wara, Pacha vazhai, Sindhurni, Singapuri,
Vamanakeli.
MALAY : Pisang badak (Indonesia), Pisang kapal, Pisang morosebo (Indonesia), Pisang serendah.
MALAYALAM : Gidda Vamanakeli, Vamanakeli.
PORTUGUESE: Banana aña, Banana cavendish, Banana nanica, Cavendish aña, Caturra (Brazil),
Banana da China.
SPANISH: Banano Cavendish Enano, Banano enano, Bananero del subgrupo Cavendish 'Pequeña
Enana', Guineo enano (Colombia), Camburi pigmeo (Venezuela), Cachaco, Cuatrofilos, Colicero,
Carapé, Popocho.
TELUGU : Bhushavali, Chinna patcha arati, Chitivali, Gidda Vamanakeli, Potti Arati.
THAI : กล �วยหอมเข�ยว��อม Kluai hom kieow khom (Kluai hom khieo khom), กล �วยหอม
��อม Kluai hom khom (Klue hom kom).
See also Musa (AAA group) ' Meika ‘Āmoa ' another dwarf cultivar from the AAA group. We are not
confident at all regarding the names from India, particularly the languages they are attributed to.
ENGLISH: 'Congo' banana (Surinam, West Indies), Giant cavendish banana, Cavendish banana, Fruit
banana, 'Mons Mari' banana (Aust.).
HINDI : Harichal.
SPANISH : Bananero del subgrupo Cavendish 'Giant Cavendish', Banano Enano gigante.
TAGALOG : Tumok.
VISAYAN : Tumok.
FRENCH : Banane monsieur (Seychelles), Figue rose-blanche (West Indies), Figue créole blanche
(Martinique).
HINDI : Venkadali.
MALAY : Pisang mundam, Pisang potho hijau (Indonesia), Pisang raja udang hijau, Pisang telor
(Indonesia).
SINHALESE : Galanamalu.
SPANISH : Morado verde, Colorado blanco, Rojo verde, Tafetan verde (Colombia).
TAMIL : Venkadali.
BURMESE : Thihmwe.
MALAY : Pisang Ambon, Pisang ambon kuning (Indonesia), Pisang bunga, Pisang embun, Pisang
embung (Indonesia), Pisang masak hitam, Pisang medji, Pisang sri.
SINHALESE : Anamala.
SPANISH: Platano "Gros Michel", Guineo gigante (Puerto Rico), Banano, Platano roatan (Mexico).
TAGALOG : Lakatan.
A little confusion with 'Lacatan' (AA group) and 'Lakatan Yellow' (AAA group).
Musa (AAA Group) 'Lakatan Yellow'
SYNONYM(S) : Musa acuminata Colla (Cavendish Group) 'Lacatan' ?
TAGALOG : Lakatan.
A little confusion with 'Lacatan' (AA group) and 'Lakatan Red' (AAA group).
BURMESE : Thihmwe.
ENGLISH : Indonesian cavendish banana, Jamaican Lacatan, Lacatan banana (Jamaica), Tall
cavendish. (see "Confusing Names").
MALAY : Pisang jelai, Pisang masak hijau, Pisang embun lumut, Pisang ambon lumut (Indonesia),
Pisang ambon loemoet (Indonesia), Pisang berangan , Pisang barangan (Indonesia).
PORTUGUESE : Mestiça.
THAI : กล �วยหอมเข�ยว Kluai hom kieow ( Kluai hom khieo, Kluai hom kiau, Klue hom kiau).
DANISH : Dvaergbanan.
DUTCH : Dwergbanaan.
This is a dwarf banana of the AAA group, but not the cultivar 'Dwarf Cavendish'. Not surprisingly the
common names are mixed-up.
UNIDENTIFIED : Mudwale (Gisu dialect), Nakibizzi (Ganda dialect), Wansimirayo (Nkore dialect).
Musa acuminata Colla (AAA Group) 'Poyo' -> Musa acuminata Colla (AAA Group)
'Robusta'
ENGLISH : Red dacca (Australia), Red banana, 'Red' banana (USA), Claret banana, Cavendish
banana "Cuban Red", Jamaican red banana, Pink banana (Hawaii), Red cavendish banana.
FRENCH : Figue rose (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Figue rouge (Haiti), Figue rouge-vin, Figue violette
(Guadeloupe), Bacove violette (French Guiana), Banane rouge, Banane violette, Banane de Cuba.
HINDI : Agniswar, Anupam, Chandrabale, Chenkadali, Chevvazhai, Kembale, Lal kela, ल�ल
क�ल� Laal kelaa, Lal kera.
MALAY : Pisang raja udang, Pisang raja udang merah, Pisang udang (Indonesia).
SINHALESE : Rathambala.
SPANISH : Banano color clarete, Tafetan (Colombia), Tafetan morado (Colombia), Guineo morado
(Cuba), Colorado (Puerto Rico), Platano colorado.
TAGALOG : Morado.
TAMIL : Chenkadali.
BENGALI : Kanchkela.
HINDI : Harichal.
TAGALOG : Tudok.
TELUGU : Koti arati, Pedda pacha arati (Andhra Pradesh).
HINDI : Tellachekkerakeli.
TAMIL : Tellachekkerakeli.
ENGLISH : Karnakata fragrant banana, Kerala backyard banana, Lady's finger banana (see
"Confusing names"), Ney Poovan banana.
UNIDENTIFIED : Chini champa (North-East India), Hoobale (India), Kisubi (Uganda), Njali
poovan (India), Putta sugantha (India).
TAGALOG : Bungaoisan.
ENGLISH : Ornamental banana, Royal variegated banana, Variegated banana, White-striped banana.
FRENCH : Bananier à feuilles panachées, Banane à fruits panachés, Banane comestible à fruits
panachés, Bananier d'ornement à feuille panachée, Bananier de l' île d'Hawaï.
This is one of the two most outstandingly attractive of all Musa cultivars. The other Musa acuminata
Colla 'Siam Ruby' being mostly red with green variegations.
TAGALOG : Canara.
VIETNAMESE : Chuối tây bột, Chuối tây tiêu, Chuối xiêm mật.
CATALAN : Bananer de Canàries, Plàtan (fruit), Plàtan de taula (fruit), Plàtan de postres (fruit) ,
Plataner, Plataner de Canàries.
SPANISH : Banano de mesa, Banano de las Islas Canarias, Platanera de Canarias, platano de
Canarias, Plátano Canario, Plátano frances, Plátano pequeño amarillo.
This is a mixed bag of common names. some may apply to any number of other cultivars. The most
relevant names are bolded. It is becoming increasingly tempting to elliminate this as a cultivar. There
are a number of "French plantains" all falling under the Plantain subgroup. They appear to be mixed-
up with the various Horn plantains and still different to the true plantains or the Pacific plantains.
Canaries bananas may well be simply Cavendish.
TAMIL : Eleri.
This is a mixed bag of common names. some may apply to any number of other cultivars. The most
relevant names are bolded.
HINDI : Moongil.
MALAY : Pisang lang, Pisang tandok (Malaysia & Indonesia) (not to be confused with P. tandook /
P. tanduk).
PORTUGUESE: Banana corno, Banana de chifre, Banana pacova (Brazil), Farta velhaco
(Brazil), Banana macho.
SINHALESE : Kochchikehel.
SPANISH: Platano macho (Mexico), Harton de Castilla, Harton (Colombia, Puerto Rico), Platano
comun (Puerto Rico), Platano maricongo (Puerto Rico), Banano macho (Panama), Platano macho
(Cuba).
TAMIL : Karpurachakkarakeli.
THAI : �
กล �วยน� าฝาด Kluai nam phat (Glûay náam fàat).
TAGALOG : Laknau.
�
THAI : กล �วยน� วจระเข � Kluai niw jor ra kay (often wrongly transcribed as "Kluai niu charachne"
as in its cultivar name, or "Kluai niu charakne").
ENGLISH : Indian banana "Mysore", Mysore banana, Champa banana (North-East India).
HINDI : Champa (North-East India), Lal velchi (North-West India), Karpura chakkara keli (Southern
India).
SINHALESE : Honderawala.
THAI : กล �วยจ�น Kluai chin, กล �วยไข�ฝรง� � Kluai khai farang (Kluai kai farang, Klue kai
ferang), กล �วยล�งกา Kluai lanka.
THAI : � อนาง
กล �วย น� วม� Kluai niw meu naang, กล �วยหวาน Kluai waan.
HINDI : Nendran.
ENGLISH : 'Lady's Finger' banana (Australia), 'Brazilian' banana (Hawaii), Hill banana (Tamil
Nadu).
SINHALESE : Puwalu.
The following have also been used as synonyms for the cultivar name, although some should
obviously not be. Some names (ie. "Krishna Vazhai") apply to the subgroup Pome and / or other
specific cultivar(s) : ‘Apple’, ‘Bakweri’ (West Africa), ‘Brazilian’ (Florida), ‘Brazilian Red’,
‘Brazilian Tall’ (Hawai‘i), ‘Improved Lady’s Finger’ (Australia, western Pacific islands), ‘Kijakazi’
(Zanzibar), ‘Krishna Vazhai’ (India), ‘Lady’s Finger’, ‘Pime’ (Marquesas), ‘Pime pukiki’, ‘Preisihl’
(Micronesia), ‘Puwalu’ (Sri Lanka), ‘Rio’ (Tahiti, Marquesas), ‘Rio Pukiki’ (French Polynesia), ‘Rio
Rouge’ (French Polynesia), ‘Rio ‘Ute‘ute’ (Polynesia), ‘Sirumalai’ (India), ‘Tall Apple’, ‘Vannan’
(India).
Musa (AAB Group) 'Popoulu'
SYNONYM(S) : Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla (AAB Group) 'Popoulu', Musa discolor hort. ex
Horan
ENGLISH : King banana, Orange-fleshed Indian banana, Rajah banana , Rajahpuri banana, Thai red-
fleshed banana.
MALAY : Pisang raja (Malaysia & Indonesia), Biu raja (Bali, Java), Pisang raja bulu (Indonesia),
Pisang raja talun.
TAGALOG : Radja.
A small-fruited form and a form with large purple fruits have been reported !
The following have also been used as synonyms but we cannot confirm any. Amrithpani,
Amruthapani, Kulfiait, Malbhog, Mortman, Pedda Sugandam, Rasabale, Rastali, Sabri, Salsikola.
TAMIL : Valathan.
ENGLISH : Silk banana, Apple banana, Philippines dessert banana, Sugar banana (Australia), Dr
Turdan (Philippines), Silk fig, Tropical dessert banana.
MALAYALAM : Sonkel.
SINHALESE : Kolikutta.
SPANISH : Banana manzana, Banana maça (South America), Manzana, Manzano, Platano manzano.
TAMIL : Rasthali.
TELUGU : Amrithapani.
The following have also been used as synonyms for the cultivar name. We could confirm some but
not all. Some (ie. Rasthali) are better suited to the subgroup Fig.
‘Amorosa’, Amruthapani (Andhra Pradesh), ‘Apple’ (Florida, West Indies), ‘Avundumong’ (Papua
New Guinea), Cantong, Digjowa (India), Dudhsagar (India), ‘Hta-bat’ (Burma/Myanmar), ‘Katungal’
(Philippines), ‘Kipukusu’ (East Africa), ‘Kipungusu’(East Africa), ‘Kolikutt’ (Sri Lanka), Kozhikodu
(India), ‘LadyFinger’ (Hawai‘i), ‘Latundan’, ‘Letondal’, Madhuranga (India), Malbhog (Bihar),
‘Manzana’ (Latin America), ‘Manzano’ (Latin America), ‘Maramba’, Martaman (West Bengal), ‘Miti
Ruki’,‘Morthoman’, ‘Mutheli’ (Maharashtra), Nanjankode (India), ‘Pukusa’ (Zanzibar), Rasabale,
Rassabale (Karnataka), Saapkal (India), Sabri (India), ‘Sabari’ (India), ‘Sonkel’, ‘Sugar’
(Queensland-Australia), Suvandal (India), Thozhuvan (India), ‘Tiki’, ‘Tordan’, ‘Tundan’, ‘Turdan’,
‘Worodong’.
TAMIL : Thiruvananthapuram.
ENGLISH : Javanese cooking banana, Hawaiian banana, 'Ice Cream' banana (Hawaii), 'Blue
Java' banana (Fiji).
TAGALOG : Krie.
ENGLISH : Apple plantain, Cooking banana, Horse banana, Horse plantain, Hog banana, Mafoubay
(West Indies), Square cooker.
FRENCH : Banane cochon (Haiti), Cacambou (West Indies), Moko (West Indies), Poteau (West
Indies).
MALAY : Pisang abu keling, Pisang batu (Java), Pisang kelat abu, Pisang kepok hijau (Indonesia),
Pisang kosta (Indonesia).
SINHALESE : Mondan.
SPANISH : Platano burro, Chamaluco (Puerto Rico), Largo (French Polynesia, Mexico).
TAGALOG : Matavia.
THAI : � �า��อน
กล �วยน� าว Kluai naam waa khom.
TAMIL : Karpurachakkarakeli.
This cultivar has a number of synonyms, among them are: Bharat moni, Boodida, Chinali,
Jammulapalem, Jhurmani kanthali, Kanthali, Kosta bontha, Manohar, Pey kunnan, Pisang Awak,
Tammulapalem. But in fact which are strictly synonyms ?
THAI : � �าด�า
กล �วยน� าว Kluai nam wa dam (Glûay náam-wáa dam).
TAGALOG : Siusok.
THAI : � �าแดง
กล �วยน� าว Kluai naam waa daeng (Kluai namwa daeng) .
TAGALOG : Maduranga.
MALAY : Pisang abu Siam, Pisang batu, Pisang benggala barat, Pisang Siam.
THAI : �
กล �วยท�พย �รส Kluai tip rot, กล �วยส�นปล� Kluai sin bplee, กล �วยปล�หาย Kluai bplee
haai, กล �วย ��นเ��า Kluai dteen dtao, กล �วย พาโล Kluai paa loh, กล �วยท�พรส Kluai tip rot
(Kluai theppharot), Kluai pli hai, Kluai sang kivo.
Was previously thought to be an (ABBB group) cultivar and is now an (ABB group) cultivar.
THAI : � �า Kluai naam waa (Kluai nam wa, Klue nam wa), กล �วยอ�อง Kluai ong,
กล �วยน� าว
กล �วยใ� � Kluai tai (Chiang Mai).
Musa (ABB Group) 'Ney Vannan'
TAMIL : Vayal vazhai.
Some of these names may apply to subgroups or other cultivars such as the Tamil "Karpuravalli" and
"Karpura chakkarakeli".
ENGLISH : Cultivated cardaba banana, Saba banana, Papaya banana, Pawpaw banana, Sweet
plantain.
This should not be confiused with the Philippines Saba (BBB group).
ENGLISH : Silvery banana, Silver moko (West Indies), Thai cooking banana,
MALAY : Pisang abu perak, Pisang kosta putih (Indonesia), Pisang kepok awu (Indonesia), Pisang
nipal.
SPANISH : Cenizo.
TAGALOG : Katsila.
THAI : กล �วยห�กม�ก Kluai hak muk, กล �วยห�กม�กขาว Kluai hak muk khao.
Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla (ABB Group) 'Ice Cream' -> Musa acuminata x
balbisiana Colla (ABB Group) 'Blue Java'
THAI : �
กล �วยท�พย �รส Kluai tip rot, กล �วยส�นปล� Kluai sin bplee, กล �วยปล�หาย Kluai bplee
haai, กล �วย ��นเ��า Kluai dteen dtao, กล �วย พาโล Kluai paa loh, กล �วยท�พรส Kluai tip rot
(Kluai theppharot), Kluai pli hai, Kluai sang kivo.
VISAYAN : Cardaba.
This cultivar is no longer recognized in this group. Given that it was described as a wild cardaba, it
makes sense but what happens to these common names?
TAGALOG : Inabaniko.
THAI : กล �วยเทพพนม Kluai tayp pa nom (Kluai tappanom, Kluai theppanom), กล �วย
เทพนม Kluai tayp pa nom (Kluai tappanom, Kluai theppanom).
THAI : กล �วยเล�บ� �างก�ด Kluai lep chang kut, Lep chang kut.
MALAY : Pisang abu nipah, Pisang Nepah, Pisang nipah, Pisang Kepok (Indonesia), Pisang Sabah
(Indonesia).
Banane de Cuba (Martinique) = Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla (AAA Group) 'Red Dacca'
Banana de Cuba (Portuguese) = Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla (AAB Group) 'Silk'
Lacatan (West Indies, Jamaica, Latin America) = 'Masak Hijau' (Indonesia, Malaysia) (AAA Group)
Lady's Finger (Hawaii) = Lady's Finger (West Indies) = 'Ney Poovan' (India) (AB Group)
Lady's Finger (Hawaii) = 'Sucrier' (USA) (AA Group) <- main "Lady's Finger", most widely
distributed in the world
Lady's Finger (Australia) = 'Silk' (USA) (AAB Group) very likely misapplied, should read 'Pome'.
Lady's Finger (Fiji) = Lady's Finger (Egypt) = 'Mysore' (USA) (AAB Group)
Platano (Spanish - Spain, Canary Islands, most of Latin America) = Banana (most other languages).
Red Jamaican / Cuban Red = 'Red Dacca' (AAA Group) This needs checking
Saba (Philippines, Indonesia) = 'Saba' (BBB Group) = 'Asian Saba' (BBB Group) ?
Both botanical names below have been applied "correctly" and wrongly, by a multitude of authors, to
many sorts of bananas, at various times over the last few decades. According to some authorities, and
with the blessing of N.W. Simmonds, paradisiaca should have been applied to French Plantain and
sapientum to Silk Fig representing types or groups and / or cultivars (or more correctly clones). Both
fall into the AAB group.
Musa x paradisiaca L. = Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla (AAB Group) 'French Plantain'
Musa x sapientum L. = Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla (AAB Group) 'Silk Fig'