SECTION Theory&Verification Ver 460

PROGRAM: SECTION
THEORY MANUAL
&
VERIFICATION DOCUMENTATION
Jan-2008 Issued for version 4.6 AR

April-2006 Issued for version 4.5 AR
Jan-2004 Issued for version 4.1 AR
April-2003 Issued for version 4.0 AR
Oct-2001 Issued for program version 3.5 AR
Oct-1999 Issued for program version 3.0 AR
March-1998 Issued for program version 2.0 AR
DATE REASON FOR ISSUE / REVISION Made by
Phone: +46 (0)8 732 87 20 StruProg AB

Fax: +46 (0) 732 87 20 Virkesgränd 4
www.struprog.se S-183 63 Täby
E-mail: info@struprog.se Sweden
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Theory & Verification Manual Date: Jan - 2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
NOTATIONS................................................................................................................................. 4
1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 5
1.1. Database profiles............................................................................................................ 5
1.2. Solid profile .................................................................................................................... 6
1.3. General profiles.............................................................................................................. 6
1.4. Stiffened plate................................................................................................................. 6
1.5. Reinforced profiles......................................................................................................... 7
1.6. British profiles................................................................................................................ 7
1.7. Old profiles ..................................................................................................................... 7
1.8. Built-up section .............................................................................................................. 7
1.9. Units ................................................................................................................................ 7
2. REFERENCES.................................................................................................................... 8
3. THEORY MANUAL AND VERIFICATION DOCUMENTATION ............................ 9
3.1. DATABASE PROFILES............................................................................................... 9
3.1.1. HEA/HEB/HEM/IPE/INP/UPE/UNP ................................................................ 9
3.1.2. L-equal/L-unequal flanges .................................................................................. 10
3.1.3. L-ship .................................................................................................................... 12
3.1.4. Bulb Flat ............................................................................................................... 15
3.1.5. RHS/CFRHS/CHS ............................................................................................... 18
3.1.6. I-profile – data base............................................................................................. 19
3.1.7. T-profile – data base............................................................................................ 19
3.1.8. Tb-profile.............................................................................................................. 19
3.2. SOLID PROFILES ........................................................................................................ 21
3.2.1. Solid square .......................................................................................................... 21
3.2.2. Solid rectangle...................................................................................................... 22
3.2.3. Solid roundbar ..................................................................................................... 23
3.2.4. Railway rails......................................................................................................... 25
3.3. GENERAL PROFILES................................................................................................. 26
3.3.1. I-profile – symmetrical flanges ........................................................................... 26
3.3.2. I-profile – unsymmetrical flanges....................................................................... 28
3.3.3. T-profile................................................................................................................ 33
3.3.4. L-profile................................................................................................................ 34
3.3.5. Box – type 1 - symmetric/unsymmetric............................................................. 36
3.3.6. Box – type 2 .......................................................................................................... 39
3.3.7. HSQ – profile – symmetric bottom flange ......................................................... 41
3.3.8. HSQ – profile – unsymmetric bottom flange..................................................... 44
3.3.9. U - profile.............................................................................................................. 46
3.3.10. C – profile – cold formed..................................................................................... 48
3.3.11. X-profile................................................................................................................ 50
3.3.12. Tube ...................................................................................................................... 52
3.4. STIFFENED PLATE..................................................................................................... 54
3.4.1. Plate + flatbar ...................................................................................................... 54
3.4.2. Plate + L-rolled .................................................................................................... 56
3.4.3. Plate + L-welded .................................................................................................. 59
3.4.4. Plate + Bulb flat ................................................................................................... 61
3.4.5. Plate + I-profile .................................................................................................... 63
3.4.6. Plate + T-database ............................................................................................... 66
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3.4.7. Plate + T-built-up and T-bulb ............................................................................ 68

3.4.8. Plate+ U-horizontal.............................................................................................. 70
3.4.9. Plate + U-vertical ................................................................................................. 72
3.4.10. Plate + square stiffener........................................................................................ 75
3.4.11. Plate + rectangle stiffener ................................................................................... 77
3.4.12. Plate + bridgeprofile............................................................................................ 80
3.5. REINFORCED PROFILES.......................................................................................... 84
3.5.1. HEA/HEB/IPE – Reinforced –type 1 ................................................................. 84
3.5.5. I-profile – Reinforced –type 1............................................................................. 98
3.5.9. I-profile – unsymmetrical flanges - reinforced –type 1 .................................... 105
3.5.10. I-profile – unsymmetrical flanges - Reinforced –type 2 ................................... 106
3.5.11. I-profile – unsymmetrical flanges - Reinforced –type 3 ................................... 108
3.6. BRITISH PROFILES.................................................................................................... 110
3.6.1. UB/UC/UBP/J/PFC/CH....................................................................................... 110
3.7. OLD PROFILES............................................................................................................ 111
3.7.1. DIMEL/DIP/DIMAX/DIPEX/INP ..................................................................... 111
3.7.2. L-profiles .............................................................................................................. 113
3.8. BUILT-UP ...................................................................................................................... 115
3.8.1. Type 1 ................................................................................................................... 115
3.8.2. Type 2 ................................................................................................................... 121
3.8.3. Type 3 ................................................................................................................... 127
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NOTATIONS
Following notation is used
alfa : angle of main principle axis for non-symmetric section

h : profile height
b : flange width
b1 : flange width - upper flange
b2 : flange width - lower flange
ey : distance to CoG, y-direction - elastic
ez : distance to CoG, z-direction - elastic
ezb : distance to CoG, z-direction – T-bulb
ezpl : distance to CoG, z-direction – plastic
tw : web thickness
tf : flange thickness
tf1 : flange thickness - upper flange
tf2 : flange thickness - lower flange
r : corner radius
dens : material density
g : profile weight kg/m
Ax : cross section area
Axb : cross section area – T-bulb
Ay : cross section area in y-direction (flange area)
Az : cross section area in z-direction (web area)
Iy : moment of inertia of section, y-axis
Iyb : moment of inertia of T-bulb section, y-axis
Iz : moment of inertia of section, z-axis
Ix : St. Venant torsional constant
I1 : moment of inertia of section, 1-axis (main principle axis)
I2 : moment of inertia of section, 2-axis
Ip : Polar moment of inertia
S: : Superficial area (perimeter area)
Wey : elastic section modulus - y-axis
Wez : elastic section modulus - z-axis
Wpy : plastic section modulus - y-axis
Wpz : plastic section modulus - z-axis
Cw/Iw : warping constant
Sqr() : square root of a numerical expression
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1. INTRODUCTION
The aim of this document is to explain the theory, give references and make a verification calculation for each
of the profiles included in the SECTION-program.
The program is divided in six main section types according to following flow chart:
SECTION
Database Solid General Stiffened Old Built-up

profile profile profile plate profiles
Reinforced British
Version 4.5.0 new profiles:
profiles profiles
In chapter 3, the different profiles are documented with theory documentation/references and verification
calculations.
In the following, the different section types are described.
1.1. Database profiles
Database profiles are standard profiles, with section property taken from litterature. The following profiles are
included:
• HEA
• HEB
• HEM
• IPE
• INP
• UPE
• UNP
• L-equal flanges
• L-unequal flanges
• L-shipprofile
• HP
• RHS – square - hot formed
• CFRHS – square - cold formed
• RHS – rectangular - hot formed
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• CFRHS – rectangular - cold formed

• CHS
• I-girder
• T-girder
• T-bulb girder
The section property data is saved on files with extension .dat. Those files are binary files based on data from
ascii files named .da1. The content of each .da1-file is mainly based on data from Tibnor tables /2/
1.2. Solid profile
Solid profiles can be chosen from three different types according to
• Square section
• Rectangular section
• Circular section
• Railway rails (data from Bygg /1/)
1.3. General profiles
General can be chosen from 12 different types according to
• I-girder – equal flanges

• I-girder – unequal flanges
• T-girder
• L-profile
• Box type 1 – equal flanges
• Box type 2 – unequal flanges
• Box type 3 – equal flanges
• Tube
• C/U-profile
• X-profile
1.4. Stiffened plate
Stiffened plates can be chosen from 12 different types according to
• Plate + flatbar
• Plate + L-rolled
• Plate + L-welded
• Plate + HP
• Plate + I-profile
• Plate + T-girder
• Plate + T-girder alterantive T-bulb
• Plate + U-profile
• Plate + C-profile
• Plate + square hollow section
• Plate + rectangular hollow section
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• Plate + bridge-profile
1.5. Reinforced profiles
Reinforced profiles can be based on three-four reinforcement types of I-beams. The I-beams can be
HEA/HEB/IPE , welded symmetric I-section or welded unsymmetric I-section.
1.6. British profiles
British profiles are H/I/U-profiles named UB, UC; UBP; J; PFC or CH- profiles.
1.7. Old profiles
Old profiles are database profiles from earlier standard. The following profiles are included:
DIMEL
DIP
DIMAX
DIPEX
INP
L-equal flanges
L-unequal flanges
Those files are binary files based on data from ascii files named .da1. The content of each .da1-file is mainly
based on data from Bygg-old version /11/
1.8. Built-up section
Built-up profiles can be chosen from three types, one with rectangles located parallell to the y-z-axis, one with
rectangles locaated arbitrary in the axis-system and one with solid elements.
1.9. Units
The units can be chosen according to:
Density: kg/m3, t/m3, lb/ft3 and lb/inch3

Painting area: mm2/mm,cm2/cm,m2/m
Dimension, properties: mm, cm, m, inch and ft
The conversion between the units are:
kg/m3 ==> t/m3 0.001

kg/m3 ==> lb/ft3 0.062428
kg/m3 ==> lb/inch3 0.0000361273
mm ==> cm 0.1
mm ==> m 0.001
mm ==> inch 0.0393701
mm ==> ft 0.00328084
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2. REFERENCES
/1/ Handboken Bygg, band T, LiberFörlag, Stockholm
/2/ Konstruktionstabeller – Balk-Stång-Rör, Tibnor, 01-05-01
/3/ Fundia, Shipbuilding profiles, 1996
/4/ RHS Handboken, British Steel, E/98
/5/ “Rautaruukkis Hålprofiler EN 10219”, MEF 6/98, Rautaruukki
/6/ ROARKS’s Formulas for Stress & Strain, Warren C. Young, Sexth Edition, McGraw-Hill Book
Company
/7/ Mechanics of Materials, Gere & Timoshenko, Chapman & Hall, Third Edition
/8/ NS3472, 2. utg. juni 1984, Norges Standardiseringsforbund, Norway
/9/ T-bulb, Technical Specifications, Fundia, 1997
/10/ Arcelor profiles (DIN 1025-1)
/11/ Handboken för Hus- Väg- och Vattenbyggnad, Tredje upplagan, AB Byggmästarens Förlag,
Stockholm 1961
/12/ Arcelor profiles (DIN 1026-1)
/13/ Arcelor profiles (BS 4-1)
/14/ Corus, Bulb flats, 2002
/15/ Buckling of stiffened plates with bulb flat flanges, Danielson & Wilmer, International Journal of
Solid Structures,41 (2004
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3. THEORY MANUAL AND VERIFICATION DOCUMENTATION
In the following chapters, the differenet profiles are documented with theory description and verification
calculation.
3.1. DATABASE PROFILES
3.1.1. HEA/HEB/HEM/IPE/INP/UPE/UNP
Theory and verification documentation
Profile Reference Database file Data from reference Verification file

HEA Bygg T, table M08:3b /1/. HEA.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, Ax, S, Iy, Iz, Ix and DP_HEA.sect
Iw
HEB Bygg T, table M08:3c /1/ HEB.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, Ax, S, Iy, Iz, Ix and DP_HEB.sect
Iw
HEM Bygg T, table M08:3d /1/. HEM.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, Ax, S, Iy, Iz, Ix and DP_HEM.sect
Iw
IPE Bygg T, table M08:3a /1/. IPE.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, Ax, S, Iy, Iz, Ix and DP_IPE.sect
Iw
INP Arcelor Profiles, DIN INP.dat h, b, tf, tw, r, Ax, Iy, Wpy, Iz, DP_INP.sect
1025-1 /10/ Wpz, Ix and Iw
UPE Tibnor, /2/ UPE.dat h, b, tw, tf, r, et, es, Ax, Iy, Iz, DP_UPE.sect
Wpy, Wpz, Ix and Iw
UNP Arcelor Profiles, DIN UPE.dat h, b, tw, tf, r1, r2, et, es, Ax, Iy, DP_UNP.sect
1026-1 /12/ Iz, Ix, Iw, Wpy and Wpz
For some of the above profiles, following properties are calculated:
g = Ax * dens
Ay = (h-2tf) tw
Az = 2 b*tf
Wey = Iy/(h/2)
Wez = Iz/(b/2)
Plastic section modulus
The effect of radius is calculated as:

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zl
ezl yl
eyl
CoGlocal
eyl = ezl = 0.2234 r
Ax = (1-pi/4)* r2
hw = h-2*tf
The plastic section modulus can then be calculated as:
Wpy = (b * tf) * (h - tf) + (hw2 * tw )/ 4 + 4 * r2 * (1 - pi / 4) * (hw / 2 - 0.2234 * r)
Wpz = 4 * (b / 2) 2 * tf / 2 + 2 * hw * (tw / 2)2 / 2 + 4 * r2 * (1 - pi / 4) * (tw / 2 + 0.2234 * r)
3.1.2. L-equal/L-unequal flanges
Theory and Verification documentation

L-equal Tibnor, /2/ L1.dat h, t, r, ey, u2, Ax, Iy, Iz, Iu, Iv DP_L_EQ.sect
flanges
L-unequal Tibnor, /2/ L2.dat h, b, t, r, ey, ez, u2, Ax, tan alfa, DP_L_UNEQ.sect
flanges Iy, Iz, Iu, Iv
The program calculates then following properties:
v2 = ez*cos(alfa) – ey*sin(alfa)= 0 (equal flanges)
v3 and u3 are defined to the mid of the profile thickness, see figure below
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v3
t
t/2 alfa
u3
Figure Definition of u3 and v3
v3 and u3 are by the program calculated according to:
v3 = b*sin(alfa)+v2-t/2*cos(alfa)
u3 = b*cos(alfa)-u2+t/2*sin(alfa)
v1 and u1 are defined to the mid of the profile thickness, see figure below
v1
t/2
alfa
u1
Figure Definition of v1 and u1
u1 and v1 are by the program calculated according to:
u1 = h*sin(alfa)-u2+t/2*cos(alfa)
v1 = h*cos(alfa)-v2-t/2*sin(alfa)
g = Ax * dens
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Ay = (h-t/2) t
Az = Ay
Wey = Wez = Iy/(h-ez)
Wev1= Iv/u1
Wev2 = Iv /u2
Wev3 = Iv /u3
Weu1= Iu /v1
Weu2= Iu /v2
Weu3= Iu /v3
Ix = 2/3 * (b-t/2) * t^3
3.1.3. L-ship
Theory documentation
Definition of the profile is according to the figure below.
The reference for the profiles is taken from Fundia, shipprofiles /3/. The reference data for the profiles is saved
in the file L3.dat. From the reference, following data is taken: h, b, tw, tf, r1, r2.
The contribution for radius are taken into account based on following calculations, ref “ Mechanics of
Materials” /7/ that is explained for the inner radius. For the outer radie, the calculations are in principle the
same Section properties (Ax, Iy and Iz) for the square parts are calculated as for built-up sections, ref chapter
3.5.1. but the contribution is negative.Inner radie:
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CoGglobal
zl
ey
y
r
ez
ezl
yl
eyl
CoGlocal
eyl = ezl = 0.2234 r
Iyl = Izl = 0.007545 r4 (local axis)
Ax = (1-pi/4)* r2
Iy = Iyl + Ax * ez2 (global axis)
Iz = Izl + Ax * ey2 (global axis)
The program calculates then following properties:
g = ΣAx * dens
Ay = b tf
Az = (h-tf) tw
Wey = Iy/ez (min)
Wez = Iz/(b-ey) (min)
Ix = 1/3 * (b*tf 3 + (h-tf)*tw 3 )
Verification calculation
A L300x100x10.5x15 is used as verification.
According to Fundia /3/, the profile has following properties

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h= 300 mm
b= 100 mm
tw = 10.5 mm
tf = 15 mm
r1 = 15 mm
r2 = 7.5 mm
ez = 193.4 mm
Ax = 4530 mm2
S= 0.78 m2/m
Iy = 4291E4 mm4
Calculations:
The program calculates all section properties, since the Iz property not is given in the reference.
zl
Square parts:
Part 2
b(1) 100
h(1) 15
y(1) 0
z(1) 0 z
b(2) 10.5 y Part 1
h(2) 285
y(2) 0
z(2) 15
yl
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Part Ax yl zl Ax*yl Ax*zl Ax*yl2 Ax*zl2 Iyl Izl
1 1500 50 7.5 75000 11250 3.750E+06 8.438E+04 2.813E+04 1.250E+06
2 2992.5 5.25 157.5 15710.63 471318.75 8.248E+04 7.423E+07 2.026E+07 2.749E+04
4492.5 90710.63 482568.75 3.8325E+06 7.4317E+07 2.0284E+07 1.2775E+06
Inner radius:
Ax = (1-pi/4)*152 = 48.29 mm2
Iyl = 0.007545*154 + 48.29*(15 + 0.2234*15) 2 = 16644.07 mm4
Izl = 0.007545*154 + 48.29*(10.5 + 0.2234*15) 2 = 9646.41 mm4
Outer radius:
Ax = - (1-pi/4)*7.52 = - 12.07 mm2
Iyl = - 0.007545*7.54 – 12.07*(15 - 0.2234*7.5) 2 = -2166.81 mm4

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Izl = - 0.007545*7.54 – 12.07*(100 - 0.2234*7.5) 2 = -116713.1 mm4
Summary:
Ax = 4492.5+ 48.29 – 12.07 = 4528.71 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 35.55 kg/m
Ay = 1500 mm2
Az = 2992.5 mm2
ey = (90710.63 + 48.29* (10.5+0.2234*15) - 12.07*(100-0.2234*7.5))/Ax = 19.916 mm
ez = 300 – (482568.75 + 48.29* (15 +0.2234*15) – 12.07*(15-0.2234*7.5))/Ax = 193.28 mm
Iyl = 7.4317E7 + 2.0284E7 + 16644.07 - 2166.81 = 9.4615E7 mm4
Iy = Iyl – 4528.71*(300 – 193.28) 2 = 4.3037E7 mm4
Izl = 3.8325E6 + 1.2775E6 + 9646.41 -116713.1 = 5.0029E6 mm4
Iz = Izl – 4528.71*19.9162 = 3.2066E6 mm4
Wey = 4.3037E7 /193.28 = 2.2267E5 mm3
Wez = 3.2066E6/(100-19.916) = 4.004E4 mm3
Ix = 1/3*(100*153 + 285* 10.53) = 2.2247E5 mm4
The attached file DP_L_SHIP.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also
checked and found in accordance with the above properties.
3.1.4. Bulb Flat

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The Bulb Flat profile is based on EN 10067. The database for the profile is saved in the binary file HP.dat that
is based on the ascii file HP.da1. The ascii file HP.da1 consists of 47 profiles with geometry and section
property data taken (h, tw, c, r, Ax) from Corus, bulb flats /14/.
The bulb flat-profile is converted to a L-profile with the same area as Ax in the file. The L-profile is planned to
have minimum deviation for Iy-and Iz- properties compared to the real bulb profile. The converted profile has
then properties as shown in the figure to the right with b and tf calculated as:
b = tw + c - 0.45r
tf = (Ax-h*tw)/(b-tw)
This profile is then used for calculating Ay, Az, Ix, Iy, Iz, Wey and Wez- properties in the same way as for the
square parts for the L-profile, ch 3.10.
For calculating the torsional constant Ix, calculating procedure from /15/ is used. Ix is calculated as:
Ip = Iy+Iz (polar moment of inertia for the bulbhead/flange)
Af = b*tf (area flange)
Ixw = hw*tw3/3 (torsional contant for the web)

4
Ix = 0.0231*Af /Ip + Ixw
A BF 300x11 is used as verification.
According to Corus /14/, the profile has following properties
h= 300 mm
c= 43 mm
tw = 11 mm
r= 13 mm
ez = 189 mm
Ax = 4670 mm2
S= 0.681 m2/m
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Iy = 4190E4 mm4
Iz = 75.75E4 mm4
Ix = 43.25E4 mm4
Wy = 222E3 mm3
b = 11+ 43 - 0.45*13 = 48.15 mm

tf = 36.9
hw = 300-36.9 =263.1
Az = 263.1*11 =2894 mm2

Ip = 1/12*(36.9*(48.15) 3 + 48.15*(36.9) 3) = 5.4487E5 mm4
Ix = 0.0231*(36.9*48.15)4/Ip + 263.1*113/3 = 5.392E5 mm4
The Ix is 12% above Corus value, but in article /15/ the theoretical value is abut 20% above the Corus values.
The attached file DP_BF.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
found in accordance with the above properties.
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3.1.5. RHS/CFRHS/CHS
Theory and Verification documentation
Profile Reference Database Data from reference Verification file

file
RHS-hot ”RHS Handboken ”, British Steel SHS.dat h, b, t, Ax, Iy, Iz, DP_RHS.sect
formed /4/ and “Konstruktionstabeller – Wpy, Wpz and Ix
square Balk-Stång-Rör”, Tibnor /2/
CFRHS- “Rautaruukkis Hålprofiler EN CHSHS.dat h, b, t, Ax, Iy, Iz, DP_CFRHS.sect
cold formed 10219”, Rautaruukki /5/ and Wpy, Wpz and Ix
square “Konstruktionstabeller – Balk-
Stång-Rör”, Tibnor /2/
RHS-hot “RHS Handboken ”, British Steel RHS.dat h, b, t, Ax, Iy, Iz, DP_RHS_REQ.sect
formed /4/ and “Konstruktionstabeller – Wpy, Wpz and Ix
rectangular Balk-Stång-Rör”, Tibnor /2/
CFRHS-cold Rautaruukkis Hålprofiler EN CFRHS.dat h, b, t, Ax, Iy, Iz, DP_CFRHS_REQ

formed 10219”, Rautaruukki /5/ and Wpy, Wpz and Ix
rectangular “Konstruktionstabeller – Balk-
Stång-Rör”, Tibnor /2/
CHS “ RHS Handboken ”, British CHS.dat d and t DP_CHS.sect
Steel 4/
Square/Rectangular profiles:
The program calculates following properties:
g = Ax * dens
Ay = Az =2*(h-2t)*t
Wey = Wez =Iy/(h/2)
Wpy=Wpz is read from file.
Circular profiles
Ax = pi / 4 * (d2 – (d-2*t)2)
g = Ax * dens
S = pi*d
Ay = Ax/2
Az = Ay
Ix = pi / 32 * (d4 – (d-2*t)4) (ref table 20, Roark /6/)

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Note! Ix = Ip = Iy + Iz
Iy = pi / 64 * (d4 – (d-2*t)4) (ref table 1, Roark /6/)
Iz = Iy
Wey = Wez = Iy/(d/2)
Wpz =4/3*[(d/2)3- (d/2-t)3]
3.1.6. I-profile – data base
This profile is identical to the profile in chapter 3.3.1. The only change to this profile is that the user can build
up it’s own database with up to 20 profiles. The profile data is saved in the readable textfile ”i.dat”. For theory
documentation, see chapter 3.3.1. For the verification documentation, the same profile as the I-profile in
chapter 3.3.1 is used, i.e.:
h= 600 mm
b= 300 mm
tw = 15 mm
tf = 30 mm
The attached file DP_I.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.1.7. T-profile – data base
This profile is identical to the profile in chapter 3.3.3. The only change to this profile is that the user can build
up it’s own database with up to 20 profiles. The profile data is saved in the readable textfile ”t.dat”. For theory
documentation, see chapter 3.3.3. For the verification documentation, the same profile as the I-profile in
chapter 3.3.3 is used, i.e.:
h= 300 mm
b= 300 mm
tw = 15 mm
tf = 30 mm
The attached file DP_T.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.1.8. Tb-profile

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The database for the profile (rolled topflange) is saved in the ascii-file TB.dat. The file consists of 4 profiles
with geometry and section property data taken from Fundia, T-bulb technical specifications /9/:
Profile (B) tf ezb Axb Iyb S

mm mm mm cm2 cm4 m2/m
160 40 23.41 50.08 53.62 0.327
160 45 26.03 58.08 78.76 0.337
200 45 27.11 65.67 87.102 0.405
200 50 29.79 75.67 123.229 0.415
Note: ezb is the distance from the center of gravity of the bulb to the bottom side of the bulb (where the web
plate will be welded).
The section property for the complete T-bulb with web plate is then calculated.
A TB 160x40/500x14 is used as verification.
According to Fundia /9/, the profile has following properties
h= 500 mm
tw = 14 mm
Axb = 5008 mm2 (bulb)
ezb = 23.41 mm (bulb)
Iyb = 53.62E4 mm4 (bulb)
S= 0.327 m2/m (only TB)
Î
Ax = (500-40)*14 + 5008 = 11448 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 89.3 kg/m

S = 0.327+ 2*(0.5-0.04) +0.014=1.261 m2/m
Ay = (500-40)*14 = 6440 mm2

Program
Page:21
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
ey = 500 - (14/2*(500-40) 2 + ((500-40) + 23.41)* 5008)/Ax = 159.144 mm
Iyl = 53.62E4 +((500-40) + 23.41) 2* 5008+14/12*(500-40) 3 +14/4*(500-40) 3 = 1.62507E9 mm4
Iy = Iyl – 11448*(500 – 159.144) 2 = 2.95007E8 mm4
Wey1 = Iy /159.144 = 1.85371E6 mm3
Wey2 = Iy/(500-159.44) = 8.6549E5 mm3
The attached file DP_TB.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.2. SOLID PROFILES
3.2.1. Solid square
Ax =Ay = Az = b2
g = Ax * dens
S = 4*b
Ix = 2.25/16*b4 (ref table 20, Roark /6/)
Iy = Iz = b4/12
Wey = Wez = b3/6
Wpy = Wpz = b3/4
Program
Page:22
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
A profile 300x300 is used as verification. The profile has following properties:
b = 300 mm
Ax =Ay = Az = 3002 = 9E4 mm2
g = 9 E4 * 7850E-6 = 706.5 kg/m
S = 4*0.3= 1.2 m2/m
Ix = 2.25/16*3004 = 1.139E9 mm2
Iy = Iz = 3004 /12 = 6.75E8 mm4
Wey = Wez = 3003 /6 = 4.5E6 mm3
Wpy = Wpz = 3003 /4 = 6.75E6 mm3
The attached file SoP_SQ.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked
and found in accordance with the above properties.
3.2.2. Solid rectangle
Ax =Ay = Az = b*h
g = Ax * dens
S = 2*(b+h)
Ix = h*b3 * (1 / 3 - 0.21 * b / h* (1 - b4 / 12 / h4)) (ref table 20, Roark /6/)
Iy = b*h3 /12
Program
Page:23
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Iz = h*b3 /12
Wey = Iy/(h/2)
Wez = Iz/(b/2)
Wpy = b*h2/4
Wpy = h*b2/4
A profile 300x100 is used as verification. The profile has following properties:
h = 300 mm
b = 100 mm
Ax =Ay = Az = 100*300 = 3E4 mm2
g = 3 E4 * 7850E-6 = 235.5 kg/m
S = 2*(0.3+0.1) = 0.8 m2/m
Ix = 300*1003 * (1 / 3 - 0.21 * 100 / 300* (1 - 1004 / 12 / 3004)) = 7.9021 E7 mm4
Iy = 100*3003 /12 = 2.25E8 mm4
Wey = Iy/150 = 1.5E6 mm3
Iz = 300*1003 /12 = 2.5E7 mm4
Wez = Iz/50 = 5E5 mm3
Wpy = 100*3002/4 = 2.25E6 mm3
Wpz = 300*1002/4 = 7.5E5 mm3
The attached file SoP_REQ.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked
3.2.3. Solid roundbar

Program
Page:24
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Ax = pi / 4 * d2
g = Ax * dens
S = pi*d
Ay = Az = Ax/2
Ix = pi / 32 * d4 (ref table 20, Roark /6/)
Iy = Iy = pi / 64 * d4 (ref table 1, Roark /6/)
Wpy = Wpz = 4/3*(d/2)3
A profile D300 is used as verification. The profile has following properties:
d = 300 mm
Ax = pi / 4 * 3002 = 7.0686E4 mm2
g = Ax * dens = 554.9 kg/m
S = pi*0.3= 0.942 m2/m
Ay = Az = Ax/2 = 3.5343E4 mm2
Ix = pi / 32 * 3004 = 7.9522E8 mm4
Iy = Iy = pi / 64 * 3004 = 3.97607E8 mm4

Program
Page:25
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wey = Wez = Iy/150 = 2.6507E6 mm3
Wpy = Wpz = 4/3*(300/2)3 =4.5E6 mm3
The attached file SoP_BAR.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked
3.2.4. Railway rails
The database for the profile is saved in the ascii file rail.dat, The file consists of 14 profiles with property data
taken from Bygg T, table M08:3o /1/.
Rail type H(mm) b2(mm) b1(mm) t(mm) A(cm2) Iy(cm4) ez(cm)
S64 172 150 76 16 82.6 3252 8.1
UIC60 172 150 74.3 16.5 76.9 3055 8.1
UIC54 159 140 72.2 16 63.3 2346 7.5
SJ50 155 133 72 14 63.7 2045 7.5
S54 154 125 70 16 69.5 2073 7.5
S49 149 125 70 14 62.9 1819 7.3
SJ40 138 110 72 14 52.3 1352 7
S41 138 125 67 12 41 1368 6.8
S33 134 105 58 11 42.5 1040 6.7
SJ43 133 133 70 14 55 1310 6.9
SJ41 133 133 69 13 51.5 1265 6.2
SJ34 126.5 122 64 13 43.3 148 6.2
SJ33nya 125 108 57 13 43.3 140 6
SJ33 125 108 57 13 42 909 6
g = Ax * dens
Az = H*t
Program
Page:26
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wey1 = Iy/(h-ez)
Wey2 = Iy/(ez/2)
A Rail UIC60 is used as verification.
According to Bygg T, table M08:3o /1/, the profile has following properties
h= 172 mm
b1= 74.3 mm
b2 150 mm
t= 16.5 mm
ez = 8.1 cm
Ax = 76.6 cm2
g= 60.3 kg/m
Iy = 3055 cm4 (in ref Ix)
The program calculates following parameters:
Az = 172*16.5 = 2838 mm2 (not given in reference)

Wey1 = 3055E4/(172-81)= 335.7 E3 cm3 (in ref Wx =334.9 cm3)
Wey2 = 3055E4/81= 377.2 E3 cm3 (not given in reference)
The attached file SoP_Rail is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.3. GENERAL PROFILES
3.3.1. I-profile – symmetrical flanges

Program
Page:27
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Section properties (Ax, Iy and Iz) are calculated as for built-up sections, ref chapter 3.5.1. The program
calculates then following properties:
Ay = 2*b*tf
Az = (h-2*tf) tw
S= 2*(h+2*b-tw)
Wey = Iy/(h/2)
Wez = Iz/(b/2)
hw = h – 2*tf
Wpy = (b * tf) * (h - tf) + (hw2 * tw )/ 4
Wpz = 4 * (b / 2) 2 * tf / 2 + 2 * hw * (tw / 2)2 / 2
Ix = 1/3 * (2*b*tf 3 + (h-2*tf)*tw3)
Iw = tf * b3 * (h - tf)2 /24 (ref tillegg C, NS3473 /8/)
A I 600x300x15x30 is used as verification.
h= 600 mm
b= 300 mm
tw = 15 mm
tf = 30 mm
b(1) 300
Upper flange h(1) 30
y(1) 0
z(1) 570
b(2) 15
Web h(2) 540
y(2) 142.5
z(2) 30
b(3) 300
Lower flange h(3) 30
y(3) 0
z(3) 0
Program
Page:28
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
... Column
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Part A Yc Zc A*Yc A*Zc A*(Yc)2 A*(Zc)2 Iyc Izc
1 9000 150 585 1350000 5265000 2.025E+08 3.080E+09 6.750E+05 6.750E+07
2 8100 150 300 1215000 2430000 1.823E+08 7.290E+08 1.968E+08 1.519E+05
3 9000 150 15 1350000 135000 2.025E+08 2.025E+06 6.750E+05 6.750E+07
Summary: 26100 3.915E+06 7.830E+06 5.8725E+08 3.8111E+09 1.9818E+08 1.3515E+08
Ax = 26100 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 204.89 kg/m
S= 2*(0.6+2*0.3-0.015) = 2.37 m2/m
Ay = 2*300*30 = 18000 mm2
Az = (600-2*30) 15 = 8100 mm2
Iy = 3.8111E9 + 1.9818E8– 26100 * 3002 = 1.66028E9 mm4
Wey = Iy/300 = 5.534E6 mm3
Iz = 1.3515E8 mm4
Wez = Iz/150 = 9.01E5 mm3
hw = 600 – 2*30=540
Wpy = (300*30) * (600 - 30) + (5402 *15 )/ 4 = 6.2235E6 mm3
Wpz = 4 * (300 / 2) 2 *30 / 2 + 2 * 540 * (15 / 2)2 / 2 =1.3804E6 mm3
Ix = 1/3 * (2*300*30 3 + (600-2*30)*15 3 ) = 6.0075E6 mm4
Iw = 30 * 3003/(600-30)2 /24 = 1.0965E13 mm6
The attached file GP_I.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.3.2. I-profile – unsymmetrical flanges
Definition of the profile is according to the figures below.

Program
Page:29
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Alternative 1 Alternative 2
Section properties (ez, Ax, Iy and Iz) are calculated as for built-up sections, ref chapter 3.5.1. The program
Ay = tf1*b1+tf2*b2
Az = (h-tf1-tf2) tw
S= 2*(h+b1+b2-tw)
Wey1 = Iy/ (h-ez)
Wey2 = Iy/ ez
Wez = Iz/(b/2)
where b = max of b1 and b2
Ix = 1/3 * (b1*tf13 + b2*tf23 + (h-tf1-tf2)*tw 3)
Iw = tf1*tf2*b13*b23*(h–tf1/2-tf2/2)2 /(12*(tf1*b13 + tf2*b23) (ref tillegg C, NS3472 /8/)
Shear center
Iz1 = tf1*(b1)3
Iz2 = tf2*(b2)3
ht = h-tf1/2-tf2/2
zs = Iz1*ht/(Iz1+Iz2) + tf2/2 - ez
Plastic cross section
The CoG for the plastic cross section is calculated according to following, ref figure below:
Program
Page:30
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
fyk
az1
az2
ezpl
Figure Definition of plasic cross section
If the CoG is to be placed in the web, ezpl is calculated as:
b2*tf2+(ezpl-tf2)*tw = Ax/2
and then
ezpl = (Ax/2-b2*tf2)/tw + tf2
az1 = h-ezpl-tf1
az2 = ezpl-tf2
The plastic section modulus can then be calculated as
Wy1 = b1*tf1*(az1+tf1/2)+tw/2*az12
Wy2 = b2*tf2*(az2+tf2/2)+tw/2*az22
Wpy = (Wy1 + Wy2)
Wpz = tf1*b12 /4 + tf2*b22 /4 + hw*tw2 /4
A I 600x300/150x15x30/15 is used for the verification
h= 600 mm
b1 = 300 mm
b2 = 150 mm
tw = 15 mm
tf1 = 30 mm
tf2 = 15 mm
Î
Program
Page:31
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
b(1) 300
y(1) 0
z(1) 570
b(2) 15
Web h(2) 555
y(2) 142.5
z(2) 15
b(3) 150
y(3) 75
z(3) 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 9000 150 585 1350000 5265000 2.025E+08 3.080E+09 6.750E+05 6.750E+07
2 8325 150 292.5 1248750 2435062.5 1.873E+08 7.123E+08 2.137E+08 1.561E+05
3 2250 150 7.5 337500 16875 5.063E+07 1.266E+05 4.219E+04 4.219E+06
Summary 19575 2.9363E+06 7.7169E+06 4.4044E+08 3.7924E+09 2.1441E+08 7.1875E+07
Ax = 19575 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 153.66 kg/m
S= 2*(0.6+0.3+0.15-0.015)= 2.07 m2/m
Ay = 300*30 + 150 *15 = 11250 mm2
hw = 600-30-15 = 555
Az = 555*15 = 8325 mm2
ez = 7.7169E6/19575 = 394.22
Iy = 2.1441E8 + 3.7924E9 – 19575*394.222 = 9.64636E8 mm4
Wey1 = Iy/(600-394.22) = 4.6877E6 mm3
Wey2 = Iy/394.22 = 2.4469E6 mm3
Iz = 7.18775E7 mm4
Wez1 = Iz/150 = 4.7918E5 mm3
ezpl = (19575/2-150*15)/15 + 15 = 517.5 mm
az1 = 600-517.5-30 = 52.5 mm
az2 = 517.5 - 15 = 502.5 mm
The shear center is calculated as:

Program
Page:32
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Iz1 = 30*3003 = 810E6
Iz2 = 15*1503 = 50.625E6
ht = 600-30/-15/2 =577.5
zs = 810E6*577.5/(810E6+50.625E6) + 15/2 - 394.22 = 156.8
Wy1 = 300*30*(52.5+30/2)+15/2*52.52 = 628171.875
Wy2 = 150*15*(502.5+15/2)+15/2*502.52 = 3041296.875
Wpy = (Wy1 + Wy2) = 3.669468 E6 mm3
Wpz = 30*3002 /4 + 15*1502 /4 + 555*152 /4 = 7.9059375 E5 mm3
Ix = 1/3 * (300*303 + 150*153 + (600-30-15)*153) = 3.4931E6 mm4
Iw = 30*15*3003*1503*(600–30/2-15/2)2 /(12*(30*3003 + 15*1503) = 1.3242E12 mm6
The attached file GP_I_SS.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked
Program
Page:33
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
3.3.3. T-profile
Ay = tf*b
Az = (h-tf) tw
S = 2*(b+h)
Wey1 = Iy/ez
Wey2 = Iy/(h-ez)
Wez = Iz/(b/2)
Ix = 1/3 * (b*tf3 + (h-tf)*tw3)
A T 300x300x15/30 is used for the verification
h= 300 mm
b= 300 mm
tw = 15 mm
tf = 30 mm
Î
Program
Page:34
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
b(1) 300
Flange h(1) 30
y(1) 0
z(1) 270
b(2) 15
Web h(2) 270
y(2) 142.5
z(2) 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 9000 150 285 1350000 2565000 2.025E+08 7.310E+08 6.750E+05 6.750E+07
2 4050 150 135 607500 546750 9.113E+07 7.381E+07 2.460E+07 7.594E+04
Summary 13050 1.9575E+06 3.1118E+06 2.9363E+08 8.0484E+08 2.5279E+07 6.7576E+07
Ax = 13050 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 102.44 kg/m
S = 2*(0.3+0.3) = 1.2 m2/m
Ay = 300*30 = 9000 mm2
Az = (300-30)*15 = 4050 mm2
ez = 300 - 3.1118E6/13050 = 61.55 mm
Iy = 2.5279E7 + 8.0484E8 – 13050 * (300-61.55)2 = 8.8104E7 mm4
Wey1 = Iy/61.55 = 1.4314E6 mm3
Wey2 = Iy/(300-61.55) = 3.6949E5 mm3
Iz = 6.7581E8 mm4
Wez1 = Iz/150 = 4.5054E5 mm3
Ix = 1/3 * (300*303 + (300-30)*153) = 3.00375E6 mm4
The attached file GP_T.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.3.4. L-profile

Program
Page:35
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
If a = 0, the figure in the figure is below.
Section properties (ey, ez, Ax, Iy and Iz) are calculated as for built-up sections, ref chapter 3.5.1. The program
Ay = tf*b
Az = (h-tf) tw
S = 2*(h+b)
Wey = Iy/ez
Wez = Iz/(b-ey-a)
Ix = 1/3 * (b*tf3 + (h-tf)*tw3)
A L300x100x10.5*15 (a=10) is used for the verification
h= 300 mm
b= 100 mm
a= 10 mm
Program
Page:36
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
tw = 10.5 mm
tf = 15 mm
b(1) 10.5
Web h(1) 285
y(1) 10
z(1) 15
b(2) 100
Flange h(2) 15
y(2) 0
z(2) 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2992.5 15.25 157.5 45635.625 471318.75 6.959E+05 7.423E+07 2.026E+07 2.749E+04
2 1500 50 7.5 75000 11250 3.750E+06 8.438E+04 2.813E+04 1.250E+06
Summary 4492.5 1.2064E+05 4.8257E+05 4.4459E+06 7.4317E+07 2.0284E+07 1.2775E+06
Ax = 4492.5 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 35.3 kg/m
S = 2*(0.3+0.1) = 0.8 m2/m
Ay = 100*15 = 1500 mm2
Az = (300-15)*10.5 = 2992.5 mm2
ey = 1.2064E5/4492.5 -10 = 16.854 mm
ez = 300 - 4.8257E5/4492.5 = 192.58 mm
Iy = 2.0284E7+ 7.4317E7– 4492.5 * (300-192.58)2 = 4.2765E7 mm4
Wey = Iy/192.58 = 2.2206E5 mm3 (min)
Iz = 1.2775E6 +4.4459E6 –4492.5*(ey+10) 2 =2.48369E6 mm4
Wez = Iz/(100-10-ey) = 3.3955E4 mm3
Ix = 1/3 * (100*153 + (300-15)*10.53) = 2.2247E5 mm4
The attached file GP_L.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.3.5. Box – type 1 - symmetric/unsymmetric
Program
Page:37
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
The Box is available in two types, one symmetric and one unsymmetric. Definition of the profiles is according
to the figures below.
Symmetric box Unsymmetric box
For the the unsymmetric box, section properties are calculated for bending about y-axis, with following
parameters caclulated Ax, Az, ez Iy, Wy.
Section properties (Ax, Iy and Iz) are calculated as for built-up sections, ref chapter 3.5.1. The program
Ay = 2*tf*b
Az = 2*(h-2*tf) tw
S = 2*(h+b) + 4*a
Wey = Iy/(h/2)
Wez = Iz/(b/2)
bw = b -2*a-tw
ht=h-tf
hw = h – 2*tf
Wpy = (b * tf) * (h - tf) + hw2 * tw / 2
Wpz = b2* tf / 2 + hw * tw* (b - 2 * a - tw)
Ix = 2*bw2*ht2/(bw/tf+ht/tw) + 2*tf3*(b-bw)/3 (ref tillegg C, NS3472 /8/)
Iw = ht2/24*(bw2*ht*tw+b3*tf)*[(bw2*tw-ht*b*tf)/ (bw2*tw+ht*b*tf)] 2 (ref tillegg C, NS3472 /8/)
Verification calculation – Symmetric box
A Box 800x500x15*25 (a=25) is used for the verification

Program
Page:38
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
h= 800 mm
b= 500 mm
a= 25 mm
tw = 15 mm
tf = 25 mm
b(1) 500
y(1) 0
z(1) 775
b(2) 15
Left web h(2) 750
y(2) 25
z(2) 25
b(3) 15
Right web h(3) 750
y(3) 460
z(3) 25
b(4) 500
y(4) 0
z(4) 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 12500 250 787.5 3125000 9843750 7.813E+08 7.752E+09 6.510E+05 2.604E+08
2 11250 32.5 400 365625 4500000 1.188E+07 1.800E+09 5.273E+08 2.109E+05
3 11250 467.5 400 5259375 4500000 2.459E+09 1.800E+09 5.273E+08 2.109E+05
4 12500 250 12.5 3125000 156250 7.813E+08 1.953E+06 6.510E+05 2.604E+08
Summary 47500 1.1875E+07 1.9000E+07 4.0331E+09 1.1354E+10 1.0560E+09 5.2126E+08
Ax = 47500 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 372.875 kg/m
S = 2*(0.8+0.5) + 4*0.025 =2.7 m2/m
Ay = 2*500*25 = 25000 mm2
Az = 2*(800-2*25)*15 = 22500 mm2
Iy = 1.0560E9+ 1.1354E10– 47500 * 4002 = 4.81E9 mm4
Wey = Iy/400 = 1.2025E7 mm3
Iz = 5.2126E8+4.0331E9–47500*250 2 =1.58561E9 mm4

Program
Page:39
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wez = Iz/250 = 6.34244E6 mm3
bw = 500 -2*25-15 = 435 mm
ht = 800-25 = 775 mm
hw = 800 – 2*25 = 750
Wpy = (500*25) * (800 - 25) + 7502 *15 / 2 = 1.390625E7
Wpz = 5002* 25 / 2 + 750 * 15* (500 - 2 *25 - 15) = 8.01875E6
Ix = 2*4352*7752/(435/25+775/15) + 2*253*(500-435)/3 = 3.2918E9 mm4
Iw = 7752/24*(4352*775*15+5003*25)*[( 4352*15-775*500*25)/ (4352*15+775*500*25)] 2 = 3.9842E13 mm6
The attached file GP_BOX_1.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also
Verification calculation – Unsymmetric box
The same profile as for HSQ-profile has been calculated, with identical results, The attached file
GP_BOX_1a.sect is in accordance with the HSQ-profile in the file GP_HSQ_1. The screen output is also
3.3.6. Box – type 2
h>b b>h b=h
Section properties are calculated as:
Ax = b*h-(b-2*tw)*(h-2*tf)
Ay = 2*(b-2*tw)*tf
Program
Page:40
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Az = 2*(h-2*tf)*tw
S = 2*(h+b)
Iy = 1/12 * (b*h3 – (b-2*tw)*(h-2*tf)3)
Wey = Iy/(h/2)
Iz = 1/12 * (h*b3 – (h-2*tf)*(b-2*tw)3)
Wez = Iz/(b/2)
Wpy = b*tf*(h-tf) + tw*(h-2*tf)2 /2
Wpz = h*tw*(b-tw) + tf*(b-2*tw)2 /2
bw = b - tw
ht=h-tf
Ix = 2*bw2*ht2/(bw/tf+ht/tw) (ref tillegg C, NS3472 /8/)
Iw = ht2/24*(bw2*ht*tw+bw3*tf)*[(bw2*tw-ht*bw*tf)/ (bw2*tw+ht*bw*tf)] 2 (ref tillegg C, NS3472 /8/)
Note: b is set to bw in the above formula.
A Box 400x300x15x25 is used for the verification
h= 400 mm
b= 300 mm
tw = 15 mm
tf = 25 mm
Ax = 300*400-(300-2*15)*(400-2*25)= 25500
g = Ax * 7850 = 200.175 kg/m
S = 2*(0.4+0.3) = 1.4 m2/m
Ay = Ay = 2*(300-2*15)*25 = 13500 mm2
Az = 2*(400-2*25)*15 = 10500 mm2
Iy = 1/12 * (300*4003 – (300-2*15)*(400-2*25)3) = 6.35312E8 mm4
Wey = Iy/(400/2) = 3.17656E6 mm3
Iz = 1/12 * (400*3003 – (400-2*25)*(300-2*15)3) = 3.2591E8 mm4
Wez = Iz/(300/2) = 2.17275E6 mm3

Program
Page:41
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wpy = 300*25*(400-25) + 15*(400-2*25)2 /2 = 3.73125E6
Wpz = 400*15*(300-15) + 25*(300-2*15)2 /2 = 2.621E6
bw = 300 – 15 =285 mm
ht= 400-25 = 375 mm
Ix = 2*2852*3752/(285/25+375/15) = 6.27597E8 mm4
Iw = 3752/24*(2852*375*15+2853*25)*[(2852*15-375*285*25)/ (2852*15+375*285*25)] 2 = 8.47084E10 mm6
The attached file GP_BOX_2.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked
3.3.7. HSQ – profile – symmetric bottom flange
Section properties (Ax, ez and Iy) are calculated with no further description. The program calculates then
following properties:
g = Ax * dens
S = 2*(h+tf2+b)
hw = h-tf1-tf2
b1 = b-2*(a+c)
Az = 2*hw*tw
Wey1 = Iy/(h-ez)
Program
Page:42
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wey2 = Iy/ez
The CoG for the plastic cross section divides the area in two equal areas (A1 and A2) with cross section Ax/2,
ref figure below.
A1
fyk
az1
tw
az2
ezpl
A2
This means that the ezpl can be calculated as:
A1=A2=Ax/2
ezpl = tf2 + (A1-b*tf2)/(2*tw)
az1 = h-ezpl-tf1
az2 = hw-az1
Zy1 = b1*tf1*(az1+tf1/2)+tw*az12
Zy2 = b*tf2*(az2+tf2/2)+tw*az22
Wpz = Zy1 + Zy2
A Box 775x600x15*20/25 (a=50) is used for the verification
h= 775 mm
b= 600 mm
a= 50 mm
c= 0 mm
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
tw = 15 mm
tf1 = 20 mm
tf2 = 25 mm
b(1) 500
y(1) 50
z(1) 780
b(2) 15
Left web h(2) 755
y(2) 50
z(2) 25
b(3) 15
Right web h(3) 755
y(3) 535
z(3) 25
b(4) 600
y(4) 0
z(4) 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 10000 300 790 3000000 7900000 9.000E+08 6.241E+09 3.333E+05 2.083E+08
2 11325 57.5 402.5 651187.5 4558312.5 3.744E+07 1.835E+09 5.380E+08 2.123E+05
3 11325 542.5 402.5 6143812.5 4558312.5 3.333E+09 1.835E+09 5.380E+08 2.123E+05
4 15000 300 12.5 4500000 187500 1.350E+09 2.344E+06 7.813E+05 4.500E+08
Summary 47650 1.4295E+07 1.7204E+07 5.6205E+09 9.9128E+09 1.0770E+09 6.5876E+08
Ax = 47650 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 374.053 kg/m
S = 2*(0.8+0.6) = 2.8 m2/m
Ay = (600-2*50)*20+25*600 = 25000 mm2
hw = 775 – 20 = 755
b1 = 600-2*(50+0) = 500
Az = 2*755*15 = 22650 mm2
ez = 1.7204E7/47650 = 361.049 mm
Iy = 1.0770E9+ 9.9128E9– 47560 * (800-438.951)2 = 4.77831E9 mm4
Wey1 = Iy/(800-361.049) = 1.08857E7 mm3

Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wey2 = Iy/361.049 = 1.32345E7 mm3
ezpl = 25 + (47650/2-600*25)/(2*15) = 319.167
az1 = 800-319.167-20 = 460.833
az2 = 755-460.833 = 294.167
Zy1 = 500*20*(460.833+20/2)+15*460.8332 = 7.8938E6
Zy2 = 600*25*(294.167+25/2)+15*294.1672 = 5.898E6
Wpz = Zy1 + Zy2 = 1.37918E7
The attached file GP_HSQ_1.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked
3.3.8. HSQ – profile – unsymmetric bottom flange
This profile is identical to HSQ with symmetric bottomflange, ref ch 3.3.7. For theory documentation see ch
3.3.7.
The same type of box as for HSQ-symmetriq flange is used for verification, thus following input is given:
h= 775 mm
b1 = 500 mm
b2 = 600 mm
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
a= 50 mm
c= 0 mm
tw = 15 mm
tf1 = 20 mm
tf2 = 25 mm
b(1) 500
y(1) 50
z(1) 780
b(2) 15
Left web h(2) 755
y(2) 50
z(2) 25
b(3) 15
Right web h(3) 755
y(3) 535
z(3) 25
b(4) 600
y(4) 0
z(4) 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 10000 300 790 3000000 7900000 9.000E+08 6.241E+09 3.333E+05 2.083E+08
2 11325 57.5 402.5 651187.5 4558312.5 3.744E+07 1.835E+09 5.380E+08 2.123E+05
3 11325 542.5 402.5 6143812.5 4558312.5 3.333E+09 1.835E+09 5.380E+08 2.123E+05
4 15000 300 12.5 4500000 187500 1.350E+09 2.344E+06 7.813E+05 4.500E+08
Summary 47650 1.4295E+07 1.7204E+07 5.6205E+09 9.9128E+09 1.0770E+09 6.5876E+08
Ax = 47650 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 374.053 kg/m
S = 2*(0.8 +0.6) = 2.8 m2/m
Ay = (600-2*50)*20+25*600 = 25000 mm2
hw = 775 – 20 = 755
b1 = 500
Az = 2*755*15 = 22650 mm2
ez = 1.7204E7/47650 = 361.049 mm
Iy = 1.0770E9+ 9.9128E9– 47560 * (800-438.951)2 = 4.77831E9 mm4

Program
Page:46
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wey1 = Iy/(800-361.049) = 1.08857E7 mm3
Wey2 = Iy/361.049 = 1.32345E7 mm3
ezpl = 25 + (47650/2-600*25)/(2*15) = 319.167
az1 = 800-319.167-20 = 460.833
az2 = 755-460.833 = 294.167
Zy1 = 500*20*(460.833+20/2)+15*460.8332 = 7.8938E6
Zy2 = 600*25*(294.167+25/2)+15*294.1672 = 5.898E6
Wpz = Zy1 + Zy2 = 1.37918E7
The attached file GP_HSQ_2.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked
3.3.9. U - profile
a>0 a=0
Ay = 2*b*tf
Az = (h-2*tf)*tw
S =2*(h+2b-tw)
Program
Page:47
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wey = Iy/(h/2)
Wez = Iz/(b-ez) (min)
Wpy = b*tf*(h-tf) + tw*(h-2*tf)2 /4
Ix = (2*b*t3 +(h-2*tf)*tw3)/3
A U400x200x15*25 (a=15) is used for the verification
h= 400 mm
b= 200 mm
a= 15 mm
tw = 15 mm
tf = 25 mm
b(1) 200
y(1) 0
z(1) 375
b(2) 15
Web h(2) 350
y(2) 15
z(2) 25
b(3) 200
y(3) 0
z(3) 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 5000 100 387.5 500000 1937500 5.000E+07 7.508E+08 2.604E+05 1.667E+07
2 5250 22.5 200 118125 1050000 2.658E+06 2.100E+08 5.359E+07 9.844E+04
3 5000 100 12.5 500000 62500 5.000E+07 7.813E+05 2.604E+05 1.667E+07
Summary 15250 1.1181E+06 3.0500E+06 1.0266E+08 9.6156E+08 5.4115E+07 3.3432E+07
Ax = 15250 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 121.675 kg/m
S =2*(0.4+2*0.2-0.015) = 1.57 m2/m
Ay = 2*200*25 = 10000 mm2
Az = (400-2*25)*15 = 5250 mm2
ey = 1.1181E6/15250 = 73.32 mm
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Iy = 5.4115E7 + 9.6156E8– 15250 * 2002 = 4.05675E8 mm4
Wey = Iy/200 = 2.028375E6 mm3
Wpy = 200*25*(400-25) + 15*(400-2*25)2 /4 = 2.3344E6 mm3
Iz = 3.3432E7+1.0266E8–15250*ey 2 = 5.41151E7 mm4
Wez = Iz/(200-ey) = 4.2718E5 mm3 (min)
Ix = (2*200*253+350*153) /3 = 2.47708E6 mm4
The attached file GP_U.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.3.10. C – profile – cold formed
b1 = b2 b2 > b1 b1 > b2
The program calculates section properties according the verification of a profile shown on the following pages.
Note that for the following caclulations, r is defined as the inside radius of the profile.
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Profile data: h 310 b1 60 b2 140

t 10 r 10
R r t
R = 20
t .( h 2 .R) Axw = 2.7.10

3
Axw webarea
t .( b1 t .( b2 Axf = 1.6.10
3
Axf R) R) flangearea
π. R
2 2
r
Axr area of radius Axr = 235.619
4
Axw Axf 2 .Axr Ax = 4.771.10

3
Ax
7850
g Ax. g = 37.454
1 .10
6
t .( h 2 .t ) Az = 2.9.10
3
Az
R r
R.
(R r) R
e2 4. e2 = 9.903
.
(3 π )
t t (h 2 .R)
t .( b1 R) . h t .( b2 R) . Axw. R Axr.( h R e2 R e2 )
2 2 2
ez ez = 129.849
Ax
t .( ( b1 t .( h 2 .R)
3 3
R) ( b2 r) )
Iy1 = 1.642.10
7
Iy1
12
π. R
4 4
r
Axr.e2 Iyr = 6.345.10
2 3
Iyr
16
2 2
t t
Iy Iy1 2 .Iyr t .( b1 R) . h ez ( b2 R) .t . ez
2 2
Iy = 4.741.10
7
Iy
Wey1
Wey1 = 2.631.10
5
(h ez )
Iy
Wey2 = 3.651.10
5
Wey2
ez
Program
Page:50
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Ax
Axr t .( b2 R)
2
ezpl R ezpl = 115
t
t t
Wpy1 t .( b1 R) . h ezpl ( b2 R) .t . ezpl
2 2
2 2
(h R ezpl) ( ezpl R)
Wpy Wpy1 Axr.( ( h R e2 ezpl) ( ezpl R e2 ) ) t. t.
2 2
Wpy = 4.745.10
5
1 .
b1 .t b2 .t 2 .t ) .t
3 3 3
Ix (h
Ix = 1.633.10
5
3
S = 2*(h+b1+b2)-8*r+pi*r+pi*(r-t)+2*t= 2*(0.31+0.06+0.14)-8*0.02+pi*0.02+pi*(0.02-
0.01)+2*+2*0.01=0.974 m2/m
The attached file GP_C.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.3.11. X-profile
Ax = b*t1 + (h-t1)*t2
Program
Page:51
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
g = Ax * dens
S = 2*(b+h)
Ay = b*t1
Az = (h-t1)*t2
Ix = 1/3*(b*t13 + (h-t1)*t23)
Iy = 1/12*(t2*h3 +(b-t2)*t13)
Wey = Iy/(h/2)
Wpy = t2*h2/4 + (b-t2)*t12 /4
Iz = 1/12*(t1*b3 +(h-t1)*t23)
Wez = Iz/(b/2)
Wpy = t1*b2/4 + (h-t1)*t22 /4
Following profile is used as verification
b= 600 mm
h= 400 mm
t1 = 20 mm
t2 = 10 mm
Ax = 600*20 + (400-20)*10 = 15800 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 124.03 kg/m
S = 2*(0.6+0.4) =2 m2/m
Ay = 600*20 = 12000 mm2
Az = (400-20)*10 =3800 mm2
Ix = 1/3*(600*203 + (400-20)*103) = 1.7267E6 mm4
Iy = 1/12*(10*4003 +(600-10)*203) = 5.372E7 mm4
Wey = Iy/(400/2) = 2.686E5 mm3
Wpy = 10*4002/4 + (600-10)*202 /4 = 4.59E5 mm3
Iz = 1/12*(20*6003 +(400-20)*103) = 3.6003E8 mm4
Wez = Iz/(600/2) = 1.2001E6 mm4

Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wpy = 20*6002/4 + (400-20)*102 /4 = 1.8095E6 mm3
The attached file GP_X.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.3.12. Tube
Ax = pi / 4 * (d2 – (d-2*t)2)
g = Ax * dens
S = pi*d
Ay = Ax/2
Az = Ay
Ix = pi / 32 * (d4 – (d-2*t)4) (ref table 20, Roark /6/)
Iy = pi / 64 * (d4 – (d-2*t)4) (ref table 1, Roark /6/)
Iz = Iy
Wpy=Wpz = 1/6*(d3- di3)
Program
Page:53
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
A profile D219.1x16 is used as verification
d= 219.1 mm
t= 16 mm
Ax = pi / 4 * (219.12 – (219.1-2*16)2) = 10209 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 80.14 kg/m
S = pi*0.2191=0.688 m2/m
Ay = Az = Ax/2= 5104 mm2
Ix = pi / 32 * (219.14 – (219.1-2*16)4) = 1.05931E8 mm4
Iy = Iz = pi / 64 * (219.14 – (219.1-2*16)4) = 5.2966E7 mm4
Wey = We = Iy/(219.1/2) = 4.83486E5 mm3
Wpy=Wpz = 1/6*(219.13- (219.1-2*16)3 = 6.6136E5 mm3
The attached file GP_TUBE.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
3.4. STIFFENED PLATE
3.4.1. Plate + flatbar
The database for the flatbar is saved in the binary file fb.dat that is based on the ascii file fb.da1. The ascii file
fb.da1 consists of 253 profiles with property data taken from Tibnor, Konstruktionstabeller, /2/.
Section properties (ez, Ax and Iy) are calculated as for built-up sections, ref chapter 3.5.1. The program
Az = h*t
S = 2*(b1+h)
Wey1 = Iy/ez
Wey2 = Iy/(h+t1-ez)
Plastic cross section:
1. ezpl<t1
ezpl = Ax/2/b1
Wpy = b1/2*(ezpl2 + (t1-ezpl)2) + h*t*(h/2+t1-ezpl)
2. ezpl>t1
b1*t1+t*(ezpl-t1)=Ax/2
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1)/t + t1
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) + t*(ezpl-t1)2/2 + t*(h+t1-ezpl)2/2

Program
Page:55
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Following profile is used as verification:
Plate: b1 = 300 mm
t1 = 10 mm
Stiffener: Fb 100x10 mm
b(1) 300
Plate h(1) 10
z(1) 100
b(2) 10
Fb h(2) 100
z(2) 0
1 2 3 4 5
Part A Zc A*Zc A*(Zc)2 Iyc
1 3000 105 315000 3.308E+07 2.500E+04
2 1000 50 50000 2.500E+06 8.333E+05
Summary 4000 3.6500E+05 3.5575E+07 8.5833E+05
Ax = 4000 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 31.4 kg/m
S = 2*(0.3+0.1)=0.8 m2/m
Az = 100*10 = 1000 mm2
ez = 100+10 - 3.65E5/4000 = 18.75 mm
Iy = 8.5833E5+ 3.5575E7– 4000 * (110-18.75)2 = 3.12708E6 mm4
Wey1 = Iy/18.75 = 1.66778E5 mm3
Wey2 = Iy/(110-18.75) = 3.4269E4 mm3
ezpl = 4000/2/300 = 6.67
Wpy = 300/2*(6.672 + (10-6.67)2) + 100*10*(100/2+10-6.67) = 6.16667E4 mm3
The attached file SP_FB.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
Program
Page:56
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
3.4.2. Plate + L-rolled
The database for the L-profile is based on the same database as described for the L-ship profile in chapter
3.1.10. Section properties (ez, Ax and Iy) are calculated as for the L-profile together with the plate, for details
of the L-profile calculations, see chapter 3.1.10. The program calculates then following properties:
Az = (h-tf)*tw
S = 2*(b1+h+b-tw)+b–2*(r1+r2)+pi/2*(r1+r2)
Wey1 = Iy/ez
Wey2 = Iy/(h+t1-ez)
1. ezpl<t1
ezpl = Ax/2/b1
Wpy = b1/2*(ezpl2 + (t1-ezpl)2) + h*tw*(h/2+t1-ezpl) + (b-tw)*tf*(h+t1-ezpl-tf/2) +

+ (1-pi/4)*r12 (h+t1-ezpl-tf-0.2234*r1)-(1-pi/4)*r22 (h+t1-ezpl-tf+0.2234*r2)
2. ezpl>t1
b1*t1+tw*(ezpl-t1)=Ax/2
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1)/tw + t1
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) + tw*(ezpl-t1)2/2 + tw*(h+t1-ezpl)2/2 + (b-tw)*tf*(h+t1-ezpl-tf/2) +

+ (1-pi/4)*r12 (h+t1-ezpl-tf-0.2234*r1)-(1-pi/4)*r22 (h+t1-ezpl-tf+0.2234*r2)
Program
Page:57
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Plate: b1 = 300 mm
t1 = 10 mm
Stiffener: L 300x100x10.5x15
Calculations:
The program calculates all section properties, since the Iz property for the L-profile not is given in the
reference.
Square parts: zl
Part 1
b(1) 300
Plate h(1) 10
z(1) 300 Part 2
b(2) 10.5
Web h(2) 285
z(2) 15
b(3) 100
z
Lower flange h(3) 15 y Part 3
z(3) 0
yl
1 2 3 4 5
1 3000 305 915000 2.791E+08 2.500E+04
2 2992.5 157.5 471318.75 7.423E+07 2.026E+07
3 1500 7.5 11250 8.438E+04 2.813E+04
Summary 7492.5 1397569 3.5339E+08 2.0309E+07
Inner radius:
Ax = (1-pi/4)*152 = 48.29 mm2
Iyl = 0.007545*154 + 48.29*(15 + 0.2234*15) 2 = 16644.07 mm4
Outer radius:
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Ax = - (1-pi/4)*7.52 = - 12.07 mm2
Iyl = - 0.007545*7.54 – 12.07*(15 - 0.2234*7.5) 2 = -2166.81 mm4
Summary:
Ax = 7492.5 + 48.29 – 12.07 = 7528.72 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 59.1 kg/m
S = [2*(300+300+100-10.5) –2*(15+7.5)+pi/2*(15+7.5)]/1000=1.369 m2/m
Az = (300-15)*10.5 = 2992.5 mm2
ez = 310 – (1397569+ 48.29* (15 +0.2234*15) – 12.07*(15-0.2234*7.5))/Ax = 124.272 mm
Iyl = 2.0309E7+ 3.5339E8+ 16644.07 - 2166.81= 3.73713E8 mm4
Iy = Iyl – 7528.72*(310 – 124.272) 2 = 1.14011E8 mm4
Wey1 = 1.14011E8/124.272 = 9.174E5 mm3
Wey2 = 1.14011E8/(310-124.272) = 6.1386E5 mm3
ezpl = (7528/2 – 300*10)/10.5 + 10 =82.7962
Wpy = 300*10*(82.7962-10/2) + 10.5*(82.7962-10)2/2 + 10.5*(300+10-82.7962)2/2 + (100-
-10.5)*15*(300+10-82.7962-15/2) +(1-pi/4)*152 (300+10-82.7962-15-0.2234*15)-(1-pi/4)*7.52 (300+10-
- 82.7962-15+0.2234*7.5) =8.34678E5
The attached file SP_L_ROLL.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also
Program
Page:59
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
3.4.3. Plate + L-welded
If a is set to 0 in the input, the figure is printed as
Az = (h-tf)*tw
S = 2*(b1+h+b1) –2*tw
Wey1 = Iy/ez
Wey2 = Iy/(h+t1-ez)
1. ezpl<t1
ezpl = Ax/2/b1
Program
Page:60
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wpy = b1/2*(ezpl2 + (t1-ezpl)2) + h*tw*(h/2+t1-ezpl) + (b-tw)*tf*(h+t1-ezpl-tf/2)
2. ezpl>t1
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1)/tw + t1
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) + tw*(ezpl-t1)2/2 + tw*(h+t1-ezpl)2/2 + (b-tw)*tf*(h+t1-ezpl-tf/2) +
Plate: b1 = 300 mm
t1 = 10 mm
Stiffener: L 300x100x10.5x15
b(1) 300
Plate h(1) 10
z(1) 300
b(2) 10.5
Web h(2) 285
z(2) 15
b(3) 100
z(3) 0
1 2 3 4 5
1 3000 305 915000 2.791E+08 2.500E+04
2 2992.5 157.5 471318.75 7.423E+07 2.026E+07
3 1500 7.5 11250 8.438E+04 2.813E+04
Summary 7492.5 1397569 3.5339E+08 2.0309E+07
Ax = 7492.5 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 58.8 kg/m
S = 2*(0.3+0.3+0.1) –2*0.0105=1.379
Az = (300-15)*10.5 = 2992.5 mm2
ez = 310 –1397569/Ax = 123.471 mm
Iy = 2.0309E7 + 3.5339E8 – 7492.5*(310 – 123.471) 2 = 1.13011E8 mm4
Wey1 = 1.13011E8 /123.471 = 9.1529E5 mm3

Program
Page:61
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wey2 = 1.13011E8 /(310-123.471) = 6.05867E5 mm3
ezpl = (7492.5/2 – 300*10)/10.5 + 10 =81.0714
Wpy = 300*10*(81.0714-10/2) + 10.5*(81.0714-10)2/2 + 10.5*(300+10-81.0714)2/2 + (100-

10.5)*15*(300+10-81.0714-15/2) = 8.27144E5
The attached file SP_L_WELD.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also
3.4.4. Plate + Bulb flat
The database for the bulb flat-profile is based on the same database as described for the bulb flat-profile in
chapter 3.1.11. The bulb flat-profile is converted to a L-profile with the same area as Ax in the database file.
The L-profile is planned to have minimum deviation for Iy- property compared to the real bulb profile. The
converted profile has then properties with b and tf calculated as:
b = tw + c - 0.45r
tf = (Ax-h*tw)/(b-tw)
This profile is then used for calculating ez, Ay, Iy, and Wey and Wpy properties together with the plate in the
same way as for the square parts for the L-profile, ref chapter 3.4.3.
Plate: b1 = 300 mm
t1 = 10 mm
Program
Page:62
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Stiffener: BF 300x11
According to Corus /14/, the profile has following properties
h= 300 mm
c= 43 mm
tw = 11 mm
r= 13 mm
b = 11+ 43 - 0.45*13 = 48.15 mm

tf = 36.9
hw = 300-36.9 =263.1
zl Part 1
Part 2
z
y Part 3
yl
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Part b h Zc A A*Zc A*(Zc)2 Iyc
1 300.0 10.0 5.0 3000.0 15.000E+3 7.500E+04 2.500E+04
2 11.0 263.1 141.6 2894.1 409.660E+3 5.799E+07 1.669E+07
3 48.2 36.9 291.6 1776.7 518.007E+3 1.510E+08 2.016E+05
Summary 310.0 7670.8 9.427E+05 2.091E+08 1.692E+07
H= 310.0 mm
A= 7670.8 mm2 (∑col 4)
g= 60.2 kg/m
Az = 2894.1 mm2 (Part 2)
ez = 122.9 mm ((∑col5/(∑col14)
Iy = 1.102E+08 mm4
Wey1 = 8.964E+05 mm3
Wey2 = 5.888E+05 mm3
ezpl = (7671/2 – 300*10)/11 + 10 = 85.95
Wpy = 300*10*(85.95-10/2) + 11*(85.95-10)2/2 + 11*(300+10-85.95)2/2 +

(48.2-11)*36.9*(300+10-85.95-36.9/2) = 8.329E5
Program
Page:63
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
The attached file SP_BF.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.4.5. Plate + I-profile
Az = (h-2*tf)*tw
S = 2*(b1+h+b)-2*tw
Wey1 = Iy/ez
Wey2 = Iy/(h+t1-ez)
1. ezpl < t1
ezpl = Ax/2/b1
Wpy = b1/2*(ezpl2 + (t1-ezpl)2) + b*tf*(t1+tf/2-ezpl) + tw*(h-2*tf)*(h/2+t1-ezpl) + b*tf*(h+t1-tf/2 - ezpl)
2. t1<= ezpl < t1+tf
b1*t1+b*(ezpl-t1)=Ax/2
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1)/b + t1
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) + b*(ezpl-t1) 2/2 + b*(t1+tf-ezpl)2/2+ tw*(h-2*tf)*(h/2+t1-ezpl) +

+ b*tf*(h+t1-tf/2 - ezpl)
Program
Page:64
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
3. t1+tf <= ezpl
b1*t1+b*tf+tw*(ezpl-t1-tf)=Ax/2
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1-b*tf)/tw + t1 + tf
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) + b*tf*(ezpl-t1-tf/2) + tw*(ezpl-t1-tf)2/2 + tw*(h+t1-tf-ezpl)2/2 +

+ b*tf*(h+t1-tf/2-ezpl)
Plate: b1 = 300 mm
t1 = 10 mm
Stiffener: I 300x100x10x15
b(1) 300
Plate h(1) 10
z(1) 300
b(2) 100
z(2) 285
b(3) 10
Web h(3) 270
z(3) 15
b(4) 100
z(4) 0
Program
Page:65
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
1 2 3 4 5
1 3000 305 915000 2.791E+08 2.500E+04
2 1500 292.5 438750 1.283E+08 2.813E+04
3 2700 150 405000 6.075E+07 1.640E+07
4 1500 7.5 11250 8.438E+04 2.813E+04
Summary 8700 1770000 4.682438E+08 1.6484E+07
Ax = 8700 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 68.295 kg/m
S = 2*(0.30+0.30+0.1)-2*0.01 = 1.38 m2/m
Az = (300-2*15)*10 = 2700 mm2
ez = 310 – 1770000/Ax = 106.5517 mm
Iy = 1.6484E+07+ 4.682438E+08– 8700*(310 – 106.5517) 2 = 1.24624E8 mm4
Wey1 = 1.24624E8 /106.5517 = 1.16961E6 mm3
Wey2 = 1.24624E8 /(310-106.5517) = 6.1256E5 mm3
ezpl = (8700/2 – 300*10)/100 + 10 =23.5
Wpy = 300*10*(23.5-10/2) + 100*(23.5-10) 2/2 + 100*(10+15-23.5)2/2+ 10*(300-2*15)*(300/2+10-23.5) +

+100*15*(300-15/2+10-23.5) = 8.51775E5
The attached file SP_I.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
Program
Page:66
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
3.4.6. Plate + T-database
The database for the T-profile is based on the same database as described for the T-profile in chapter 3.1.18.
Section properties (ez, Ax and Iy) are calculated as for the T-profile together with the plate. The program
Az = (h-tf)*tw
S = 2*(b1+h+b)-2*tw
Wey1 = Iy/ez
Wey2 = Iy/(h+t1-ez)
1. ezpl<t1
ezpl = Ax/2/b1
Wpy = b1/2*(ezpl2 + (t1-ezpl)2) + tw*(h-tf)*((h-tf)/2+t1-ezpl) + b*tf*(h+t1-tf/2 - ezpl)
2. t1<= ezpl
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1)/tw + t1
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) +tw*(ezpl-t1)2/2 + tw*(h+t1-tf-ezpl)2/2 + b*tf*(h+t1-tf/2-ezpl)

Program
Page:67
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Plate: b1 = 300 mm
t1 = 10 mm
Stiffener: T 300x200x10x15
b(1) 300
Plate h(1) 10
z(1) 300
b(2) 10
Web h(2) 285
z(2) 15
b(3) 200
z(3) 0
1 2 3 4 5
1 3000 305 915000 2.791E+08 2.500E+04
2 2850 157.5 448875 7.070E+07 1.929E+07
3 3000 7.5 22500 1.688E+05 5.625E+04
Summary 8850 1386375 3.499416E+08 1.9372E+07
Ax = 8850 = mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 69.47 kg/m
S = 2*(0.3+0.3+0.2)-2*0.01=1.58 m2/m
Az = (300-15)*10 = 2850 mm2
ez = 310 – 1386375/Ax = 153.3475 mm
Iy = 1.9372E7+ 3.499416E8 – 8850*(310 – 153.3475) 2 = 1.52134E8 mm4
Wey1 = 1.52134E8 /153.3475 = 9.9209E5 mm3
Wey2 = 1.52134E8 /(310-153.3475) = 9.7116E5 mm3
ezpl = (8850/2 – 300*10)/10 + 10 = 152.5
Wpy = 300*10*(152.5-10/2) +10*(152.5-10) 2/2 + 10*(300+10-15-152.5)2/2 + 200*15*(300+10-15/2-152.5) =

= 1.095562E6
The attached file SP_T.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
Program
Page:68
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
3.4.7. Plate + T-built-up and T-bulb
This profile can be chosen with the stiffener as a traditional welded T-profile or as a T-bulb as described in
chapter 3.1.19. Definition of the profiles are according to the figures below.
Traditional T-profile
T-bulb
Section properties (ez, Ax and Iy) are calculated for the T-welded profile as for a plate+T-database profile, ref
chapter 3.4.6. For the T-bulb profile, the T-bulb data property from the TB-dat file as described in chapter
3.1.19 is added to the plate. The program calculates then following properties:
Az = (h-tf)*tw
S = 2*(b1+h-tf)- tw +Atb
Wey1 = Iy/ez
Wey2 = Iy/(h+t1-ez)

Program
Page:69
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
1. ezpl<t1
ezpl = Ax/2/b1
Wpy = b1/2*(ezpl2 + (t1-ezpl)2) + tw*(h-tf)*((h-tf)/2+t1-ezpl) + Axb*(h+t1-tf+ezb-ezpl)
2. t1<= ezpl
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1)/tw + t1
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) +tw*(ezpl-t1)2/2 + tw*(h+t1-tf-ezpl)2/2 + Axb*(h+t1-tf+ezb-ezpl)
Verification calculation – Example 1 – T-welded
Plate: b1 = 300 mm
t1 = 10 mm
Stiffener: T 300x200x10x15
Since the input is the same as for Plate+T-database (chapter 3.4.6), the calculations are described in chapter
3.4.6. The attached file SP_T_DB.sect is in accordance with the calculated properties. The screen output is also
checked and found in accordance with the properties.
Verification calculation – Example 2 – T-bulb
Plate: b1 = 300 mm
t1 = 10 mm
Stiffener: h = 500 mm
tw = 14 mm
TB 160x40
According to Fundia /9/, the bulb has following properties
Axb = 5008 mm2

ezb = 23.41 mm
Iyb = 53.62E4 mm4
Ax = (500-40)*14 + 5008 +300*40 = 14448 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 113.4 kg/m

Program
Page:70
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
S = 2*(0.3+0.5-0.04)- 2*0.014 +0.327 = 1.819 m2/m
Az = (500-40)*14 = 6440 mm2
ey = 10 + (14/2*(500-40) 2 + ((500-40) + 23.41)* 5008 - 300*10*5)/Ax = 279.04 mm
Iyl = 53.62E4 +14/12*(500-40) 3 +300/12 *10 3= 1.62507E9 mm4
Iy = Iyl +((500-40) + 23.41) 2* 5008+14/4*(500-40) 3 +300*10*5 2 = 1.625166E9 mm4
Iy = Iy – 14448*(279.04 – 10) 2 = 5.7937E8 mm4
Wey1 = Iy /279.04 = 2.076E6 mm3
Wey2 = Iy/(510-279.04) = 2.5085E6 mm3
ezpl = (14448/2 – 300*10)/14 + 10 = 311.71
Wpy = 300*10*(311.71-10/2) +14*(311.71-10)2/2 + 14*(500+10-40-311.71)2/2 +

+ 5008*(500+10-40+23.41-311.71) = 2.6427E6
The attached file SP_TB.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.4.8. Plate+ U-horizontal
Az = (b-tw)*2*tf
S = 2*(b1+b)
Program
Page:71
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wey1 = Iy/ez
Wey2 = Iy/(b+t1-ez)
1. ezpl<t1
ezpl = Ax/2/b1
Wpy = b1/2*(ezpl2 + (t1-ezpl)2) + 2*tf*(b-tw)*((b-tw)/2+t1-ezpl) + h*tw*(b+t1-tw/2 - ezpl)
2. t1<= ezpl
b1*t1+2*tf*(ezpl-t1)=Ax/2
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1)/(2*tf) + t1
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) +2*tf*(ezpl-t1)2/2 + 2*tf*(b+t1-tw-ezpl)2/2 + h*tw*(b+t1-tw/2-ezpl)
Plate: b1 = 600 mm
t1 = 10 mm
Stiffener: U 300x100x10x15
b(1) 600
Plate h(1) 10
z(1) 100
b(2) 30
Web h(2) 90
z(2) 10
b(3) 300
z(3) 0
Program
Page:72
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
1 2 3 4 5
1 6000 105 630000 6.615E+07 5.000E+04
2 2700 55 148500 8.168E+06 1.823E+06
3 3000 5 15000 7.500E+04 2.500E+04
Summary 11700 793500 7.439250E+07 1.8975E+06
Ax = 11700 = mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 91.845 kg/m
S = 2*(0.6+0.1) = 1.4 m2/m
Az = (100-10)*2*15 = 2700 m2
ez = 110 –793500/Ax = 42.1795 mm
Iy = 7.439250E7+ 1.8975E6 – 11700*(110-42.1795) 2 = 2.2474E7 mm4
Wey1 = 2.2474E7 /42.1795 = 5.3283E5 mm3
Wey2 = 2.2474E7 /(110-42.1795) = 3.3138E5 mm3
ezpl = 11700/2/600 = 9.75
Wpy = 600/2*(9.752 + (10-9.75)2) + 2*15*(100-10)*((100-10)/2+10-9.75) + 300*10*(100+10-10/2 - 9.75) =

= 4.3646E5
The attached file SP_U1.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.4.9. Plate + U-vertical

Program
Page:73
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Az = (h-2*tf)*tw
S = 2*(b1+b+h-tw)
Wey1 = Iy/ez
Wey2 = Iy/(b+t1-ez)
1. ezpl < t1
ezpl = Ax/2/b1
Wpy = b1/2*(ezpl2 + (t1-ezpl)2) + b*tf*(t1+tf/2-ezpl) + tw*(h-2*tf)*(h/2+t1-ezpl) + b*tf*(h+t1-tf/2 - ezpl)
2. t1<= ezpl < t1+tf
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1)/b + t1
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) + b*(ezpl-t1) 2/2 + b*(t1+tf-ezpl)2/2+ tw*(h-2*tf)*(h/2+t1-ezpl) +

+ b*tf*(h+t1-tf/2 - ezpl)
3. t1+tf <= ezpl
b1*t1+b*tf+tw*(ezpl-t1-tf)=Ax/2
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1-b*tf)/tw + t1 + tf
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) + b*tf*(ezpl-t1-tf/2) + tw*(ezpl-t1-tf)2/2 + tw*(h+t1-tf-ezpl)2/2 +

+ b*tf*(h+t1-tf/2-ezpl)
Program
Page:74
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Plate: b1 = 600 mm
t1 = 10 mm
Stiffener: U 300x100x10x15
b(1) 600
Plate h(1) 10
z(1) 300
b(2) 100
z(2) 285
b(3) 10
Web h(3) 270
z(3) 15
b(4) 100
z(4) 0
1 2 3 4 5
1 6000 305 1830000 5.582E+08 5.000E+04
2 1500 292.5 438750 1.283E+08 2.813E+04
3 2700 150 405000 6.075E+07 1.640E+07
4 1500 7.5 11250 8.438E+04 2.813E+04
Summary 11700 2685000 7.473188E+08 1.6509E+07
Ax = 11700 = mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 91.845 kg/m
S = 2*(0.6+0.1+0.3-0.01)=1.98 m2/m
Az = (300-2*15)*10 = 2700 mm2
ez = 310 – 2685000/Ax = 80.5128 mm
Iy = 7.473188E8+ 1.6509E7– 11700*(310-80.5128) 2 = 1.47655E8 mm4
Wey1 = 1.47655E8 /80.5128 = 1.8339E6 mm3
Wey2 = 1.47655E8 /(110- 80.5128) = 6.43411E5 mm3
ezpl = 11700/2/600=9.75
Wpy = 600/2*(9.752 + (10-9.75)2) + 100*15*(10+15/2-9.75) + 10*(300-2*15)*(300/2+10-9.75) +

+ 100*15*(300+10-15/2 -9.75) = 8.84963 E5
Program
Page:75
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
The attached file SP_U2.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.4.10. Plate + square stiffener
calculates then following properties (h=b):
Az = (h-2*t)*2*t
S = 2*(b1+h)
Wey1 = Iy/ez
Wey2 = Iy/(h+t1-ez)
1. ezpl < t1
ezpl = Ax/2/b1
Wpy = b1/2*(ezpl2 + (t1-ezpl)2) + h*t*(t1+t/2-ezpl) + 2*t*(h-2*t)*(h/2+t1-ezpl) + h*t*(h+t1-t/2 - ezpl)
2. t1<= ezpl < t1+t
b1*t1+h*(ezpl-t1)=Ax/2
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1)/h + t1
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) + h*(ezpl-t1) 2/2 + h*(t1+t-ezpl)2/2+ 2*t*(h-2*t)*(h/2+t1-ezpl) +

Program
Page:76
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
+ h*t*(h+t1-t/2 - ezpl)
3. t1+t <= ezpl
b1*t1+h*t+2*t*(ezpl-t1-t)=Ax/2
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1-h*t)/(2*t) + t1 + t
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) + h*t*(ezpl-t1-t/2) +2*t*(ezpl-t1-t)2/2 + 2*t*(h+t1-t-ezpl)2/2 +

+ h*t*(h+t1-t/2-ezpl)
Plate: b1 = 600 mm
t1 = 10 mm
Stiffener: SHS 300x10
b(1) 600
Plate h(1) 10
y(1) 0
z(1) 300
b(2) 300
y(2) 0
z(2) 290
b(3) 20
Web h(3) 280
y(3) 0
z(3) 10
b(4) 300
y(4) 0
z(4) 0
1 2 3 4 5
1 6000 305 1830000 5.582E+08 5.000E+04
2 3000 295 885000 2.611E+08 2.500E+04
3 5600 150 840000 1.260E+08 3.659E+07
4 3000 5 15000 7.500E+04 2.500E+04
Summary 17600 3570000 9.453000E+08 3.6687E+07
Ax = 17600 = mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 91.845 kg/m

Program
Page:77
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
S = 2*(0.6+0.3)=1.8 m2/m
Az = (300-2*10)*2*10 = 5600 m2
ez = 310 –3570000/Ax = 107.1591 mm
Iy = 9.453000E8+ 3.6687E7 – 17600*(310-107.1591) 2 = 2.57845E8 mm4
Wey1 = 2.57845E8 /107.1591 = 2.40618E6 mm3
Wey2 = 2.57845E8 /(310-107.1591) = 1.271169E6 mm3
ezpl = (17600/2 – 600*10)/300 + 10 =19.333
Wpy = 600*10*(19.333-10/2) + 300*(19.333-10) 2/2 + 300*(10+10-19.333)2/2+ 2*10*(300-2*10)*(300/2+

+ 10-19.333) + 300*10*(300+10-10/2 - 19.333) = 1.74387E6
The attached file SP_SQ.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked and
3.4.11. Plate + rectangle stiffener
Definition of the profile is according to the figures below. If h>=b, the figure is printed according to:
If h<b, the figure is printed as

Program
Page:78
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Az = (h-2*t)*2*t
S = 2*(b1+h)
Wey1 = Iy/ez
Wey2 = Iy/(h+t1-ez)
1. ezpl < t1
ezpl = Ax/2/b1
Wpy = b1/2*(ezpl2 + (t1-ezpl)2) + b*t*(t1+t/2-ezpl) + 2*t*(h-2*t)*(h/2+t1-ezpl) + b*t*(h+t1-t/2 - ezpl)
2. t1<= ezpl < t1+t
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1)/b + t1
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) + b*(ezpl-t1) 2/2 + b*(t1+t-ezpl)2/2+ 2*t*(h-2*t)*(h/2+t1-ezpl) +

+ b*t*(h+t1-t/2 - ezpl)
3. t1+t <= ezpl
b1*t1+b*t+2*t*(ezpl-t1-tf)=Ax/2
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1-b*t)/(2*t) + t1 + t
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) + b*t*(ezpl-t1-t/2) + 2*t*(ezpl-t1-t)2/2 + 2*t*(h+t1-t-ezpl)2/2 +

+ b*t*(h+t1-t/2-ezpl)
Program
Page:79
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Plate: b1 = 600 mm
t1 = 10 mm
Stiffener: RHS 300x200x10
b(1) 600
Plate h(1) 10
y(1) 0
z(1) 300
b(2) 200
y(2) 0
z(2) 290
b(3) 20
Web h(3) 280
y(3) 0
z(3) 10
b(4) 200
y(4) 0
z(4) 0
1 2 3 4 5
1 6000 305 1830000 5.582E+08 5.000E+04
2 2000 295 590000 1.741E+08 1.667E+04
3 5600 150 840000 1.260E+08 3.659E+07
4 2000 5 10000 5.000E+04 1.667E+04
Summary 15600 3270000 8.582500E+08 3.6670E+07
Ax = 15600 = mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 91.845 kg/m
S = 2*(0.6+0.3)=1.8m2/m
Az = (300-2*10)*2*10 = 5600 m2
ez = 310 –3270000/Ax = 100.3846 mm
Iy = 8.582500E8+ 3.6670E7 – 15600*(310-100.3846) 2 = 2.094776E8 mm4
Wey1 = 2.094776E8 /100.3846 = 2.08675E6 mm3

Program
Page:80
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wey2 = 2.094776E8 /(310-100.3846) = 9.99343E5 mm3
ezpl = (15600/2 – 600*10)/200 + 10 = 19
Wpy = 600*10*(19-10/2) + 200*(19-10) 2/2 + 200*(10+10-19)2/2+ 2*10*(300-2*10)*(300/2+10-19) +

+ 200*10*(300+10-10/2 - 19) = 1.4538E6
The attached file SP_REQ.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also checked
3.4.12. Plate + bridgeprofile
The intersection between the web and the flanges is according to the figure below.
a b
Program
Page:81
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Az = (h-t)*2*t
S = 2*(b1+h-a) + 2*(a2+h2)1/2
Wey1 = Iy/ez
Wey2 = Iy/(h+t1-ez)
h1 = Sqr(a2 + (h-t/2)2)
1. ezpl<t1
ezpl = Ax/2/b1
Wpy = b1/2*(ezpl2 + (t1-ezpl)2) + 2*t*h1*((h-t/2)/2+t1-ezpl) + b*t*(h+t1-t/2 - ezpl)
2. t1<= ezpl
b1*t1+2*t*h1/h*(ezpl-t1)=Ax/2
ezpl = (Ax/2 – b1*t1)/(2*t*h1/h) + t1
Wpy = b1*t1*(ezpl-t1/2) + 2*t*h1/(h-t/2)*(ezpl-t1)2/2 + 2*t*h1/(h-t/2)*(h+t1-t/2-ezpl)2/2 +

+ b*tw*(h+t1-t/2-ezpl)
Plate: b1 = 600 mm
t1 = 10 mm
Stiffener: h = 300 mm
b= 100 mm
t= 10 mm
a= 50 mm
Program
Page:82
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
y1(i) 0
z1(i) 305
y2(i) 600
Upper flange z2(i) 305
t(i) 10
l(i) 600
alfa(i) 0
y1(i) 200
z1(i) 300
y2(i) 250
Web 1 z2(i) 5
t(i) 10
l(i) 299.207
alfa(i) -1.4029
y1(i) 400
z1(i) 300
y2(i) 350
Web 2 z2(i) 5
t(i) 10
l(i) 299.207
alfa(i) 1.4029
y1(i) 250
z1(i) 5
y2(i) 350
Bottom flange z2(i) 5
t(i) 10
l(i) 100
alfa(i) 1.5708

1 6000 305 1830000 5.582E+08 5.000E+04
2 2992.07 152.5 456291.1112 6.958E+07 2.170E+07
3 2992.07 152.5 456291.1112 6.958E+07 2.170E+07
4 1000 5 5000 2.500E+04 8.333E+03
Summary 12984.1 2.7476E+06 6.9734E+08 4.3457E+07
Ax = 12984.1 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 101.925 kg/m
S = 2*(0.6-0.05) + 2*(0.052+0.32)1/2 = 1.708 m2/m
Az = 2*299.207*10 * sin(1.4029) = 5899.99 mm2
ez = 2.7476E6/Ax = 211.61 mm (from bottom flange)
Iy = 4.3457E7 + 6.9734E8– 12984.1*211.612 = 1.59384E8 mm4
ez = 310 - 211.61 = 98.39 mm (from upper plate)

Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wey1 = 1.59384E8 /98.39 = 1.619928E6 mm3
Wey2 = 1.59384E8 /211.61 = 7.5320E5 mm3
h1 = Sqr(502 + (300-10/2)2) =299.207
ezpl = (12984.1/2 – 600*10)/(2*10*299.207/295) + 10 = 34.268
Wpy = 600*10*(34.268 - 10/2) + 2*10*299.207/(300-10/2)*(34.268 -10)2/2 +

+2*10*299.207/(300-10/2)*295*(300+10-10/2- 34.268)2/2 + 100*10*(300+10-10/2-34.268) = 1.195724E6
The attached file SP_BRIDGE.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
3.5. REINFORCED PROFILES
3.5.1. HEA/HEB/IPE – Reinforced –type 1
The base profile can be chosen from HEA/HEB and IPE-profiles. The section properties for the reinforced
profile is then added to the base profile.
Section properties (ezel, Ax, Iy, Iz, Wey1,Wey2, Wez) are calculated with no further explanation. Wpy and
ezpl and are calculated without any consideration the to basic profiles radius. The Wpz is calculated with
consideration to the profiles radius. The shear areas are calculated as:
Ay = 2*B*tf + br*tfr
Az = (H-2*tf)*tw + (hr-tfr)*twr
tf is the flange thickness of the base profile.
Verification example
As base profile a HEB300 is used. The reinforcement is a T 150x200x10x20. This example is calculated with
SECTION, and then compared with calculations from ROBOT. The calculation from SECTION is shown
below.
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
The calculation from ROBOT is shown below.
SECTION ANALYSIS
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
-600.0 -500.0 -400.0 -300.0 -200.0 -100.0 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0
Y
0.0
0.0
19 18
20 2127
2616 17
22
15
z
-100.0
-100.0
-200.0
-200.0
y
2314
-300.0
-300.0
1 24 2825 13 12
2 310 11
-400.0
-400.0
5 49 8
-600.0 -500.0 -400.0 -300.0 -200.0 6
-100.0 0.0 7
100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0
Geometry description
Point no. Y Z
1 -150.0 mm -281.0 mm
2 -150.0 mm -300.0 mm
3 -5.0 mm -300.0 mm
4 -5.0 mm -430.0 mm
5 -100.0 mm -430.0 mm
6 -100.0 mm -450.0 mm
7 100.0 mm -450.0 mm
8 100.0 mm -430.0 mm
9 5.0 mm -430.0 mm
10 5.0 mm -300.0 mm
11 150.0 mm -300.0 mm
12 150.0 mm -281.0 mm
13 32.5 mm -281.0 mm Angle = -90.0 Deg
14 5.5 mm -254.0 mm
15 5.5 mm -46.0 mm Angle = -90.0 Deg
16 32.5 mm -19.0 mm
17 150.0 mm -19.0 mm
18 150.0 mm 0.0 mm
19 -150.0 mm 0.0 mm
20 -150.0 mm -19.0 mm
21 -32.5 mm -19.0 mm Angle = -90.0 Deg
22 -5.5 mm -46.0 mm
23 -5.5 mm -254.0 mm Angle = -90.0 Deg
24 -32.5 mm -281.0 mm
General results
Area A = 20207.8 mm2

Center of gravity Zc = -221.2 mm
Perimeter S = 2411.6 mm
Base material WU = 158.7 kG/m
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Principal system
Angle
alpha = 0.0 Deg
Moments of inertia
Ix = 2433034.3 mm4
Iy = 547570771.7 mm4
Iz = 98972471.5 mm4
Radii of inertia
iy = 164.6 mm
iz = 70.0 mm
Shear rigidity factors
Ay = 15303.1 mm2
Az = 5157.1 mm2
Elastic section moduli
Wely = 2393594.4 mm3
Welz = 659816.5 mm3
Shear areas
Wy = 11494.4 mm2
Wz = 4034.0 mm2
Plastic section moduli
Wply = 2765564.2 mm3
Wplz = 1074798.9 mm3
Maximum distances
Vy = 150.0 mm
Vpy = 150.0 mm
Vz = 221.2 mm
Vpz = 228.8 mm
The plastic secion modulus Wpy is by the Section program about 2% less than calculated by ROBOT, this
since Section doesn’t take into account the base profile radius.
The example is saved in the file RP_HEB_type1.sect

Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
The base profile ican be chosen from HEA/HEB and IPE-profiles. The section properties for the reinforced
Az = (H-2*tf)*tw + 2*hr*tr
Ay = 2*B*tf
As base profile a HEA200 is used. The reinforcement is a fb 50x10. This example is calculated with
SECTION, and then compared with calculations from ROBOT.
This example is calculated with SECTION, and then compared with calculations from ROBOT.
The calculation from SECTION is shown below.

Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR

Program
Page:90
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
SECTION ANALYSIS
-250.0 -200.0 -150.0 -100.0 -50.0 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0
10 9
2124
11 12 2726 7 2017
8
13z6
50.0
50.0
2223 Z 1918
y
Y
0.0
0.0
-50.0
-50.0
145
16 15 2825 4 3
-250.0 -200.0 -150.0 1
-100.0 -50.0 0.0 50.0 2
100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0
Point no. Y Z
1 -100.0 mm -95.0 mm
2 100.0 mm -95.0 mm
3 100.0 mm -85.0 mm
4 21.3 mm -85.0 mm Angle = -90.0 Deg
5 3.3 mm -67.0 mm
6 3.3 mm 67.0 mm Angle = -90.0 Deg
7 21.3 mm 85.0 mm
8 100.0 mm 85.0 mm
9 100.0 mm 95.0 mm
10 -100.0 mm 95.0 mm
11 -100.0 mm 85.0 mm
12 -21.3 mm 85.0 mm Angle = -90.0 Deg
13 -3.2 mm 67.0 mm
14 -3.3 mm -67.0 mm Angle = -90.0 Deg
15 -21.3 mm -85.0 mm
16 -100.0 mm -85.0 mm
17 100.0 mm 85.0 mm
18 100.0 mm 40.0 mm
19 90.0 mm 40.0 mm
20 90.0 mm 85.0 mm
21 -100.0 mm 85.0 mm
22 -100.0 mm 40.0 mm
23 -90.0 mm 40.0 mm
24 -90.0 mm 85.0 mm
General results
Area
A = 6283.1 mm2
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Center of gravity
Yc = 0.0 mm
Zc = 9.0 mm
Perimeter
S = 1316.1 mm
Base material
S235
E = 210000.0 MPa
den = 7852.8 kg/m3
WU = 49.3 kG/m
Principal system
Angle
alpha = 0.0 Deg
Moments of inertia
Ix = 217503.7 mm4
Iy = 40085471.2 mm4
Iz = 21485094.3 mm4
Radii of inertia
iy = 79.9 mm
iz = 58.5 mm
Ay = 4128.8 mm2
Az = 1532.9 mm2
Wely = 385613.1 mm3
Welz = 214850.9 mm3
Shear areas
Wy = 3110.4 mm2
Wz = 1089.7 mm2
Wply = 469283.2 mm3
Wplz = 289241.4 mm3
Maximum distances
Vy = 100.0 mm
Vpy = 100.0 mm
Vz = 86.0 mm
Vpz = 104.0 mm
The plastic secion modulus deviates 7% due to that the program doesn’t take into account the base profile
radius.
The example is saved in the file RP_HEA_type2

Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Az = (H-2*tf)*tw + 2*(hr-tr)*tr
Ay = 2*B*tf + 2*br*tr
As base profile a IPE300 is used as verification. The reinforcement is a L100x50x8. This example is calculated
with SECTION, and then compared with calculations from ROBOT. The calculation from SECTION is shown
below.
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR

Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
SECTION ANALYSIS
-400.0 -350.0 -300.0 -250.0 -200.0 -150.0 -100.0 -50.0 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0
Y
0.0
0.0
28 10 179
29
27
32 1125
26 1235
34 7 188
2420
21
19
136z
-50.0
-50.0
-100.0
-100.0
y
30
31 23
22
-150.0
-150.0
-200.0
-200.0
-250.0
-250.0
145
-300.0
-300.0
16 1536
33 4 3
-400.0 -350.0 -300.0 -250.0 -200.0 -150.0 -100.01 -50.0 0.0 50.0 2 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0
Point no. Y Z
1 -75.0 mm -300.0 mm
2 75.0 mm -300.0 mm
3 75.0 mm -289.3 mm
4 18.6 mm -289.3 mm Angle = -90.0 Deg
5 3.6 mm -274.3 mm
6 3.5 mm -25.7 mm Angle = -90.0 Deg
7 18.6 mm -10.7 mm
8 75.0 mm -10.7 mm
9 75.0 mm 0.0 mm
10 -75.0 mm 0.0 mm
11 -75.0 mm -10.7 mm
12 -18.6 mm -10.7 mm Angle = -90.0 Deg
13 -3.5 mm -25.7 mm
14 -3.5 mm -274.3 mm Angle = -90.0 Deg
15 -18.6 mm -289.3 mm
16 -75.0 mm -289.3 mm
17 75.0 mm 0.0 mm
18 75.0 mm -8.0 mm
19 125.0 mm -8.0 mm
20 125.0 mm 0.0 mm
21 125.0 mm -8.0 mm
22 125.0 mm -100.0 mm
23 117.0 mm -100.0 mm
24 117.0 mm -8.0 mm
25 -75.0 mm 0.0 mm
26 -75.0 mm -8.0 mm
27 -125.0 mm -8.0 mm
28 -125.0 mm 0.0 mm
29 -125.0 mm -8.0 mm
30 -125.0 mm -100.0 mm
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
31 -117.0 mm -100.0 mm
32 -117.0 mm -8.0 mm
General results
Area
A = 7653.2 mm2
Center of gravity
Yc = 0.0 mm
Zc = -116.3 mm
Perimeter
S = 1728.0 mm
Base material
S235
E = 210000.0 MPa
den = 7852.8 kg/m3
WU = 60.1 kG/m
Principal system
Angle
alpha = 0.0 Deg
Moments of inertia
Ix = 240991.4 mm4
Iy = 106517271.8 mm4
Iz = 35763853.6 mm4
Radii of inertia
iy = 118.0 mm
iz = 68.4 mm
Ay = 4033.4 mm2
Az = 2678.1 mm2
Wely = 579761.5 mm3
Welz = 286110.8 mm3
Shear areas
Wy = 2286.1 mm2
Wz = 1849.5 mm2
Wply = 774396.6 mm3
Wplz = 383181.6 mm3
Maximum distances
Vy = 125.0 mm
Vpy = 125.0 mm
Vz = 116.3 mm
Vpz = 183.7 mm
The plastic secion modulus Wpy deviates 5% due to that the program doesn’t take into account the base profile
radius.
The example is saved in the file RP_IPE_type3

Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
a>0 a=0
Section properties (Ax, Ay, Az, Iy, Iz, Wely, Welz, Wply, Wplz and calculated based on section properties
from the base together with the reinforced plates. Ix and Iw are calculated as for a boxprofile type 1, without
contribution from the mid wall.
A HEA 550 is used as base profile with 15 thick reinforced plates.
According to Bygg T, table M08:3b /1/, the base profile has following properties
h= 540 mm
b= 300 mm
tf = 24 mm
tw = 12.5 mm
r= 27 mm
Ax = 21180 mm2
Ay = 2x300x24 = 14400 mm2 (not given in reference)
Az = 6150 mm2
Iy = 1119 E6 mm4 (in ref Ix)
Iz = 108.2 E6 mm4 (in ref Iy)
Wey = 4150 E3 mm3 (in ref Wx)
Wez = 721 E3 mm3 (in ref Wy)
Wpy = 4620 E3 mm3 (in ref Zx)
Wpz = 1110 E3 mm3 (in ref Zy)
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
The reinforced profile has following input:
a= 15 mm
twr = 15 mm
following is calculated
hr = 540 - 2*24 = 492 (height of reinforcement)

ar = 300 - 2* 15 – 15 = 255 (cl between reinforcement)
hr = 540 –24 = 516 (cl between flanges)
Ax = 21180 + 2*492*15= 35940 mm2

Az = 6150 + 2*492*15 = 20910 mm2 (not given in reference)
Iy = 1119 E6 + 2* 15*4923/12 = 1417E6 mm4

Iz = 108.2 E6 + 2* 492*153/12 +2* 492*15*((300-2*15-15)/2) 2 = 348.4E6 mm4
Wey = Iy/(h/2) = 5.247E6 mm3

Wez = Iz/(b/2) = 2.323E6 mm3
Wpy = 4620 E3 + 2* 15*4922/4 = 6435E3 mm3

Wpz = 1110 E3 + 15*492*255 = 2.992E6 mm3
Ix = 2*2552*5162/(255/24+516/15) + 2*(300-255) *253 /3 = 769.5E6 mm4
Iw = 5162/24*(2552*516*15+3003*24)*[(2552*15-516*300*24)/ (2552*15+516*300*24)] 2 = 4.34E12 mm6
The attached file RP_HEA_type4.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also
Program
Page:98
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
3.5.5. I-profile – Reinforced –type 1
Section properties (ezel, Ax, Iy, Iz, Wey1,Wey2, Wez, Wpy and Wpz) are calculated with no further
explanation. The shear areas are calculated as:
Ay = 2*b*tf + br*tfr
Az = (h-2*tf)*tw + (hr-tfr)*twr
As base profile a I 300x300x11x19 is used as verification (similar to HEB300). The reinforcement is a T

150x200x10x20
The calculation is made as follows (z=0 at top flange):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Part b h Zc Yc A A*Zc A*(Zc)2 Iyc A*Yc A*(Yc)2 Izc

1 300,0 19,0 9,5 0,0 5700,0 54,150E+3 5,144E+05 1,715E+05 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 4,275E+07
2 11,0 262,0 150,0 0,0 2882,0 432,300E+3 6,485E+07 1,649E+07 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 2,906E+04
3 300,0 19,0 290,5 0,0 5700,0 1,656E+6 4,810E+08 1,715E+05 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 4,275E+07
4 10,0 130,0 365,0 0,0 1300,0 474,500E+3 1,732E+08 1,831E+06 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 1,083E+04
5 200,0 20,0 440,0 0,0 4000,0 1,760E+6 7,744E+08 1,333E+05 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 1,333E+07
Summary 19582,0 4,377E+06 1,494E+09 1,879E+07 0,000E+00 0,000E+00 9,887E+07
H= 450,0 mm
Bmax = 300,0 mm
A= 19582 mm2 (∑col 4)
g= 153,7 kg/m
Az = 4182,0 mm2 (Part 2+4)
Ay = 15400,0 mm2 (Part 1+3+5)
ez = 223,5 mm ((∑col6/(∑col5)
Iy = 5,345E+08 mm4
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Wey1 = 2,391E+06 mm3

Wey2 = 2,360E+06 mm3
Iz = 9,887E+07 mm4
Wey1 = 6,592E+05 mm3
S = 2*450+4*300-2*11+2*200-2*10= 2,458 m2/m
ezpl is placed in the cog of the area.
ezpl = (19582/2-300*19-262*11)/300 + 281= 285 mm
Wpyu = (300*19) * (285-19/2) + (262*11)*(262/2+4) + 300*4*2 = 1961.8E3 mm3 (upper part)
Wpyl = (200*20) * (150+15) + (130*10)*(130/2+15) + 300*15*15/2 = 797.78E3 mm3 (lower part)
Wpy = Wpyu + Wpyl = 2760E3 mm3
Wpz, see calculation for HEA/HEB/IPE – Reinforced – type 1 (including contributon from radius, thus a little
bit bigger)
Ix = 1/3Σbt3 = 2.064E6 mm3
The attached file RP_I1_type1.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also
Az = (h-2*tf)*tw + 2*hr*tr
Program
Page:100
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Ay = 2*b*tf
As base profile a I 190x200x6.5x10 is used as verification (similar to HEA200). The reinforcement is a fb

50x10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 200 10 5 0,0 2000,0 10,000E+3 5,000E+04 1,667E+04 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 6,667E+06
2 6,5 170 95 0,0 1105,0 104,975E+3 9,973E+06 2,661E+06 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 3,891E+03
3 200 10 185 0,0 2000,0 370,000E+3 6,845E+07 1,667E+04 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 6,667E+06
4 10 50 35 95,0 500,0 17,500E+3 6,125E+05 1,042E+05 47,500E+3 4,513E+06 4,167E+03
5 10 50 35 -95,0 500,0 17,500E+3 6,125E+05 1,042E+05 -47,500E+3 4,513E+06 4,167E+03
Summary 6105,0 5,200E+05 7,970E+07 2,903E+06 0,000E+00 9,025E+06 1,335E+07
H= 190,0 mm
Bmax = 200,0 mm
A= 6105 mm2 (∑col 4)
g= 47,9 kg/m
Az = 2105,0 mm2 (Part 2+4+5)
Ay = 4000,0 mm2 (Part 1+3)
ez = 85,2 mm ((∑col6/(∑col5)
Iy = 3,831E+07 mm4
Wey1 = 4,498E+05 mm3
Wey2 = 3,655E+05 mm3
Iz = 2,237E+07 mm4
Wey1 = 2,237E+05 mm3
S = 2*190+4*200-2*6,5+4*50= 1,367 m2/m
ezpl = (6105/2-200*10)/26.5 + 10 = 49.7 mm
Wpyu = 200*10* (49.7-10/2) + 39.72/2*26.5 = 110.283E3 mm3 (upper part)
Wpyl = 200*10*(190-10/2-49.7)+(190-10-49.7)2/2*6.5 + (60-49.7)2/2*20 = 326.840E3 mm3 (lower part)
Wpy = Wpyu + Wpyl = 437.12E3 mm3
bit bigger)
Ix = 1/3Σbt3 = 1.822E5 mm3

Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Az = (h-2*tf)*tw + 2*(hr-tr)*tr
Ay = 2*b*tf + 2*br*tr
As base profile a I 300x150x7.1x10.7 is used as verification (similar to IPE300). The reinforcement is a

L100x50x8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 150,0 10,7 5,35 0,0 1605,0 8,587E+3 4,594E+04 1,531E+04 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 3,009E+06
2 7,1 278,6 150,00 0,0 1978,1 296,709E+3 4,451E+07 1,279E+07 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 8,310E+03
3 150,0 10,7 294,65 0,0 1605,0 472,913E+3 1,393E+08 1,531E+04 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 3,009E+06
4 50,0 8,0 4,00 100,0 400,0 1,600E+3 6,400E+03 2,133E+03 40,000E+3 4,000E+06 8,333E+04
5 50,0 8,0 4,00 -100,0 400,0 1,600E+3 6,400E+03 2,133E+03 -40,000E+3 4,000E+06 8,333E+04
6 8,0 92,0 54,00 121,0 736,0 39,744E+3 2,146E+06 5,191E+05 89,056E+3 1,078E+07 3,925E+03
7 8,0 92,0 54,00 -121,0 736,0 39,744E+3 2,146E+06 5,191E+05 -89,056E+3 1,078E+07 3,925E+03
Summary 0,0 7,460E+03 8,609E+05 1,882E+08 1,387E+07 0,000E+00 2,955E+07 6,202E+06
H= 300,0 mm
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Bmax = 250,0 mm
A= 7460,06 mm2 (∑col 4)
g= 58,6 kg/m
Az = 3450 mm2 (Part 2+6+7)
Ay = 4010 mm2 (Part 1+3+4+6)
ez = 115,4 mm ((∑col6/(∑col5)
Iy = 1,027E+08 mm4
Wey1 = 8,901E+05 mm3
Wey2 = 5,565E+05 mm3
Iz = 3,575E+07 mm4
Wey1 = 2,860E+05 mm3
S = 2*300+4*150-2*7.1+4*100+4*50-2*8= 1,770 m2/m
ezpl = (7460/2-250*8-150*2.7-16*2.7)/23.1 + 10.7 = 66.2 mm
Wpyu = 250*8*(66.2-8/2)+166*2.7*(66.2-8-2.7/2)+23.1*(66.2-10.7)2/2 = 185.457E3 mm3 (upper part)
Wpyl = 150*10.7*(300-10.7/2-66.2)+(300-10.7-66.2)2/2*7.1+(100-66.2)2/2*16 = 552.498E3 mm3 (lower part)
bit bigger)
Ix = 1/3Σbt3 = 2.041E5 mm3
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Definition of the profile are according to the figures below.
Alternative 1 (a=0) Alternative 2 a>0
Section properties (ezel, Ax, Iy, Iz, Wey, Wez, Wpy and Wpz) are calculated with no further explanation. The
shear areas are calculated as:
Ay = 2*b*tf
Az = (h-2*tf)*tw + 2*(h-2*tf)*tr
As base profile a I 540x300x12.5x24 is used as verification (similar to HEA550). The reinforcement is by plate
pl 15mm.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Part b h Yc Zc A A*Zc A*(Zc)2 A*Yc A*(Yc)2 Iyc Izc
1 300,0 24,0 0,00 12,00 7200,0 86,400E+3 1,037E+06 0,000E+00 0,000E+00 3,456E+05 5,400E+07
2 12,5 492,0 0,00 270,00 6150,0 1,661E+6 4,483E+08 0,000E+00 0,000E+00 1,241E+08 8,008E+04
3 300,0 24,0 0,00 528,00 7200,0 3,802E+6 2,007E+09 0,000E+00 0,000E+00 3,456E+05 5,400E+07
4 15,0 492,0 -127,50 270,00 7380,0 1,993E+6 5,380E+08 -9,410E+05 1,200E+08 1,489E+08 1,384E+05
5 15,0 492,0 127,50 270,00 7380,0 1,993E+6 5,380E+08 9,410E+05 1,200E+08 1,489E+08 1,384E+05
Summary 35310,0 9,534E+06 3,533E+09 0,000E+00 2,399E+08 4,225E+08 1,084E+08
H= 540,0 mm
B= 300,0 mm
A= 35310 mm2 (∑col 4)
g= 277,2 kg/m
Ay = 14400,0 mm2 (Part 1+3)
Az = 20910,0 mm2 (Part 2+4+5)
Iy = 1,381E+09 mm4
Wey = 5,115E+06 mm3
Iz = 3,483E+08 mm4
Program
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SECTION
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Wez = 2,322E+06 mm3
following is then calculated
hr = 540 - 2*24 = 492 (height of reinforcement)

ar = 300 - 2* 15 – 15 = 255 (cl between reinforcement)
hr = 540 –24 = 516 (cl between flanges)
Wpy = 300*24*(540-24) + (12.5+2* 15)*4922/4 = 6287E3 mm3

Wpz = 2*24*3002/4 +492*12.52/4+ 15*492*(300-2*15-15) = 2.981E6 mm3
Ix = 2*2552*5162/(255/24+516/15) + 2*(300-255) *253 /3 = 769.5E6 mm4
Iw = 5162/24*(2552*516*15+3003*24)*[(2552*15-516*300*24)/ (2552*15+516*300*24)] 2 = 4.34E12 mm6
Program
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Made by: AR
3.5.9. I-profile – unsymmetrical flanges - reinforced –type 1
Ay = b1*tf1 + b2*tf2 + br*tfr
Az = (h-tf1-tf2)*tw + (hr-tfr)*twr
As base profile a I 400x400/300x10x20/15 is used as verification. The reinforcement is a T 150x200x10x20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Part b h Zc Yc A A*Zc A*(Zc)2 Iyc A*Yc A*(Zc)2 Izc
1 400,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 8000,0 80,000E+3 8,000E+05 2,667E+05 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 1,067E+08
2 10,0 365,0 202,5 0,0 3650,0 739,125E+3 1,497E+08 4,052E+07 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 3,042E+04
3 300,0 15,0 392,5 0,0 4500,0 1,766E+6 6,933E+08 8,438E+04 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 3,375E+07
4 10,0 130,0 465,0 0,0 1300,0 604,500E+3 2,811E+08 1,831E+06 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 1,083E+04
5 200,0 20,0 540,0 0,0 4000,0 2,160E+6 1,166E+09 1,333E+05 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 1,333E+07
Summary 21450,0 5,350E+06 2,291E+09 4,284E+07 0,000E+00 0,000E+00 1,538E+08
H= 550,0 mm
Bmax = 400,0 mm
A= 21450 mm2 (∑col 4)
g= 168,4 kg/m
Az = 4950,0 mm2 (Part 2+4)
Ay = 16500,0 mm2 (Part 1+3+5)
ez = 249,4 mm ((∑col6/(∑col5)
Iy = 9,997E+08 mm4
Wey1 = 4,008E+06 mm3
Wey2 = 3,326E+06 mm3
Program
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Made by: AR
Iz = 1,538E+08 mm4
Wez = 7,690E+05 mm3
S = 2*550+2*400+2*300-4*10+2*200= 2,860 m2/m
ezpl = (21450/2-400*20)/10 + 20= 292.5 mm
Wpyu = (400*20)*(292.5-20/2) + 272.52*10/2= 2631.3E3 mm3 (upper part)
Wpyl = (200*20)*(140+107.5)+(130*10)*(130/2+107.5)+
+ 300x15*(107.5-15/2)+92.52*10/2= 1707E3 mm3 (lower part)
Wpy = Wpyu + Wpyl = 4338E3 mm3
Wpz = (20*4002 + 15*3002 + 365*102 + 20*2002 +130*102 )/4 = 1.3499E6 mm3
Ix = 1/3Σbt3 = 2.103E6 mm3
3.5.10. I-profile – unsymmetrical flanges - Reinforced –type 2
Az = (h-tf1-tf2)*tw + 2*hr*tr
Program
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Ay = b1*tf1 + b2*tf2
As base profile a I 500x300/200x20/10x10 is used as verification. The reinforcement is a Pl 100x15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 300,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 6000,0 60,000E+3 6,000E+05 2,000E+05 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 4,500E+07
2 10,0 470,0 255,0 0,0 4700,0 1,199E+6 3,056E+08 8,652E+07 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 3,917E+04
3 200,0 10,0 495,0 0,0 2000,0 990,000E+3 4,901E+08 1,667E+04 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 6,667E+06
4 15,0 100,0 70,0 - 1500,0 105,000E+3 7,350E+06 1,250E+06 -213,750E+3 3,046E+07 2,813E+04
142,5
5 15,0 100,0 70,0 142,5 1500,0 105,000E+3 7,350E+06 1,250E+06 213,750E+3 3,046E+07 2,813E+04
Summary 15700,0 2,459E+06 8,110E+08 8,924E+07 0,000E+00 6,092E+07 5,176E+07
H= 500,0 mm
Bmax = 300,0 mm
A= 15700 mm2 (∑col 4)
g= 123,2 kg/m
Az = 7700,0 mm2 (Part 2+4+5)
Ay = 8000,0 mm2 (Part 1+3)
ez = 156,6 mm ((∑col6/(∑col5)
Iy = 5,152E+08 mm4
Wey1 = 3,290E+06 mm3
Wey2 = 1,500E+06 mm3
Iz = 1,127E+08 mm4
Wez = 7,512E+05 mm3
S = 2*500+2*(300+200)-2*10+4*100= 2,380 m2/m
ezpl = (15700/2-300*20)/40 + 20 = 66.25 mm
Wpyu = 300*20*(66.25-20/2) + (66.25-20) 2/2*(2x15+10) = 380.281E3 mm3 (upper part)
Wpyl = 200*10*(500-10/2-66.25)+(500-10-66.25)2/2*10 + (120-66.25)2/2*30 = 1798.65E3 mm3 (lower part)
Wpz = (20*3002 + 10*2002 + 470*102)/4 + (15*100*(300-15)) = 9.8925E5 mm3
Ix = 1/3Σbt3 = 1.248E6 mm3
Program
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Made by: AR
3.5.11. I-profile – unsymmetrical flanges - Reinforced –type 3
Az = (h-tf1-tf2)*tw + 2*(hr-tr)*tr
Ay = b1*tf1 + b2*tf2 + 2*br*tr
As base profile a I 400x300/200x12x20/15 is used as verification. The reinforcement is a L100x50x6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 300,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 6000,0 60,000E+3 6,000E+05 2,000E+05 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 4,500E+07
2 12,0 365,0 202,5 0,0 4380,0 886,950E+3 1,796E+08 4,863E+07 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 5,256E+04
3 200,0 15,0 392,5 0,0 3000,0 1,178E+6 4,622E+08 5,625E+04 000,000E+0 0,000E+00 1,000E+07
4 50,0 6,0 3,0 - 300,0 900,000E+0 2,700E+03 9,000E+02 -52,500E+3 9,188E+06 6,250E+04
175,0
5 50,0 6,0 3,0 175,0 300,0 900,000E+0 2,700E+03 9,000E+02 52,500E+3 9,188E+06 6,250E+04
6 6,0 94,0 53,00 - 564,0 29,892E+3 1,584E+06 4,153E+05 -111,108E+3 2,189E+07 1,692E+03
197,0
7 6,0 94,0 53,00 197,0 564,0 29,892E+3 1,584E+06 4,153E+05 111,108E+3 2,189E+07 1,692E+03
Summary 15108,0 2186034,0 645550077,0 49715759,0 0,0 62151552,0 55180944,0
H= 400,0 mm
Bmax = 300,0 mm
A= 15108 mm2 (∑col 4)
g= 118,6 kg/m
Az = 5508,0 mm2 (Part 2+6+7)
Ay = 9600,0 mm2 (Part 1+3+4+5)
ez = 144,7 mm ((∑col6/(∑col5)
Program
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Made by: AR
Iy = 3,790E+08 mm4
Wey1 = 2,619E+06 mm3
Wey2 = 1,484E+06 mm3
Iz = 1,173E+08 mm4
Wez = 7,822E+05 mm3
S = 2*300+2*200+2*400-2*12+4*100+4*50-2*6= 2,364 m2/m
ezpl = (15108/2-300*20-2*50*6-2*14*6)/24 + 20 = 52.75 mm
Wpyu = 400*6*(52.75-6/2)+312*14*(52.75-6-14/2)+24*(52.75-20)2/2 = 305.8997E3 mm3 (upper part)
Wpyl = 200*15*(400-15/2-52.75)+(400-15-52.75)2/2*12+(100-52.75)2/2*12 = 1694.98E3 mm3 (lower part)
Wpz = (20*3002 + 15*2002 + 365*122 )/4 + 50*6*(300+50)+ 94*6*(300+100-6) = 9.404E5 mm3
Ix = 1/3Σbt3 = 1.256E6 mm3
Program
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Made by: AR
3.6. BRITISH PROFILES
3.6.1. UB/UC/UBP/J/PFC/CH
Theory and verification documentation

UB Arcelor Profiles, BS 4-1, UB.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, Ax, S, Iy, Iz,, Wey, BP_UB.sect
1993 /13/ Wez, Wpy, Wpz, Ix and Iw,
UC Arcelor Profiles, BS 4-1, UC.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, Ax, S, Iy, Iz,, Wey, BP_UC.sect
UBP Arcelor Profiles, BS 4-1, UBP.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, Ax, S, Iy, Iz,, Wey, BP_UBP.sect
J Arcelor Profiles, BS 4-1, J.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, Ax, S, Iy, Iz,, Wey, BP_J.sect
PFC Arcelor Profiles, BS 4-1, PFC.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, et, es Ax, S, Iy, Iz,, BP_PFC.sect
1993 /13/ Wey, Wez, Wpy, Wpz, Ix and
Iw,
CH Arcelor Profiles, BS 4-1, CH.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r1, r2, et, es Ax, S, Iy, BP_CH.sect
1993 /13/ Iz,, Wey, Wez, Wpy, Wpz, Ix
and Iw,
For some of the above profiles, following properties are calculated:
Ay = (h-2tf) tw
Az = 2 b*tf
Program
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Made by: AR
3.7. OLD PROFILES
3.7.1. DIMEL/DIP/DIMAX/DIPEX/INP
Profile Reference Database Data from reference

file
DIMEL Table II:10, Handboken för Hus- Dimel.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, Ax,
Väg- och Vattenbyggnad /11/. Iy, Iz, Ix and Iw
DIP Table II:10, Handboken för Hus- Dip.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, Ax,
Väg- och Vattenbyggnad /11/ Iy, Iz, Ix and Iw
DIMAX Table II:10, Handboken för Hus- Dimax.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, Ax,
DIPEX Table II:10, Handboken för Hus- Dipex.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, Ax,
INP Table II:9, Handboken för Hus- Inpold.dat h, b, tf ,tw, r, Ax,
The program calculates the same parameters as for a HEA profile, ref ch 3.1.1.
DIMEL - Verification calculation
A DIMEL 55 is used as verification. The program calculates following:
hw = 539-2*24.5= 490 mm
Ay = 2x297*24.5 = 145.53 cm2
Az = 490*13 = 63.7 cm2
r= Sqr(Ax-(2*b*tf+(h-2*tf)*tw)/(4-pi))=24.0 mm
S= 2*(539+2*297-13) –8*24+2*pi*24 = 2.1988 m2/m
Wpy = (b * tf) * (h - tf) + (hw2 * tw )/ 4 + 4 * r2 * (1 - pi / 4) * (hw / 2 - 0.2234 * r) =

= (297*24.5)*(539–24.5)+ 4902*13/ 4+4*242 *(1-pi /4)*(490/2-0.2234*24) = 4642.6 cm3
Wpz = 4 * (b / 2) 2 * tf / 2 + 2 * hw * (tw / 2)2 / 2 + 4 * r2 * (1 - pi / 4) * (tw / 2 + 0.2234 * r) =

= 4*(297/2) 2 *24.5/2+2*490*(13/2)2/2+4*242*(1-pi/4)*(13/2+0.2234*24) = 1107.1 cm3
The attached file OP_DIMEL.sect is in accordance with the above properties.
DIP - Verification calculation
A DIP 55 is used as verification. The program calculates following:
hw = 550-2*30 = 490 mm
Ay = 2x300*30 = 180.00 cm2
Az = 490*16= 78.4 cm2
r= Sqr(Ax-(2*b*tf+hw*tw)/(4-pi))=23.99 mm
S= 2*(550+2*300-16) –8*24+2*pi*24 = 2.227 m2/m

= (300*30)*(550–30)+ 4902*16/ 4+4*242 *(1-pi /4)*(490/2-0.2234*24) = 5758.8 cm3
Program
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SECTION
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Made by: AR

= 4*(300/2) 2 *30/2+2*490*(16/2)2/2+4*242*(1-pi/4)*(16/2+0.2234*24) = 1388.0 cm3
The attached file OP_DIP.sect is in accordance with the above properties.
DIMAX - Verification calculation
A DIMAX 55 is used as verification. The program calculates following:
hw = 570-2*40 = 490 mm
Ay = 2x305*40 = 244.00 cm2
Az = 490*21= 102.9 cm2
S= 2*(570+2*305-21) –8*24+2*pi*24 = 2.276 m2/m

= (305*40)*(570–40)+ 4902*21/ 4+4*242 *(1-pi /4)*(490/2-0.2234*24) = 7845.0 cm3

= 4*(305/2) 2 *40/2+2*490*(21/2)2/2+4*242*(1-pi/4)*(21/2+0.2234*24) = 1922.4 cm3
The attached file OP_DIMAX.sect is in accordance with the above properties.
DIPEX - Verification calculation
A DIPEX 55 is used as verification. The program calculates following:
hw = 550-2*30 = 490 mm
Ay = 2x300*30 = 180.0 cm2
Az = 490*13.5= 66.15 cm2
S= 2*(550+2*300-13.5) –8*24+2*pi*24 = 2.232 m2/m

= (300*30)*(550–30)+ 4902*13.5/ 4+4*242 *(1-pi /4)*(490/2-0.2234*24) = 5608.8 cm3

= 4*(300/2) 2 *30/2+2*490*(13.5/2)2/2+4*242*(1-pi/4)*(13.5/2+0.2234*24) = 1378.3 cm3
The attached file OP_DIPEX.sect is in accordance with the above properties.
INP Verification calculation
A INP 55 is used as verification. The program calculates following:
hw = 550-2*30 = 490 mm
Ay = 2x200*30 = 120.0 cm2
Az = 490*19= 93.1 cm2
r= tw =19.0 mm
Program
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Made by: AR
The attached file OP_INP.sect is in accordance with the above properties.
3.7.2. L-profiles
Profile Reference Database file Data from reference

L-equal Table II:6, Handboken för L1_old.dat h, t, r, ey, u2, Ax, Iy, Iz, Iu,
flanges Hus- Väg- och Iv
Vattenbyggnad /11/
L-unequal Table II:6, Handboken för L2_old.dat h, b, t, r, ey, ez, u2, Ax, tan
flanges Hus- Väg- och alfa, Iy, Iz, Iu, Iv
Vattenbyggnad /11/
The program calculates the same parameters as for a normal standard L-profile, ref ch 3.1.2.
L-equal - Verification calculation
A L90x90x13 is used as verification. The program caclulates following
u1 = 90*sin(45)-38.1+13/2*cos(45)=30.1 mm
v1 = 90*cos(45)-13/2*sin(45) = 59.0 mm
v3 = v1
S = 4*90-2*11+pi*11/2= 0.3553 m2/m
Ay = (90-13/2) 13 = 10.86 cm2
Az = Az
Ix = 2/3 * (90-13/2) * 13^3 = 12.23 cm4
Wey2 = 158/2.7=58.5 cm4
Weu1 = 250/5.9 = 42.37 cm3
Wev1 = 65.9/3.01 = 21.89 cm3
The attached file OP_L1.sect is in accordance with the above properties.
L-unequal - Verification calculation
A L130x90x14 is used as verification. The program caclulates following
Tan alfa = 0.465 => alfa = 24.94 deg

u1 = 130*sin(24.94)-39.6+14/2*cos(24.94)=21.56
v2 = 43.2*cos(24.94)-23.4*sin(24.94) = 29.30
v1 = 130*cos(24.94)- 29.30-14/2*sin(24.94) = 85.62
Ay = (90-14/2) 14 = 11.62 cm2
Az = (130-14/2) 14 = 17.22 cm2
Ix = 1/3 * ((90-14/2)+ (130-14/2)) * 14^3 = 18.84 cm4
Program
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Made by: AR
Weu1 = 560/8.562 = 65.405 cm3

Weu2 = 560/2.93 = 191.11 cm3
Wev1 = 106/2.156 = 49.165 cm3
Wev2 = 106/3.96 = 26.768 cm3
The attached file OP_L2.sect is in accordance with the above properties.

Program
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Made by: AR
3.8. BUILT-UP
3.8.1. Type 1
This profile is based on rectangels, located parallell to the axis system. Up to 10 sections can be located in the
program.
Every section part is located in the axis system as follows:
z-cog
Z
CoGglobal
CoGlocal
y-cog
h(i)
ez Zc z(i) b(i)
Y
y(i)
ey
Yc
Input parameters for each section are:
Width: b(i)
Height: h(i)
Distance from origo to lower left corner of section: y(i), z(i)
Following matrix table is used:
... Column
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 b(1)*h(1) y(1)+b(1)/2 z(1)+h(1)/2 A*Yc A*Zc A*(Yc)2 A*(Zc)2 b(1)*(h(1)) 3 /12 h(1)*(b(1)) 3 /12
...
i b(i)*h(i) y(i)+b(i)/2 z(i)+h(i)/2 A*Yc A*Zc A*(Yc)2 A*(Zc)2 b(i)*(h(i)) 3 /12 h(i)*(b(i)) 3 /12
...
n b(n)*h(n) y(n)+b(n)/2 z(n)+h(n)/2 A*Yc A*Zc A*(Yc)2 A*(Zc)2 b(n)*(h(n)) 3 /12 h(n)*(b(n)) 3 /12
∑A ∑(A*Yc) ∑(A*Zc) ∑(A*(Yc)2 ∑(A*(Zc)2 ∑Iyc ∑Izc
Program
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Made by: AR
The section properties are calculated as follows:
Ax = ∑A
Ay =∑b(i)*h(i) (for sections where b(i)>h(i))
Az =∑b(i)*h(i) (for sections where h(i)>b(i))
S =2*∑b(i) (for sections where b(i)>h(i))
S =2*∑h(i) (for sections where h(i)>b(i))
ey = ∑(A*Yc)/Ax
ez = ∑(A*Zc)/Ax
Iy = ∑Iyc+ ∑(A*(Zc)2)- Ax*(ez)2
Iyz = ∑A*(Zc-ez)*(Yc-ey) (changed ver 4.5)
Weyt = Iy/(zmax-ez)
Weyb = Iy/(ez- zmin)
Iz = ∑Izc+ ∑(A*(Yc)2)- Ax*(ey)2
Wezl = Iz/(ey-ymin)
Wezr = Iz/(ymax-ey)
Ix =1/3 ∑ (b(i)*h(i)3) ; b(i)>h(i) else h(i)*b(i)3
ey = ey-ymin (to local origo)
ez = ez-zmin (to local origo)
R = Sqr(((Iy-Iz)/2)2+ Iyz2)
alfa = (arccos((Iy-Iz)/(2*R)))/2
I1 = (Iy+Iz)/2 +R
I2 = (Iy+Iz)/2 - R
The CoG for the plastic cross section is placed where the cross section area is divided in two equal sizes, see
figure below:
Program
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Made by: AR
Ax/2
az1 Z
Ax/2 az2 ezpl
Wpy = ∫zdA
Wpz = ∫ydA
Two identical examples are calculated, one with origo in (0,0) and one with origo in (-125,-75).
Verification example 1

Program
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Made by: AR
b(1) 300
Section 1 h(1) 25
y(1) 25
z(1) 475
b(2) 200
Section 2 h(2) 20
y(2) 0
z(2) 0
b(3) 15
Section 3 h(3) 455
y(3) 142.5
z(3) 20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 7500 175 487.5 1312500 3656250 2.297E+08 1.782E+09 3.906E+05 5.625E+07
2 4000 100 10 400000 40000 4.000E+07 4.000E+05 1.333E+05 1.333E+07
3 6825 150 247.5 1023750 1689187.5 1.536E+08 4.181E+08 1.177E+08 1.280E+05
Summary 18325 2.7363E+06 5.3854E+06 4.2325E+08 2.2009E+09 1.1827E+08 6.9711E+07
Ax = 18325 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 143.851 kg/m
S = 2*(0.3+0.2+0.455) = 1.91 m2/m
Ay = 300*25 + 200*20 = 11500 mm2
Az = 15*455 = 6825 mm2
ey = 2.7363E6/Ax = 149.32 mm
ez = 5.3854E6/Ax = 293.88 mm
Iy = 1.1827E8 + 2.2009E9 – 18325*293.88 2 = 7.36494E8 mm4
Iyz = 7500*175*487.5+4000*100*10+6825*150*247.5 –18325*293.88*149.32 = 9.3081E7
Weyt = 7.36494E8 /(500-293.88) = 3.573E6 mm3
Weyb = 7.36494E8 /293.88 = 2.50608E6 mm3
Iz = 6.9711E7 + 4.2325E8 – 18325*149.32 2 = 8.4375E7 mm4
Wezl = 8.4375E7 /149.32 = 5.6506E5 mm3
Wezr = 8.4375E7 /(325-149.32) = 4.8028E5 mm3
It = 1/3*(300*25 3 +200*203+455*15 3) = 2.6077E6 mm3

Program
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Made by: AR
R = Sqr(((7.36494E8-8.4375E7)/2)2 + Iyz2)= 3.39085E8
alfa = (arccos((7.36494E8-8.4375E7)/(2*3.39085E8)))/2 = 7.966 deg
I1 = (7.36494E8+8.4375E7)/2 +3.39085E8 = 7.4952E8 mm4
I2 = (7.36494E8+8.4375E7)/2 - 3.39085E8 = 7.1349E7 mm4
ezpl = (18325/2-200x20)/15+20=364.17
Wpy=200x20*(ezpl-10)+300x25*(500-25/2-ezpl)+15(ezpl-20)2 /2 + 15(475-ezpl)2 /2 =3.322E6 mm3
eypl =142.5+ (18325/2-142.5*20-117.5*25)/500=149.25
Wpz=20*eypl2/2 +20*(200-eypl) 2/2 + 25*(eypl-25) 2/2 + 25*(325-eypl) 2/2 + 455*(eypl-142.5) 2/2 +

+ 455*(157.5-eypl) 2/2 = 8.534E6
The attached file BU_TYPE1_EX1.sect is in accordance with the above properties. The screen output is also
Following profile is used as verification: (identical to example 1 but with origo in (-125,-75)
b(1) 300
Section 1 h(1) 25
y(1) -100
z(1) 400
b(2) 200
Section 2 h(2) 20
y(2) -125
z(2) -75
b(3) 15
Section 3 h(3) 455
y(3) 17.5
z(3) -55
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 7500 50 412.5 375000 3093750 1.875E+07 1.276E+09 3.906E+05 5.625E+07
2 4000 -25 -65 -100000 -260000 2.500E+06 1.690E+07 1.333E+05 1.333E+07
3 6825 25 172.5 170625 1177312.5 4.266E+06 2.031E+08 1.177E+08 1.280E+05
Summary 18325 4.4563E+05 4.0111E+06 2.5516E+07 1.4962E+09 1.1827E+08 6.9711E+07
Ax = 18325 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 143.851 kg/m

Program
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SECTION
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Made by: AR
S= 2*(0.3+0.2+0.455)=1.91 m2/m
Ay = 300*25 + 200*20 = 11500 mm2
Az = 15*455 = 6825 mm2
ey = 4.4563E5/Ax = 24.32 mm ( to (0,0) )
ez = 4.0111E6/Ax = 218.89 mm ( to (0,0) )
Iy = 1.1827E8 + 1.4962E9 – 18325*218.89 2 = 7.36493E8 mm4
Iyz = 7500*50*412.5+4000*(-25)*(-65)+6825*25*172.5– 18325*24.32*218.89 = 9.3069E7 mm4
Weyt = 7.36493E8 /(425-218.89) = 3.573E6 mm3
Weyb = 7.36493E8 /(218.89-(-75)) = 2.50604E6 mm3
Iz = 6.9711E7 + 2.5516E7 – 18325*24.32 2 = 8.4388E7 mm4
Wezr = 8.4388E7 /(200-24.32) = 4.8035E5 mm3
Wezl = 8.4388E7 /(24.32 - (-125)) = 5.6515E5 mm3
ey = ey – (-125) = 149.32 mm (to local origo)
ez = ez – (-75) = 293.89 mm (to local origo)
It = 1/3*(300*25 3 +200*203+455*15 3) = 2.6077E6 mm3
R = Sqr(((7.36493E8-8.4388E7)/2)2 + 9.3069E72)= 3.39082E8
I1 = (7.36493E8+8.4388E7)/2 +3.39082E8 = 7.4952E8 mm4
I2 = (7.36493E8+8.4388E7)/2 - 3.39082E8 = 7.1352E7 mm4
ezpl = (18325/2-200x20)/15+20=364.17
Wpy=200x20*(ezpl-10)+300x25*(500-25/2-ezpl)+15(ezpl-20)2 /2 + 15(475-ezpl)2 /2 =3.322E6 mm3
eypl =142.5+ (18325/2-142.5*20-117.5*25)/500=149.25
Wpz=20*eypl2/2 +20*(200-eypl) 2/2 + 25*(eypl-25) 2/2 + 25*(325-eypl) 2/2 + 455*(eypl-142.5) 2/2 +

+ 455*(157.5-eypl) 2/2 = 8.534E6
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
3.8.2. Type 2
This profile is based on rectangles, located arbitrary in the axis system. Up to 10 sections can be located in the
program.
Every section part is located in the axis system as follows:
t(i)
2
z-cog CoGglobal
l(i)
z2(i)
y-cog
alfa(i)
CoGlocal
ez 1
z1(i)
Y
y1(i)
y2(i)
ey
Input parameters for each section are:
Distance from origo to midpoint of end 1: y1(i), z1(i)

Distance from origo to midpoint of end 2: y2(i), z2(i)
Thickness: t(i)
Program
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SECTION
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Made by: AR
Following matrix table is used:
Column
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Part A Yc Zc A*Yc A*Zc A*(Yc)2 A*(Zc)2 Iyc Izc Iyzc
1 l(1)*t(1) Yc(1) Zc(1) A*Yc A*Zc A*(Yc)2 A*(Zc)2 Iyc(1) Izc(1) Iyzc(1)
...
I l(i)*t(i) Yc(i) Zc(i) A*Yc A*Zc A*(Yc)2 A*(Zc)2 Iyc(i) Izc(i) Iyzc(i)
...
N l(n)*t(n) Yc(n) Zn(i) A*Yc A*Zc A*(Yc)2 A*(Zc)2 Iyc(n) Izc(n) Iyzc(n)
∑A ∑(A*Yc) ∑(A*Zc) ∑(A*(Yc)2 ∑(A*(Zc)2 ∑Iyc ∑Izc ∑Iyzc
*) Column 10 new in ver 4.5
Explanations to parameters in the table above:
l(i) = [(z2(i)-z1(i)) 2 +(y2(i)-y1(i)) 2)] 1/2
S = 2*∑ l(i)
If y2(i)=y1(i) then alfa(i) =-pi/2 else (changed ver 4.5.0)
alfa(i) = -arctan((z2(i)-z1(i)) /(y2(i)-y1(i))) (changed ver 4.5.0)
Yc(i) = (y1(i)+y2(i))/2
Zc(i) = (z1(i)+z2(i))/2
Iyc(i) = 1/12*(l(i)*t(i) 3 * (cos(alfa(i))2 + 1/12*(t(i)*l(i) 3 * (sin(alfa(i))2
Izc(i) = 1/12*(l(i)*t(i) 3 * (sin(alfa(i))2 + 1/12*(t(i)*l(i) 3 * (cos(alfa(i))2
Iyzc(i) = (1/12*(l(i)*t(i) 3 - 1/12*(t(i)*l(i) 3)/2* (sin(2*alfa(i))2 (changed ver 4.5.0)
The section properties are then calculated as follows:
Ax = ∑A
Ay =∑l(i)*t(i)* cos(alfa(i))
Az =∑l(i)*t(i)* sin(⏐alfa(i)⏐)
ey = ∑(A*Yc)/Ax
ez = ∑(A*Zc)/Ax
Iy = ∑Iyc+ ∑(A*(Zc)2)- Ax*(ez)2
Iyz = ∑A*(Zc-ez)*(Yc-ey) (changed ver 4.5.0)
Weyt = Iy/(zmax-ez)
Weyb = Iy/(ez - zmin)
Iz = ∑Izc+ ∑(A*(Yc)2)- Ax*(ey)2

Program
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SECTION
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Made by: AR
Wezr = Iz/(ymax-ey)
Wezl = Iz/(ey-ymin)
Ix =1/3 ∑ (l(i)*t(i)3)
ey = ey- ymin
ez = ez- zmin
R = Sqr(((Iy-Iz)/2)2 + Iyz2)
alfa = (arccos((Iy-Iz)/(2*R)))/2
I1 = (Iy+Iz)/2 +R
I2 = (Iy+Iz)/2 - R
Two examples are calculated, one identical to eaxmple 2 in chapter 3.5.1 and one with L-profile. Th L-profile
has also been verified towards formulas in Roark /6/.
y1(i) -100
z1(i) 412.5
y2(i) 200
Section 1 z2(i) 412.5
t(i) 25
l(i) 300
alfa(i) 0
y1(i) -125
z1(i) -65
y2(i) 75
Section 2 z2(i) -65
t(i) 20
l(i) 200
alfa(i) 0
y1(i) 25
z1(i) -55
y2(i) 25
Section 3 z2(i) 400
t(i) 15
l(i) 455
alfa(i) 1.5708
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Program
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SECTION
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Made by: AR

1 7500 50 412.5 375000 3093750 1.875E+07 1.276E+09 3.906E+05 5.625E+07
2 4000 -25 -65 -100000 -260000 2.500E+06 1.690E+07 1.333E+05 1.333E+07
3 6825 25 172.5 170625 1177312.5 4.266E+06 2.031E+08 1.177E+08 1.280E+05
Summary 18325 4.4563E+05 4.0111E+06 2.5516E+07 1.4962E+09 1.1827E+08 6.9711E+07
Ax = 18325 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 143.851 kg/m
S = 2*(0.3+0.2+0.455)=1.91 m2/m
Ay = 7500 + 4000 = 11500 mm2
Az = 6825 mm2
ey = 4.4563E5/Ax = 24.32 mm (from (0,0))
ez = 4.0111E6/Ax = 218.89 mm (from (0,0))
Iy = 1.1827E8 + 1.4962E9 – 18325*218.89 2 = 7.3649E8 mm4
Iyz = 7500*50*412.5+4000*(-25)*(-65)+6825*25*172.5– 18325*24.32*218.89 = 9.30689E7 mm4
Weyt = 7.3649E8 /(425-218.89) = 3.5733E6 mm3
Weyb = 7.3649E8 /(218.89-(-75)) = 2.5060E6 mm3
Iz = 6.9711E7 + 2.5516E7 – 18325*24.32 2 = 8.4390E7 mm4
Wezr = 8.4390E7/(200-24.32) = 4.80362E5 mm3
Wezl = 8.4390E7 /(24.32-(-125)) = 5.65163E5 mm3
It = 1/3*(300*25 3 +200*203 +455*153) = 2.60771E6 mm3
ey = 24.32 – (-125) = 149.32 mm (from min y-coordinate)
ez = 218.89 – (-75) = 293.89 mm (from min z-coordinate)
R = Sqr(((7.3649E8-8.4390E7)/2)2 + 9.30689E72)= 3.3907E8
I1 = (7.3649E8+8.4390E7)/2 +3.3907E8 = 7.49512E8 mm4
I2 = (7.3649E8+8.4390E7)/2 - 3.3907E8 = 7.1367E7 mm4
checked and found in accordance with the above properties
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Following profile is used as verification: (origo in (-50,-100)
y1(i) -50
z1(i) -100
y2(i) 150
Section 1 z2(i) 100
t(i) 20
l(i) 282.843
alfa(i) 0.7854
y1(i) 150
z1(i) 85.9
y2(i) 335.9
Section 2 z2(i) -100
t(i) 20
l(i) 262.902
alfa(i) -0.7854
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 5656.85 50 0 282842.712 0 1.414E+07 0.000E+00 1.895E+07 1.895E+07
2 5258.05 242.95 -7.05 1277442.28 -37069.224 3.104E+08 2.613E+05 1.523E+07 1.523E+07
Summary 10914.9 1.5603E+06 -3.7069E+04 3.2450E+08 2.6134E+05 3.4181E+07 3.4181E+07
Ax = 10914.9 mm2
g = Ax * 7850 = 85.68 kg/m
S = 2*(0.283+0.263)=1.092 m2/m
Ay = 282.843*20 * cos(0.7854) + 262.902*20* cos(0.7854) = 7718 mm2
Az = 282.843*20 * sin(0.7854) + 262.902*20* sin(0.7854) = 7718 mm2
ey = 1.5603E6/Ax = 142.95 mm ( to (0,0) )
ez = - 3.7069E4/Ax = -3.40 mm ( to (0,0) )
Iy = 3.4181E7+ 2.6134E5– 10914.9*3.42 = 3.4316E7 mm4
Iyz = 5258.05*242.95*(-7.05) =-3.7010E6 mm4
Weyt = 3.4316E7 /(100+10*cos(0.7854) – (-3.40)) = 3.10637E5 mm3
Weyb = 3.4316E7 /((-3.40)-(-100)+10*cos(0.7854)) = 3.3101E5 mm3
Iz = 3.4181E7 + 3.2450E8 – 10914.9*142.952 = 1.35633E8 mm4
Wezr = 1.35633E8 /(335.9+10*cos(0.7854) - 142.95) = 6.781E5 mm3
Wezl = 1.35633E8/(142.95 – (-50) +10*cos(0.7854)) = 6.781E5 mm3

Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
ey = 142.95 – (-50) + 10*cos(0.7854) = 200.02 mm (to local origo)
ez = -3.40 – (-100) + 10*cos(0.7854) = 103.67 mm (to local origo)
It = 1/3*(262.902 + 282.843)*203) = 1.455E6 mm3
R = Sqr(((3.4316E7-1.35633E8)/2)2 + 3.701E62)= 5.0793E7
I1 = (3.4316E7+1.35633E8)/2 +5.0793E7= 1.35768E8 mm4
I2 = (3.4316E7+1.35633E8)/2 - 5.0793E7= 3.4181E7 mm4
According to Roark (ch 5, table 1 /6/), the section property can be calculated as:
b = 282.84 – 20 = 262.84
ey = 800001/2 /21/2 = 200
ez = 80000 /21/2 /(2*800001/2 -20) = 103.67
Iy = (282.844 - 262.844)/12 – 0.5* 202*282.842 *262.842/(282.84 + 262.84) = 3.43056E7 mm4
Iz = (282.844 - 262.844)/12 = 1.35586E8 mm4
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
3.8.3. Type 3
This profile is a solid profile with up to two inside cut-outs. The outer contour can have up to 16 brake-points
and the inner countours can have up to 6 brake-points.
The program calculates following properties
Ax, ey, ez, g, S, Ix, Iy, Iz, I1, I2, alfa, Wy, Wz
The torsional contant Ix is calculated as:
Ix = Ax4/(40*Ip) (ref Roark formulas for stress&strain, table 20, item 21)
Where Ip = Iy+Iz
This is an apporximate method.
The properties is calculated by splicing the body into vertical and horizontal slices of 1/2000 of the
width/height.
Four examples are calculated, one based on calculations from earlier calculations and three with complex
shape, verified with the 3D Finite Element program ROBOT Millennium’s (www.robobat.com) section
calculation module.
In the table below, the deviations are shown
Deviations (%)
Parameter Ex 1 Ex2 Ex3 Ex4
Ax -0.11 0 0 0
S -perimeter 0 *) 0 0 0
CoG 0.07 0 0 0
CoG -0.07 0 0 0
Ix +31 -21.7 **) 6.57 **) -40 **)
Iy 0.20 -0.01 0 0
Iz -0.59 -0.01 0 0
I1 0.20 -0.01 0 0
I2 -0.63 -0.01 0 0
Angle -1.25 0 0 0
*) Exact value 1.97 m2/m
**) Reference calculations based on plastic torsional constant calculated by ROBOT
The deviations in the table above are less than 1% ecept for Ix calculations. The used method to calculate Ix is
approximately and is mainly used for section shapes similar to example 3.
Program
Page:128
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
This exmple is the same as the Example 1 for the built-up type 1 (ref ch 3.5.1 and example
BU_TYPE1_EX1.sect).
The calculation from solid body is shown below.
This is an example of a body, not suitable as a solid body, since it has many thin areas in vertical and horisontal
directions. The deviations is below 1% compared to example 1 for built-up type 1 profile (except Ix)
The example is saved in the file BU_TYPE3_EX1.sect

Program
Page:129
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
This example is calculated with SECTION, and then compared with calculations from ROBOT.

Program
Page:130
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0 3500.0 4000.0 4500.0 5000.0 5500.0 6000.0 6500.0
2000.0
2000.0
y
1500.0
1500.0
1 2
3
1000.0
1000.0
8 7z 4
500.0
500.0
Z
Y
0.0
0.0
6 5
-500.0
-500.0
0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0 3500.0 4000.0 4500.0 5000.0 5500.0 6000.0 6500.0
Point no. Y Z
1 0.0 mm 1400.0 mm
2 6405.0 mm 1400.0 mm
3 6405.0 mm 1220.0 mm
4 4455.0 mm 1080.0 mm
5 4455.0 mm 0.0 mm
6 2655.0 mm 0.0 mm
7 2655.0 mm 1080.0 mm
8 0.0 mm 1080.0 mm
General results
Area A = 3.857e+006 mm2

Center of gravity Yc = 3289.8 mm
Zc = 891.2 mm
Perimeter S = 15475.0 mm
Principal system
Angle alpha = 87.0 Deg

Moments of inertia Ix = 9.399e+011 mm4
Iy = 6.843e+012 mm4
Iz = 6.708e+011 mm4
Central system
Moments of inertia Iyc = 6.879e+011 mm4

Izc = 6.826e+012 mm4
Program
Page:131
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Iyczc = -3.237e+011 mm4

Program
Page:132
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
This exmple is calculated with SECTION, and then compared with calculations frpm ROBOT.

Program
Page:133
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
SECTION ANALYSIS
-8000.0 -6000.0 -4000.0 -2000.0 0.0 2000.0 4000.0 6000.0 8000.0 10000.0 12000.0 14000.0
8000.0
8000.0
2
3
6000.0
6000.0
1
z
4000.0
4000.0
9
5
2000.0
2000.0
y
Z
Y
0.0
0.0
8
6
-2000.0
-2000.0
-8000.0 -6000.0 -4000.0 -2000.0 0.0
7
2000.0 4000.0 6000.0 8000.0 10000.0 12000.0 14000.0
Point no. Y Z
1 -1000.0 mm 6000.0 mm
2 7000.0 mm 8000.0 mm
3 8200.0 mm 6700.0 mm
4 8300.0 mm 4500.0 mm
5 6500.0 mm 3000.0 mm
6 4700.0 mm -1000.0 mm
7 2300.0 mm -2200.0 mm
8 300.0 mm 0.0 mm
9 -2000.0 mm 4000.0 mm
General results
Area
A = 6.327e+007 mm2
Center of gravity
Yc = 3215.5 mm
Zc = 3448.7 mm
Perimeter
S = 31453.8 mm
Principal system
Angle
alpha = -47.9 Deg
Program
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SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Moments of inertia
Ix = 5.266e+014 mm4
Iy = 4.495e+014 mm4
Iz = 2.644e+014 mm4
Central system
Moments of inertia
Iyc = 3.477e+014 mm4
Izc = 3.663e+014 mm4
Iyczc = 9.206e+013 mm4

Program
Page:135
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
This exmple is calculated with SECTION, and then compared with calculations frpm ROBOT.

Program
Page:136
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
SECTION ANALYSIS
-8000.0 -6000.0 -4000.0 -2000.0 0.0 2000.0 4000.0 6000.0 8000.0 10000.0 12000.0 14000.0
8000.0
8000.0
2
3
6000.0
6000.0
1 13
z
17 14
4000.0
4000.0
9
10 5
2000.0
2000.0
16 y
Z
11 15
Y
0.0
12
0.0
8
6
-2000.0
-2000.0
-8000.0 -6000.0 -4000.0 -2000.0 0.0
7
2000.0 4000.0 6000.0 8000.0 10000.0 12000.0 14000.0
Point no. Y Z
1 -1000.0 mm 6000.0 mm
2 7000.0 mm 8000.0 mm
3 8200.0 mm 6700.0 mm
4 8300.0 mm 4500.0 mm
5 6500.0 mm 3000.0 mm
6 4700.0 mm -1000.0 mm
7 2300.0 mm -2200.0 mm
8 300.0 mm 0.0 mm
9 -2000.0 mm 4000.0 mm
10 2200.0 mm 3000.0 mm
11 0.0 mm 1300.0 mm
12 2000.0 mm 500.0 mm
13 4000.0 mm 6000.0 mm
14 7000.0 mm 5000.0 mm
15 5000.0 mm 1500.0 mm
16 3500.0 mm 2500.0 mm
17 3000.0 mm 5200.0 mm
General results
Area
A = 5.002e+007 mm2
Center of gravity
Yc = 2981.0 mm
Program
Page:137
SECTION
Document title:
Made by: AR
Zc = 3426.3 mm
Perimeter
S = 31453.8 mm
Principal system
Angle
alpha = -44.5 Deg
Moments of inertia
Ix = 4.053e+014 mm4
Iy = 3.958e+014 mm4
Iz = 2.485e+014 mm4
Central system
Moments of inertia
Iyc = 3.236e+014 mm4
Izc = 3.208e+014 mm4
Iyczc = 7.364e+013 mm4
The example is saved in the file BU_TYPE3_EX4.sect .

SECTION Theory&Verification Ver 460

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PROGRAM: SECTION

Jan-2008 Issued for version 4.6 AR

Phone: +46 (0)8 732 87 20 StruProg AB

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

3.4.7. Plate + T-built-up and T-bulb ............................................................................ 68

Following notation is used

alfa : angle of main principle axis for non-symmetric section

Database Solid General Stiffened Old Built-up

In the following, the different section types are described.

1.1. Database profiles

• CFRHS – rectangular - cold formed

1.2. Solid profile

Solid profiles can be chosen from three different types according to

1.3. General profiles

General can be chosen from 12 different types according to

• I-girder – equal flanges

1.4. Stiffened plate

Stiffened plates can be chosen from 12 different types according to

1.5. Reinforced profiles

1.6. British profiles

1.7. Old profiles

1.8. Built-up section

The units can be chosen according to:

Density: kg/m3, t/m3, lb/ft3 and lb/inch3

The conversion between the units are:

kg/m3 ==> t/m3 0.001

/1/ Handboken Bygg, band T, LiberFörlag, Stockholm

/2/ Konstruktionstabeller – Balk-Stång-Rör, Tibnor, 01-05-01

/3/ Fundia, Shipbuilding profiles, 1996

/4/ RHS Handboken, British Steel, E/98

/5/ “Rautaruukkis Hålprofiler EN 10219”, MEF 6/98, Rautaruukki

/8/ NS3472, 2. utg. juni 1984, Norges Standardiseringsforbund, Norway

/9/ T-bulb, Technical Specifications, Fundia, 1997

/10/ Arcelor profiles (DIN 1025-1)

/12/ Arcelor profiles (DIN 1026-1)

/13/ Arcelor profiles (BS 4-1)

/14/ Corus, Bulb flats, 2002

3. THEORY MANUAL AND VERIFICATION DOCUMENTATION

3.1. DATABASE PROFILES

Theory and verification documentation

Profile Reference Database file Data from reference Verification file

For some of the above profiles, following properties are calculated:

Plastic section modulus

The effect of radius is calculated as:

eyl = ezl = 0.2234 r

The plastic section modulus can then be calculated as:

Wpy = (b * tf) * (h - tf) + (hw2 * tw )/ 4 + 4 * r2 * (1 - pi / 4) * (hw / 2 - 0.2234 * r)

Wpz = 4 * (b / 2) 2 * tf / 2 + 2 * hw * (tw / 2)2 / 2 + 4 * r2 * (1 - pi / 4) * (tw / 2 + 0.2234 * r)

3.1.2. L-equal/L-unequal flanges

Theory and Verification documentation

Profile Reference Database file Data from reference Verification file

The program calculates then following properties:

v2 = ez*cos(alfa) – ey*sin(alfa)= 0 (equal flanges)

Figure Definition of u3 and v3

v3 and u3 are by the program calculated according to:

Figure Definition of v1 and u1

u1 and v1 are by the program calculated according to:

Wey = Wez = Iy/(h-ez)

Ix = 2/3 * (b-t/2) * t^3

Definition of the profile is according to the figure below.

eyl = ezl = 0.2234 r

Iyl = Izl = 0.007545 r4 (local axis)

Iy = Iyl + Ax * ez2 (global axis)

v2 = ezcos(alfa) – eysin(alfa)= 0 (equal flanges)

Ix = 1/3 * (btf 3 + (h-tf)tw 3 )

Iyl = 0.007545154 + 48.29(15 + 0.2234*15) 2 = 16644.07 mm4

Izl = 0.007545154 + 48.29(10.5 + 0.2234*15) 2 = 9646.41 mm4

Iyl = - 0.0075457.54 – 12.07(15 - 0.2234*7.5) 2 = -2166.81 mm4

Izl = - 0.0075457.54 – 12.07(100 - 0.2234*7.5) 2 = -116713.1 mm4

ey = (90710.63 + 48.29* (10.5+0.223415) - 12.07(100-0.2234*7.5))/Ax = 19.916 mm

ez = 300 – (482568.75 + 48.29* (15 +0.223415) – 12.07(15-0.2234*7.5))/Ax = 193.28 mm

Ix = 1/3(100153 + 285* 10.53) = 2.2247E5 mm4

Ix = 0.0231(36.948.15)4/Ip + 263.1*113/3 = 5.392E5 mm4

ey = 500 - (14/2(500-40) 2 + ((500-40) + 23.41) 5008)/Ax = 159.144 mm

Iyl = 53.62E4 +((500-40) + 23.41) 2* 5008+14/12(500-40) 3 +14/4(500-40) 3 = 1.62507E9 mm4