Knowledge Required : Constants, Variable & Data Types,

Operators
PRACTICAL 1

Write a program that will output this passage by Michael singer. Make sure your output
looks exactly as shown here (including spacing, line brakes, punctuation, and the title and
author). Use Required Escape Sequence and ASCII value.

Software required :Turbo c++

INPUT :

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf("%c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c
%c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c\n",1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1);
printf("%c \"If you are resisting something, you are feeding it. %c\n",4,4);
printf("%c \tAny energy you fight, you are feeding it. %c\n",3,3);
printf("%c \t\tIf you are pushing something away, %c\n",1,1);
printf("%c \t\t\tYou are inviting to stay.\"by Michael Singer %c\n",4,4);
printf("%c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c
%c %c %c %c %c %c %c %c",1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1,4,3,1);
getch();
}
OUTPUT :

CSPIT(CE) Page 1
 PRACTICAL 2
In a town, the percentage of men is 52. The percentage of total literacy is 48. If total
percentage of literate men is 35 of the total population, write a program to find the total
number of illiterate men and women if the population of the town is 80,000.
Write Algorithms and Flowchart of this program.

Software required :Turbo c++

INPUT :

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
long int tp=80000,lm,lw,im,iw,tm,tw,tl;
clrscr();

printf("The total population of town is 80000.\n");

tm=52*tp/100;
printf("The total of men is %ld. \n",tm);

tw=48*tp/100;
printf("The total of women is %ld. \n",tw);

tl=48*tp/100;
printf("The total of literate is %ld. \n",tl);

lm=35*tp/100;
printf("The total literate men is %ld. \n",lm);

lw=tl-lm;
printf("The total literate women is %ld. \n",lw);

im=tm-lm;
printf("The total illiterate men is %ld. \n",im);

iw=tw-lw;
printf("The total illiterate women is %ld. \n",iw);

CSPIT(CE) Page 2
 printf("The total number of illiterate men and women is %ld and %ld",im,iw);
getch();
}

OUTPUT :

ALGORITHMS :

Step 1 : Start

Step 2 : input variables & values tp=80000,lm,lw,im,iw,tm,tw,tl

Step 3 : Process tm=52*tp/100, tw=48*tp/100, tl=48*tp/100, lm=35*tp/100, lw=tl-lm, im=tm-lm

Step 4 : Output the total number of tp,lm,lw,im,iw,tm,tw,tl

Step 5 : End

CSPIT(CE) Page 3
FLOW CHART:

Start

Input variables & values

tp=80000,lm,lw,im,iw,tm,tw,tl

tp=80000,lm,lw,im,iw,tm,tw,tl
tm=52*tp/100, tw=48*tp/100
tl=48*tp/100, lm=35*tp/100
lw=tl-lm, im=tm-lm
iw=tw-lw

Output
The total number of tp,lm,lw,im,iw,tm,tw,tl

End

CSPIT(CE) Page 4
 Knowledge Required: I/O Operations , Decision Making and Branching,
Decision Making and Looping

PRACTICAL 3

While purchasing certain items, a discount of 10% is offered if the quantity purchased is
more than 1000.If quantity and price per item are input through the keyboard, write a
program to calculate the total expenses. Use Simple If statement.

Software required :Codeblocks

INPUT :

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
floatq,ppi,te;
printf("Enter the quantity: ");
scanf("%f",&q);

printf("Enter the price per item: ");

scanf("%f",&ppi);

te=q*ppi;

if(q>1000)
te=te*0.9;

printf("Total expance is %f",te);

}

OUTPUT :

CSPIT(CE) Page 5
 PRACTICAL 4

Given three points (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3), write a program to check if all the three
points fall on one straight line. Use fabs() function of < maths.h> header file. Use if…else
statement.

Software required :Codeblocks

INPUT :

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
double x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,s1,s2;
printf("Enter the first point: ");
scanf("%lf %lf",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter the second point: ");
scanf("%lf %lf",&x2,&y2);

printf("Enter the third point: ");

scanf("%lf %lf",&x3,&y3);

s1=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1);
s2=(y3-y2)/(x3-x2);

if(s1==s2)
printf("The three points are in a straught line.");
else
printf("The three points are not in a straught line.");
}

OUTPUT :

CSPIT(CE) Page 6
 PRACTICAL 5

If the three sides of a triangle are entered through the keyboard, write a program to check
whether the triangle is valid or not. The triangle is valid if the sum of two sides is greater
than the largest of the three sides. Use nested if…else statement. Write Algorithms and
Flowchart of this program.

Software required :Codeblocks

INPUT :

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
float s1,s2,s3,Sum,Large;

printf("Enter the value of s1 : ");

scanf("%f",&s1);

printf("Enter the value of s2 : ");

scanf("%f",&s2);

printf("Enter the value of s3 : ");

scanf("%f",&s3);

if(s1>s2)
{
if(s1>s3)
{
Large=s1;
Sum=s2+s3;
}
else
{
Large=s3;
Sum=s1+s2;
}
}
else
{
if(s2>s3)

CSPIT(CE) Page 7
 {
Large=s2;
Sum=s1+s3;
}
else
{
Large=s3;
Sum=s1+s2;
}
}
printf("The largest side of triangle is %d \n",(int)Large);
if(Sum>Large)
{
printf("The triangle is valid.");
}
else
{
printf("The triangle is invalid.");
}
}

OUTPUT :

CSPIT(CE) Page 8
 PRACTICAL 6

Write a Program that receives month and date of birth as input and prints the
corresponding Zodiac Sign based on the following table: Use Else…if Ladder.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int d,m;

printf("Enter the month and date: ");

scanf("%d %d",&m,&d);

if(d>31||m>12||d<=0||m<=0)
{
printf("Invalid input.");
}

CSPIT(CE) Page 9
 else if((d>=21&&m==3)||(d<=19&&m==4))
{
printf("Your zodiac sign is Aries.");
}
else if((d>=20&&m==4&&d<31)||(d<=20&&m==5))
{
printf("Your zodiac sign is Taurus.");
}
else if((d>=21&&m==5)||(d<=20&&m==6))
{
printf("Your zodiac sign is Gemini.");
}
else if((d>=21&&m==6&&d<31)||(d<=22&&m==7))
{
printf("Your zodiac sign is Cancer.");
}
else if((d>=23&&m==7)||(d<=22&&m==8))
{
printf("Your zodiac sign is Leo.");
}
else if((d>=23&&m==8)||(d<=22&&m==9))
{
printf("Your zodiac sign is Virgo.");
}
else if((d>=23&&m==9&&d<31)||(d<=22&&m==10))
{
printf("Your zodiac sign is Libra.");
}
else if((d>=23&&m==10)||(d<=21&&m==11))
{
printf("Your zodiac sign is Scorpio.");
}
else if((d>=22&&m==11&&d<31)||(d<=21&&m==12))
{
printf("Your zodiac sign is Sagittarius.");
}
else if((d>=22&&m==12)||(d<=19&&m==1))
{
printf("Your zodiac sign is Capricorn.");
}
else if((d>=20&&m==1)||(d<=18&&m==2))
{

CSPIT(CE) Page 10
 printf("Your zodiac sign is Aquarius.");
}
else if((d>=19&&m==2&&d<29)||(d<=20&&m==3))
{
printf("Your zodiac sign is Pisces.");
}
else
{
printf("The value is invalid.");
}
}

OUTPUT :

CSPIT(CE) Page 11
 PRACTICAL 7

Write a program using Conditional Operators to determine whether Year entered through
the keyboard is a leap year or not. A year occurring once every four years, which has 366
days including 29 February is called a leap year. (Hint: The year is Leap if it is fully
divisible by 100 & 400 else the year is leap if it is fully divisible by 4).

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int year;

printf("Enter year: ");

scanf("%d",&year);

(year%4==0 && year%100!=0)? printf("LEAP YEAR"):((year%400==0)? printf("LEAP YEAR"): printf("NOT

A LEAP YEAR"));

return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

CSPIT(CE) Page 12
 PRACTICAL 8

If the ages of Ram, Shyam and Ajay are input through the keyboard, write a program to
determine the youngest of the three. Use Nested Switch Statement.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int r,s,a;

printf("Enter the age of Ram,Shyam and Ajay: ");

scanf("%d %d %d",&r,&s,&a);

switch(r<s)
{
case 1:
{
switch(r<a)
{
case 1:
printf("Ram is the youngest.");
break;

case 0:
printf("Ajay is the youngest.");
break;
}
}
break;

case 0:
{
switch(s<a)
{
case 1:

CSPIT(CE) Page 13
 printf("Shyam is the youngest.");
break;

case 0:
printf("Ajay is the youngest.");
break;
}
}
break;
}
}

OUTPUT :

CSPIT(CE) Page 14
 PRACTICAL 9

Write a program to calculate following series using if and goto statement.

12+22+…….n2

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
inti=1,sum=0,n;

printf("Enter the value of n: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

start:
if(i<=n)
{
sum=sum+(i*i);
i++;
goto start;
}
printf("sum = %d",sum);
}

OUTPUT :

CSPIT(CE) Page 15
 PRACTICAL 10

Write a program to find number of 1’s in the binary representation of a number. For
example, the binary of 5 is 0000 0000 0000 0101 contains two 1’s. Use for loop. Use Bitwise
AND & and Shift Right >> operator.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :

#include<stdio.h>
void main()

{
intx,count=0;
printf("enter the value of x: ");
scanf("%d",&x);

for( ;x;x=x>>1)
{
if((x&1)==1)
{
count++;
}
}
printf("count= %d",count);
}

OUTPUT :

CSPIT(CE) Page 16
 PRACTICAL 11

An “Armstrong number” is an n-digit number that is equal to the sum of the nth powers of
its individual digits. For example, 153 is an Armstrong number because it has 3 digits and
13+ 53+33 =153. Similarly, 1634 is an Armstrong number because it has 4 digits and 14+
64+34 + 44 = 1634. Write a program to find whether the entered number is Armstrong or
not using While Loop. Write Algorithms and Flowchart of this program.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()

{
intn,or;
double length=0,rem,sum=0;

printf("Enter the value of n:");

scanf("%d",&n);

or=n;

while(n > 0)
{
length++;
n = n / 10;
}
n=or;

while(n>0)
{
rem = n % 10;
sum = sum + pow(rem,length);
n = n / 10;
}

if(sum == or)
{

CSPIT(CE) Page 17
printf("the number is an ARMSTRONG NUMBER.");
}
else
{
printf("the number is not an ARMSTRONG NUMBER.");
}

OUTPUT :

ALGORITHMS :-

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Input variable (n, or, length, rem, sum)

Step 3: Check n > 0, if n < 0 go to Step 5

Step 4: Now length++ and n=n/10, then go to Step 3

Step 5: Initialize n = or

Step 6: Check n > 0,if n < 0 go to Step 8

Step 7: Now rem = n % 10, sum = sum + pow ( rem , length ), n = n / 10

Step 8: Check if ( sum == or ), if false go to Step 10

Step 9: Print ARMSTRONG NUMBER

Step 10: Print NOT ARMSTRONG NUMBER

Step 11: End

CSPIT(CE) Page 18
FLOW CHART :-

Start

Input variable (n ,or

,length ,rem ,sum)

n>0
True False

Length++;
n = or;
n = n/10

n>0

True False

rem = n % 10
sum = sum + pow ( rem , length )
n = n / 10

ARMSTRO True False NOT

NG If(sum==o
False ARMSTRON
NUMBER r))
G NUMBER

End

CSPIT(CE) Page 19
 PRACTICAL 12
Write a menu driven program which has following options:
1. Prime or not
2. Perfect number or not
3. Factorial of a number
4. Exit

Use do...while statement so that the menu is displayed at least once. Also use Switch
statement.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void main()

{
int choice;
inti,n,flag=0,sum=0,f=1;

do
{
printf("Enter 1 for PRIME \nEnter 2 for PERFECT \nEnter 3 for FACTORIAL \nEnter 4 for EXIT");
printf("\nEnter the choice: ");
scanf("%d",&choice);

switch(choice)
{
case 1:
{ printf("Enter the value of n: ");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=2;i<n;i++)
{
if((n%i)==0)
{
flag=1;

CSPIT(CE) Page 20
break;
}
}
if(flag==0)
printf("Number is Prime.");
else
printf("Number is not Prime.");
}
break;

case 2:
{ inti,n,sum=0;
printf("Enter the value of n: ");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
if((n%i)==0)
{
sum=sum+i;
}
}

if(sum==n)
{
printf("The number is a PERFECT number.");
}
else
{
printf("The number is not a PERFECT number.");
}
}
break;

case 3:
{ inti,n,f=1;
printf("Enter the value of n: ");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1,f=1;i<=n;i++)
{
f=f*i;

CSPIT(CE) Page 21
 }

printf("Factorial of %d is %d.",n,f);
}
break;

case 4:
exit(0);
break;

default:
printf("Please enter valid input");
break;
}
}while(1);
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 22
 PRACTICAL 13

Write a program to print the following pattern using Nested for loop.

(i) 1
1 0
1 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
int main()

{
inti,n,j;

printf("Enter the value of n: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
if(j%2==1)
{
printf("1 ");
}
else
{
printf("0 ");
}
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

CSPIT(CE) Page 23
Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 24
(ii)
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
int main()

{
inti,j,k,n,s;

printf("Enter the value of n: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(k=1;k<=(n-i);k++)
{
printf(" ");
}
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%d ",j);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

CSPIT(CE) Page 25
Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 26
(iii) 1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
3 4 5
4 5
5

INPUT

#include<stdio.h>
int main()

{
inti,j,n;

printf("Enter the value of n: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=i;j<=n;j++)
{
printf("%d ",j);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 27
(iv) A B C D E
1 2 3 4
A B C
1 2
A

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
int main()

{
inti,j,n,k,num=1;
charch=65;

printf("Enter the value of n: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

j=k;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(k=1;k<i;k++)
{
printf(" ");
}

if(k%2==0)

CSPIT(CE) Page 28
 {
for(j=i;j<=n;j++)
{
printf("%d ",num);
num++;
}
num=1;
}
else
{
for(j=i;j<=n;j++)
{
printf("%c ",ch);
ch++;
}
ch=65;
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 29
(v) 1
1 2 1
1 2 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 3 2 1

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
int main()

{
inti,j,k,n,s;

printf("Enter the value of n: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(k=1;k<=(n-i);k++)
{
printf(" ");
}
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%d ",j);
}
for(s=i-1;s>=1;s--)

CSPIT(CE) Page 30
 {
printf("%d ",s);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 31
 PRACTICAL 14

Write a program for a match-stick game between the computer and a user. Your Program
should ensure that the computer always wins. Rules for the games are as follows:

There are 21 match-sticks.

The computer asks the player to pick 1, 2, 3, or 4 match-sticks.
After the person picks, the computer does its picking.
Whoever is forced to pick up the last match-stick loses the game.

Use while loop, break and Continue Statements.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
int main()

{
int m=21,p,c;

while(1)
{
printf("\nNo of Matches left = %d \n",m);
printf("\nPick up 1,2,3 or 4 Matches\n");
scanf("%d",&p);

if(p>4||p<1)
{
continue;
}
m=m-p;
printf("\nNo of Matches left = %d \n",m);

c=5-p;
printf("\nOut of which computer picked up %d",c);

m=m-c;
if(m==1)
{

CSPIT(CE) Page 32
printf("\n No of Matches left = %d \n",m);
printf("\n You lost the game");
break;
}
}
return 0;
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 33
 Knowledge Required: Arrays & Strings

PRACTICAL 15

Write a program to sort elements of an array in ascending order

using Bubble Sort.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 5
void bubble_sort(int a[]);

int main(void)
{
int a[MAX];

for(int i=0; i<MAX; i++)

{
printf("a[%d]=",i);
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
}
printf("\nUnsorted array: \n");

for(int i=0; i<MAX; i++)

{
printf("%d ", a[i]);
}

bubble_sort(a);

printf("\n\nSorted array: \n");

for(int i = 0; i < MAX; i++)

{
printf("%d ", a[i]);
}

CSPIT(CE) Page 34
 return 0;
}
void bubble_sort(int a[])
{
int t,x;

for(int i = 0; i < MAX; i++)

{

x = 0; // here x is for swaping //

for(int j = 0; j < MAX - 1 - i; j++)

{
if(a[j] > a[j+1])
{

t = a[j];
a[j] = a[j+1];
a[j+1] = t;

x = 1;
}
}
if (!x)
{
break;
}
}
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 35
 PRACTICAL 16

Write a Program to multiply any two 3*3 Matrices.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
int a[10][10], b[10][10], c[10][10], i, j, k;
int sum = 0;

printf("\nEnter First Matrix : n");

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
}
}

printf("\nEnter Second Matrix:n");

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
scanf("%d", &b[i][j]);
}
}

printf("The First Matrix is: \n");

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
printf(" %d ", a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");

CSPIT(CE) Page 36
 }

printf("The Second Matrix is : \n");

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
printf(" %d ", b[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}

for (i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<3;j++)
{

for (k=0;k<=2;k++)

{
sum = sum + a[i][k] * b[k][j];
}
c[i][j] = sum;
}
}

printf("\n multiplication Of Two Matrices : \n");

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
printf(" %d ", c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");

CSPIT(CE) Page 37
Output :-

CONCLUSION:

This program I learn matrix printing and multiplicatio

CSPIT(CE) Page 38
 PRACTICAL 17

Write a program to find whether two given strings are permutations of each
other. A string str1 is a permutation of str2 if all the characters in str1 appear
the same number of times in str2 and str2 is of the same length as str1. For
example if two strings are listen and silent the answer is Yes.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
int n1,n2,i,j=0,flag,k;
char str1[50],str2[50],temp;
clrscr();
flushall();
printf("\n\t\t\t\tPractical 21");
printf("\nEnter string 1 : ");
gets(str1);
printf("\nEnter string 2 : ");
gets(str2);
n1=strlen(str1);
n2=strlen(str2);
if(n1==n2)
{
for(i=0;i<n1-1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n1-i-1;j++)
{
if(str1[j]>str1[j+1])
{
temp=str1[j];
str1[j]=str1[j+1];
str1[j+1]=temp;
}
}
}

CSPIT(CE) Page 39
for(i=0;i<n2-1;i++)

{
for(j=0;j<n2-i-1;j++)
{
if(str2[j]>str2[j+1])
{
temp=str2[j];
str2[j]=str2[j+1];
str2[j+1]=temp;
}
}
}
for(k=0;k<n1;k++)
{
if(str1[k]==str2[k])
{
flag=1;

}
Else
{
flag=0;
}
}

if(flag==1)
printf("\nThey are permutations");

else
printf("\nThey are not permutations");
}
else
{
printf("\nThe strings are not permutations of each other.");
}
printf(“\n\t\t\t\t\tMade By : Jay Pandya”);
}
}

CSPIT(CE) Page 40
Output :-

CONCLUSION:

string str1 is a permutation of str2 if all the characters in str1 appear the same number of times in
str2 and str2 is of the same length as str1.

CSPIT(CE) Page 41
 PRACTICAL 18

Write a program that would sort a list of names of fruits in

alphabetical order. For example, 5 names Orange, Pineapple,
Grapes, Banana, Mango should sort the names as follows:
Banana Grapes Mango Orange Pineapple

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
int i,j,count;
char str[25][25],temp[25];
printf("Enter number of strings:");
scanf("%d",&count);

printf("Enter strings one by one\n");

for(i=0;i<=count;i++)
{
gets(str[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<=count;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<=count;j++)
{
if(strcmp(str[i],str[j])>0)
{
strcpy(temp,str[i]);
strcpy(str[i],str[j]);
strcpy(str[j],temp);
}
}
}
printf("order of sorted strings:");
for(i=0;i<=count;i++)
{

CSPIT(CE) Page 42
 puts(str[i]);
}
return 0;
}

Output :-

CONCLUSION:

sort a list of names of fruits in alphabetical order .

CSPIT(CE) Page 43
 Knowledge Required: User-Defined Functions, Structures & Union

PRACTICAL 19

Write a Program to print the table of Squares and Cubes of 1 to 10. The
Program uses the following four Function: Functions Category printline():
draws the line using ‘ - ’ character. Function with No Arguments, No return
type printnum() : prints number, square and cube. Function with Arguments
,No Return type square() : computes square of a number. Function with
Arguments, with Return Type cube() : computes cube of a number. Function
with Arguments, with Return Type

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
void printline(void);
void printnum(int);
int square(int);
int cube(int);
main()
{
int n;
printline();
printf("NUMBER | SQUARE | CUBE |");
printf("\n");
printline();
for(n=1;n<=10;n++)
{

square(n);
cube(n);
printnum(n);
}
printline();
}
void printline(void)
{

CSPIT(CE) Page 44
 int i;
for(i=1;i<=25;i++)
{
printf("-");
}
printf("\n");
}
void printnum(n)
{
printf("%d \t| %d \t| %d \t| \n",n,square(n),cube(n));
}
int square(int n)
{
int sqr;
sqr=n*n;
return sqr;
}
int cube(int n)
{
int cube;
cube=(n*n)*n;
return cube;
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 45
 PRACTICAL 20

Write a program to pass a number entered through keyboard as an

argument to user-defined functions and find the factors of a number
and check whether the factors are prime or not using Nested
Functions.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
void factor(int);
void prime(int);
main()
{
int n;
printf("enter the value of n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

factor(n);

}
void factor(int a)
{
int i;

for(i=1;i<a;i++)
{
if(a%i==0)
{
printf("factor is %d\n",i);
prime(i);
}
}
}

void prime(int a)

CSPIT(CE) Page 46
{

if(a%2!=0)
{
printf("prime num is %d\n",a);
}
else
{
printf("enter num %d is not prime \n",a);
}
}

Output :-

CONCLUSION:

find the factors of a number and check whether the factors are prime or
not.

CSPIT(CE) Page 47
 PRACTICAL 21

Write a program to generate Fibonacci series using Recursive

Function. In a Fibonacci sequence the sum of two successive terms
gives the third term. 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 ….

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
int fibo(int n);
void main()
{
int n,i=0,c;
printf("enter value of number:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(c=0;c<n;c++)
{
printf("%d\n",fibo(i));
i++;
}
}
int fibo(int n)
{
if(n==0)
return 0;
if(n==1)
return 1;

return(fibo(n-1)+fibo(n-2));
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 48
 PRACTICAL 22

Write a Program to compute the standard Deviation of N Numbers using Arrays & Function. Use
pow() and sqrt() function of maths.h header file.

For example suppose we have following numbers:

9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, 8, 9
To calculate the standard deviation 𝝈 of these numbers:
1. First find out the simple average of the numbers which is also known as mean and is denoted by
𝑥̅. There are 8 numbers so the average would be 𝑥̅ = (9+2+5+4+12+7+8+9)/8 = 7 2. Then for each
number: subtract the Mean and square the result
(9 – 7)2 = (2)2 = 4 (2 – 7)2 = (-5)2 = 25 (5 - 7)2 = (-2)2 = 4 (4 - 7)2 = (-3)2 = 9 (12 - 7)2 = (5)2 = 25 (7 -
7)2 = (0)2 = 0 (8 - 7)2 = (1)2 = 1 (9 - 7)2 = (2)2 = 4

Prepared by: Mayuri Popat, Khushi Patel

3. Then calculate average of those squared differences.
Average of squared difference = (4+25+4+9+25+0+1+4)/8 = 9
4. Take the square root of that and we are done!
𝝈 = √𝟗 = 𝟑

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>

float mean(float[],int);
void store(float[],int);
void sub_square(float[],int,float);

void main()
{
int i,n;
float a[50],b[50],meanval,dev;

printf("\nEnter no. of elements : ");

CSPIT(CE) Page 49
 scanf("%d",&n);
store(a,n);

meanval=mean(a,n);
printf("\n\nThe mean is : %f",meanval);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
b[i]=a[i];
}

sub_square(b,n,meanval);

dev=sqrt(mean(b,n));
printf("\nThe value of standard deviation is : %2f",dev);
printf("\n\n\t\t\t\t\tMade By : Jay Pandya");

}
float mean(float c[],int n)
{
int i;
float sum=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
sum=sum+c[i];
}
return (sum/n);
}
void store(float a[],int n)
{
int i,sum=0;
printf("\nEnter the elements : ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%f",&a[i]);
}
}
void sub_square(float c[],int n,float val)
{
int i=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{

CSPIT(CE) Page 50
 c[i]=c[i]-val;
c[i]=c[i]*c[i];
}
}
Output :-

CONCLUSION:

To calculate the standard deviation 𝝈 of these numbers.

CSPIT(CE) Page 51
 PRACTICAL 23

Write a Program to reverse a string using Recursive Function and

check whether it is palindrome or not.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
{
char str[20];

printf("Enter string: ");

gets(str);
if(ispalndrome(str))
{
printf("palndrome");
}
else
{
printf("not a palndrome");
}
}
int ispalndrome(char s[])
{
int i,l;
l=strlen(s);
for(i=0;i<l/2;i++)
{
if(s[i]!=s[l-1-i])
return 0;
}
return 1;
}

CSPIT(CE) Page 52
Output :-

CONCLUION:

reverse a string using Recursive Function and check whether it is palindrome or not.

CSPIT(CE) Page 53
 PRACTICAL 24

Write a Program to find the upper triangle in the given matrix. Consider the following 4 x
4 Matrix.
If all the elements denoted by X are non-zero, then the matrix has upper triangle. For the
upper triangle, all the elements of principle diagonal and above must be non – zero. Pass
two dimensional arrays to the function.
XXXX
0 XXX
0 0 XX
0 0 0 X

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int m[4][4],i,flag,j;

printf("Enter the 4*4 Matrix: \n");

for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
{
printf("Enter the value of element m[%d][%d]",i+1,j+1);
scanf("%d",&m[i][j]);
}
}
printf("enter the matrix is:");
printf("\n");
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
{
printf("%d",m[i][j]);
printf(" ");
}
printf("\n");

CSPIT(CE) Page 54
 }
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
{
if(m[i][j]==0)
{
flag=0;
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
if(m[i][j]!=0)
{
flag=0;
}
}
}
if(flag==0)
{
printf("Given matrix is not upper triangular.");
}
else
{
printf("Given matrix is upper triangular.");
}
}

CSPIT(CE) Page 55
Output :-

CONCLUSION:

find the upper triangle in the given matrix

CSPIT(CE) Page 56
 PRACTICAL 25(1)

Create a Structure called library to hold accession number, title of the book, author name,
price of the book and flag indicating whether the book is issued or not. (flag = 1 if the book
is issued, flag = 0 otherwise). Write a program to enter data of one book and display the
data. Write this same program with Union also.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
struct library
{
int acc_no;
char tittle[20];
char author_name[20];
int book_price;
int flag;
}s[3];

int main()
{
int i;

printf("enter book name: ");

printf("\nacc no,\ntittle,\nauthor name,\nbook price,\nflag");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&s[i].acc_no);
fflush(stdin);
gets(s[i].tittle);
fflush(stdin);
gets(s[i].author_name);
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d",&s[i].book_price);
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d",&s[i].flag);
fflush(stdin);
}
printf("enter book detailes: ");

CSPIT(CE) Page 57
 for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
printf("%d\n",s[i].acc_no);
printf("\n");
puts(s[i].tittle);
printf("\n");
puts(s[i].author_name);
printf("\n");
printf("%d\n",s[i].book_price);
if(s[i].flag==1)
{
printf("your book is issued");

}
else
{
printf("your book is not issued");
}

}
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 58
 PRACTICAL 25(2)

Create a Structure called library to hold accession number, title of the book, author name,
price of the book and flag indicating whether the book is issued or not. (flag = 1 if the book
is issued, flag = 0 otherwise). Write a program to enter data of one book and display the
data. Write this same program with Union also.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
union library
{
int acc_no;
char tittle[20];
char author_name[20];
int book_price;
int flag;
}s[3];

int main()
{
int i;

printf("enter book name: ");

printf("\nacc no,\ntittle,\nauthor name,\nbook price,\nflag");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&s[i].acc_no);
fflush(stdin);
gets(s[i].tittle);
fflush(stdin);
gets(s[i].author_name);
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d",&s[i].book_price);
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d",&s[i].flag);
fflush(stdin);
}
printf("enter book detailes: ");

CSPIT(CE) Page 59
 for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
printf("%d\n",s[i].acc_no);
printf("\n");
puts(s[i].tittle);
printf("\n");
puts(s[i].author_name);
printf("\n");
printf("%d\n",s[i].book_price);
if(s[i].flag==1)
{
printf("your book is issued");

}
else
{
printf("your book is not issued");
}

}
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 60
 PRACTICAL 26

Define a structure called Result for students. Structure will have members
like Roll number, marks for three subjects and total of three subjects. Write a
program to enter data for 5 students and display the merit list of students. Use
Array of Structures. For example, if Roll No and marks of three subjects of
each student are entered through the keyboard, the output should look like
the following:

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
struct student
{
int r;
int s1;
int s2;
int s3;
int total;

}a[50],temp[50];
void main()
{
int n,i,j;
printf("Enter number of students:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("enter roll num of student:");
scanf("%d",&a[i].r);

printf("Enter sub 1 markes:");

scanf("%d",&a[i].s1);

printf("Enter sub 2 markes:");

scanf("%d",&a[i].s2);

printf("Enter sub 3 markes:");

CSPIT(CE) Page 61
 scanf("%d",&a[i].s3);

a[i].total=a[i].s1+a[i].s2+a[i].s3;
}
printf("\n \n MERIT LIST -->\n \n");
printf("Roll no Sub 1 Sub 2 Sub 3 Total\n");

for(j=0;j<n-1;j++)
{
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
if(a[i].total<a[i+1].total)
{
temp[i]=a[i];
a[i]=a[i+1];
a[i+1]=temp[i];
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%7d",a[i].r);
printf("%8d",a[i].s1);
printf("%9d",a[i].s2);
printf("%10d",a[i].s3);
printf("%11d",a[i].total);
printf("\n");
}
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 62
 PRACTICAL 27

Write a program to read and display information of salary of an employee

using Structure within a Structure. Outer structure contains members like
name of employee, designation, department name, basic pay and inner
structure contains dearness allowance, house_rent allowance and
city_allowance. Calculate the total salary of one employee

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
struct outer
{
char emp_name[20];
char emp_designation[20];
char dep_name[20];
int basicpay;

struct inner_product
{
int dA;
int hRA;
int City_A;
}i;

}o;
int main()
{
int t;
printf("enter an employ name,\ndesignation,\ndepartment name,\nbasic payment");
gets(o.emp_name);
fflush(stdin);
gets(o.emp_designation);
fflush(stdin);
gets(o.dep_name);
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d",&o.basicpay);

CSPIT(CE) Page 63
 fflush(stdin);

printf("Enter dearness allownce,\nhouse rent allowance,\ncity_allownce");

scanf("%d",&o.i.dA);
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d",&o.i.hRA);
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d",&o.i.City_A);
fflush(stdin);
t=o.i.dA+o.i.hRA+o.i.City_A+o.basicpay;
printf("%d",t);
return 0;
}

Output :-

Conclusion:

program to read and display information of salary of an employee using Structure within a
Structure.

CSPIT(CE) Page 64
 PRACTICAL 28

Define a structure named Date that contains three member’s day, month and
Year. Write a program that compares two given dates. If the dates are equal,
then display message as “Equal” otherwise “Unequal”. Write a function
Check_Date to check whether the entered .

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

struct Date { int day; int month; int year; };

void Check_Date(struct Date D1)

{
if(D1.month<1 || D1.month>12)
{
printf("\nInvalid Date");
printf(“\n\t\t\t\t\tMade by : Jay Pandya”);
getch();
exit(0);

}
else if(D1.day<1 || D1.day>31)
{
printf("\nInvalid Date");
printf(“\n\t\t\t\t\tMade by : Jay Pandya”);
getch();
exit(0);
}
else if(D1.year<1000 || D1.year>9999)
{
printf("\nInvalid Date");
printf(“\n\t\t\t\t\tMade by : Jay Pandya”);
getch();
exit(0);
}
}
void main()
{
struct Date D1,D2;

CSPIT(CE) Page 65
 clrscr();
printf("\n\t\t\t\tPractical 34\n\n");
printf("\nEnter date 1 : \n");
printf("\nEnter Day : ");
scanf("%d",&D1.day);
printf("\nEnter Month : ");
scanf("%d",&D1.month);
printf("\nEnter Year : ");
scanf("%d",&D1.year);
printf("\n%d/%d/%d",D1.day,D1.month,D1.year);
Check_Date(D1);
printf("\nThe entered date 1 is valid \n\n");
printf("\nEnter date 2 : \n");
printf("\nEnter Day : ");
scanf("%d",&D2.day);
printf("\nEnter Month : ");
scanf("%d",&D2.month);
printf("\nEnter Year : ");
scanf("%d",&D2.year);
Check_Date(D2);
printf("\nThe entered date 2 is valid \n\n");

if(D1.year==D2.year && D1.day==D2.day)

{
if(D1.month==D2.month)
printf("\nThe entered dates are equal");
}
Else
printf("\nThe entered dates are not equal");
printf(“\n\t\t\t\t\tMade by : Jay Pandya”);
getch();
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 66
 Knowledge Required: Pointers, File Management, Dynamic Memory
Allocation

PRACTICAL 29

Write a program to read the marks of 10 students for the subject CE141
Computer concepts and Programming and computes the number of students
in categories FAIL, PASS, FIRST CLASS and DISTINCTION using Pointers
and Arrays. Marks Categories 70 or Above DISTINCTION 69 to 60 FIRST
CLASS 59 to 40 PASS Below 40 FAIL For example, if following marks of 10
students are entered: 34 56 78 98 12 31 67 75 91 23 Then the output
should be DISTINCTION 4 FIRST CLASS 1 PASS 1 FAIL 4

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[100],i,n,d=0,fc=0,pass=0,f=0;
int *p;

printf("Enter student num:");

scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=0,p=&a;i<n;i++,p++)
{
printf("\nEnter marks of student num %d:",i+1);
scanf("%d",p);
}
for(i=0,p=&a;i<n;i++,p++)
{
if(*p>=70)
{
d++;
}
else if(*p<=69 && *p>=60)

CSPIT(CE) Page 67
 {
fc++;
}
else if(*p<=59 && *p>=40)
{
pass++;
}
else
{
f++;
}
}
printf("\nDistinction=%d \nFirst class=%d \npass=%d \nFail=%d",d,fc,pass,f);
}

Output :-

Conclusion:

a program to read the marks of 10 students for the subject.

CSPIT(CE) Page 68
 PRACTICAL 30

Write a program to concatenate two string using pointer.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
char a[1000], b[1000];

printf("Enter the first string\n");

gets(a);

printf("Enter the second string\n");

gets(b);

strcat(a, b);

printf("String obtained on concatenation: %s\n", a);

return 0;
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 69
 PRACTICAL 31

Write a program that counts the number of ‘e’ in the following array of
pointers to strings. (Array of Pointers)

char *s[ ] = { "We will teach you how to...", "Move a mountain", "Level a
building", "erase the past", "Make a million", "...all through C!" } ;

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char *s[ ] = { "We will teach you how to...", "Move a mountain", "Level a building", "erase the
past", "Make a million", "...all through C!" } ;
char *p;
int cnt=0,i;

for(i=0,p=s[i];*p;p++,i++)
{
if(*p=='e');
{
cnt++;
}
}
printf("number of letters are %d",cnt);
}

Output :-

Conclusion:
program that counts the number of ‘e’ in the following array of pointers to strings.
(Array of Pointers)

CSPIT(CE) Page 70
 PRACTICAL 32(1)

Write a program to swap two values using function and illustrate the
difference between call by value and call by address. (Pointers as Function
Arguments)

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include <stdio.h>

void swap(int, int);

int main()
{
int x, y;

printf(“Enter the value of x and y\n”);

scanf(“%d%d”,&x,&y);

printf(“Before Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n”, x, y);

swap(x, y);

printf(“After Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n”, x, y);

return 0;
}

void swap(int a, int b)

{
int temp;

temp = b;
b = a;
a = temp;
printf(“Values of a and b is %d %d\n”,a,b);
}

CSPIT(CE) Page 71
Output :-

Conclusion:

swap two values using function and illustrate the difference between call
by value and call by address.

CSPIT(CE) Page 72
 PRATICAL-32(2)

Write a program to swap two values using function and illustrate the
difference between call by value and call by address. (Pointers as Function
Arguments)

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include <stdio.h>

void swap(int*, int*);

int main()
{
int x, y;

printf("Enter the value of x and y\n");

scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);

printf("Before Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);

swap(&x, &y);

printf("After Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);

return 0;
}

void swap(int *a, int *b)

{
int temp;

temp = *b;
*b = *a;
*a = temp;
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 73
Parameters Call by value Call by reference

Arguments In this method, a copy of the In this method, a

variable is passed. Variable is
passed it
it self

Value Original value not modified. The original

value is
modification modified.

Alteration of value Does not allow you to make any Allows you to
make
changes in the actual variables. Changes in the
value
of variables

Passing of variable Values of variables are passed Pointer variables

are
Using a straightforward method. Required to
store
the add of variable

CSPIT(CE) Page 74
 PRACTICAL-33

Write output for the following program

1. (Pointers to Functions)

Software required :- Codeblocks

#include<stdio.h>
void display();
int main()
{
void (*func_ptr)();
func_ptr=display;
printf("Address of functions display is %u\n",func_ptr);
(*func_ptr)();
return 0;
}
void display()
{
puts("By helping others, we help overselves!!");
}

2. (Functions Returning Pointers)

char *copy (char*,char *);

int main()
{
char *str;
char source[] = "Kindness";
char target[10];
str=copy(target,source);
printf("%s\n",str); return 0;
}
char *copy(char *t,char *s)
{
char * r;

CSPIT(CE) Page 75
r = t;
while(*s!='\0')
{ *t=*s;
t++;
s++;
}
*t='\0';
return(r);
}

3. GATE CS 2019

#include<stdio.h>
int r()
{
int static num=7;
return num--;
}
int main()
{
for(r();r();r())
{
printf("%d ",r());
};
return 0;
}

Output :-

(1)

CSPIT(CE) Page 76
(2)

(3)

CONCLUSION:

USE POINTER TO OF FUNCTION.

CSPIT(CE) Page 77
 PRACTICAL-34

Create a structure engine_parts having serial number starting from AA0 to

FF9, year of manufacturing and quantity manufactured as data members.
Write a program which takes input of 3 engine parts using pointer to
structure and display information using pointer to structure. (Pointers &
Structures).

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
struct engine_parts
{
char sno[4];
int year;
int qnt;
}p[5],*ptr;
void main()
{
int i;
ptr=p;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
printf("enter serial num:");
gets(ptr->sno);
fflush(stdin);
printf("\n enter year of manufacturing:");
scanf("%d",&ptr->year);
fflush(stdin);
printf("\n Enter quantity of manufacturing:");
scanf("%d",&ptr->qnt);
fflush(stdin);
printf("\n");
ptr++;
}
ptr=&p[0];
printf("\n parts of info. \n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{

CSPIT(CE) Page 78
 printf("\n serial num=%s\n",ptr->sno);
printf("\n manufacturing year=%d\n",ptr->year);
printf("\n manufacturing quantity=%d\n",ptr->qnt);
ptr++;
printf("\n");
}
}

Output :-

CONCLUSION:

to swap two values using function and illustrate the difference between call by
value and call by address.

CSPIT(CE) Page 79
 PRACTICAL-35

Write a Program to read data from the keyboard. Write it to the file called
input.txt and again read the same data from the input.txt file, copy the
contents of input.txt to output.txt file and display the contents on the output
screen. Use fopen(), fclose(), getc() and putc() , ferror() and feof() functions.
Also use NULL pointer for Invalid file name.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *f1,*f2,*f3,*f4;
char c;
char ch;
char fn[20];
printf("Input data:");
f1=fopen("input.txt","w");
while((c=getchar())!=EOF)
{
putc(c,f1);
}
fclose(f1);
printf("Output data:");
f1=fopen("input.txt","r");
f2=fopen("output.txt","w");
while((c=getc(f1))!=EOF)
{
putc(c,f2);
printf("%c",c);
}
fclose(f1);
fclose(f2);
openf:
printf("enter file name:");
gets(fn);
if((f3=fopen(fn,"r"))==NULL)
{

CSPIT(CE) Page 80
 printf("can not open this file\n");
printf("Try again\n");
goto openf;
}
F4=fopen("f4.txt","w");
ch=getc(f4);
if(ferror(f4))
printf("error in reading file\n");
while(ch=getc(f1))
{
if(feof(f3))
{
printf("\n end of file\n");
break;
}
else
{
putc(ch,f4);
printf("%c",ch);
}

}
fclose(f3);
fclose(f4);
}

Output :-

CONCLUSION:
Program to read data from the keyboard. Write it to the file called input.txt and
again read the same data from the input

CSPIT(CE) Page 81
 PRACTICAL-36

Write a C program that illustrates how to write into a file using putw()
function and how to read the same file using getw() function.Use fopen(),
fclose(), getw() and putw() functions.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *f;
int n,num,i;
f=fopen("abc.txt","w");
printf("\n Enter n= ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n enter number %d" ,i+1);
scanf("%d",&num);
putw(num,f);
}
fclose(f);
f=fopen("abc.txt","r");
printf("\n data of abc file:\n");
while((num=getw(f))!=EOF)
{
printf("%d\n",num);
}
fclose(f);
}

CSPIT(CE) Page 82
Output :-

CONCLUSION:

program that illustrates how to write into a file using putw() function and how to
read the same file using getw() function.Use fopen(), fclose(), getw() and putw()
functions.

CSPIT(CE) Page 83
 PRACTICAL-37

Write a program to print last n characters of a file. Use the function fopen(),
fclose(), ftell(), fseek() and rewind().

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;
long int n,m;
fp=fopen("input.txt","r");
if(fp==NULL)
printf("file can not be open");
else
{
printf("enter value of n to read lats n char:");
scanf("%1d",&n);
fseek(fp,-n,2);
m=ftell(fp);
printf("\n file pointer location is %1d\n",m);
while((ch=getc(fp))!=EOF)
{
printf("%c",ch);
}
m=ftell(fp);
printf("\n current file pointer position: %1d",m);

}
rewind(fp);
m=ftell(fp);
printf("\n After rewind file pointer position:%1d",m);
fclose(fp);
}

CSPIT(CE) Page 84
Output :-

CONCLUSION:

program to print last n characters of a file.

CSPIT(CE) Page 85
 PRACTICAL-38

Write a program to illustrate the use of functions fscanf() and fprintf().

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char s[20];
int t;
fp=fopen("xyz.txt","w");
printf("enter string and num:");

fscanf(stdin,"%s %d",s,&t);
fprintf(fp,"%s %d",s,t);
fclose(fp);

fp=fopen("xyz.txt","r");
fscanf(fp,"%s %d",s, &t);
fprintf(stdout,"%s %d\n",s,t);
fclose(fp);
}

Output :-

CONCLUSION:
program to illustrate the use of functions fscanf() and fprintf().

CSPIT(CE) Page 86
 PRACTICAL-39

Two files Data1.txt and Data2.txt contains list of integers. Write a program to
produce file Data3.txt which holds as merged list of these two list. Use
command line argument to specify the file name.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
FILE *f, *f1, *f2;
int i;
int a[20], b[10];
clrscr();

printf("\nMain function takes %d no. of arguments.",argc);

f1=fopen("Data1.txt", "r");
f2=fopen("AA.txt", "r");
f=fopen(argv[1], "w");

printf("Contents of file Data1 are : \n");

for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
fscanf(f1,"%d", &a[i]);
fscanf(f2,"%d", &b[i]);
printf("%d \t",a[i]);
}
printf("Contents of file Data2 are : \n");
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
printf("%d\t",b[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
fprintf(f,"%d\t",a[i]);
fprintf(f,"%d\t",b[i]);
}

CSPIT(CE) Page 87
fclose(f1);
fclose(f2);
fclose(f);

f = fopen(argv[1],"r");

printf("Merged sorted list in file %s are : \n",argv[1]);

for(i=0;i<20;i++)
{
fscanf(f,"%d",&a[i]);
printf("%d\t",a[i]);
}

fcloseall();
getch();
}

Output :-

CONCLUSION:

Two files Data1.txt and Data2.txt contains list of integers.

CSPIT(CE) Page 88
 PRACTICAL-40

Write a program to enter N numbers into array and find average. Enter the
size of the array through keyboard. (Dynamic Array). Use malloc () to allocate
memory and use free() to free the memory after the use.

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int *p;
float *avg;
int i,n;
printf("\nEnter size of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n);

p=(int *)calloc(n,sizeof(int));
avg=(float *)malloc(sizeof(float));
*avg=0;

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\nEnter the number %d: ",i+1);
scanf("%d",p);
*avg=*avg+*p; p++;
}
*avg=*avg/n;
printf("\n Average =%f",*avg);
free(p);
free(avg);
getch();
}

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 89
CONCLUSION:

program to enter N numbers into array and find average. Enter the size of the array
through keyboard.

CSPIT(CE) Page 90
 PRACTICAL 41

Write a program to store a character string in a block of memory space

created by calloc () and then modify the same to store a larger string using
realloc () function. (Dynamic Array).

Software required :- Codeblocks

INPUT :-

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char *a;

a=(char *)calloc(10,sizeof(char));
printf("\nEnter a string: ");
scanf("%s",a);
a=(char *)realloc(a,20*sizeof(char));
printf("\nString after reallocation of memory for array: ");
puts(a);
free(a);
getch();

Output :-

CSPIT(CE) Page 91