so0z—ssiz sv AS 2158-2009 (incorporating Amendment No.1) Australian Standard® Piling—Design and installation‘The Auta Stara wan prepared by Contos CEO'8, Png. ae approved on bata fhe Count of Stra Aaa on 19 uns 2008 “The Standard was publsed on 4 Noverber 2003. “Tho folowing eo reprocered on Carte CE: 918: ‘sala Bulking Codes Boos >ustalan Gacratrence Sooty usTRCADS. Concrete te of stata ngewe Aucala orash Uniorey Ping and FoundonSpecats Festi Uneraty of Say “Tha Stand was nse nat fr for coment OF 09160. Standards Ausala wisos to ackroniodge the parti oho exper int contd the degen of hi Stars Mvough Pa epresetaon ce the (Carmitco sed tough publ covenant pares. ooping Standards up-to-dete ‘Aslan Stra ae rg docuronts hat eet progress neceneo tection fytore. To marta te cumerey, al Standard re posal tvawed ard van ees ‘Be punted Gatwoe ers, arenas maj bose, ‘Stands ay obo whan. t's erat tha reader assur hams thy ao eng a curert Staci, uric shod dey render at ay Fave baat ‘bled soe he Standard wes pb Det inematon abou Ausbaan Standace, das, anendents ad new pee an bovourdby wg wow standards oma Standa Ausra waoones suggestions for reread ercoragy ead to ‘oly ce revadatay ot ary separ raccuaces or aegis. Conact us a saa ‘malsanderds.og.au, or we fo Sanaa Atala, GPO Bor 470, yey NSW 2001AS 215¢—2009 (tneorporateg Amendment No.1) Australian Standard® Piling—Design and installation fond ong 20078. aud rng Amenarent No 1 (Ober 2010, ‘Ape ae reaared, No pat ofthe werk mye produces iin any fm byPREFACE ‘This Standard was prepared by the Standards Austalia Committee CE-018, Piling, to supersede AS 2159-1995, This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (October 2010). The changes reyuired by the Amendment are indicated in the text by @ marginal bar and amendment number against the clause, note, table, fgure or part thereof affected. ‘The objective ofthis Standard is 0 provide requirements for design and installation of piles for supporting structures. The object of this revision isto align with vpdated [AS 1170 Standards and reflect changes in practice since the provious edition Major changes to the previous edition areas follows: (@) Revision ofthe overall Standard (©) Revision of the setting of strength reduction factors, that is, the seletion of the safety" level appropriate tothe installation being designed (©) Revision ofthe negative skin friction requirements (@) Revision of durability requirements to assist designers to achieve predicted lie (©) Include requirements for newer pile types and installation methods including steel screw piles, jacking, serewing and screwed east in place (© Requicement for some testing tobe ‘normative’ (@) Inclusion of new types of test including rapid pile testing The terms “normative” and “informative” have been used in this Standard 10 define che pplication of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative appendix isan integral part ‘fa Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is oly for information and guidance. Statements expressed in mandatory terms in notes to tables are deemed to be requirements ofthis Standard, Notes to the text contain information and guidance and are not considered to be an integral part ofthe StandardCONTENTS Page FOREWORD. 5 SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL. LL SCOPE vss 6 12 NORMATIVE REFERENCES, 6 13 DEFINITIONS 7 14 NOTATION io LS CLASSIFICATION OF PILES, 5 SECTION 2_ SITE INVESTIGATION 2.1 GENERAL 7 pea attr 22 INFORMATION REQUIRED. 5 SECTION 3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURI 3.1 OBJECTIVE OF PILE DESIGN wesonsnnnsnsnsnnsnnnntnnnnennss 16 32 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 16 33 ACTIONS AND COMBINATIONS FOR STRENGTH AND SERVICEAEILITY 20 43. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL STRENGTH DESIGN 21 44 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR STRENGTH, 0 snes 413 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN FOR SERVICEABILITY, i stan 46 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR SERVICEABILITY, » SECTION 5 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 511 SCOPE OF SECTION Brae 32 33. CONCRETE AND GROUT PILES. etree 54. STEEL PIL 36 53 COMPOSITE STEEL AND CONCRETE PILES. 1.00 S36 56 TIMBER PILES 37 SECTION 6 DURABILITY DESIGN 61 GENERAL snes sn 38 62. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DURABILITY DESIGN, 38 63 ACID SULFATE SOILS aebeiemmanie 64 DESIGN FOR DURABILITY OF CONCRETE PILES . 39 65 DESIGN FOR DURABILITY OF STEEL PILES. eect ea 6 DESIGN FOR DURABILITY OF TIMBER PILES, 45 SECTION 7 MatERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS TA GENERAL ses a 72, TOLERANCES AND DEFEC aPage 73. DISPLACEMENT PILES—PREFORMED. a8 74 DISPLACEMENT PILES DRIVEN CAST IN PLACE, se 7.5. DISPLACEMENT PILES—SCREWED CAST IN PLACE 3 716 NON-DISPLACEMENT PILES. sa 7.7 RECORDS OF DATA 37 SECTION § TESTING BL SCOPE vse Sei ee vo 6 82. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, 60 83. PILELOAD TESTING ee ee a rece Sa STATIC LOAD TESTING. 65 85 HIGH-STRAIN DYNAMIC PILE TESTING... ne 67 6 BEDIRECTIONAL LOAD TESTING 68 87 RAPIDLOAD TESTING 6 S8 INTEGRITY TESTING. 69 APPENDICES A. STATIC LOAD TEST. n 1B HIGH-STRAIN DYNAMIC PILE TESTING. % © RAPID PILE TESTING. s1 D__ INTEGRITY TESTING. 85 E LIMIT STATES—SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS. 99 BIBLIOGRAPHY 90FOREWORD Decisions in pile design are based on design formulae, empirical and practical experience, and the accumulated records ofa large numberof applications of proprietary systems (both successful and otherwise). As such, there is a great need for flexibility, experience, engineering judgement and commonsense in designing and constructing a pled footing system. Ina eal sense, these requirements are in conflict with the need to make unqualified ‘mandatory statements and, as a result, many of the stipulations ofthis Standatd are short and simple when, in other eases, extensive arrays of multiple choices are provided, Where applicable, explanatory notes are added to some clauses in this Standard and additional commentary is provide.STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Piling—Design and installation SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL La SCOPE ‘This Standard sets out minimum requirements for the design, construction and testing of piled footings for civil engineering and building structures on land of immelite inshore locations. It does not extend to offshore (deepwater) construction. NOTES: 1 AS $100 series shouldbe considered forthe design of footings fr ros bridges, 2 Where the stength or servceabty of an existing structure i wo bo evaluated, the general ‘rincipies of this Standard should be applied, The actal properties of the materials in the ‘race shouldbe used ‘The durability requirements ae appropriate for statues with design life within 420% ofthe target design Ie 1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES “The normative documents referenced inthis Standard are the following: [NOTE: Documents referenced for informative purposes are listed inthe Bibliography AS 1012. Methods of testing concrete (all Pars) 1163 Structural stel hollow sections 1170 Structural design actions 1170.4 Part: Earthquake aetions in Australia Methods of testing sols for engineering purposes PertG1: Soil strength and consolidation tests—Determination of the penetration resistance of soi Standard penetration tot (SPT) 1289.65.1 Part 65.1: Soil strength and consolidation tests—Determination of the static ceone penetration resistance of a soil—Field test using a mechanic and electrical cone or friction-cone penetrometer 1379 Specification and supply of concrete 1450 Steel tubes for mechanical purposes 1554 Structural steel welding 13541 Part I: Welding of steel structures 1579 Areowelded steel pipes and fittings for water and waste-water 1604 Specification for preservative treatment 1604.1 Part I: Sawn and round timbor 1720. Timber structures 1720.1 Part 1: Design methods 1726 Geotechnical site investigationsAs 2758 and rock for engineering purposes 2758.1 Part Concrete aggregates 2832 Cathodic protection of metals 28322 Part 2: Compact buried structures 28323 art Fixed immersed structures 3600 Concrete structures 3818 TimberHeavy structural products Visually graded 38183 Part3: Piles 3972 Portland and blended cements 4100 Steel structures 5100 Bridge design 5100.8 Part 5: Concrete 5100.6 Part 6: Steel and composite construction ASINZS 1170 Structural design actions 1170.0 Part: General principles 1594 Hotrolled ste! flat products 3678 Structural stee!—Hot-rolled plates, Mloorplates and slabs 3679 Structural steel 3679.1 Part I: Hotrolled bars and sections 3679.2 Part 2: Welded sections 4671 Steel reinforcing materials ASTM € 566-97 Standard Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying 1.3, DEFINITIONS For the purpose ofthis Standard, the definitions below apply 1.3.1 Bored cast in place pile A ple, with oF without a Finer, Formed by excavating oF boring a hole in the ground and subsequent filing it with plain or reinforced eonerete 132 cased pile {A pile formed in the ground by installing a liner and partially or wholly filling it with plain or reinforced concrete after excavation, 1.33 Cone penetration test (CPT) ‘tes in accordance with AS 1289.65.1, to determine the penetration resistance ofa soil 1.34 Continuous fight auger pile (CFA) A pile formed in the ground by driling witha hollow flight auger that is subsequently and progressively withdrawa, withthe eavity below the auger tip being gradually filled with ‘concrete or cement grout injected under pressure. 135 Design action Combination of the nominal loads and other aetions multiplied by the appropriate load factors, Fak labdellelaala adele tletlat