Adverb of place

Adverbs that change or qualify the meaning of a sentence by telling us where things
happen are defined as adverbs of place. Some instructors refer to these words or phrases
as spatial adverbs. No matter what they are called, these adverbs always answer one
important question: Where?

Example

Put the cake there.

After a long day at work, we headed homewards.
Please bring that book here.
My grandfather’s house is nearby.

Adverb of time
Adverbs that change or qualify the meaning of a sentence by telling us when things
happen are defined as adverbs of time.An adverb of time is just what you might expect it
to be – a word that describes when, for how long, or how often a certain action happened.

Example

Are you coming to work tomorrow?

I’d like to go to the movies later.
Jim was so sick he spent four weeks in the hospital.

Adverb of manner
Adverbs of manner describe how something happens. For example, it is possible to walk or
run at different speeds. The words used to describe walking or running at different speeds
(quickly or slowly for example) are excellent examples of adverbs of manner. They help the
reader gain greater insight into the way a written scene is playing out.

Example

He quickly agreed to go to the store for milk. (His agreement was quick)
He agreed to go to the store for milk quickly. (He would go to the store quickly)
She quietly asked me to leave the room. (Her request was quiet)
Cause & Effect

Cause and effect is a relationship between events or things, where one is the result of the other or others.
This is a combination of action and reaction.

 We received seven inches of rain in four hours. - The underpass was flooded.
 I never brush my teeth. - I have 5 cavities.
 Smoking cigarettes - Lung cancer
 Many buffalo were killed. - Buffalo almost became extinct.
 The streets were snow-packed and icy. - Cars needed more time to stop.
 He broke his arm. - The doctor put it in a cast.
 The boss was busy. - Her secretary took a message.
 A basketball player was traveling. - The referee called a penalty.
 I flipped the light switch on. - The light came on.
 An oil spill - Many deaths to wildlife
 Sedentary lifestyle - Childhood obesity

Kinds of Text

An information text is a piece of non-fiction writing which gives information about a particular thing
(for example: Cleopatra, Ancient Egypt, recycling or volcanoes).

Literary nonfiction also contains facts, but is meant to entertain the reader. In this way, literary
nonfiction reads like fiction and has story elements, like character, setting and plot.
Some examples of literary nonfiction include personal journals, diaries, memoirs, letters, and
essays.

Procedure Text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a
sequence of actions or steps. ... This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It
also uses the temporal conjunction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.

Expository text exists to provide facts in a way that is educational and purposeful. The text is fact-
based with the purpose of exposing the truth through a reliable source. True and
deliberate expository text will focus on educating its reader. Other descriptors of exposition are
clear, concise, and organized writing.

A persuasive text is any text where the main purpose is to present a point of view and seeks
to persuade a reader. A persuasive text can be an argument, exposition, discussion, review or
even an advertisement.

Three Degress of Comparison

the positive degree is the basic, uncompared form of an adjective or adverb, as opposed to either
the comparative or superlative. Also called the base form or the absolute degree. The concept
of positive degree in the English language is one of the simplest to grasp.

Comparative: the second or middle degree of comparison in adjectives or adverbs. Superlative: the
third or highest degree of comparison in adjectives or adverbs. The comparative and superlative
degrees are formed by adding the -er and -est suffix to adjectives and adverbs with a single
consonant for an ending.
The superlative degree (or superlative) compares more than two things to show which has the least
or greatest degree of the quality (e.g., brightest, most brightly).

Adjective
an adjective is a word that modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes its referent. Its semantic role is to change
information given by the noun. Adjectives are one of the main parts of speech of the English language, although
historically they were classed together with nouns.

Elements of Story
1. Setting: Where and when is the story set? Setting represents both the physical location but
also the time (i.e. past, present, future) and the social and cultural conditions in which the
characters exist.

2. Character: A person or animal or really anything personified. There can be one main
character or many, and often there are secondary characters, but not always.

3. Plot: The events that happen in a story are called the plot. In a plot you typically find an
introduction, rising action, a climax, the falling action, and a resolution. Plot is often
represented as an arc. To learn about plot in detail, read the article: “What is a Plot.”

4. Conflict: Every story must have a conflict, i.e. a challenge or problem around which the
plot is based. Without conflict, the story will have no purpose or trajectory.

5. Theme: Idea, belief, moral, lesson or insight. It’s the central argument that the author is
trying to make the reader understand. The theme is the “why” of the story.