Location : Navlakhi 1

Project :

BORE PILES IN C  SOIL

0 INPUT
Depth Unconfined Cohesion Soil
Below Compressive Density
GL or Strength
Chart
Datum
q u c u 
Drgree

m kg/cm2 kg/cm2 kg/cm3
0 0 0 0 0
-0.5 1.2 0.00 0 1.6
-1 1.2 0.29 13 1.6
-3.5 1.2 0.29 13 1.6
-4 1.2 0.07 27 1.6
-7 1.2 0.07 27 1.6
-7.5 1.2 0.07 27 1.6
-9.5 1.2 0.07 27 1.6
-10 1.2 0.04 29 1.6
-11.5 1.2 0.04 29 1.6
-12 1.2 0.52 10 1.6
-14 1.2 0.52 10 1.6
-16 1.2 0.52 20 1.6
-18 1.2 0.52 20 1.6
-20 1.2 0.52 20 1.6
-22 1.2 0.52 20 1.6

Coefficient of Earth Pressure K 1

Adhesion Factor h
-16 Design Load tonne 100
Pile Dia. In CM cm 75
Factor of safety for Skin Friction 2
Factor of safety for end bearing 2
Factor of safety overall 2.5

Qhg = tonne 50
Mg = tm 100
Soil Properties For PY c=cohesive
qu Cu Φ n=non-cohesive
1.6 0.6 0 c

TYPICAL VALUES OF nh (kg/cm3)

Soil Type Dry Submerged
Loose Sand 0.26 0.146
Medium Sand 0.775 0.526
Dense Sand 2.076 1.245
Very loose sand under repeated loading 0.041
Choose value of nh = 0.146
Ref. IS : 2911 (Part 1. Sec. 2)
Concrete Mix M 35

VK BHAVADASAN

VK Bhavadasan 12th January 2004 02/11/2020

 2

Depth vs Load

400

350

Ultimate Skin Friction

Ultimate End Bearing
300 Total safe Load
Design Load

250
Load

200

150

100

50

0
0 -0.5 -1 -3.5 -4 -7 -7.5 -9.5 -10 -11.5 -12 -14 -16 -18 -20 -22

Depth

SAFE AT
-16

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VK Bhavadasan 12th January 2004 02/11/2020

 Deph Ultimate Ultimate Total
Of Skin End safe Design
Pile Friction Bearing Load Load
0 0 0 0 100
-0.5 0 0 0 100
-1 6.136334 12.16544 7.32071 100
-3.5 36.818 55.22248 36.81619 100
-4 43.66894 52.79632 38.5861 100
-7 84.77455 65.27971 60.0217 100
-7.5 91.62549 65.27971 62.76208 100
-9.5 119.0292 85.33399 81.74529 100
-10 125.9719 85.51227 84.59365 100
-11.5 146.7998 10.50969 62.92378 100
-12 154.3783 29.61488 73.59728 100
-14 184.6925 46.51619 92.48347 100
-16 223.8492 46.51619 108.1461 100
-18 263.0058 46.51619 123.8088 100
-20 302.1625 46.51619 139.4715 100
-22 341.3192 20.67561 144.7979 100

VK Bhavadasan 12th January 2004 02/11/2020

 Piles in Soil Intermediate Between Sand and Clay 3
1] When Piles are installed in SANDY CLAY, which are predominantly Cohesive in character the Skin Soil Reaction
friction and end bearing resistance should be calculated assuming   0
2] When Pile is installed in CLAYEY SAND where the Cohesion is relatively small, the carrying capacity
shall be calculated assuming C = 0
3] In SANDY CLAY or SANDY SILTS and SILTY or CLAYEY SANDS, which possess appreciable cohesion
and frictional components, can be termed as C - Φ soil, and the ultimate capacity can be estimated
using equation below.

Q  A q  C  K   (tan )d A
up p ult a a s
Granular Soil
ULTIMATE POINT RESISTANCE (General Approach)
The ultimate point resistance does not necessarly increase with depth, and vertical effective stress is not
equal to the effective overburdon pressure but reaches a limiting value Zc. The ratio Zc/D , falling in the
range of 5 to 20 is given in Fig. 03
There is a wide variation in the values recomented for Nq as showen in Fig. 05. Nq value established by
Berezantsev (1961) confirm to practical criteria of Pile faliure. For values of Nq, the graph provided in IS
2911 is adopted which is based on Berezantsev's curve up to 35 degree and Vesic's curve beyond 35
degree, as shown in Fig. 04.
ULTIMATE SKIN FRICTION
The value of skin friction coefficient is influenced by many factors; including angle of internal friction,
method of instalation, pile material, shape etc. For bore pile in which bore holes are stablised by bentonite
this value may be estimated assuming Kδ = 1
Cohesive Soil
ULTIMATE POINT RESISTANCE (General Approach)
The value of Nc used in the design is as that proposed by Skempton (1961). For circular area, the value
increases from 6.14 to a limiting value of 9 for depths greater than 4 times diameter.The values are shown
in table No. 01
PILE - SOIL ADHESION
The pile - soil adhesion depends on various factors. For simplicity, Ca has been related to undrained
cohesion Cu of soil. The ratio Ca / Cu is termed as adhesion factor. The adhesion factor is taken as shown
in Figure No. 01.The Australian Code AS 2159 provides higher values of adhesion factor, while Dr.NV
Nayak propose adhesion factor as 1 for bored cast in situ RCC piles in all clay of any consistency.

Two values for adhesion factor are drawn in the graph. The lower value is as given in Ref. Book by Dr. NV
Nayak, (p.No.166). The Higher values as per Australian Code. By entering "L" or "H" appropriate value for
adhesion factor can be selected.
LATERAL RESISTANCE - ELASTIC METHOD
A vertical pile resist horizontal loads when reaction in the surrounding soil is moblised. The behaviour of soil
in such loading condition depends on the relative stiffness of soil and the pile.
1
Relative Stiffness, T is given by the formula  EI  5

Where: T   5
EI
 
E = Modulas of Elasticity of pile  h  n
I = Moment of Inertia
Nh = Unit Modulus of Subgrade Reaction
Pile is a long
 3
  2

Deflection Y is given by the firmula y   Q h g T   M gT 
 EI  A y

 EI  By
   

Moment =
M MA B
 Q T  A  M  B
hg m g m
Ref:

Q  A   M  1
g 
Shear = V  V A V B  V  BV
2
hg
 T 
VK Bhavadasan 12th January 2004 02/11/2020
 4
Q  M 
Soil Reaction = p  p A  pB   hg  A p   2g  B p
 T  T 

Adhesion Factor
1.20
X X
X Y Y Y 1.00

0.80

0.60
L
= + 0.40

0.20

0.00
0.0

Output
Safe load at various depths
Depth Ultimate Ultimate Ultimate Safe Design Pile
Skin End Pile Load Load Diimetre
Friction Bearing Capacity 100 75
0 0 0 0 0
-0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-1 6.14 12.17 18.30 7.32
-3.5 36.82 55.22 92.04 36.82
-4 43.67 52.80 96.47 38.59
-7 84.77 65.28 150.05 60.02 Table 01
-7.5 91.63 65.28 156.91 62.76 Cohesive Soils
-9.5 119.03 85.33 204.36 81.75 End-bearing
-10 125.97 85.51 211.48 84.59 L/d
-11.5 146.80 10.51 157.31 62.92 0
-12 154.38 29.61 183.99 73.60 1
-14 184.69 46.52 231.21 92.48 2
-16 223.85 46.52 270.37 108.15 3
-18 263.01 46.52 309.52 123.81 4
-20 302.16 46.52 348.68 139.47
-22 341.32 20.68 361.99 144.80

5
EI / kh EI L 5xT

1.60 41935.20 16.00 7.99

Pile is a long elastic pile,Reese and Matlock method is applicable

FOUNDATION DESIGN MANUAL By Dr.Narayan V Nayak

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS AND RETAINING STRUCTURES By Dr. Shamsher Prakesh

VK Bhavadasan 12th January 2004 02/11/2020

 5
Fig. 01

ADHESION FACTOR
Adhesion Factor

1.20 1000.00

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Cohesion kg/cm2

Adhesion Factor Adhesion Factor as per Australian Code

100.00
Fig. 02

Nc

10

Nq
9
8
7
6
N
5
c
4
Cohesive Soils 3
End-bearing 2
Nc 10.00
1
6.14 0
7.6 1 2 3 4 5
8.3
8.8
9 Fig. 03

Critical Depth

25

20
z/D

15

10 1.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
5

0
25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45
Angle

VK Bhavadasan 12th January 2004 02/11/2020

 Fig. 04 6

BEARING CAPACITY FACTOR - Nq

00

00

00

00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445
Angle of internal friction

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VK Bhavadasan 12th January 2004 02/11/2020

 7 T Qhg Mg
Fig. 05 m t t-m
1.60 50.00 100.00
Z M Length
t-m m 0
0 100 0 -20 0
-0.1 108 -0.160 -1
-0.2 116 -0.319
-0.3 123 -0.479 -2

Depth - m
-0.4 129 -0.639
-0.5 134 -0.799 -3
-0.6 138 -0.958
-4
-0.7 141 -1.118
-0.8 143 -1.278
-5
-0.9 144 -1.438
-1 143 -1.597
-6
-1.2 139 -1.917
-1.4 130 -2.236 -7
-1.6 119 -2.556
-1.8 105 -2.875 -8
-2 91 -3.195
-3 24 -4.792 -9
-4 -4 -6.390
-5 -5 -7.987

T Qhg Mg
m t t-m
1.60 50.00 100.00
Z V Length
t m
0 113 0
-0.1 112 -0.160
-0.2 110 -0.319
-0.3 108 -0.479
-0.4 104 -0.639
-0.5 99 -0.799
-0.6 94 -0.958
-0.7 88 -1.118
-0.8 82 -1.278
-0.9 75 -1.438
-1 68 -1.597
-1.2 54 -1.917
-1.4 40 -2.236
-1.6 28 -2.556
-1.8 16 -2.875
-2 7 -3.195
-3 -14 -4.792
-4 -8 -6.390
-5 -1 -7.987

VK Bhavadasan 12th January 2004 02/11/2020

 8 T Qhg Mg
m t t-m
Depth vs Moment 1.60 50.00 100.00
Am Bm
0 Z Y Legth
-20 0 20 40 60 080 100 1 120 140 160 mm m
-1 0.1 1 0 2.17 0
0.198 0.999 -0.1 1.99 -0.159738702
-2 0.291 0.994 -0.2 1.81 -0.319477403
Depth - m

0.379 0.987 -0.3 1.64 -0.479216105

-3 0.459 0.976 -0.4 1.48 -0.638954806
0.532 0.96 -0.5 1.33 -0.798693508
-4
0.595 0.939 -0.6 1.18 -0.958432209
0.649 0.914 -0.7 1.05 -1.1181709105
-5
0.693 0.885 -0.8 0.92 -1.277909612
0.727 0.852 -0.9 0.80 -1.437648314
-6
0.767 0.775 -1 0.69 -1.597387015
-7 0.772 0.688 -1.2 0.49 -1.916864418
0.746 0.594 -1.4 0.33 -2.2363418211
-8 0.696 0.498 -1.6 0.20 -2.555819224
0.628 0.404 -1.8 0.10 -2.875296627
-9 0.225 0.059 -2 0.03 -3.19477403
0 -0.042 -3 -0.09 -4.792161045
Moment - t-m
-0.033 -0.026 -4 -0.04 -6.38954806
-5 0.00 -7.986935075

T Qhg Mg
Depth vs Shear Force
m t t-m
Av Bv 1.60 50.00 100.00
0
-40 -20 0 20 40
1 60 1 80 100 120 140 Z P Legth
-1 0.989 1 t/m m
0.956 0.999 0 0 0
-2
0.906 0.994 -0.1 -12.78796192 -0.159738702
Depth - m

-3 0.84 0.987 -0.2 -23.35938564 -0.319477403

0.764 0.976 -0.3 -31.78476268 -0.479216105
-4 0.677 0.96 -0.4 -38.18955353 -0.638954806
0.585 0.939 -0.5 -42.81653385 -0.798693508
-5 0.489 0.914 -0.6 -45.75197373 -0.958432209
0.392 0.885 -0.7 -47.23864884 -1.1181709105
-6 0.295 0.852 -0.8 -47.38624111 -1.277909612
0.109 0.775 -0.9 -46.37492398 -1.437648314
-7 -0.056 0.688 -1 -44.37698159 -1.597387015
-0.193 0.594 -1.2 -38.20451704 -1.916864418
-8 -0.298 0.498 -1.4 -29.97304392 -2.2363418211
-0.371 0.404 -1.6 -20.90432989 -2.555819224
-9 -0.349 0.059 -1.8 -11.81271604 -2.875296627
-0.106
Shear Force - -0.042
t -2 -3.371560438 -3.19477403
0.013 -0.026 -3 17.577080049 -4.792161045
-4 9.7489117315 -6.38954806
-5 1.3614706431 -7.986935075

VK Bhavadasan 12th January 2004 02/11/2020

 EI 9
t-m4
41935.20

Ay By
Depth vs Deflection

0 2.435 1.623
-0.50 0.00 2.273
0.50 1.453 1.50
1.00 2.00 2.50
-1 2.112 1.293
1.952 1.143
-2 1.796 1.003
Depth - m

1.644 0.873
-3
1.496 0.752
-4 1.353 0.642
1.216 0.54
-5 1.086 0.448
0.962 0.364
-6 0.738 0.223
0.544 0.112
-7
0.381 0.029
-8 0.247 -0.03
0.142 -0.07
-9 -0.075 -0.089
-0.05 Deflection
-0.028
- mm
-0.009 0

EI
t-m2
41935.19979

Ap Bp
Depth vs Soil Reaction

0 0
0
-0.227 -0.145
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
-0.422 -0.259-1
-0.586 -0.343
-0.718 -0.401-2
Depth - m

-0.822 -0.436
-0.897 -0.451-3
-0.947 -0.449
-4
-0.973 -0.432
-0.977 -0.403-5
-0.962 -0.364
-0.885 -0.268-6
-0.761 -0.157
-0.609 -0.047-7
-0.445 0.054
-0.283 0.14 -8
0.226 0.268
-9
0.1855 0.1006
Soil
0.046 Reaction -
-0.002 t/m

VK Bhavadasan 12th January 2004 02/11/2020

 V  V A V B  Q  A   M
V
g


 BV
hg
 T 

VK Bhavadasan 12th January 2004 02/11/2020

 1 h h H
Base diame 75 mm r=round
Shape r s=square
Depth l Skin
Pile Adhesion Depth Friction Skin
Dia Factor Depth Cu Incriment a C As Kd tan phi Friction
75 0 0
75 1 -0.5 0 0.5 0.000 1 0.0000 0.000
75 1 -1 0.29 0.5 3.416 1 0.2309 2.720
75 1 -3.5 0.29 2.5 17.082 1 0.2309 13.599
75 1 -4 0.072 0.5 0.848 1 0.5095 6.003
75 1 -7 0.072 3 5.089 1 0.5095 36.016
75 1 -7.5 0.072 0.5 0.848 1 0.5095 6.003
75 1 -9.5 0.072 2 3.393 1 0.5095 24.011
75 1 -10 0.035 0.5 0.412 1 0.5543 6.530
75 1 -11.5 0.035 1.5 1.237 1 0.5543 19.591
75 0.898 -12 0.52 0.5 5.501 1 0.1763 2.077
75 0.898 -14 0.52 2 22.005 1 0.1763 8.309
75 0.898 -16 0.52 2 22.005 1 0.3640 17.152
75 0.898 -18 0.52 2 22.005 1 0.3640 17.152
75 0.898 -20 0.52 2 22.005 1 0.3640 17.152
75 0.898 -22 0.52 2 22.005 1 0.3640 17.152

VERTICAL PILES SUBJECTED TO LATERAL FORCES

Reese and Matlock's method test
sample
DIAMETER Area Moment of Inertia calc c
m m 2
cm 4
Length EIM design
0.75 0.441786 1553156 16.00 4.19352E+11
35 load
Pile section r E 100
Relative stiffness T = 5 35892.24192 29910.201604
EI / nh EI Qhg =
For Cohesive Soil, T = 5 where, kh = 67 xCu /D (Terazagi 1956 55746234666 Mg =
EI / kh kh = 0.536 T Soil Properties For PY
1.5973870151 qu
z
For Granular Soil, T = 5 where, kh = nh  (Terazagi 1956) 1.6
EI / kh D
Assuming Fixity at 2 D,, kh = 0.292
For Soil Type c kh = 0.536 TYPICAL VALUES O
Dia/Width I EI EI T T 5xT Soil Type
cm cm4 kn-m4 t-m4 m m m Loose Sand
75.00 1553156 419352 41935.2 2.391568 1.60 7.986935075 Medium Sand
E = modulus of elasticity = 5000 (fck)5 E = 2.7 x 10kg/cm
5 2
(IS-456-2000) Dense Sand
270000 Very loose sand under repea
Pile is a long elastic pile,Reese and Matlock method is applicable Choose value of nh =
Shaft Adhesion
su a cu Adhesion
Adhesion
Factor
F as per Australian 0
Code 0.00 0.00
0 1 0 1 1 1 5 1.09
10 1 0.1 1.00 1.00 2 5 1.20
20 1 0.2 0.97 1.00 3 5 1.31 10
30 1 0.3 0.86 1.00 4 5 1.43 8
40 1 0.4 0.74 1.00 5 5 1.57 6
4
2
VK Bhavadasan 02/11/2020
0
1 2
 10
8
6
50 0.912 0.5 0.65 0.898 6 5 1.72 4
60 0.783 0.6 0.57 0.783 7 5 1.89
2
70 0.702 0.7 0.49 0.702 8 5 2.09
80 0.621 0.8 0.42 0.621 9 5 2.31 0
90 0.564 0.9 0.37 0.564 10 5 2.53 1 2
100 0.516 1.0 0.33 0.516 11 5 2.82
110 0.477 1.1 0.31 0.477 12 5 3.11
120 0.443 1.2 0.30 0.443 13 5 3.44
130 0.413 1.3 0.30 0.413 14 5 3.83
140 0.388 1.4 0.30 0.388 15 5 4.20
150 0.37 1.5 0.30 0.37 16 5 4.69
160 0.354 1.6 0.3 0.354 17 5 5.26
170 0.339 1.7 0.30 0.339 18 5 5.87
180 0.33 1.8 0.30 0.33 19 5 6.58
190 0.321 1.9 0.30 0.321 20 5 7.31
200 0.319 2.0 0.30 0.319 21 5 8.22
Australian code recomends 22 5 9.31
Better Adhesoin Factor 23 5 10.57
24 5 11.91
25 5 13.48
26 5 15.42
27 5 17.66
28 5 20.23
29 5.1 23.33
30 5.23 26.79
31 5.41 31.05
32 5.62 35.73
33 5.83 41.21
34 6.2 47.86
35 6.5 55.46
36 7 64.57
37 8 75.16
38 9.5 87.90
39 12 101.62
40 15 120.78
41 18 145.88
42 20 181.97
43 20 228.56
44 20 295.00
45 20 380.20

VK Bhavadasan 02/11/2020
 Total Cumilative Critical Density
Ultimate Safe L/D Nc CNc Depth Depth Depth h
Skin Skin Z/D
Friction Friction
0 0 0
0.00 0 0.666667 6.14 0.00 -0.5 0.5 0.0001 0.0001 1.6
6.14 3.068167 1.333333 7.6 9.74 -1 1 5 1 1.6
36.82 18.409 4.666667 9 11.53 -3.5 3.5 5 3.5 1.6
43.67 21.83447 5.333333 9 2.86 -4 4 5 4 1.6
84.77 42.38727 9.333333 9 2.86 -7 7 5 5 1.6
91.63 45.81274 10 9 2.86 -7.5 7.5 5 5 1.6
119.03 59.51461 12.66667 9 2.86 -9.5 9.5 5 5 1.6
125.97 62.98593 13.33333 9 1.39 -10 10 5.1 5.1 1.6
146.80 73.39988 15.33333 9 1.39 -11.5 11.5 5.1 5.1 1.6
154.38 77.18915 16 9 20.68 -12 12 5 5 1.6
184.69 92.34625 18.66667 9 20.68 -14 14 5 5 1.6
223.85 111.9246 21.33333 9 20.68 -16 16 5 5 1.6
263.01 131.5029 24 9 20.68 -18 18 5 5 1.6
302.16 151.0812 26.66667 9 20.68 -20 20 5 5 1.6
341.32 170.6596 29.33333 9 20.68 -22 22 5 5 1.6

No of pile
c=cohesive Depth Depth Allowable Load
Design Load
n=non-cohesive -22 22 145 100 1
depth L -20 20 139 100 1
-18 18 124 100 1
-16 16 -16 16 108 100 1
-14 14 92 100 2
50 -12 12 74 100 2
100 -11.5 11.5 63 100 2
Soil Properties For PY -10 10 85 100 2
Cu Φ -9.5 9.5 82 100 2
0.6 0 -7.5 7.5 63 100 2
-7 7 60 100 2
-4 4 39 100 3
TYPICAL VALUES O nhDry
(kg/cm3)
Submerged
-3.5
-1
3.5
1
37
7
100
100
3
14
Loose Sand 0.26 0.146 -0.5 0.5 0 100 _
Medium Sand 0.775 0.526 0 0 0 100 _
Dense Sand 2.076 1.245 -16 1
Very loose sand under repeated 0.041 1
Choose value of nh = 0.146 SAFE AT
Ref. IS : 2911 (Part 1. Sec. 2)

Cohesive Soils Nc
End-bearing
qe=9Cu if L/d>4
10
8 qe=NcCu if L/d<=4
6 Table 01
4
2
VK Bhavadasan 02/11/2020
0
1 2 3 4 5
 Nc

10
8
6
L/d Nc
4
0 6.14
2
1 7.6
0 2 8.3
1 3 28.8 3 4 5
4 9

400.00

350.00

300.00

250.00

200.00

150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46

VK Bhavadasan 02/11/2020
 0.00

1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46

VK Bhavadasan 02/11/2020
 Ultimate
Nq QNq End
Bearing Deph Ultimate Ultimate Total
Of Skin End safe Design
Pile Friction Bearing Load Load
0 0 0 0 0 100
0.001 0.00 0.00 -0.5 0.000 0.000 0 100 0
3.436 2.43 12.17 -1 6.136 12.165 7.32071 100 7.32071
3.436 43.69 55.22 -3.5 36.818 55.222 36.81619 100 36.81619
17.660 49.93 52.80 -4 43.669 52.796 38.5861 100 38.5861
17.660 62.42 65.28 -7 84.775 65.280 60.0217 100 60.0217
17.660 62.42 65.28 -7.5 91.625 65.280 62.76208 100 62.76208
17.660 82.47 85.33 -9.5 119.029 85.334 81.74529 100 81.74529
23.335 84.12 85.51 -10 125.972 85.512 84.59365 100 84.59365
23.335 9.12 10.51 -11.5 146.800 10.510 62.92378 100 62.92378
2.529 8.94 29.61 -12 154.378 29.615 73.59728 100 73.59728
2.529 25.84 46.52 -14 184.692 46.516 92.48347 100 92.48347
7.311 25.84 46.52 -16 223.849 46.516 108.1461 100 108.1461
7.311 25.84 46.52 -18 263.006 46.516 123.8088 100 123.8088
7.311 25.84 46.52 -20 302.162 46.516 139.4715 100 139.4715
7.311 0.00 20.68 -22 341.319 20.676 144.7979 100 144.7979

VK Bhavadasan 02/11/2020
 Safe Total
End Pile
Bearing Capacity
0 0
0 0
6.082721 9.150888
27.61124 46.02024
26.39816 48.23263
32.63985 75.02713
32.63985 78.4526
42.667 102.1816
42.75613 105.7421
5.254845 78.65473
14.80744 91.9966
23.2581 115.6043
23.2581 135.1827
23.2581 154.761
23.2581 174.3393
10.3378 180.9974

VK Bhavadasan 02/11/2020