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com

Chemistry Project
CHEMISTRY PROJECT
on
On
"Determination of contents of Cold Drinks"
Determination Of The
Contents Of Cold Drinks

PROJECT
Project PREPARED
Report By: BY:
Gaurav
Aakash sangal
Shubhneet Arora
XII
XII
XII--BA
Session:-
2260
Session 2011-12
: 11-12
2008-2009
Session: 2016-17
S.D. VidyaVidyalaya
Board’s
Kendriya Mandir
Roll Mankhurd
Number : 6229000
Board roll no. :-
Submitted
Mother to Divine
Submitted Mrs. Nupur
to Mrs. Sharma
Sr. Sec.
Manju Public School
khurana

(Signature)
 AIM
Aim

COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE

COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT
COLD DRINKS BRANDS
AVAILABLE OF
IN MARKET.
COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET.
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Certificate
This is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine
investigation work has been carried out to investigate
about the subject matter and the related data collection
and investigation has been completed solely, sincerely
and satisfactorily by Shubhneet Arora of CLASS XII B,
Kendriya Vidyalaya Mankhurd, regarding his project
titled “Determination of the Contents of Cold Drinks”.

Signature of Teacher

Signature of Principal School‟s Stamp

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my profound sense of
gratitude and respect to all those who helped me
throughout this venture.

I owe my regard to Mrs. K Prabavathi, Principal of K.V

,Mankhurd, for her cooperation and valuable support and
for giving me the opportunity to undertake this project
work and providing the necessary infrastructure.

I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my revered

teacher and guide Mrs. Nupur Sharma (Chemistry
teacher) and Mr. Deepak for their valuable guidance,
encouragement and support throughout my studentship
under their at the institute.

Last but not the least; I owe my overwhelming gratitude to

my family and friends who gave me constant support
and motivation to continue with this endeavor.
 Purpose
URPOSE
PURPOSE
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into
various questions
In recent days,regarding their
soft drink purity.
brands Newsput into
were
flashed that questions
various they contain harmful pesticide,
regarding which
their purity. News
arouse many
flashed thatinterest in knowing
they contain its contents
harmful pesticide, which
arouseI many
because interest
have been in knowing
drinking them its
forcontents
years. Ibecause
I have
wanted been drinking
to confirm them for
that whether the years.
chargeI wanted to
confirm that whether the charge imposed on these
imposed on these brands are true or not.
brands are true or not.

Another
Anotherfactfact
which inspired
which meme
inspired to to
do do
thisthis
project is is
project
thatthat
I am in touch
I am with with
in touch qualitative analysis
qualitative whose
analysis whose
knowledge
knowledge with
with other
other factorshelped
factors helpedmeme toto do so.
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CONTENTS
Contents
I. Introduction
I. Introduction
II. Theory
II.III.
Theory
Apparatus
III. Apparatus
IV. Chemicals Required
IV. Chemicals Required
V.V. Detection of pH
Detection of pH
VI.Test
VI. Testfor
forCarbon
Carbon Dioxide
Dioxide
VII.
VII. Test
Test for
for Glucose
lucose
VIII. Testfor
III. Test forPhosphate
Phosphate
IX. Test for Alcohol
IX. Test for Alcohol
X. Test for Sucrose
X. Result
XI. Test for Sucrose
XI. Conclusion
XII. Result
XII. Conclusion
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Introduction
INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
industrialization
industrializationininIndia marked
India markedits beginning withwith
its beginning
launching
launchingofofLimca
Limcaand Goldspot
and Goldspot by by
parley group
parley of of
group
companies.
companies.Since, thethe
Since, beginning
beginningof cold drinks
of cold was was
drinks
highly
highlyprofitable and and
profitable luring, many multinational
luring, many multinational
companies
companieslaunched
launchedtheir brands
their in in
brands India likelike
India Pepsi
Pepsi
and
andCoke.
Coke.
Now days, it is observed in general that majority of
Now days,
people vieweditSprite,
is observed
Miranda,in general
and Limcathattomajority
give of
peopleofviewed
feeling Sprite,
lightness, whileMiranda,
Pepsi andand Limca
Thumps Uptoto give
feeling pulse
activate of lightness,
and brain.while Pepsi and Thumps Up to
activate pulse and brain.
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Theory
THEORY
ColdCold
drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates,
carbohydrates,carbon
carbondioxide, phosphate
dioxide, ionsions
phosphate etc. etc.
TheseThese
soft drinks
soft
givedrinks
feelinggive
of warmth, lightness
feeling of warmth,and have a and
lightness tangy taste
have a which is liked
tangy taste
by everyone. Carbon
which is liked dioxide isCarbon
by everyone. responsible foristhe
dioxide formationfor
responsible of the
froth
formation
on shaking ofbottle.
the froth on shaking the bottle.

TheThe carbon
carbon dioxide
dioxide gasgasisisdissolved
dissolvedininwater
watertoto form
form carbonic
carbonic acid
acid
which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of
naturally
energyoccurring
to our body. organic
Generalcompounds
formula of and are majorissource of
carbohydrates
energy
CX (Hto2O)
ourY. body. General formula of carbohydrates is (CH2O)n.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:
On the basis of their
Monosaccharide, molecule size
Disaccharides andcarbohydrates
Polysaccharides. are classified
Glucoseas:- is a
monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in
theMonosaccharide,
ripen grapes, in Disaccharides
bones and also andinPolysaccharides.
many sweet fruits. Glucose is a
It is also
monosaccharide
present in human bloodwith formula C6H12of
to the extent O6about
.It occurs
0.1%.inSucrose
Free State in
is one
the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also
of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely
present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many
of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely
plants. The main
distributed sourceinofjuices,
in nature sucrose is sugar
seeds caneinjuice
and also which
flowers of many
contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has
plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which about 10-17 %
sucrose.
containThe molecular
15-20 formula
% sucrose of sucrose
and sugar is C12H22O11.
beet which has about 10-17 It is %
produced
sucrose.byThe a mixture of glucose
molecular formulaand of fructose.
sucrose Itis isCnon-reducing
12H22O11. It isin
nature whereas
produced by aglucose
mixtureisofreducing. Coldfructose.
glucose and drinks are
It is anon-reducing
bit acidic in
nature and their
in nature acidity
whereas can is
glucose bereducing.
measuredCold by finding
drinks aretheir pHacidic
a bit value.
TheinpH values
nature andalso depend
their acidityuponcan the
be acidic
measured contents such as
by finding citric
their pH
acidvalue.
and phosphoric
The pH values acid.
also depend upon the acidic contents such as
citric acid and phosphoric acid.
 Apparatus
APPARATUS
? est Tube
?Test
?est
TestTube
?TTube Holder
estTube
Test Tube
Tube
?Test
?est
TestTube
Test
?TTube Stand
estTube Holder
Tube
Tube Holder
Holder
Holder
? ?top
?TWatch
TestestTube
Test Stand
Tube
Tube Stand
Stand
Test Tube
? ?eaker Stand
StoptopWatch
?SStop Watch
Watch
?Stop?BWatch
?urner
Beaker
Beaker
eaker
?Beaker
?HBurner
?Paper pH
BBurner
urner
? ?ripodH Stand
Paper
?ppH Tripod
Paper
Paper
Burner
? ?hina
StandDish
China
?TTripod
ripod Stand
Stand
pH
? ?irePaper
?CGauge
Dish Wire
China
hina Dish
Dish
?ater
?Tripod
GaugeBath
Stand
?WWire
ire Water
Gauge
Gauge
?Bath
?WWater
China Bath
ater Bath
Dish
Wire Gauge
Water Bath
 Chemicals
Required
Iodine Solution
Potassium Iodine
Iodine Solution
Sodium Hydroxide
?Potassium Iodine
Fehling’s
?Sodium A Hydroxide
& B Solution
Iodine Solution
?Fehling‟s
Lime Water A & B Solution
Potassium Iodine
?Lime Sodium
Water
Concentrated HNOHydroxide
3
Fehling’sHNO3
?Concentrated A & B Solution
Benedict Solution
?Benedict Solution
Lime Water
Ammonium
?Ammonium Molybdate
Molybdate
Concentrated HNO3
Benedict Solution
Ammonium Molybdate
 Detection of
DETECTION OFpH
PH
EXPERIMENT
Experiment
Small
Small samples
samplesof of cold
cold drinks
drinksof
of different
different brands
brandswere
weretaken
takeninina atest
testtube
and
tubeput
andonput
theon
pHthepaper. The change
pH paper. in the color
The change in theofcolor
pH paper
of pHwaspapernoticed
and was compared with the standard pH scale.
was noticed and was compared with the standard pH scale.

OBSERVATION
Observations
NAME OF THE COLOUR
SR. NO. pH VALUE
DRINK CHANGE
1 COCA COLA
Coca Cola PINK
Pink 2.5-3
2 Sprite
SPRITE RED
Red 3
3 LIMCA
Limca PINKISH
Pinkish 4
4 Fanta
FANTA LIGHT ORANGE
Light Orange 3-4

INFERENCE
Inference
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid
and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different brands are
different due to the variation in amount of acidic contents.
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Test
TEST FORforCARBON
DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT
As
As soon as the
the bottles
bottleswere
wereopened,
opened,one
onebyby
oneone
the the sample
sample waswas passed
through
passed lime water.
through The
lime lime The
water. water turned
lime milky.
water turned milky.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF THE TIME TAKEN
CONCLUSION
NO. DRINK (SEC.)
1 COCA COLA
Coca cola 26.5 CO2IS
ISPRESENT
PRESENT
2 SPRITE
Sprite 21 CO2 IS
ISPRESENT
PRESENT
3 LIMCA
Limca 35 CO2ISISPRESENT
PRESENT
4 FANTA
Fanta 36 CO2IS
ISPRESENT
PRESENT

INFERENCE
Inference
Inference
Allthe
All thesoft
softdrinks
drinkscontain
contain dissolved
dissolved carbon
carbon dioxide
dioxide in water.
in water. TheThe carbon
carbon
dioxide((CO
dioxide ) dissolvesininwater
) )2dissolves watertotoform
formcarbonic
carbonicacid,
acid,which
whichisis responsible
for its tangyfor
responsible taste.
its tangy taste.

CHEMICALReaction
Chemical REACTIONInvolved:
INVOLVED
Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) ----------- CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)
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TestFOR
TEST for GLUCOSE
Glucose
Experiment
EXPERIMENT
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following test:-
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following
test:-

1. BENEDICTS’S
1. REAGENT
Benedicts's Reagent TEST:-
test:
Small samples
Small samples ofof cold
colddrinks
drinksofofdifferent
differentbrands
brandswere
weretaken
takeninina test tube
a test tube
and a few drops of Benedict‟s reagent were added. The test tube was
and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube was heated
heated
for fewforseconds.
few seconds. Formation
Formation of reddish
of reddish colorcolor confirmed
confirmed the the presence
presence of
of glucose
glucose in cold
in cold drinks.
drinks.

OBSERVATON
Observations
SR. NAME OF THE
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. DRINK
REDDISH
Reddish COLOUR
colour GLUCOSE
Ppt. Glucose IS
is present
1 COCACola
Coca COLA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH
Reddish COLOUR
colour GLUCOSE IS
Ppt. Glucose
2 Sprite
SPRITE is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

Limca REDDISH
Reddish COLOUR
colour GLUCOSE IS
Ppt. Glucose
3 LIMCA is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH
Reddish COLOUR
colour GLUCOSE IS
Ppt. Glucose
4 Fanta
FANTA is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

Inference
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict‟s reagent.
Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
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2.
2. FEHLING’S SOLUTION
Fehling's Solution TEST
Test
Small
Small samples
samples ofofcold
colddrinks
drinksofofdifferent brands
different were
brands weretaken in aintest
taken tubetube
a test and
aand
fewa drops of Fehling‟s
few drops of Fehling’s
A solution and Fehling‟s
A solution and Fehling’s
B solution was added
B solution in
was added
equal amount.
in equal TheThe
amount. test test
tubetube
was washeated in a in
heated water bath bath
a water for 10forminutes.
10 minutes.
Appearance
Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose inincold
of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose colddrinks.
drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF THE
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. DRINK
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
1 COCA
Coca COLA
Cola Reddish Brown Ppt. Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
2 Sprite
SPRITE Reddish Brown Ppt. Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

Limca REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS

3 LIMCA Reddish Brown Ppt. Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
4 Fanta
FANTA Reddish Brown Ppt. Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

INFERENCE
Inference
All the
All thesamples
samplesgave
gavepositive
positive
testtest
for for glucose
glucose withwith Fehling’s
Fehling‟s (A & (A & B)
B) solutions.
solutions.
Hence all Hence alldrinks
the cold the cold drinksglucose.
contain contain glucose.
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TEST
TestFOR
for PHOSPHATE
Phosphate
EXPERIMENT
Experiment
Smallsamples
Small samplesofofeach
eachbrand
brandofofcold
colddrinks
drinkswere
weretaken
takenininseparate
separatetest
testtubes
tubes
andAmmonium
and Ammonium Molybdate
Molybdate followed
followed by concentrated
by concentrated Nitric
Nitric AcidAcid
(HNO3)(HNO 3)
was
was added
added to solution
to it. The it. The solution
was heated.wasAppearance
heated. Appearance of canary-yellow
of canary-yellow precipitate
precipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate ions
confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks. in cold drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. THE DRINK
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
1 COCACola
Coca COLA Canary-Yellow Ppt. Phosphate is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
Sprite CANARY-YELLOW
Canary-Yellow Ppt. PHOSPHATE IS
2 SPRITE Phosphate is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
3 LIMCA
Limca Canary-Yellow Ppt. Phosphate is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
4 FANTA
Fanta Canary-Yellow Ppt. Phosphate is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

INFERENCE
Inference
All the
the soft
soft drinks
drinks samples
samples gave
gave positive
positive test
testfor
forphosphate
phosphate ions.
ions. Hence
Hence all
the coldcold
all the drinks contain
drinks phosphate.
contain phosphate.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

Chemical Reaction Involved:
NaHPO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 + 3H+ ---------- (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3
+ 21HN4NO3 + 12H2O
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TEST
TestFOR ALCOHOL
for Alcohol
EXPERIMENT
Experiment
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test
tubes and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide
(NaOH) solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were
heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored
precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. THE DRINK
1 Coca Cola
COCA COLA YellowYELLOW
Precipitate ALCOHOL IS
Alcohol is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
2 SPRITE
Sprite Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
3 LIMCA
Limca Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
4 FANTA
Fanta Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

INFERENCE
Inference
All the cold
All the cold drinks
drinks samples
samples gave
gave positive
positive test
test for
for alcohol.
alcohol.Hence
Henceall
allthe
thecold
cold
drinks contain glucose.
drinks contain glucose.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

Chemical Reaction involved:
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH ------ CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O
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TestFOR
TEST forSUCROSE
sucrose
EXPERIMENT
Experiment
5 5mlml samples
samples of each
of each brand
brand of cold
of cold drinks
drinks were were
takentaken in separate
in separate china china
dishesand
dishes andwere
were heated
heated very
very strongly
strongly untiluntil changes
changes occur.
occur. Black
Black colored
colored
residueleft
residue leftconfirmed
confirmedthe
thepresence
presenceofofsucrose
sucrose inincold
colddrinks.
drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. THE DRINK
SUCROSE
Sucrose IS
is Present
1 Coca
COCACola
COLA BLACK RESIDUE
Black Residue PRESENT
SUCROSE IS
2 Sprite
SPRITE BLACK RESIDUE
Black Residue Sucrose is Present
PRESENT
SUCROSE IS
3 Limca
LIMCA Black Residue
BLACK RESIDUE Sucrose is Present
PRESENT
SUCROSE IS
4 FANTA
Fanta BLACK RESIDUE
Black Residue Sucrose is Present
PRESENT

INFERENCE
Inference
Allthe
All thebrands
brands of
ofcold
colddrinks
drinks contain
contain sucrose.
sucrose. But
Butamount
amountofofsucrose
sucrosevaries
varies
inineach
each brand
brand of
of drink.
drink. Fanta
Fantacontains
containshighest
highestamount
amountofofsucrose.
sucrose.
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Result
RESULT
After
Afterconducting
conductingseveral
severaltests,
tests,ititwas
wasconcluded
concludedthat
thatthe
thedifferent
differentbrands
brands of
ofcold
colddrinks
drinksnamely:
namely:

1. Coca
1. Cola
Coca Cola
2. Sprite
2. Sprite
3. Limca
3. Limca
4. Fanta
4. Fanta
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All
cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different
cold drinks
brands CocaareCola
acidic in nature.
is the On comparing
most acidic and Limcathe pH value
is least acidicofof
different
all the four
brands Coca
brands taken.Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the
four brands taken.

CARBON DIOXIDE
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum
amount of
amount of dissolved
dissolved carbon dioxide and
carbon dioxide and Fanta has the
Fanta has the minimum
minimum amount
amount of
of dissolved carbon dioxide.
dissolved carbon dioxide.
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Conclusion
DIS-ADVANTAGES OFCold
Disadvantages of COLDdrinks:
DRINKS
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain
sugar in large amount which cause problems in diabetes patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body‟s
natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also
harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So it
can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use
hey
the hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly consive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful
to our body.

Uses of Cold drinks:

1. Cold
1. Cold drinks
drinks canused
can be be used as toilet
as toilet cleaners.
cleaners.
2. They
2. They can remove
can remove rust rust
spotsspots
fromfrom chrome
chrome car car humpers.
bumpers.
3. They
3. They cleanclean corrosion
corrosion fromfrom
car car battery
battery terminals.
terminals.
4. Soft
4. Soft drinks
drinks are used
are used as anasexcellent
an excellent ‘detergent’
„detergent‟ to remove
to remove grease
grease from
from clothes.
clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
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Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LABORATORY MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY

DINESH COMPANION CHEMISTRY

WEBSITES —

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