GUCCI

OWNER: François Pinault

 HISTORY
o As an immigrant hotel worker in Paris and later London,

young Guccio Gucci (1881–1953) was impressed with the

luxurious luggage he saw urbane guests bring with them at

the Savoy Hotel. Before leaving, he visited the

manufacturer, H.J. Cave & Sons. Upon returning to his

birthplace of Florence, a city distinguished for high-quality

materials and skilled artisans, he established a shop in 1920

that sold fine leather goods with classic styling. Although

 Gucci organized his workrooms for industrial methods of

production, he maintained traditional aspects of fabrication.

Initially, Gucci employed skilled workers in basic Florentine

leather crafts, attentive to finishing. With expansion, machine

stitching was a production method that supported

construction.

o Together with three of his sons, Aldo Gucci (1905–1990),

Vasco Gucci (1907–1975), and Rodolfo Gucci (1912–1983),

Gucci expanded the company to include stores

in Milan and Rome as well as additional shops in Florence.

Gucci's stores featured such finely crafted leather accessories

as handbags, shoes, and his iconic ornamented loafer as well

as silks and knitwear in a signature pattern.

o The company made handbags of cotton canvas rather than

leather during World War II as a result of material shortages.

The canvas, however, was distinguished by a signature

double-G symbol combined with prominent red and green

bands. After the war, the Gucci crest, which showed a shield
 and armored knight surrounded by a ribbon inscribed with the

family name, became synonymous with the city of Florence.

o Aldo and Rodolfo Gucci further expanded the company's

horizons in 1953 by establishing offices in New York City. Film

stars and jet-set travelers to Italy during the 1950s and 1960s

brought their glamour to Florence, turning Gucci's

merchandise into international status symbols. Movie stars

posed in Gucci's clothing, accessories, and footwear for

lifestyle magazines around the world, contributing to the

company’s growing reputation.

o Gucci's distinctive lines made its products among the most

frequently copied in the world in the early 2000s. Pigskin, calf,

and imported exotic animal skins were subjected to various

methods of fabrication. Waterproof canvas and satin were

used for evening bags. Bamboo was first used to make

handbag handles by a process of heating and molding in

1947, and purses made with a shoulder strap and snaffle-bit

decoration were introduced in 1960. In 1964 Gucci’s lush

butterfly pattern was custom-created for silk foulards, followed

 by equally luxuriant floral patterns. The original Gucci loafer

was updated by a distinctive snaffle-bit ornament in 1966,

while the "Rolls-Royce" luggage set was introduced in 1970.

Watches, jewelry, ties, and eyewear were then added to the

company's product lines. A particularly iconic touch,

introduced in 1964, was the use of the double-G logo for belt

buckles and other accessory decorations.[10]

o The company prospered through the 1970s, but the 1980s

were marked by internal family disputes that brought Gucci to

the brink of disaster. Rodolfo’s son Maurizio Gucci took over

the company’s direction after his father’s death in 1983 and

dismissed his uncle Aldo—who eventually served a prison

term for tax evasion. Maurizio proved to be an unsuccessful

president; he was compelled to sell the family-owned

company to Investcorp,[11] a Bahrain-based company, in 1988.

Maurizio disposed of his remaining stock in 1993. Maurizio

was murdered by a hitman in Milan in 1995, and his former

wife, Patrizia Reggiani, was convicted of hiring his killer.

Meanwhile, the new investors promoted the American-

 educated Domenico De Sole from the position of family

attorney to president of Gucci America in 1994 and chief

executive in 1995.

 MISSION
o The company`s mission is to become the leader in luxury
market at worldwide level.

 VISION
o Gucci is reinventing a wholly modern approach to fashion.
Under the new vision of creative director Alessandro Michele,
the House has redefined luxury for the 21st century, further
reinforcing its position as one of the world s most desirable
fashion houses.

 TAGLINE
o We go beyond just Great.
o Luxury for the Best.
o Eternal symbol of luxury.
 SHELL

OWNER: Royal Dutch Shell,

 HISTORY
o Shell Oil Company is the United States-based wholly owned

subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell, transnational corporation "oil

major" of Anglo-Dutch origins, which is amongst the largest oil

companies in the world. Approximately 80,000 Shell

employees are based in the U.S. The U.S. headquarters are

in Houston, Texas. The current president is Bruce Culpepper,

a graduate of the University of Alabama. Shell Oil Company,

including its consolidated companies and its share in equity

 companies, is one of America's largest oil and natural gas

producers, natural gas marketers, gasoline marketers

and petrochemical manufacturers.

o Shell is the market leader through approximately 25,000

Shell-branded gas stations in the U.S. which also serve as

Shell's most visible public presence. At its gas stations Shell

provides diesel fuel, gasoline and LPG. Shell Oil Company

was a 50/50 partner with the Saudi Arabian government-

owned oil company Saudi Aramco in Motiva Enterprises, a

refining and marketing joint venture which owns and operates

three oil refineries on the Gulf Coast of the United States.

However, Shell is currently divesting its interest in Motiva.[3]

o Shell products include oils, fuels, and car services as well as

exploration, production, and refining of petroleum

products.[4] The Shell Oil Refinery in Martinez, California, the

first Shell refinery in the United States, supplies Shell

and Texaco stations in the West and Midwest.[5]

o Shell gasolines previously included the RU2000 and SU2000

lines (later there was a SU2000E) but they have been

superseded by the V-Power line.[6]

o In 1997, Shell and Texaco entered into two refining/marketing

joint ventures. One combined their Midwestern and Western

operations and was known as Equilon. The other, known

as Motiva Enterprises, combined the Eastern and Gulf Coast

operations of Shell Oil and Star Enterprise, itself a joint

venture between Saudi Aramco and Texaco.[7]

o After Texaco merged with Chevron in 2001, Shell purchased

Texaco's shares in the joint ventures.[8] In 2002, Shell began

converting these Texaco stations to the Shell brand, a

process that was to be completed by June 2004 and was

called "the largest retail re-branding initiative in American

business history".[9] In the year 2016, Shell Nederland

Raffinaderij BV (Shell Pernis) said that it has started a new

aromatics unit at the large Pernis refinery

in Rotterdam, Netherlands.[10]
 o In recent years The Shell Oil Company's Midstream, and

Downstream, in particular, have become limited to petroleum,

and chemical products. This has come as a result of Royal

Dutch Shell breaking off its Natural Gas and power

businesses in to a new segment named Integrated Gas. The

Shell Oil Company's former Natural Gas, and energy divisions

are now Shell Energy North America, a closely integrated, but

distinctive entity that runs across North America and is

headquartered out of Houston.

 MISSION

To safely market and distribute energy and petrochemical

products while offering innovative value added services.

 VISION

They make the difference through our people, a team of

dedicated professionals, who value our customers, deliver on

our promises and contribute to sustainable development.

 TAGLINE

“Together, Anything is Possible”

 NESTLE

OWNER: Heinrich Nestle

 HISTORY
o Nestlé's origins date back to the 1860s, when two separate
Swiss enterprises were founded that would later form Nestlé.
In the following decades, the two competing enterprises
expanded their businesses throughout Europe and the United
States.[14]
o In 1866, Charles Page (US consul to Switzerland) and George
Page, brothers from Lee County, Illinois, USA, established the
Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in Cham, Switzerland.
The company's first British operation was opened
at Chippenham, Wiltshire, in 1873.[15][16]
o In 1867 in Vevey, Switzerland, Henri Nestlé developed milk-
based baby food and soon began marketing it. The following
year, Daniel Peter began seven years of work perfecting
the milk chocolate manufacturing process. Nestlé was the
solution Peter needed to fix his problem of removing all the
water from the milk added to his chocolate, thus preventing
the product from developing mildew. Henri Nestlé retired in
1875 but the company, under new ownership, retained his
name as Société Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé.[citation needed]
o In 1877, Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to its
products; in the following year, the Nestlé Company
added condensed milk to its portfolio, which made the firms
direct rivals.
o In 1879, Nestlé merged with milk chocolate inventor Daniel
Peter.[17]
o In 1904, François-Louis Cailler, Charles Amédée Kohler,
Daniel Peter, and Henri Nestlé participated in the creation and
development of Swiss chocolate, marketing the first chocolate
– milk Nestlé.[18]
o In 1905, the companies merged to become the Nestlé and
Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, retaining that name
until 1947 when the name 'Nestlé Alimentana SA' was taken
as a result of the acquisition of Fabrique de
Produits Maggi SA (founded 1884) and its holding company,
Alimentana SA, of Kempttal, Switzerland. The company's
 current name was adopted in 1977. By the early 1900s, the
company was operating factories in the United States, the
United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain.[19] The First World
War created demand for dairy products in the form of
government contracts, and, by the end of the war, Nestlé's
production had more than doubled.

o A 1915 advertisement for "Nestlés Food", an early infant
formula
o In January 1919, Nestlé bought two condensed milk plants
in Oregon from the company Geibisch and Joplin for
$250,000. One was in Bandon, while the other was
in Milwaukie. They expanded them considerably, processing
250,000 pounds of condensed milk daily in the Bandon
plant.[20]
o After the war, government contracts dried up, and consumers
switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlé's management
responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt.
The 1920s saw Nestlé's first expansion into new products,
with chocolate-manufacture becoming the company's second
most important activity. Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937
when succeeded by Édouard Muller till his death in 1948.

o Nestlé felt the effects of the Second World War immediately.
Profits dropped from US$20 million in 1938 to US$6 million in
 1939.[citation needed]
Factories were established in developing
countries, particularly in South America.[22] Ironically, the war
helped with the introduction of the company's newest
product, Nescafé ("Nestlé's Coffee"), which became a staple
drink of the US military. Nestlé's production and sales rose in
the wartime economy.[22]
o The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic
phase for Nestlé. Growth accelerated and numerous
companies were acquired. In 1947 Nestlé merged with Maggi,
a manufacturer of seasonings and soups. Crosse &
Blackwell followed in 1950, as
did Findus (1963), Libby's (1971),
and Stouffer's (1973).[23] Diversification came under Chairman
& CEO Pierre Liotard-Vogt with a shareholding in L'Oreal in
1974 and the acquisition of Alcon Laboratories Inc. in 1977 for
280 million dollars.[24]
o In the 1980s, Nestlé's improved bottom line allowed the
company to launch further acquisitions. Carnation was
acquired for $3 billion USD in 1984 and brought
the evaporated milk brand, as well as Coffee-
Mate and Friskies to Nestlé. In 1986, the company
founded Nestlé Nespresso S.A.. The candy
company Rowntree Mackintosh was acquired in 1988 for
$4.5 billion, which brought brands such as Kit Kat, Smarties,
and Aero.[25]
 VISION
o To bring consumers foods that are safe, of high
quality and provide optimal nutrition to meet
physiological needs. In addition to Nutrition, Health
and Wellness, Nestlé products bring consumers the
vital ingredients of taste and pleasure.

 .MISSION
o Make better food so that people live a better life.
 TAGLINE

“Good Food, Good Life”

 Saint Joseph Institute of Technology,

Montilla Boulevard Corner Rosales Street,

Butuan City, 8600 Caraga.

ECO 1

(Basic Economics with Taxation and Agrarian Reform)

Submitted by:

Vergil B. Tingcoy

Submitted to:

Mrs. Jenny Lyn Tindugan-Nalupa, Ph.D,