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BAR /GANTT CHART

CC603  Develop by Henry Gantt.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT  Definitions
A graphical description of the project consisting of
well-defined collection of tasks.
 Activity
CHAPTER 3 An activity is a task or closely related group of tasks
SITE SUPERVISION AND ORGANISATION whose performance contributes to the completion of
the overall project. “Excavate Foundation”.

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CONSTRUCTION THE BAR CHART

BAR CHARTS ORGANIZATION
 the most simple and easiest way to produce a scheduling form in the  When constructing a bar chart, the following
construction industry.
 widely used due to its simplicity and multiple adaptations to
questions must be answered:
numerous events.
 A bar charts is formed with a list of activities, specifying the start
1. What time units should be used?
date, duration of the activity and completion date of each activity, and
then plotted into a the project time scale. The detailed level of the bar 2. Should work days or calendar days be used?
chart will depend on your project complexity and the intended use of 2. What about non continuous work?
the schedule.

 Additional information may be added to the basic

Item Activity
bar chart such as activity value, cost and resource
M10 Mobilization requirements.
Bars
(Month or Year)
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TYPE OF BAR CHART TYPE I BAR CHARTS

Type I Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Linear time-scaled for planning, Linear progress-
scaled for reporting
(a) Type I Plan Bar
 Assume the progress of the activity as a direct-linear
Jan Feb Mar Apr May
function of the elapsed time.
 For this example
Reporting date
 Five months were originally scheduled for this activity.
(b) Type I Reporting: Version 1
 Reporting date at 3rd month, 60% of the elapsed time.
 Activity behind by 10% “May or may not be true”. Jan Feb Mar Apr May

Reporting date

(c) Type I Reporting: Version 2

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TYPE OF BAR CHART (CONT.) TYPE II BAR CHARTS

Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Type II 0 10 30 50 80 100
Scheduled program
Original schedule
Time scaled for planning - Time scaled for
(a) Type II Plan Bar
reporting.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May
 Planned cumulative progress % are written at 0 10 30 50 80 100
Actual Time Work
the end of each time interval. 0 8 28 55
Actual Progress
Reporting date
 No linearity (b) Type II Reporting: Case 1
 the reporting bar gives no implication about Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
the actual progress. 0 10 30 50 80 100

0 8 28 55 75 90 96

Reporting
date
(b) Type II Reporting: Case 2
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES GANTT CHART

 Advantages
 Easy to prepare
 Easily understood by all parties
 It shows the total plan in impact form.
 Good communication tool
 Disadvantages
 Do not show interrelationships between activities Originated by H.L.Gantt in 1918

 Managing projects becomes difficult without those relationships Advantages Limitations

between activities - Gantt charts are quite commonly used. - Do not clearly indicate details regarding
They provide an easy graphical the progress of activities
 It is difficult to judge the impact of an unexpected event on the representation of when activities (might)
rest of the construction process take place. - Do not give a clear indication of
interrelation ship between the separate
activities
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CPM - CRITICAL PATH METHOD

BAR/GANTT CHART  Definition: In CPM activities are shown as a network of
precedence relationships using activity-on-node network
construction
 Single estimate of activity time
 Deterministic activity times

USED IN : Production management - for the jobs

of repetitive in nature where the activity time
estimates can be predicted with considerable
certainty due to the existence of past experience.

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CPM THE PROJECT NETWORK

 Use of nodes and arrows

These deficiencies can be eliminated to a large extent by showing the
interdependence of various activities by means of connecting Arrows  An arrow leads from tail to head directionally
arrows called network technique.  Indicate ACTIVITY, a time consuming effort that is required to perform a
part of the work.
 Overtime CPM became one technique

 ADVANTAGES: Nodes  A node is represented by a circle

 Precedence relationships  Indicate EVENT, a point in time where one or more activities start
 large projects
and/or finish.
 more efficient

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ACTIVITY ON NODE & ACTIVITY ON ARROW
Activity on Node
- A completion of an activity is
represented by a node
BENEFITS OF CPM
Activity on Arrow
 Useful at many stages of project
- An arrow represents a task,
while a node is the completion management
of a task
- Arrows represent order of  Mathematically simple
events
 Give critical path and slack time

 Provide project documentation

 Useful in monitoring costs

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LIMITATIONS TO CPM QUESTIONS ANSWERED BY CPM

 Clearly defined, independent and stable  Completion date?

activities  On Schedule?
 Specified precedence relationships
 Within Budget?
 Over emphasis on critical paths
 Critical Activities?

 How can the project be finished early

at the least cost?

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EXAMPLE
Duration and finance budget expenditure to carry every activity for one

NETWORK ANALYSIS DIAGRAM BY USING ARROW ACTIVITY

construction project were as follows: 4

Activity Event Duration (Week) Budget
Expenditure 6 10
F
(RM) C
A 1-2 2 32,000.00
B 1-3 6 40,000.00 1 A 2 D 5 G 6

C 2-4 4 38,000.00
0 0 2 4 9 9 12 12
D 2-5 5 45,000.00
E
E 3-5 3 30,000.00 B

F 4-6 2 26,000.00 3
G 5-6 3 17,000.00
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a) Prepare the network analysis diagram by using arrow activity.
b) List Early Start Time, Early Finish Time (EFT), Late Start Time (LST) and Late Finish Time (LFT)
c) Prepare a bar chart based on network results of the analysis that was achieved.

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LIST EARLY START TIME, EARLY FINISH TIME (EFT),

LATE START TIME (LST) AND LATE FINISH TIME (LFT) Prepare bar chart based on network results of the analysis that achieved

Activity Event Duration EST EFT LST LFT

A 1-2 2 0 2 2 4

B 1-3 6 0 6 0 6

C 2-4 4 2 6 6 10

D 2-5 5 2 7 4 9

E 3-5 3 6 9 6 9

F 4-6 2 6 8 10 12

G 5-6 3 9 12 9 12

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DUTIES OF A TECHNICIAN AND ASSISTANT

ENGINEER
 Develop or assist in preparing engineering designs and drawings
from preliminary concepts and sketches;
 Goal setting and immediate action  Prepare construction specifications, cost and material estimates,
 Selecting team members project schedules and reports;
 Supervise or conduct field surveys, inspections or technical
 Give full attention investigations of topography, soils, drainage and water supply
systems, road and highway systems, buildings and structures to
 Setting the rules provide data for engineering projects;
 Inspection and testing of construction materials;
 Setting tasks and goals  May supervise, monitor and inspect construction projects.
 Facts and information  Most engineering technicians and technologists work a standard
workweek in a laboratory, office or construction site depending on
 Spend more time together the nature of the work.
 Potential work hazards include such things as shocks or falling
 Exploit energy debris.

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THE DUTY OF A TECHNICIAN OR A SITE
SUPERVISOR.
 Provide administrative supervision by approving
effort reports, approving leave of requests, and
administering other company policies.
 Determine work schedules.
 Provide performance management including
periodic evaluations, goal-setting and creating
professional development plans.
 Conduct regular status and planning meetings.
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THE SITE DIARY
 a site diary for construction projects. Site diary is used to save day-to-
day site activities. Site diary can then be used as a contemporaneous
record of events and is a written description of what happened at the
time.
Site diaries also need to be kept for use for claims/disputes, or mid

project to verify health and safety audits/inspections, quality
inspections and progress reports.
 inspection and visit by architects, telecommunication and electrical
consultant, safety officer, local authorities and technical department.
 Determine that reports on work defect and recommendation
 Identify types, condition, safety and number of machinery
Identify that the contractor update labourer on working permit and

available upon request
Identify the validity of working permits

 Perform spot check at “Rumah kongsi” condition for cleanliness
 Enquiry sufficiency on shortage/ surplus of site workers
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