LTE In-building Deployment Case Study

- for iBwave Seminar Taipei Section

Jay Huang
December 2015
 Outline
• Why indoor coverage is essential for LTE deployment?
• 3 cases study for LTE in-building deployment
• Wave-In SDAS solution highlight
• How to choose cost-effective solution for for your indoor
environment?
• Benefit of using iBwave for in-building solution deployment
 Why Indoor Coverage is
Essential for LTE Deployment?
 Analysis report indicates …
indoor dominate data usage
• Analysis report indicated more than 80 percent of data happened
at indoor environment.

In-building service become key differentiate point for LTE operator

 Video dominates mobile data service
Mobile data traffic by application type
(monthly ExaBytes) 13x
20 Segment growth in mobile video traffic
18
File sharing
Video
between 2013 and 2019
Audio
16 Web browsing
Social networking
14 Software download and update
Other encrypted
12
Other

10

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

2
Source: Ericsson Consumer Lab (2013)

Two key environment for

video APP: Transportation
and in-building venue
 Is your indoor meet video APP
requirement?

QPSK

16QAM 64QAM

How to resolve the challenge for LTE in-

building design? How to enlarge the video
APP coverage (16QAM+64QAM) +MIMO to
satisfy customer need?
3 Case Study for LTE In-
building Deployment
 Indoor Opportunities

Case study today

 Case 1: Cipinang Indah Mall Indonesia
• iBwave Simulation assumption
• Coverage Scale : CIPINANG Indah Mall LG floor, 150m x 110m, total
16500m^2.
• In-building design:
• Passive SISO is designed by SI (Winet); Passive MIMO is simulated by Wave-In
• Active MIMO is designed by Wave-In (1.8GHz & 2.3GHz)
• Note that simulation result might have offset due to limited interior material
info. ; however, the results are good enough for performance comparison.
 Indoor Design Architecture
Passive DAS System architecture (SISO) Active Slim DAS System architecture
- Enable MIMO support, need to double cabling (MIMO support)
& antenna

RF

fiber

LG Floor
 Simulation Result
Passive DAS – Avg. RSRP -81.6dBm Active Slim DAS LTE FDD 1.8Ghz
– Avg. RSRP -78.5dBm

RSRP simulation result – LTE TDD-2.3GHz RSRP simulation result – LTE TDD-2.3GHz
Active S-DAS – Avg. RSRP -82.4dBm Active S-DAS – Avg. RSRP -80.9dBm
 HEU Installation

RF cable connect to Hauwei RRH

20dB
Terminator
coupler

Wave-In HEU
RF cable to
HEU
HEU connect to Hauwei RRH through 20 dB coupler because this trial is temporary site; RRH output
is 43dBm (20W) but Wave-In HEU input signal spec. can up to 30dBm;
Suggest adjust RRH output to 25-30dBm for permanent install and direct connect to HEU to avoid
20dB link budget loss on DL/UL for higher performance (affect SINR)
RAU Installation
 SDAS Status Web GUI
Clean fiber connect
reduce fiber loss

RAU output adjust from 20 to 21; UL gain 6 dB

UL gain set 6dB to compensate 20dB coupler loss

 Baseline Test : Passive DAS
• Test date: Oct 19 PM 11:00 - 12:00 (No traffic condition)
• Test Environment: CIPINANG INDAH MALL
• Test Equipment: Samsung J5 + Speed test APP + G-Track APP
• Test Point: As above figure shown

Oct 19 2015 Speed test plus Q-track (Passive baseline 9:30 - 10:30

DL Tput Mbps UL Tput Mbps PING ms RSRP SINR RSRQ

P1 52.87 9.85 17 -68 28.6 -7

P2 12.98 5.98 16 -86 6 -11

P3 25.95 9.12 14 -82 7 -9

P4 22.09 8.97 19 -78 20.6 -8

P5 28.22 9.51 17 -80 18.4 -7

P6 40.78 9.26 18 -80 22 -7

P7 46.16 9.37 16 -77 19.4 -7

P8 42.75 5.81 14 -80 21.8 -7

P9 52.86 9.17 14 -80 24.4 -7

P10 51.37 7.89 16 -85 23.2 -7

P11 39.84 6.04 15 -88 15.8 -7

P12 27.17 6.39 16 -87 13.6 -7

P13 27.76 7.13 18 -87 14 -9

P14 49.54 9.45 18 -83 19 -7

P15 52.95 9.61 15 -71 30 -7

P18 52.87 9.25 14 -75 30 -6

P19 52.78 8.87 14 -77 30 -6

Average 39.94 8.33 15.94 -80.24 20.22 -7.41

Wave-In SDAS Performance Test
Oct 21 2015 Speed test plus Q-track (Wave-In + external antenna + PA adjustment ) 11 pm

DL Tput Mbps UL Tput Mbps PING ms RSRP SINR RSRQ Comment

P1 72.6 4.51 18 -77 17 -7

P2 33.66 6.97 17 -79 17.2 -8

P3 30.2 5.94 16 -76 8 -8

P4 30.69 5.98 18 -80 12.7 -7

P5 38.55 6.04 15 -79 13.8 -8

P6 48.18 6.02 19 -73 15.1 -7

P7 61.65 4.7 18 -74 19 -6

P8 67.26 6.28 16 -77 17.2 -7

P9 74.23 6.5 19 -68 20.6 -7

P10 78.26 5.9 21 -75 18.4 -7

P11 76.64 8.21 18 -76 21 -7

P12 80.38 8.43 17 -71 24.8 -6

P13 78.33 6.19 18 -77 19 -6

P14 75.35 8.89 17 -67 22 -7

Average 60.43 6.47 17.64 -74.93 17.56 -7.00

No Carrefour area test data due to site access issue in the midnight
Because of MIMO, SDAS DL performance ~ 60Mbps compared to passive SISO ~39Mbps
UL performance degradation because of 20dB link budget loss for coupler.
 RAU Installation Inside Carrefour
• Install two RAU inside Carrefour as figure shown.

Antenna

Antenna

RAU
Test Result Under 2 Carrefour Antenna
Antenna 2: P16 Antenna 1: P22
Test on Oct 25 2015 AM Test on Oct 25 2015 AM
 Simulation vs Actual Measurement
RSRP simulation result – LTE TDD-2.3GHz RSRP Actual Measurement – LTE TDD-2.3GHz
Active S-DAS – Avg. RSRP -80.9 dBm Active S-DAS – Avg. RSRP -78.17 dBm

Cross check between simulation vs actual measurement indicated our simulation result
approach 90% of accuracy within 3dB
In addition, our SDAS performance outperform simulation tool expectation which is the
indication of high quality active DAS system
Comparison for Passive & Active DAS
Traditional Passive SISO DAS Wave-In S-DAS
Schedule M day 1/2 M day (estimated by project team)

Construction plus
N <N (estimated by BOM study)
material cost
Supported BTS Macro Macro/pico/femto
SISO only; Voice oriented design Data oriented design (MIMO)
Degrade gradually in upper floor >1.5 times performance ratio compare
with passive SISO DAS

Performance

E2E monitoring
Features Environment sensing
Auto-optics/RF calibration
 Case 2: Retail Store Enable CA
• Carrier Aggregation is a key feature for iPhone 6S and other high-end smart
phone.
• Instead of allocate two RRH (700MHz + 1800MHz) into retail store to enable
CA feature; using SDAS solution connect outdoor site nearby is a cost
effective solution.

Lab test indicated that SDAS can help carrier

enable CA with cost effective way (20Mbps
+15Mbps)
 Site Configuration

Outdoor Antenna

LTE-1.8G 1/2 inch coaxial cable

LTE-700M
Fiber

FET Tainan Retail

RAU 1.8G
1:20
directional RAU 700M
coupler

HEU FD 700M
HEU FD 1.8G

HEU Located with outdoor RRH

Use SDAS RAU as a PA to push passive DAS design
Site Installation - HEU

FET L700 RRH

Wave-In 700
& 1800 HEU

1:20 coupler

FET L1800 RRH

 Site Installation - RAU
Fiber out to RAU1800MHz

Passive Antenna Disconnect L700 RRH

Combiner

Fiber out to RAU 700Mhz

Wave-In
1800RAU Wave-In
700RAU

Disconnect L1800 RRH

Wave-In SDAS Web GUI 700MHz
Fiber loss 0.8 dB

BTS input 25dBm after 20

dB coupler (TX~ 46dBm)

RAU TX 21 dBm
Trial Test Result (700MHz/1800MHz)

b. Retail store

a. Office

RAU installation area

10MHz+10MHz CA spectrum means spectrum efficiency ~ 5 bps/Hz; Test results showed

SDAS can enable DL/UL CA in operator retail store to provide cost-effective solution
 Case 3: HSR Coverage
• SDAS is a good solution for HSR station, tunnel and MRT
underground coverage.
 HSR Taoyuan Station Coverage
• Design Criteria:
• BBU and RRH located in Building 1, use Wave-In SDAS to extend
LTE signal into train tunnel.
• Need to carry FET and CHT 1800MHz LTE signal
• RAU need outdoor type
Underground tunnel

BBU, RRU and Wave-

In HEU

Fiber
Wave-In RAU
 HSR Taoyuan Station Coverage
• Coverage area from TK041+900 ~ TK044+340
• About 2km 440 tunnel use 5 RAU to cover
• Need to consider train speed for no stop (~200Km/Hr) and stop service.
• KPI: 95% RSRP>95dBm; peak data rate spectrum efficiency >3.5

TK041+280 TK042+285 TK045+249 N S

Taiyuan HSR Station

8.桃園車站隧道&引道 892 & 2269

TK041+172~042+064 : 3.6km
&TK042+506~044+775

B202
2 Handover region
TK045+249
TK042+100

TK043+000

TK041+900 B236 TK043+500 TK044+340

1 5 4
HSR Taoyuan Station SDAS Design
• For performance consideration, assume non stop train speed >200Km/Hr,
Wave-In design 1HEU to 2RAU in this case for better link budget margin.
• Even though, Wave-In SDAS can relay two operator signal using one set
of equipment, due to operator consideration on equipment property right,
Wave-In design a system diagram as following:

3m 10m 3m
OMC
N S
CHT BBU+RRH
CHT FET
2
HEU#1

HEU#2

HEU#3
3m 10m 3m

FET BBU+RRH

CHT FET

HEU#4 3
3m 10m 3m 3m 10m 3m 3m 10m 3m
HEU#5

HEU#6
CHT FET CHT FET CHT FET

1 5 4
 Wave-In HEU Installation
CHT 1800MHz RRH
FET 1800MHz RRH

Wave-In HEU for FET Wave-In HEU for CHT

 Wave-In RAU & Antenna Installation

Antenna for CHT Antenna for FET

Wave-In outdoor type

Wave-In HEU for CHT
HEU for FET
Wave-In SDAS Web GUI

large fiber loss 2.7dB ==> need to revisit the site

RAU output power 21 dBm

 Performance Snapshot (FET)
2

B202

TK042+100

P2
P3

P1 P5 P4
TK043+000
3

TK041+900 B236
TK043+500 TK044+340

1 5 4

P2 - 東正線北側逃生梯 P3 - TK043+000 直達
P1 - TK041+900 P4 - TK044+230 P5 - TK043+300
　 口 (B202前) 車道旁
DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL
RSSI -53.9 -52.9 -44.1 -46.7 -43.5 -42.8 -44 -47.8 -50 -48.5
RSRP -82.6 -77.5 -73.9 -70.4 -73.2 -66.5 -74 -71.5 -78.3 -72.4
RSRQ -11.7 -7.7 -12.8 -6.73 -12.6 -6.74 -12 -6.75 -11.4 -7
DL T-put 32.9 　 41.6 　 48.7 　 57.1 　 44 　
UL T-put 　 18.4 　 21.5 　 17.3 　 18.7 　 18.4

Speed test result and optimization under process

Wave-In Comm. Slim DAS
Solution
 FDD Slim DAS Spec. (Indoor)
HEU (Head End Unit)

Dimensions (L x W x H mm ) (218 x 160 x 42 )

Operating Temp Range 0oC to +45oC

Power Input POE:48V/1A max.

RF Input Interface N Type Female x 2

RF Input Power 10~32dBm

Input Return Loss Min. 14dB

Optical Interface SC/APC x 2

No. RAUs/ Link Max. 3

RAU (Remote Antenna Unit)

Dimensions (L x W x H mm ) (230 x 142.x 80)

Operating Temp Range 0oC to +45oC

Power Input POE: 48V/1A max

Optical Interface SC/APC x 2

External Antenna (Optional) SMA Female x 2

RF Return Loss 10dB typical

Downlink Output Power (MIMO) ~ 21 dBm (64QAM ;3%<EVM)

Antenna Gain (option) 4 dBi

 FDD Slim DAS Spec. (Outdoor)
HEU (Head End Unit)

Dimensions (L x W x H mm ) (218 x 160 x 42)

Operating Temp Range 0oC to +45oC

Power Input POE:48V/1A max.

RF Input Interface N Type Female x 2

RF Input Power 10~32dBm

Input Return Loss Min. 14dB

Optical Interface SC/APC x 2

No. RAUs/ Link Max. 3

RAU (Remote Antenna Unit)

Dimensions (L x W x H mm ) (240 x 240 x 7)

Operating Temp Range 0oC to +55oC

Power Input POE: 48V/1A max

Optical Interface LC/APC x 1

External Antenna SMA Female x 2

RF Return Loss 10dB typical

Downlink Output Power (MIMO) ~ 23 dBm (64QAM ;3%<EVM)

Antenna gain (optional) 12 dBi

Slim DAS System Configuration
 Source/Technology Independent
• Source vendor independent.
• Technology Independent: For example Band 3 DAS support
LTE & GSM; Band 1 DAS support WCDMA & LTE.
• Macro/Pico/Femto dynamic input range support (10dBm
~30dBm).
• Output power adjustable and end node extension support.
 Single Fiber for MIMO
• Different than other active DAS, we design single fiber to
support MIMO and DL/UL both on FDD and TDD model.
• In old building like below, pipe are small and lack of space,
you can use 1/2” pipe to deploy Wave-In Solution
 Daisy & Hybrid Topology
• Daisy and hybrid topology give you the most flexible
configuration compare the other star topology active DAS.

Layout
change
 Auto-Optics/RF Calibration
• Auto-Optics/RF calibration feature fine tune fiber and RF link
budget to facilitate fiber lose check when initial setting or
configuration change.
• Easy for initial setting, re-configuration and monitoring; note
that during auto-calibration process, the system also detect and
report fiber loss value.

Auto Calibration Process

 Environment Sensing
• UL band environment sensing help in-band and adjacent-band
NI scan to guarantee end user QoE.
• Periodic or by commend reporting.

Background noise
Co-channel

Jamming

Adjacent channel
Single Band Multi Carrier Support
• Co-Construction capability:
• Wave-In DAS system can support up to 4 multi-carrier
simultaneously.
• Note that RAU TX power will evenly split; for example 3
operator each operator RAU TX become 23dBm -4.7dB
~18.3dBm (64QAM MIMO <3% EVM).
 Wave-In SDAS Solution
Key Differentiated Point
1. Single fiber support for MIMO.
2. Daisy chain & hybrid topology for deployment flexibility.
3. Auto-Optics/RF calibration for easy installation (A).
4. Environment sensing for troubleshooting and monitoring (B).
5. Single-band multi-operator support for co-construction (C).
A B C
!
NCC TA
How to choose cost-effective
solution for your indoor
environment?
LTE Possible In-building Solution
Repeater for
Indoor
Poor performance on interference and MIMO support issues

Backhaul, Interference and HENET integration issues

Small cell for
Indoor
Expensive OPEX in terms of backhaul and HENET integration

Performance depends on cabling (Especially UL)

Passive
Distributed
Antenna Poor performance on MIMO support issues
System DAS
No active monitor system

Vendor & technology dependent technology

Vendor BBU
+RRU+DAS RF over CAT 5/6 limit distance and MIMO performance

Expensive OPEX and CAPEX

Active Active E2E monitor system support
Distributed
Antenna Evenly distributed performance and optimized for MIMO
System DAS
Cost Effective OPEX & CAPEX

Active DAS solution play an important role for LTE in building deployment
Indoor Deployment Consideration for LTE
Yes

Multi-system? WiFi

No
Small Cell
Capacity? Residential
Area Small Cell
Capacity+ Coverage? +DAS
Solution Radio DOT

Business RRH+DAS
Coverage?
District
Repeater
1:1

Multi-hole? 1:M
DAS
 Indoor Deployment Consideration
Small cell? Passive DAS? Active DAS?
• By ALU small cell vs DAS white paper TOC analysis, here is the
capacity & coverage guideline to choose solution.
• Single floor environment : small cell (<1000m^2)
• 2-6 floor building: RRH + passive DAS (<3000 m^2)
• 6-15 floor building: RRH + active DAS (<10000m^2)
•
The following>15
tablefloor building
provides a guide asor
to airport
technologyshopping
fit and use. mall: n* Node B + active DAS

Table 2. Guide to DAS and small cells fit

SMALL TO LARGE SINGLE 2-5 FLOOR 5-10 FLOOR 10-20 FLOOR OVER AIRPORT,
MEDIUM FLOOR FLOOR BUILDING BUILDING BUILDING BUILDING 20-FLOOR SHOPPING
BUILDING (FACTORY) BUILDING MALLS
(RESTAURANT,
SHOP)
Indoor small cell 1 1 to 2 2 to 4 per floor depending on storey size, morphology and capacity
Node B with DAS Not cost Not cost 1 Sector 1-2 Sectors 2-4 Sectors >4 Sectors >4 Sectors
effective effective
RRH with DAS Not cost Not cost 1 RRU 1-2 RRU (*) 2-4 RRU (*) >4 RRU (*) >4 RRU (*)
effective effective
RF repeater with DAS If low traffic Insufficient capacity If low traffic
DAS type Small to medium area or 1-5 floors: Passive DAS
Large area and more than 5 floors: Active DAS
 Benefit of using iBwave
• LTE indoor deployment strategy need to consider a lot of factor
• MIMO zone

• APP coverage
• CA coverage

• …

• Plus a lot of indoor solution suitable for different environment

• A planning & simulation tool like iBwave can facilitate IBS project work.
• iBwave did help Wave-In on following aspects
• Support varieties of IBS solution simulation for TCO evaluation on
pre-sales stage.
• Accurate design and simulation before installation.

• Accurate material BOM for project preparation.

• Trouble shoot tool for RF performance guidance & project acceptance.