1 MÉTODO DE HORNER

1.1 EJEMPLO 1: x3 − 2x2 − 11

a
3<x<4 x = 3+
10
a
x−3=
10
1 -2 0 -11 3
3 3 9
1 1 3 -2
3 12
1 4 15
3
1 7

p(x) = −2 + 15(x − 3) + 7(x − 3)2 + (x − 3)3

a a a
p(x) = −2 + 15( ) + 7( )2 + ( )3
10 10 10
p(a) = a3 + 70a2 + 1500a − 2000
b
1<a<2 a=1+
10
b
x−3=
10
1 70 1500 -2000 1
1 71 1571
1 71 1571 -429
1 72
1 72 1643
1
1 73

p(a) = −429 + 1643(a − 1) + 73(a − 1)2 + (a − 1)3

b b b
p(a) = −429 + 1643( ) + 7( )2 + ( )3
10 10 10
p(b) = b3 + 730b2 + 164300b − 429000
c
2<b<3 b=2+
10
c
b−2=
10
entonces:
a
x=3+
10
b
1+
x=3+ 10
10
1 b
x=3+ +
10 100
c
1 2+
x=3+ + 10
10 100
1 2 c
x=3+ +
10 100 1000
x ≈ 3.12

1
1.2 EJEMPLO 2: x4 + 5x3 − 3x2 − 8x − 13
a
−6 < x < −5 x = −6 +
10
a
x+6=
10
1 5 -3 -8 -13 -6
-6 -6 -18 156
1 -1 3 -26 143
-6 42 -270
1 -7 45 -296
-6 78
1 -13 123
-6
1 -19

p(x) = 143 − 296(x + 6) + 123(x + 6)2 − 19(x + 6)3 + (x + 6)4

a a a a
p(x) = 143 − 296( ) + 123( )2 − 19( )3 + (
10 10 10 10)
a4 − 190a3 + 12300a2 − 296000a + 1430000
b
6<a<7 a=6+
10
b
a−6=
10
1 -190 12300 -296000 -1430000 6
6 -1104 67176 -1372944
1 -184 11196 -228324 57056
6 -1068 60778
1 -178 10128 -168056
6 -1032
1 -172 9096
6
1 -166

p(a) = 57056 − 168056(a − 6) + 9096(a − 6)2 − 166(a − 6)3 + (a − b)4

b b b b
p(a) = 57056 − 168056( ) + 9096( )2 − 166( )3 + (
10 10 10 10
p(b) = b4 − 1660b3 + 909600b2 − 168056000b + 570560000
c
3<b<4 b=3+
10
c
b−3=
10
entonces:
a
x = −6 +
10
b
6+
x = −6 + 10
10
6 b
x = −6 + +
10 100
c
6 6+
x = −6 + + 10
10 100

2
 6 6 c
x = −6 + +
10 100 1000

x ≈ −5.37

1.3 EJEMPLO 3: x3 + 2x2 − 5x + 3

a
−4 < x < −3 x = −4 +
10
a
x+4=
10
1 2 -5 3 -4
-4 8 -12
1 -2 3 9
-4 24
1 -6 27
-4
1 -10

p(x) = 9 + 27(x + 4) − 10(x − 3)2 + (x − 4)3

a a a
p(x) = 9 + 27( ) − 10( )2 + ( )3
10 10 10
p(a) = a3 − 100a2 + 2700a + 9000
b
3<a<4 a=3+
10
b
a−3=
10
1 -100 2700 9000 3
3 -291 7227
1 -97 2409 -1773
3 -282
1 –94 2127
3
1 -91

p(a) = −1773 + 2127(a − 3) − 91(a − 3)2 + (a − 3)3

b b b
p(a) = −1773 + 2127( ) − 91( )2 + ( )3
10 10 10
p(b) = b3 + 910b2 + 212700b − 1773000
c
8<b<9 b=8+
10
c
b−8=
10
entonces:
a
x = −4 +
10
b
3+
x = −4 + 10
10
3 b
x = −4 + +
10 100

3
 c
3 8+
x = −4 + + 10
10 100
3 8 c
x = −4 + + +
10 100 1000
x ≈ −3.62

1.4 EJEMPLO 4: x4 − 5x + 3
a
0<x<1 x=
10
a a a a
p(x) = 3 − 5( ) + ( )2 + ( )3 ( )4
10 10 10 10
p(x) = a4 + a3 + a2 − 5000a + 30000
b
6<a<7 a=6+
10
b
a−6=
10
1 1 1 -5000 30000
6 42 258 -28452 6
1 7 43 -4742 1548
6 78 726
1 13 121 -4016
6 114
1 19 235
6
1 25

p(a) = 1548 − 4016(a − 6) + 235(a − 6)2 + 25(a − 6)3 + (a − 6)4

b b b b
p(a) = 1548 − 4016( ) + 235( )2 + 25( )3 + ( )4
10 10 10 10
c
3<b<4 b=3+
10
entonces:
a
x=
10
b
6+
x= 10
10
6 b
x= +
10 100
c
6 3+
x= + 10
10 100
6 3 c
x= + +
10 100 1000
x ≈ 0.63