Chapter 3-The Parabola 3 PDF

Chapter 3: The Parabola
SSMth1: Precalculus
Science and Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics (STEM)
Mr. Migo M. Mendoza
Chapter 3: The Parabola
 Lecture 7: Introduction to Parabola
 Lecture 8: Converting General Form of a
Parabola to Its Standard Form and Vice-Versa
 Lecture 9: The Graph of Parabola with Vertex at
the Origin
 Lecture 10: The Graph of Parabola with Vertex
at (h, k)
 Lecture 11: The Parabola and the Tangent Line
 Lecture 12: Some Applications of Parabola
TED Ed Video Number 3:
 The Math Behind
Michael Jordan’s
Legendary Hang Time
by Andy Peterson and
Zack Patterson
Lecture 7: Introduction to
Parabola
SSMth1: Precalculus
Mr. Migo M. Mendoza
A Short Recap…
 From our previous
lesson about conic section,
how does a parabola
formed?
A Short Recap…
A parabola is graph
of what kind of
function?
Classroom Task Number 4:
Using the figure on
the next slide, give your
own definition of a
parabola.
Parabola to You: “Look at Me, How Do You Define Me?”
The Definition of Parabola
 A parabola is the set of
all points in a plane
equidistant from a fixed
point and a fixed line.
The Focus and the Directrix
The fixed point is
called the focus and the
fixed line is called the
directrix.
The Graph of the Parabola
Something to think about…
 What do you think are the
roles of the focus and the
directrix in the graph of a
parabola?
Type 1: Parabola Opening Upward
Whenever the directrix
is below the focus, then
the parabola opens
upward.
Type 2: Parabola Opening Downward
is above the focus, then
the parabola opens
downward.
Type 3: Parabola Opening to the Right
is on the left side of the
focus, then the parabola
opens to the right.
Type 4: Parabola Opening to the Left
is on the right side of the
focus, then the parabola
opens to the left.
The Vertex and the Axis of Symmetry
 The vertex of the parabola is the
midpoint of the perpendicular
segment from the focus to the
directrix, while the line that passes
through the vertex and focus is the
axis of symmetry.
 What condition will
guarantee that the vertex is
exactly the midpoint of the
perpendicular segment from
focus to the directrix?
Parabola to You: “Look at Me, How Do You Define Me?”
 When we say an image/
an object is symmetric,
what do we mean by that?
The Latus Rectum
 The line segment through the
focus perpendicular to the axis of
symmetry is called the latus
rectum whose length is 4c.
Did you know?
 The word “latus rectum” (singular,
plural: latera recta) came from a Latin
word “latus” which means “line or
side” and “rectum” which means
“straight.” So, the its English
translation is “straight line” or
“straight side.”
 What do you think is the
relationship of latus
rectum to the directrix?
Why is it called a
"latus rectum"? What
do you think its
purpose?
The Focal Length
 The focal length is the
undirected distance
between the vertex and
focus in this case c.
Derive the formula of the
Parabola Opening to the
Right having the Vertex at
the Origin
Parabola Opening to the Right having the Vertex at the Origin (0, 0)
Our Equation:
 Using the definition, we will use the
equation below to derive the formula:
d1  d 2
Formula of the Parabola Opening to the Right having the Vertex at the Origin
 Formula of the Parabola Opening to the

Right having the Vertex at the Origin:
y  4cx 2
 Derive the formula of the
Parabola Opening
Upward having the Vertex
at the Origin
Parabola Opening Upward having the Vertex at the Origin (0, 0)
Our Equation:
 Using the definition, we will use the
equation below to derive the formula:
d1  d 2
Formula of the Parabola Opening Upward having the Vertex at the Origin
 Formula of the Parabola Opening

Upward having the Vertex at the Origin
x  4cy2
Performance Task 6:
 Using the definition of the parabola,
its parts and its graph, derive the
formulae for the following:
o Parabola Opening Downward having
the Vertex at the Origin; and
o Parabola Opening to the Left having the
Vertex at the Origin.
Lecture 8: Converting General
Form to Standard Form of a Parabola
SSMth1: Precalculus
Mr. Migo M. Mendoza
Learning Expectations:
 This section presents how
to convert form of a parabola
to its standard form and vice-
versa.
The General and Standard Equations of the Parabola
Vertex General Form Standard Form
(0, 0) y  Dx  F  0
2
y  4cx
2
y  4cx
2
x 2  Ey  F  0 x  4cy
2
x  4cy
2
(h, k) y 2  Dx  Ey  F  0 ( y  k ) 2  4c( x  h)
( y  k ) 2  4c( x  h)
x 2  Dx  Ey  F  0 ( x  h) 2  4c( y  k )
( x  h) 2  4c( y  k )
Example 21:
 Convert the general equations to
standard form:
y  12 x  2 y  25  0
2
2 x  12 x  y  16  0
2
Final Answer:
 The standard forms of the given
general equations are:
( y  1)  12 ( x  2)
2
1
( x  3)  ( y  2)
2
2
Example 22:
 Convert the standard equations
to general form:
( y  3)  7( x  8)
2
( x  2)  8( y  5)
2
Final Answer:
 The general forms of the given
standard equations are:
y  7 x  6 y  65  0
2
x  4 x  8 y  44  0
2
Performance Task 7:
Please download, print
and answer the “Let’s
Practice 7.” Kindly work
independently.
Lecture 9: The Graph of the
Parabola with Vertex at the Origin
SSMth1: Precalculus
Mr. Migo M. Mendoza
The Parts of the Graph of the Parabola with Vertex at the Origin
Endpoints
Standard Axis of
Focus Directrix of Latus Graph
Equation Symmetry
Rectum
y 2  4cx (c, 0) x = -c x-axis

E1 (c, 2c) Opening to
E2 (c, -2c) the Right
y 2  4cx (-c, 0) x = c x-axis

E1 (-c, 2c) Opening to
E2 (-c, -2c) the Left
x  4cy (0, c)
2 E1 (2c, c) Opening
y = -c y-axis E2 (-2c, c) Upward
x 2  4cy (0, -c) y = c y-axis

E1 (2c, -c) Opening
E2 (-2c, -c) Downward
To understand where the coordinates
of each part of the graph of the parabola
with vertex at the origin V (0, 0) derived
from, show it to the class using the graph
of the parabola opening upward.
Example 22:
Sketch and discuss:
x  8y
2
Supply the Table:
Vertex:
Focus:
Axis of Symmetry:
Directrix:
Length of Latus Rectum:
Endpoints of Latus Rectum:

Example 23:
 Find the equation of the
parabola with vertex at
(0, 0) and focus at
(0, 3 4).
Supply the Table:
Vertex:
Focus:
Axis of Symmetry:
Directrix:

Performance Task 8:
independently.
Lecture 10: The Graph of the
Parabola with Vertex at (h, k)
SSMth1: Precalculus
Mr. Migo M. Mendoza
The Parts of the Graph of the Parabola with Vertex at the (h, k)
Axis of Endpoints of Latus

Standard Equation Focus Directrix Symmetry Rectum Graph
E1 (h+c, k+2c) Opening to

( y  k )  4c( x  h)
2 (h+c, k) x = h-c y=k
E2 (h+c, k-2c) the Right
E1 (h-c, k+2c) Opening to
( y  k )  4c( x  h)
2
(h-c, k) x = h+c y = k
the Left
E2 (h-c, k-2c)
E1 (h+2c, k+c)
( x  h) 2  4c( y  k ) (h, k+c) y = k-c x = h Opening
Upward
E2 (h-2c, k+c)
( x  h) 2  4c( y  k ) (h, k-c) y = k+c x = h
E1 (h+2c, k-c) Opening
E2 (h-2c, k-c) Downward
To understand where the
coordinates of each part of the graph
of the parabola with vertex at V (h, k)
derived from, show it to the class
using the graph of the parabola
opening to the right.
Example 24:
 Reduce the general equation
y  4 x  6 y  11  0 standard form.
2
Determine the vertex, focus, directrix,

axis of symmetry, length of latus rectum
and its endpoints and sketch the graph.
Supply the Table:
Vertex:
Focus:
Axis of Symmetry:
Directrix:

Example 25:
 Find the general equation of
the parabola with vertex at
(3, 6) and focus at (3, 4).
Sketch the graph.
Final Answer:
 Thus, general equation of the
parabola is
x  6 x  8 y  37  0.
2
Example 26:
 Find the general equation of
the parabola with vertex at
(2, 1) and directrix x = 5.
Sketch the graph.
Final Answer:
 Thus, general equation of the
parabola is
y  12 x  2 y  23  0.
2
Performance Task 9:
independently.
Lecture 11: The Parabola and
the Tangent Line
SSMth1: Precalculus
Mr. Migo M. Mendoza
Learning Expectations:
 This section illustrates the
tangent line to a parabola and
a line that pass through two
points of the parabola.
A Review:
 Aside from what we have
discussed about the introduction
to parabola, what is another way
of writing the general equation of
a parabola?
The General Equation of a Parabola
 The General Equation of a
Parabola is:
Ax  Bx  C  0
2
Did you know?
 A quadratic equation
denoted by Ax  Bx  C  0 ,
2
contains one and only one

solution if B  4 AC  0.
2
The Parabola and the Tangent Line
Example 27:
 Find the equation of the
tangent line to
y  12 x
2
at the point (-3, 6).

 Based on our previous discussion
about a line tangent to the circle,
what relationship exists between the
tangent line, the point of tangency PT (-
3, 6) and the equation of the parabola
y  12 x .
2
What we knew:
 We can use our prior knowledge about our
lesson about tangent to a circle. That is, if a line is
tangent to a parabola, then they shared a common
point which is the point of tangency denoted by PT
(-3, 6). This common point is one of the infinitely
many points of the tangent line and the parabola
, y  12 x which can make both of their
2
equations true once substituted.

 Since we all knew that the point PT (-3, 6)
is one of the infinitely many points of the
tangent line, it is associated with linear
equations, and we were asked to look for its
equation, which among the five forms of
linear equations can we use in determining its
equation?
What we know:
 We can use the point slope form to
determine the equation of the tangent
line denoted by:
 y  y1   mx  x1 
where x1 is -3 and y1 is 6.
 Since the value of slope
denoted by m is unknown, what
can we do to find its value to
finally complete the equation of
the tangent line?
 What method can we use
to simplify:
mx  3m  6 2
 12 x ?
 How to simplify
mx  3m  6 using square
2
of trinomial?
 To simplify mx  3m  6   12 x ,
2
we can use FOIL method given

three terms denoted by:
a  b  c  2ab  2ac  2bc
2 2 2
 What idea/ theorem can we
use to ensure that we can only
have one value of slope denoted
by m?
To Ensure We Can Have One and Only One Slope:
 A quadratic equation
denoted by Ax  Bx  C  0 ,
2
contains one and only one

solution if B  4 AC  0.
2
Final Answer:
 Thus, the tangent line is
x  y  3  0.
Example 28:
 Find the points of
intersection between the
parabola y  4 x  8 y  16  0 and the
2
line x  y  4  0. Sketch the

graph.
Take Note:
 These points of intersection we are about to
compute are two of infinitely many points of both the
parabola and the line. Moreover, they are solutions
that will make the two equations true. When we say
we are to find the points of intersection, it is same as
to say we are to find the solutions to the given
equations. To determine these two points of
intersection, it is more convenient to
use substitution method.
Final Answer:
Thus, the points of
intersection are
(-4, 0) and (0, 4).
Performance Task 10:
independently.
Classroom Task 10:
Please prepare a five-minute
presentation about the applications
of ellipse in the real-world by family.
The presentation can be in a form of
a family report, skit, video
presentation, etc. This will be
presented on our next meeting.
Lecture 12: Some
Applications of Parabola
SSMth1: Precalculus
Mr. Migo M. Mendoza
Parabolas in Real Life:
 Arch Bridges;  Microphones;
 Suspension  Car Headlights;
Bridges;  Mirror in
 Radar Equipment; Reflecting Telescope;
 Solar Furnaces;  Television; and
 Search Lights;  Radio Antennas.
Example 29:
 How high is the parabolic
arch of span 20 feet and
height of 16 feet, at a
distance 5 feet from the
center?
Unlocking Terms in the Given Problem:
To help us easily solve the given
problem, we shall unlock the
following terms:
1. PARABOLIC ARCH
2. SPAN
What do you know
about these?
Parabolic Arch
It is usually a curved part of
a structure that is over an
opening and that supports a
wall or other weight above the
opening.
The Span
The span is the distance
from the end of the thumb
to the end of the little
finger of a spread hand.
The Parabolic Arc:
How do you
understand the
problem?
Our Understanding of the Problem:
 We can deduce from the problem that
the height of the parabolic arch from the
center of its span is 16 feet. However, the
problem is asking us to find the height of
the parabola when the distance,
denoted by span, is
5 feet away from the center.
Our Strategy in Solving the Problem:
As we have observed, a parabolic arch is
modeled by a parabola opens downward with
its vertex as the maximum value. Thus, to
solve the given problem, we will use the
equation of the parabola opens downward
graphed on the Cartesian Coordinate Plane,
where the x-axis serves as its span while the
y-axis is the its height.
Our Representations:
Let:
x-axis be the span of the
parabolic arch with 20 feet width
y-axis be the height of the
parabolic arch with 16 feet height
Our Task:
Our Task:
To find the height (y) when the
width or the span (x) is 5 feet away
from the center. Thus:
5 feet, y
Please Take Note:
The y-axis doesn’t only represent the height of our
parabolic arch. But, by definition, it also serves as
the axis of symmetry which divides our parabolic
arch into two congruent parts. Hence, our span in
the x-axis is also divided into two, resulting to 10
feet each side from the center. Thus, we will have S1
(-10, 0) and S2 (10, 0) to denote the endpoints of
the span of our parabolic arc.
Please Take Note:
Remember, when the parabola is opening downward the
highest/ maximum point of it is its vertex. Thus, the vertex is
V (0, 16) since the height denoted by y-axis is 16 feet and
the span denoted by x-axis is zero. Moreover, its vertex is of
the form V (h, k), to find the height of the parabolic arch
when the distance is 5 feet away from the center, we will use
the equation of a parabola opening downward with
vertex at V (h, k):
x  h  2
 4 c  y  k 
As we can observed, to find the height of the
parabolic arch when its span is 5 feet away
from its center, denoted by y, we need to find
first the its focal length denoted by c. What
will be your strategy? What will you do to find
the focal length?
Helpful Illustration:
Final Answer
The height is
12 feet.
Example 30:
 The cable of a suspension bridge has
supporting towers which are 70 feet
high and 500 feet apart. If the lowest
point of the cable is 20 feet above the
floor of the bridge, find the length of a
supporting rod 80 feet from the center
of the span.
The Suspension Bridge:
Final Answer:
Thus, the length of
the supporting rod is
25.12 feet.
Example 31:
 A truck has to pass under an overhead parabolic
arch bridge which has a span of 20 meters and
is 16 meters high. If the tank is 14 meters
wide, is placed in the truck with its sides vertical,
and the top of the tank is 7.5 meters above the
street level, what is the smallest clearance from the
top of the tank so that the truck
can pass under the bridge?
The Overhead Parabolic Arch Bridge/ Tunnel:
Final Answer:
Thus, the clearance
is 0.66 meters.
Example 32:
 The cross section of a large parabolic
microphone can be molded by the
equation
y  116 x.
2
What is the length of the feedhorn?

The Large Parabolic Microphone
The Large Parabolic Microphone
Final Answer:
Thus, the feedhorn
should be 29 inches.
Performance Task 11:
independently.

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Chapter 3: The Parabola

 Formula of the Parabola Opening to the

 Formula of the Parabola Opening

y 2  4cx (c, 0) x = -c x-axis

y 2  4cx (-c, 0) x = c x-axis

x 2  4cy (0, -c) y = c y-axis

Length of Latus Rectum:

Endpoints of Latus Rectum:

Length of Latus Rectum:

Endpoints of Latus Rectum:

Axis of Endpoints of Latus

E1 (h+c, k+2c) Opening to

Determine the vertex, focus, directrix,

Length of Latus Rectum:

Endpoints of Latus Rectum:

contains one and only one

at the point (-3, 6).

equations true once substituted.

we can use FOIL method given

contains one and only one

line x  y  4  0. Sketch the

What is the length of the feedhorn?

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