Meisters Learning Center

Executive Building
Ledesma Street, Iloilo City

CIVICS – Grade 5
Second Periodical Test

Name: _________________________________
I. THE SPANISH COLONIZATION OF THE PHILIPPINES
A. Word Meanings
1. CRUSADER- Christian soldiers who took part in recovering sacred place seized by the Muslims in
the Holy Land
2. EXPEDITION- journey especially by a group of people for a specific purpose
3. HOLY LAND- region found along the Mediterranean comprising of Israel and Palestine
4. COLONIALISM- a policy of a country that pertains to the expansion of lands through colonization
5. MERCANTILISM- a belief that expresses that a sound and stable state is one which has adequate
gold and silver in its coffers
6. PAPAL BULL- pronouncements, proclamations, or decrees from the Pope
7. COLONY- refer to an area controlled by a powerful country

B. Objectives of Colonialism
1. Abundant natural resources
2. Impressed by the tales of Marco Polo about the resources and culture he saw in the “East”
3. Many Europeans wanted to go to Asia, especially to Moluccas, which was known to be the “Spice
Islands” (pepper, ginger, chilli, oregano, and cinnamon)

C. Remember these!
1. To spread Catholicism to the different parts of the world, Pope Alexander VI granted permission to
Spain and Portugal to further their expedition and conquest
2. Two decrees or papal bulls issued by Pope Alexander VI to prevent further dispute between Spain
and Portugal:
a. The decrees (May 3, 1493) stated that Portugal would have the exclusive rights to explore the
lands in Africa and Spain to the New World
b. The third decree (May 4, 1493), which divided the world between Spain and Portugal by creating a
demarcation line from the North Pole to the South Pole. The decree clearly stated that all countries
found East of the demarcation line were intended for Portugal and that all countries found West of it
were for Spain.
c. The third decree or papal bull dissatisfied the king of Portugal. The division was renegotiated in the
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS ON June 7, 1494.
*The lands and islands east of that line belonged to Portugal and that of the west to Spain.
*All lands and islands discovered by Portugal in the West of the line would be turned over to
Spain and all lands and islands discovered by Spain in the east to Portugal.
*Neither Spain nor Portugal was allowed to send vessels for trade and commerce to any land
not intended for them as stipulated in the Treaty.

D. REASONS OF THE SPANISH COLONIZATION OF THE PHILIPINES

*3 Gs – God, Gold, Glory
1. God/ Catholicism- propagate Catholicism
2. Gold/ Wealth- profit from the country’s human and natural resources
3. Glory/ Prestige- having a colony brought prestige and honor

*FERDINAND MAGELLAN (Portugal)- was the first European to have reached the Philippines
*The expedition of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 1565 was considered as the most successful
expedition sent by Spain to the Philippines

II. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SPANISH COLONY IN THE PHILIPPINES

A. The Voyage of Ferdinand Magellan
1. Magellan went to King Emmanuel I, the king of Portugal, to offer his services. The king did not
accept his services and refused to finance his journey.
2. Magellan renounced his Portuguese citizenship and offered his services to King Charles I of Spain.
The Spanish king approved to finance Magellan’s expedition to the East.
3. March 22, 1518 – King Charles I provided Magellan with a fleet of five ships: TRINIDAD, SAN
ANTONIO, CONCEPCION, SANTIAGO, and VICTORIA.
4. Antonio Pigafetta- kept an accurate journal of the expedition
5. Pedro de Valderrama- in charge of propagating Catholicism in the islands to be conquered
6. September 20, 1519 – Magellan and his crew set sail from Sanlucar de Barrameda heading to the
eastern coast of South America
7. Strait of Magellan- a narrow passage connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean
8. March 6, 1521- Magellan and his crew reached the island of Guam
9. Mariana Islands- Islands of Sails
10. Guam- Magellan called it “Ladrones Islands” of the islands of thieves because the natives stole
from them

B. Magellans Landing in the Philippines

1. March 16, 1521 – the crew of the three remaining ships saw the islands of Samar
2. March 17, 1521 – reached the island of Homonhon; Magellan and his crew arrived Philippines by
the virtue given bt the National Historical Institute
3. March 29, 1521 – Rajah Colambu and Magellan performed a blood compact
4. March 31, 1521 – Father Pedro Valderrama celebrated mass on the shores of Limasawa
5. Magellan’s raising of the wooden cross indicated that the Philippines was now under the rule of
Spain; sign of Catholicism
6. The hill was named as the “Archipelago of San Lazaro”
7. April 7, 1521 – Magellan and Rajah Colambu reached the island of Cebu
8. April 14, 1521 – the first baptismal rite in the country was held; Rajah Humabon and his wife were
baptized and they were named Carlos and Juana

C. Lapulapu’s Heroism
1. April 27, 1521 – Magellan attacked the island of Mactan
2. Victoria- the remaining vessel that returned to Spain
3. Juan Sebastian de Elcano- took control of the ship and sailed to Spain
4. September 6, 1522 – arrival of the ship to Spain

D. The Spanish Colonization of the Philippines

1. Sebastian Cabot (1526)
2. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1542) – reached the islands of Samar and Leyte on May 18, 1543
3. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1564) – arrived in Cebu on February 13. 1565; performed blood
compact with Rajah Sikatuna; known to be the first Spanish conqueror and governor- general of the
Philippines
4. April 27, 1565 – Legazpi and his men returned to Cebu where Magellan fought a battle against
Rajah Tupas, son of Rajah Humabon
5. Cebu - became the first Spanish territory in the country; Legazpi named the island La Villa del
Santisimo Nombre de Jesus or the City of the Holy Name of Jesus
6. Manila- the center of trade and commerce I Luzon; ruled by Muslims namely Rajah Lakandula of
Tondo and Rajah Soliman
7. Martin de Goiti- a Spaniard who won the battle between Rajah Lakandula and Rajah Soliman
8. June 24, 1571- Legazpi was able to conquer and subdue Manila fully; he made it as the capital of
the Philippines

III. SPANISH METHOD OF CONQUEST IN THE PHILIPPINES

A. CHRISTIANIZATION
-religion was the biggest influence of the Spaniards to the Filipinos
-Philippines is the only Christian country in Asia today.

MISSIONARIES WHO ARRIVED IN THE PHILIPPINES:

1. (AUGUSTINIANS) Father Andres de Urdaneta (1565)
2. Franciscans (1577)
3. Jesuits (1581)
4. Recollects (1606)
*They taught the Filipinos how to pray, worship, and read the Bible.
*They learned how to pray at exactly six o’ clock in the evening every day.
*They learned how to pray the novena and the rosary and they joined religious processions which
strengthened family ties.
*The missionaries built churches where they instilled the importance of the sacraments of baptism,
marriage, attending mass, confirmation, confession, and anointing of the sick and the dying
Feast of the Black Nazarene- Filipinos flock the Quiapo district to join the celebration every year on
January 9.

The Reduccion System

- compulsory transfer of settlements to unify them in pueblos.

Pueblo - a municipal government established by the Spaniards.

Cabecera or capital - the center of pueblos
Visita - places far from pueblos
Rancho - farther from pueblos.

The Encomienda system and tribute

blue collar worker – person who performs manual labor like farmng, logging or carpentry
tax – an amount of money that the government requires people to pay that is used to pay for the
services of the government.
Dock – a platform used by boats or ships for loading or unloading materials
Monopoly – a situation wherein a person or group has complete control over something, for example,
trade.
Insurrection – a violent uprising against civil authority or an established government
Principalia – the ruling and usually educated upperclass in the towns of Spanish Philippines, like the
gobernadorcillo, capitan municipal, and others.

 Encomienda system is used by the Spaniards to facilitate the establishment of the colony in
the Philippines.
 The system divided the lands into smaller units.
 Encomienda was a pieces of land granted by the king to loyal Spanish subjects as a reward or
a favour.
 Encomiendero was called to the person receive the land who is tasked to collect taxes and
oversee the land.
 In 1571, a law is implemented where the taxes are collected from nhabitants which is used in
the expenses in the establishment of Spanish government
 Taxes are not new to indigenous people because it has done before by the datus. However, it
was used by the Spaniards to oppress the indigenous people.
 Tributo or tax of citizens was worth about eight reales or one peso that could be paid off using
money, gold, fabric, cotton or rice. In 1851, it was raised to 12 reales.
 Cedula was a community tax to acknowledge the sovereignty of Spain over the Philippines.it is
were people aged 18 years and above were required to get and pay for cedula.
 The members of principalia, indigenous people working in the government, and church
leaders were exempted from paying tax.
 The intention of collecting tax was good but the Spaniards abused it which leads to rebellion.

The Tenant Farming System

 Filipinos who used to own lands were force to be tenants of the land they tilled.
 It came about when the Spaniards decreed that the lands must be registered and the
Spaniards seize the lands which are not registered. Also, some landowners were forced to
loan with overpriced interest which lead in losing their lands.
 Haciendero was called to Spanish who owns a land.
 Tenants cultivated the land, bought the needed materials, provided the fertilizer and used their
own animals.
Polo Y Servicios and Bandala
 Polo y servicios or forced labor is where all men aged 16 to 60 years old were subjected to the
policy were men are called polistas.
 Polistas worked for the government in building bridges, roads, churches and many more for 40
days in a year but reduced to 15 days in 1884 which cause them to be separated from their
families and abandoned their livelihoods.`.
 Falla was paid in exchanged of service.
 Gobernadorcillo, cabeza de barangay, members of principalia were exempted to polo.
  Because of polo numerous buildings and churches were established.
 Bandala system is where Filipinos farmers were forced to sell their products to the government
and were not offered fair market price. Instead they were just given promissory note and force
to buy products from distant places to meet the quota of the government that lead further to
poverty.
 Because of this, the government has unpaid debt of Php 200,000 which is owed to farmers in
Pampanga. As a sign of protest, farmers did not plant any rice then.

IV. Identify the word being described. Choose your answer from the words in the box.

A.
A. archbishop B. Christianity C. Jesus D. church bells E. sacraments F. pueblo G. parish
H. missionary I. Bible J. Roman Catholic K. capital reduccion

________________1. He is God of all Christians.

________________2. This was sacred book of Christians.
________________3. The Filipinos were unified in this settlement under the leadership of a priest.
________________4. This was center of a parish.
________________5. This was used by the church to call people to mass.
________________6. This was the official religion during the Spanish occupation.
________________7. This is the person who propagate Catholicism in the country.
________________8. This was a religious act or ceremony of the Catholics that is considered
especially sacred.
________________9. This was compulsory transfer of settlements to unify them in pueblos.
________________10.This was the biggest influence of the Spaniards to the Filipinos.

B.
A. polo B. polista C. haciendero D. real E. tenant F. falla G. bandala
H. tribute I. encomienda J. encomiendero

_____1. People who were forced to work for the government

_____2. Farmers who work for the landowners
_____3. The penalty paid in exchange to forced labor
_____4. Forced labor
_____5. Spanish money
_____6. Man who received the encomienda
_____7. Spaniards who owned lands in the tenant farming system
_____8. Lands granted by the king of Spain to the loyal Spanish subjects as a reward or a favour
_____9. Citizen’s tax
_____10. Tenants who owned lands in the tenant farming system

C.
A. Archbishop B. Governor- general C. King of Spain D. Missionary
E. Bishop F. Patronato Real

_____1. Helped the Archbishop; they headed the diocese

_____2. Had the authority to be the Vice Real Patron
_____3. Appointed as Real Patron
_____4. Agreement between the king of Spain and the Pope to propagate Catholicism
_____5. Highest ranking official of the church and sometimes had the power to hold the position of
governor- general

D. Identify the personality described in each number.

A. Archbishop B. Governor- general C. King of Spain

D. Bishop E. Catholic Missionary

_____1. Could occupy the position of the governor- general when it was vacated
_____2. Led the missionary works
_____3. The representative of the church and the state
_____4. Contributed in establishing plans for towns or pueblos
_____5. Selected the parish priests to be assigned in different localities
_____6. Established schools, hospitals, halls of justice, buildings, roads, bridges, and water dumps
_____7. Selected the bishop in a locality of a colony
_____8. Defended the citizens from abusive encomenderos and other officials
_____9. Assisted the archbishop in managing the church and led the diocese of a certain locale
_____10. The leader or head of the church

E. Write True or False.

__________1. People aged 18 years and above were required to get and pay for a cedula.
__________2. Our ancestors greatly opposed the collection of taxes because of the huge amount.
__________3. The Filipinos benefitted, and their lives improved under the tenant farming system.
__________4. People looked down on manual jobs due to forced labor.
__________5. The Filipinos voluntarily gave their lands to the Spaniards.
__________6. The expansion of lands owned by the Spaniards improved the lives of the Filpinos.
__________7. All women aged 16 to 60 years were forced to labor without sufficient wages.
_________8. The Spaniards gave out loans with a huge interests; as a result, the Filipinos lost their
lands.
__________9. The Spaniards formed and created good policies and systems; however, the
Spaniards were abusive in its implementation.
__________10. Because of poverty and ignorance, the Filipinos were forced to accept their plight.

F. THE PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE FRIARS

1. To propagate Christianity
2. To build churches and schools
3. To give the sacraments to the people
4. To collect taxes
5. To create a school curriculum
6. To oversee electoral processes
7. To undertake charitable works