DECREASES TURBIDITY LEVELS BY USING WATER HYACINTH

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FOR LEBAK SWAMP WATER IN

PEKAUMAN VILLAGE, EAST MARTAPURA SUBDISTRICT

Rif’at Hadi1, Nopi Stiyati Prihatini2, Muhammad Firmansyah3

Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat,

Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia
E-mail: rifathadi04@gmail.com

Abstract

The Swamp for the literacy study this time is the swamp lebak area in the sensitive village of
Martapura sub-district. This swamp is a third class classification swamp. Lebak swamp is a land area that
has a pool of almost a year for at least three months with a height of at least 50 cm. Turbidity is a measure
that uses the effect of light as a basis for measurering the state of raw water with a scale of NTU
(Nephelometrix Turbidity Unit). The results of a swampy swamp survey conducted in the sensitive area of
East Martapura resulted in a turbidity value of 38,2 NTU. Indicates that the turbidity value must be lowered
to conform to the third grade water quality standard namely 25 NTU. The method used is to use water
hyacinth active charcoal to reduce turbidity levels.

Keywords : swamp lebak, water hyacinth charcoal, and turbidity

Abstrak

Rawa lebak untuk studi literasi kali ini yaitu rawa lebak dearah desa Pekauman Kecamatan
Martapura Timur. Rawa ini termasuk rawa klasifikasi kelas tiga. Rawa lebak adalah wilayah dataran yang
mempunyai genangan hampir sepanjang tahun minimal selama tiga bulan dengan tinggi genangan minimal
50 cm. Kekeruhan adalah ukuran yang menggunakan efek cahaya tinggi sebagai dasar untuk mengukur
keadaan air dapat ditimbulkan oleh adanya bahan-bahan anorganik dan organik yang terkandung dalam air
seperti lumpur dan bahan yang dihasilkan oleh buangan industri. Hasil survey rawa lebak yang dilakukan
di daerah Pekauman Martapura Timur menghasilkan nilai kekeruhan 38,2 NTU. Menunjukkan bahwa nilai
kekeruhan harus diturunkan agar sesuai dengan standar baku mutu air kelas tiga yaitu 25 NTU. Metode
yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menggunakan arang aktif eceng gondok untuk menurunkan kadar kekeruhan.

Kata kunci : lahan rawa, air, kualitas, baku mutu dan parameter
I. INTRODUCTION

Swamp land is land that is all year round, or for a long time in a year, always saturated with
water or shallow water. Understanding in managing swamps is very important. It is better to
maintain the ecological function of the area in its use for life needs such as settlements, agriculture,
fisheries and others. Prudent management by conducting spatial planning, and strict supervision
from the government can determine which swamp areas can be managed and which ecological
functions must be maintained. Swamp is a container of water along with water and water power
contained therein, inundated continuously or seasonally, formed naturally in relatively flat or
concave land with mineral or peat deposits, and overgrown with vegetation, which is an ecosystem
(Government Regulation Number 73 of 2013 concerning Swamp).
Turbidity is basically caused by the presence of colloids, organic matter, microorganisms,
mud, clay and floating objects that do not settle immediately. Turbid water is difficult to disinfect,
because microbes are protected by these suspended substances. This is certainly dangerous for
health, if microbes are pathogens (Sutrisno & Suciatuti, 1991). The degree of turbidity of the water
can be determined through laboratory testing using the Turbidimeter method. The recommended
grade 3 turbidity according to RI Minister of Health Regulation No. 32 of 2017. Able to absorb
pollutants such as Cu and Zn metals and accumulate metals in root, stem and leaf organs
(Syahputra, 2005). Water hyacinth has smooth branches that function as a tool to absorb metal
compounds, so that the toxicity of dissolved metals decreases. The active chemicals in water
hyacinth are saponins, flavonoids and polyphenols. From the research it is known that water
hyacinth contains 17.1 percent protein and 3.6 percent fat and contains cellulose which reaches
18.2 percent of the total dry weight. Cellulose is an organic compound found in cell walls along
with lignin, whose role is to strengthen the structure of plants. The structure of cellulose consists
of long chains of glucose units which are bound by 1.4 glucoside bonds. In terms of its structure,
cellulose has a large enough potential to be used as a absorbing medium because it is rich in the -
OH group that can interact with the adsorbate component (Fatmasari, 2008). This literature study
was conducted aiming to determine the ability to use activated charcoal from water hyacinth roots
to reduce turbidity levels.
 II. RESEARCH METHODS

ALAT YANG DIGUNAKAN

The tools used are a set of glass tools (Pirex), analytical balance (Ohaus), electric
ovens, 120 mesh sieves, crushers (mortars and mortars), porcelain cups, desiccators, furnaces
(Barnstead Thermolyne 1400), magneticstirrers (IKAMAG), burettes, a set of reflux
apparatus, turbidimeter. The material used in the quality of proanalysist grade in this research
is the sample of Karangayu village well water, water hyacinth root plants, aquades /
aquademin, phosphoric acid, mercury sulfate, silver sulfate, potassium dichromate, ferro
ammonium sulfate, manganese sulfate, sulfuric acid, alkali ionide azide ,sodium thiosulfate,
sodium hydroxide are all made in MERKK, indicators of ferroin and starch.

LANGKAH KERJA
The research was begun with phosphoric acid and then heated for 4 hours at 4000C
then applied to dug well water with a soaking time of 1.3 and 5 hours. After it is filtered, the
filtered filtrate is analyzed for its COD and BOD turbidity. The function of adding
phosphoric acid is to remove impurities present in the activated charcoal and enlarge the
surface area of the pore activated charcoal. For turbidity analysis, the tool to be used is
calibrated first by entering the calibration first with the 800 NTU standard, then pressing the
call wait until it shows the 800 NTU value, then press read, wait until the tool is exactly 20
NTU. Repeat again by entering the standard 20 NTU press read, wait until the number shows
the number 2 NTU. Re-enter the NTU standard 2 then press read and then put into the
turbidimeter then press read to find out the turbidity value.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Water hyacinth plant is a material that can be developed as an adsorbent. The adsorbent is
very useful in controlling water pollution. At first the raw material in the form of the water hyacinth
root is cleaned and dried. Then it is soaked in phosphoric acid for 9 hours which is then drained to
dry. Phosphoric acid functions as an activator to optimize pore formation and damage the cellulose
structure present in the water hyacinth root. The results obtained from the manufacture of activated
charcoal from raw water hyacinth root ingredients are black, odorless and tasteless. The results of
the calculation of the reduction in turbidity levels after experiencing water hyacinth charcoal
treatment to reach equilibrium shows that activated water hyacinth activated charcoal can reduce
turbidity by 78.17%.
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research and discussion that has been described, it can be concluded
that the water hyacinth charcoal activated by phosphoric acid is able to absorb more turbidity
compared to non-activated water hyacinth charcoal. Besides adsorbent absorption of pollutants
more and more with increasing contact time of the sample of water hyacinth charcoal. So that the
calculation of the reduction in turbidity levels after experiencing water hyacinth charcoal treatment
to reach equilibrium shows that activated water hyacinth activated charcoal can reduce turbidity
by 78.17%.