Tin’s Role in EV

Electric Vehicle or EV is quite famous lately, mostly thanks to mass campaign about effect of greenhouse
gas (GHG) or CO2 emissions and the rapid promotion of green energy.

In 2009, the multi-government policy forum known as “Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM)” was established
and they launched the “Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI)” in 2010. Currently, the member of governments
in EVI include Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France,
Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South
Africa, Spain, Sweden, United Arab Emirates, UK and US. The International Energy Agency (IEA) is
appointed as the EVI coordinator.

Based on the power type, EV can be grouping into:

 EV Battery electric vehicles (BEV), use electric motors powered by a battery that needs to be
plugged in to a charger;
 Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), use an internal combustion engine supported by electric motors
and a battery, but don't need to be charged;
 Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) are similar to HEVs, but the battery can be charged when
the vehicle isn't in use;
 Fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEV), use a fuel, such as compressed hydrogen, to generate electricity
that then powers the motors.

Source: International Tin Association

Tin plays an important role in EVs, as it’s used for electronic solder and batteries. More powerful, reliable
and cost-competitive batteries have driven EV growth. EV batteries have evolved toward technologies
that include more tin alloys. According to the International Tin Association (ITA), tin used for batteries
increased by 95% in 2016 compared to 2010 (14,400 tons).
In June 2017, CEM launched a campaign called “EV30@30” to speed up the deployment of electric vehicles
and target at least 30% sales of new electric vehicle (except 2 wheelers) by 2030. Governments supporting
the “EV30@30” campaign include Canada, China, Finland, France, India, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands,
Norway and Sweden.

The massive adoption of EVs is giving a positive

impact to tin demand. According to the
International Energy Agency (IEA), over 1 million
electric cars were sold in 2017. It shown a growth
in new electric car sales of 54% compared with
2016. China accounted for more than half of
global sales of EVs in 2017, it sold in China market
more than doubled the amount delivered in US,
Source: IEA’s Global Electric Vehicle Outlook 2018
the second largest electric car market globally.

Ongoing support and commitments for increased deployment of EVs sound promising for EVs outlook,
and in the same time also could boost the demand of tin. Indonesia as the second largest producer of tin
and member of CEM should make a move to make “EV30@30” happen.