PHY 8251 ,

Dr .

Chenjie Wang .
cwangrszaooityo.edu .
hk

( Nov 9) :

Scattering Theory
Shankar chap is
Shankar chap 5.4
-

Detectors
/ -
X -

Ray
→

FEI Neutron Scattering

means → on ut .

Sample

Also
,
particle -

particle Collision

Xue turn
t
et
M

Tune
>
Eee ri
-

We
only consider
scattering by a
potential Vce )

••@
^

I
← we iii. i
'

uns us →
e
2. >
←
-

f) →
incoming plane
wane
✓
(
( atom
lion but no
change of
internal states )

ID
Scattering -
problem

packet

Nuove →

I Iv .

step potential

HANZO )
't eikolxta
C

Assumption :
4. ix. D= ⇐jj e- Gaussian wane

packet .

This state hag mean momentum Cp > =£ko k op

-
-

¥0
Mean
position
CX > = -
a ox =

¥
 ②

We interested in
Large O → a
are

#
almost like a
plane wave

g-
€
y ,

time
t7p÷m
at

We want to Calculate the

reflection & transmission coefficient .

To do that :

④
LIM

④②
eigenfunction YEH ) for H t Vcr )

③
solve eigenvalue &
=

Calculate the
'
coefficient C4zCx3/4z ? = CLE )
'
EYE
CE ) → CLE ) e- time dependence
Calculate Rand T at t -7N .

① Solve Hex ) .
-

eikxt
ite e'
Nco : 4Ecx ) = A B e- he ,
=
FEI
kN D
'

X o
4€ Cx ) c ka assume
:
> =

F '

E 7 Vo
condition
Boundary
:

ATB =L

{ ik ,
A - ikiB= ikzc

=L
⇒
B=
Chitti 't = A

⇐
LETHA ) "

know ]
'

I e'
[
h
'

)
kx
'

"

( e'
'

¥ our
e- t
⇒ He = A t
,

k
Normalization factor A =
ta
 ③
② The coefficient

acted =
Hml 427

{ fjfe-ih.tt Doc 4. ex )
'

¥ it
hi
'
e'
-

x ) dx
=

-
↳
approach Zero ( momentum

spare orthogonal
£*¥E e-ikixo-c.nu/zcxydx }
.

-
→ O

=
¥ I !°Eih*×o
4.
Set to I
ex ) dx

Hhow
(¥54
eik
a
-

e- EI
'

I!
lfqcxsdk
'
't

③
,
hlcxit ) = ack , ,

=⇐⇒j fj-exptitzhhtsexpf-krt.IE ) exp Cima )

know }
'

{
'

knee dk
'

eihxoc
'

¥ e- EA
a
, ,
×
.
× ) + .
× , e

-
- -

t-Dex.fi
H I c AA CA * )
j
exp-L-czxfcai.FI#mo;3exp-Ltikocxta-IfnID
⇐
lot En
'

a
'

Center at x= - at thot > o → o

ENT ) =
-0C -
x ) x Gaussian function centered at X = -

then u

⇒ 4 .
-
Eason
.
⇒ r -

knit
Ikki
Eu
-
.

2am
 ④
Tran si mission
coefficient

7- I -
R =
1¥11 .
TE

¥-
?
⑥ static picture ( plane wave )

Heiko "
IIM
'

in jz= IAI
coming i →

ikot
reflected : B e- → Jr =
I B. i the
2M

Transmitted = C either →
j ,
=
142k€ kr=fm¥
,

⇒ R -

II -17¥
÷ EI

Approaches
c- = =

.
re .

The but picture

two
agree ,
the static C plane wave

much
limit ) is
simpler .

Vcr )
Scattering by in 3D

detector

( assume uniformly distributed )

dr
Pmax
T
we Solid angle
MS >
un
- > z

-7
why
Ly
ikr

eik My
'

F impart parameter ( range of potential a

.

assuming pmax → ao
)
 ⑤
differential cross section

do # of particles Scattered into dr/see

-
dr =
-

dr I
# of incident see I area in the
§ plane
C ie .
incident current
density )

General ideas ( static )

:

Assuming wave

( linear
superposition
(1) 4k =
Vine t Usc
plane
in
spheriede.ie
of
,
waves

N
¢ Scatter
.y amplitude
Ep
ihr →

eikz f 0.4 )

↳ in the limit ↳ a

) 45-0
'

( Eek
Assuming Vibr -70
.
then at r→•
,

(2) incident current

Inc =

Emile
: 4in -
4.net.in )

=
th a

Z
-2M

(3) Scattered current .

⇒ = Er Irt Eir .
+
EI Tsin .IT
-

Not important r -7N

in the Er direction

4scIr4E )
→

Jsc -

In ( 4sEZr4s .
-
er

"

E
=
Ik
oh
.
Iff .

V2

(4) cross Section

Ei Er Fdr
Honest
DI =
=
 ⑥

BornApprnutu
matrix
Scattering

S =
lion U Ctf .
ti )
ti -7 -
a

tf -7 to

Transition
probability

B- → di Ek
IE
FI Is > i
Pfindr

Transition rate ( Fermi 's

golden rules )

River =

II PII v IPI >I 's . PEDI 't ) dr

2km Pi
=
Isrt Tdr

Jina
z

with IPFHIFII
Then
Ri dr
Ri→dr
,
→

d£dr=
-

Pim
.cz#-hp=C2Ti5m?tfspIIvlPF
> Pdr

Czthnhspslvlpi =/ > Idr

The matrix element C pi -

- this .
PII KB
I
-

f¥⇒ei8
'

CPI Irl =
vet 's di
 ②

where tf = PI -
pi

/¥fp

'VeI
ftp.eieor
⇒
a

⇒ adder -

-
I 5. mt .

d I →
E .

18k ciksiio
feis ¥12
'

÷
=

.
up ,

One infer that

may

-1¥ fei
I
'

fco.gg
'

d3P
)
=
Vci 's
C Born Approximation

For central force potential

IE8
Very
tdr
'
I l

J
fco g) 8%0
FIE e-
'
= -
'

since do dy
. '
.

[
=

2M¥ singer fool

-

.ua , rdr =

Exaupte .
.
Yukawa potential
Mor
g e-
Vcr , = -

"
nor 'd
e-
foot -

Jota ,
Zi
of

-2¥, .ii⇒=¥u÷E
lion
# .

,
 ⑧

Therefore '

do
4u2g
]
-
-

Tdr * I
=

sing
'

met 4k

in rockets Coulomb
the limit No -70 ,
The potential app
Go

potential (g

=¥iq
-
-

Zee )
do ( 'S
⇒ EEKh
ze
-
-

,
coulomb
"

Rutherford
"

cross section
.

other methods C Green 's function I partial wane

expansion )