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C H A P T E R

Liquid Penetrant Testing


Bibliography
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Introduction General
This bibliography lists published works
cited in the references at the end of each Engineering
chapter, as well as other works not cited
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bibliography is not be construed as any Metallurgical Failure, second edition.
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generally cited only once. The reader is Society (1990).
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478 Liquid Penetrant Testing


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Section V, Nondestructive Examination. Appurtenances. [Code of Federal
New York, NY: American Society of Regulations: Title 46, Shipping.]
Mechanical Engineers. Washington, DC: United States
ASTM E 165, Standard Test Method for Department of Transportation, United
Liquid Penetrant Examination. West States Coast Guard; United States
Conshohocken, PA: American Society Government Printing Office (1995).
for Testing and Materials (1995). KSC-SPEC-Z-0013, Penetrant, Magnetic
ASTM E 433, Standard Reference Particle and Ultrasonic Inspection
Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Requirements for, Specification for.
Inspection. West Conshohocken, PA: Washington, DC: National
American Society for Testing and Aeronautical and Space
Materials (1993). Administration, Kennedy Space
ASTM E 1135, Standard Test Method for Center.
Comparing the Brightness of Fluorescent MIL-HDBK-728/3, Liquid Penetrant Testing.
Penetrants. West Conshohocken, PA: Washington, DC: United States
American Society for Testing and Department of Defense (Validation
Materials (1992). Notice July 1992).
ASTM E 1208, Standard Test Method for MSFC-STD-366(1), Penetrant Inspection
Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Examination Method. Huntsville, AL: Marshall Space
Using the Lipophilic Post-Emulsification Flight Center.
Process. West Conshohocken, PA: MIL-STD-1689A, Fabrication, Welding, and
American Society for Testing and Inspection of Ships Structure
Materials (1994). [superseding MIL-STD-1689, December
ASTM E 1209, Standard Test Method for 1983]. Washington, DC: United States
Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Examination Department of Defense (November
Using the Water-Washable Process. West 1990).
Conshohocken, PA: American Society MIL-STD-1907, Inspection, Liquid Penetrant
for Testing and Materials (1994). and Magnetic Particle, Soundness
ASTM E 1210, Standard Test Method for Requirements and Materials, Parts and
Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Examination Weldments. Washington, DC:
Using the Hydrophilic Post-Emulsification Department of Defense; United States
Process. West Conshohocken, PA: Government Printing Office.
American Society for Testing and MIL-STD-2035, Nondestructive Testing
Materials (1994). Acceptance Criteria [supersedes
ASTM E 1219, Standard Test Method for NAVSHIPS 0900-003-8000].
Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Examination Washington, DC: United States
Using the Solvent-Removable Process. Department of Defense.
West Conshohocken, PA: American MIL-STD-2132A, Nondestructive
Society for Testing and Materials Examination Requirements for Special
(1994). Applications. Washington, DC: United
ASTM E 1220, Standard Test Method for States Department of Defense (March
Visible Liquid Penetrant Examination 1985). (Superceding MIL-STD-2132,
Using the Solvent-Removable Process. January 1981.)
West Conshohocken, PA: American MIL-STD-2175, Castings, Classification and
Society for Testing and Materials Inspection of. Washington, DC: United
(1992). States Department of Defense.
ASTM E 1316, Standard Terminology for NAVSEA Technical Publication T9074,
Nondestructive Examination. West Requirements for Nondestructive Testing
Conshohocken, PA: American Society Methods. Philadelphia, PA: Naval
for Testing and Materials (1998). Inventory Control Point (April 1997).
ASTM E 1417A, Standard Practice for Liquid NAVSEA 59086-54-STM-010, Naval Ships’
Penetrant Examination. West Technical Manual. Washington, DC:
Conshohocken, PA: American Society United States Department of Defense
for Testing and Materials (1995). (1997).
ASTM E 1418, Standard Test Method for NAVSHIPS 250-1500-1, Welding Standard.
Visible Penetrant Examination Using the Washington, DC: United States
Water-Washable Process. West Department of Defense, Naval Sea
Conshohocken, PA: American Society Systems Command (revised 1993;
for Testing and Materials (1992). accepted June 1995).
ASTM F 601, Standard Practice for Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels.
Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection of Paramus, NJ: American Bureau of
Metallic Surgical Implants. West Shipping.
Conshohocken, PA: American Society SAE AMS 2647B, Fluorescent Penetrant
for Testing and Materials (1992). Inspection Aircraft and Engine
Component Maintenance. Warrendale,
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Liquid Penetrant Testing Bibliography 479


SAE AMS 3155C, Oil, Fluorescent Penetrant MIL-STD-6866, Inspection, Liquid Penetrant.
Solvent-Soluble. Warrendale, PA: SAE Washington, DC: Department of
[Society of Automotive Engineers] Defense; United States Government
International (1994). Printing Office (1985). (Cancelled
SAE AMS 3156C, Oil, Fluorescent Penetrant November 1996; superseded by ASTM
Water Washable. Warrendale, PA: SAE E 1417.)
[Society of Automotive Engineers] MSFC-STD-366, Penetrant Inspection
International (1983). Method. Washington, DC: United
SAE AMS 3161A, Oil, Odorless Heavy States Department of Defense (1976).
Solvent. Warrendale, PA: SAE [Society RDT F3-6T, Nondestructive Examination.
of Automotive Engineers] Washington, DC: United States
International (1993). Department of Energy.
SAE AS 3071A, Acceptance Criteria — SAE AMS 2645J, Fluorescent Penetrant
Magnetic Particle, Fluorescent Penetrant, Inspection. Warrendale, PA: SAE
and Contrast Dye Penetrant Inspection. [Society of Automotive Engineers]
Warrendale, PA: SAE [Society of International (1994).
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(1991). Inspection. Warrendale, PA: SAE
SAE J 426, Liquid Penetrant Test Methods, [Society of Automotive Engineers]
Information Report (March 1991). International (1982). (Superseded by
Warrendale, PA: SAE [Society of ASTM E 1220.)
Automotive Engineers] International. SAE AMS 3157C, Oil Fluorescent Penetrant
High Fluorescence, Solvent Soluble.
Warrendale, PA: SAE [Society of
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(1996).
ASTM E 270A, Standard Terminology SAE AMS 3158B, Solution, Fluorescent
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(superseded by ASTM E 1316). West SAE [Society of Automotive Engineers]
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for Testing and Materials.
MIL-C-25343, Certification of Penetrant
Inspection Personnel. Washington, DC: Product Oriented, Active as of
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(cancelled August 1962; superseded by
MIL-STD-410). ASTM A 903/A 903M, Standard
MIL-I-8474, Anodizing Process for Inspection Specification for Steel Castings, Surface
of Aluminum Alloys and Parts Acceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle
(18 September 1946). Washington, and Liquid Penetrant Inspection. West
DC: United States Department of Conshohocken, PA: American Society
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MIL-I-19684, Inspection Penetrants, QPL-AMS-2644, Qualified Products List of
Nondestructive Testing. Washington, Products Qualified under SAE Aerospace
DC: United States Department of Materials Specification AMS 2644:
Defense (cancelled November 1965). Inspection Material, Penetrant.
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Naval Shipboard. Washington, DC: Printing (1998).
United States Department of Defense SAE AMS 2644, Inspection Materials,
(cancelled January 1962; superseded Penetrant. Warrendale, PA: SAE [Society
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Washington, DC: United States SAE AMS 3161A, Oil, Odorless Heavy
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Methods, Requirements for.
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May 1998; superseded by NAVSEA Defense (Cancelled April 1966;
Technical Publication superseded by MIL-F-38762).
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Inspection Units. Washington, DC:
United States Department of Defense
(cancelled July 1995).

480 Liquid Penetrant Testing


MIL-I-25105, Inspection Unit, Fluorescent Filtered Particle Testing
Penetrant, Type MA2. Washington, DC:
United States Department of Defense Betz, C.E. “Two New Testing Methods for
(1955). (Superseded by MIL-F-38762.) Ceramic Products.” Nondestructive
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(1955). DeForest, T. and H.N. Staats. Section 14,
MIL-I-25135, Inspection Materials, “Principles and Techniques of Filtered
Penetrants. Washington, DC: United Particle Inspection.” Nondestructive
States Department of Defense (1989). Testing Handbook, second edition:
(Cancelled January 1998; superseded Vol. 2, Liquid Penetrant Tests.
by SAE AMS 2644.) Columbus, OH: American Society for
MIL-I-9445A, Inspection Unit, Fluorescent Nondestructive Testing (1982):
Penetrant, General Specification for. p 575-594.
Washington, DC: United States DeForest, T. and H.N. Staats. Method of
Department of Defense (Cancelled Detecting Cracks in Porous Surfaces.
November 1957; superseded by United States Patent 2 516 857
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MIL-P-47158, Penetrant Inspection, DeForest, T. and H.N. Staats. Method of
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Parts and Weldments. Washington, DC: United States Patent 2 635 329
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(1974). (Cancelled August 1989; DeForest, T. and H.N. Staats. Method of
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QPL-25135-17, Inspection Materials, United States Patent 2 636 127
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States Department of Defense Staats, H.N. “Which Nondestructive Test
(superseded by QPL-AMS-2644, March for Finding Defects in Ceramic Parts.”
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SAE AMS 3155C, Oil, Fluorescent Penetrant New York, NY: Reinhold Publishing
Solvent-Soluble. Warrendale, PA: SAE Corporation (1952): p 116.
[Society of Automotive Engineers] Staats, H.N. “Nondestructive Testing of
International (1994). Green Ware.” American Ceramic Society
SAE AMS 3156C, Oil, Fluorescent Penetrant Bulletin. Vol. 29, No. 11. Westerville,
Water Washable. Warrendale, PA: SAE OH: American Ceramic Society
[Society of Automotive Engineers] (November 1950): p 411-415.
International (1983). Staats, H.N. “The Testing of Ceramics.”
Nondestructive Testing. Vol. 10, No. 3.
Columbus, OH: American Society for
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Staats, H.N. “Filtered Particle Inspection of
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AT&T. “Detecting Flaws in Patterned
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Eapen, A.C., B.L. Ajmera and S.M. Agashe. Davis, L. “Pinpointing Vehicle Leaks
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Technique. Bombay, India: Bhabha Materials Evaluation. Vol. 47, No. 11.
Atomic Research Centre (1983). Columbus, OH: American Society for
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Fluorescing Dye in Polymerisable Marrano, G. “Fluorescent Tracer Additives
Solution Curing and Encapsulating as a Nondestructive Inspection
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(April 1983). Basics). Materials Evaluation. Vol. 51,
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Liquid Penetrant Testing Bibliography 481


Marrano, G. “Leak Detection Using Poeth, D.F., II, C.O. Ruud and S.H. Levine.
UV-Fluorescent Tracers in Power “The Measurement of Neutron Cross
Plants” (Back to Basics). Materials Sections for Contrast-Enhancing
Evaluation. Vol. 51, No. 6. Columbus, Penetrant Fluids.” Research in
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Characteristics of the Process of Leak Shelton, C.G. and P.R. Marks. “Failure of
Tightness Inspection by the Penetrant Ductile Interlayer Composites:
Method.” Soviet Journal of High-Resolution X-Radiographic
Nondestructive Testing. Vol. 22, No. 11. Examination Using an Opaque
New York, NY: Plenum/Consultants Penetrant.” Journal of Materials Science
Bureau (July 1987): p 789-794. Letters. Vol. 7, No. 6. Norwell, MA:
Kluwer Academic Publishers
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RadiometrIcally Opaque Liquid
Penetrants
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Vol. 20, No. 4. Columbus, OH:
American Society for Nondestructive
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Kolker, H. and P. Henze. “Application of
Microfocus Radiology and Dye
Penetrants in Quality and Fracture
Toughness Determination of Ceramic
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for the European Ceramic Society, c/o
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Kolker, H., P. Henze, K.A. Schwetz and A.
Lipp. “X-Ray Microfocus and Dye
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Radio-Opaque Penetrants for Study of
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Poeth, D.F. The Development of the
Methodology for the Optimization of
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482 Liquid Penetrant Testing

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