CHAPTER I

The Problem and its Background of the Study

This chapter presents the problem and its background of the study, statement of

the problem, significance of the study and scope and delimitation of the study

INTRODUCTION

The pomelo ( Citrus maxima Merr.), a native plant from Asia, which is best

cultivated in China, southern Japan, Vietnam, Mlaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. The fruit

of pomelo is commonly eaten fresh or made as juice. It is also popular for jam and syrup.

In traditional medicine, the fruit peel has been used for cough, swellings, and epilepsy,

because of the effectiveness of the volatiles. The middle layer (albedo) of fruit peel is

extracted for pectin which is used as dietary fiber for reducing body weight.

The citrus species are famous for the source of essential oils. C. maxima is the

same as other Citrus species that contains essential oil glands in their fruit peel and flower

petals. The Citrus peel oils have a strong and desirable aroma with refreshing effect. They

have been used as flavoring in foods, beverages and pharmaceutical products. They also

have been used as fragrance in perfumes, cosmetic and aromatherapy. The Citrus flower

oils have the relaxing and hormone balancing effects which have been used in

aromatherapy and perfumery.

In Thailand, there are lots of cultivar of C. maxima such as khao-num-puang, hao-

poung and khao-yai which are popular as fresh eating. The C. maxima is peeled foe their

fresh pulp and juice that are sold both in Thailand and foreign countries. The high demand

of pomelo in the market causes around one metric ton of the peel left as by product in
 2

each day. These wastes could be served as raw materials for essential oil industries. So

the study of C. maxima peel essential oil could increase the value of the useless waste.

Background of the Study

Citrus maxima (pomelo or shaddock), family Rutaceae, is one of the famous fruits

in Philippines. The other scientific or synonyms of pomelo are Aurantium maximum Burn.

ex Rumph, Citrus aurantium L. var grandis L., Citrus grandis Osbeck and Citrus

pamplemos Risso. Pomelo is an indigenous plant of Malayu Islands and the east of India.

It is widespread in China, Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, the United State of America

and Thailand.

C. maxima is medium sized tree. Its leaves have the small winged petioles. The

flowers are bisexual and smell sweet. The tree can flower when its age is four years old.

The fruit is always round shape and big size. Fruit peel has the 3 layers: the outer layer

is called flavedo or epicarp which has the oil glands, the medium layer is called albedo or

mesocarp which white in color and has plenty of spongy cells, and the inner layer is called

endocarb which is the edible portion of the fruit, the juice sags.

Nowadays, after there are no commercial C. maxima essential oil available.

Because the extraction of peel essential oils needs modern methodology for reducing

solvent residue, impurities and chemicals transformation and increasing yield. These

factors influence on the oil quality. Therefore, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is

considerable advantage over the other extraction methods.

It is true that the gardener grows C. maxima trees for their fruits not flower.

However, after fertilization of C. maxima flower, their petals always fall down and they are
 3

allowed to wither with no use. Then, the development of C. maxima flower oil extraction

is profitable for the gardener. This may help to increase gardener’s income and to support

the perfumery industries in Thailand. Because of C. maxima is unique in Southeast Asia

and its flower oil could generally substitute neroli that import from western countries.

Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted to determine the acceptability of Pomelo peel oil as

skin moisturizer.

Specifically, this sought to answer the following question:

1. What is the degree of acceptability of Pomelo peel as skin moisturizer in

terms of:

a. Color,

b. Odor,

c. Texture ?

2. What is the perception of the respondents towards the homemade skin

moisturizer in terms of:

a. Color,

b. Odor,

c. Texture ?

3. Is there any significant difference among the treatments of Pomelo peel oil as

skin moisturizer ?

4. Is there any significant difference among treatments as to the evaporation

rate ?
 4

Significance of the Study

This study may be very beneficial and useful to individuals who are financially

incapable of buying priced and branded skin moisturizer that are more expensive because

they can have their own home-made skin moisturizer which is less costly since the pomelo

peelings and the other materials needed in the production are very affordable.

In addition, pomelo peels are abundant in our surrounding. Through the use of

these, one can avoid skin irritations and allergies since the moisturizer is safe from

hazardous chemicals.

Scope and Delimitations

The study was conducted in Brgy. Rizal, Odiongan, Romblon where there is the

abundance of Pomelo. This will make the researcher easy to get and provide the materials

needed. The experiment will be done at Grata’s residence where proper guidance and

permission to the owner of the house will be asked. This will make sure that nobody gets

harm while the experiment is ongoing.

The study will be delimited into one month experiment. After the processing and

finalization of finished product, it will then be subjected to observation and in depth-

analysis. This will ensure if the experiment is failed or successful.

This study has its limitation in terms of methodology and application. The method

to be use is experimental method.

This study will be further limited to thirty (30) students randomly selected taken as

respondents. The duration of the experimental investigation will start on January 18, 2012
 5

and will end on February 18, 2012 including the buying of the ingredients, experimental

trials.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES

This chapter contains the local literature and studies, foreign literature and studies

will elaborate the knowledge of the respondents to know the background related to the

proponents research.
 6

Health Benefits of Pomelo

Pomelo is from the Southeast Asian countries, it is the largest among all citrus

fruits. It is widely grown in countries like India, China, Fiji, Japan, the Caribbean and USA.

Pomelo is known as Chinese grapefruit, Bali lemon, lime large, jabong, lusho fruit,

pompelmous and shaddock. Pomelo is the most exotic citrus fruit that looks like an

ancestor to grape fruit. The fruit is capable of adapting to dry climatic conditions and can

grow as large as 30 cm in diameter and can weigh up to 25 lb. The pulp of the fruit is

found in various colors, ranging from pale yellow to pink or red. The rind is very thick but

soft and easy to peel away. It contains all the good nutrients. Pomelo helps in getting rid

of diseases like cancer, diabetes, heart diseases and other small and big infections. It

also helps in flushing out all the impurities and toxic materials from the body. A glass of

pomelo juice is sufficient to immune your body against various life threatening health

issues.

Nutrition Benefits of Eating Pomelo

Though pomelo juice is acidic in nature, it helps in the digestive process of the body,

by having an alkaline reaction after digestion. Pomelo rind contains huge amount of

bioflavonoid that can stop the cancer cells from spreading the effect of breast cancer in a

patient, by making the body get rid of the excess estrogen. The high amount of vitamin C

present in the body makes the fruit an effective stimulant that facilitates in strengthening

and maintaining the elastic nature of the arteries. Pomelo is also effective against fatigue,
 7

diabetes, fever, insomnia, sore throat, stomach and pancreatic cancer and other such

infectious diseases. Pomelo contains pectin which proves to be very effective in reducing

the accumulation of arterial deposits in the body, thereby clearing out all the impurities.

Pomelo is also useful in reducing the cholesterol count in the body, thus saving you from

running the risk of various heart related problems. Pomelo can also prove out to be useful

for people seeking out weight loss. The fat burning enzyme in pomelo absorbs and

reduces the starch and sugar content in the body contributing towards weight loss.

Pomelo is a great food content. According to Nokes (2011), it provides you with all the

kinds of things that you need. One should know that one is required to get foods that

mean health to one’s body. Pomelo is highly upheld due to its nutritional value that makes

it a good pick for anyone who wants to ensure that the foods are going to do no harm to

the body. The scientific research carried on the pomelo shows that it can help the body

to increase its resistance towards infection. It contains vitamin C which has the power to

detoxify the blood and make your skin glow.

Keerthana (2010) added that pomelo contains many nutrients such as vitamin B1,

vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin C, protein, copper, iron, calcium,

carbohydrates, dietary fiber and calories. It has also many health benefits. It help in

improves wound healing and immune system. It protects us from free radicals and

reduces aging. Pomelo improves nerve functions and muscle functions. It also help

improves lung health and iron absorption.

According to Hessa (2011), Vitamin C (also called Ascorbic Acid) is a water-soluble

vitamin, and is needed by our bodies to form collagen in bones, cartilage, muscle and
 8

blood vessels. One gets Vitamin C from fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits like

lemons, limes and oranges. Although it is a vitamin, Vitamin C is also an antioxidant. This

means it can neutralize free radicals which would otherwise damage our skin and other

organs. And since it is soluble in water, Vitamin C works both inside and outside of our

cells to combat this free radical damage. Vitamin C doesn’t just increase the Vitamin C

levels in our blood, it also increases two more very important antioxidants – glutathione

(a major antioxidant) and Vitamin E (a fat-soluble antioxidant).

Ireland (2010) noted that skin bleaching is popular with darker-skinned people to

obtain a more even skin tone, but skin bleaching cream is also often used to lighten sun

damage and age spots on the skin in people of all skin colors. Skin bleaching should be

done under the supervision of a trained dermatologist, but too often hydroquinone cream,

the most common type of skin bleach, is used without any supervision, which can result

in uneven lightening of the skin and a slew of other undesirable effects. According to

Ireland, the purpose of skin bleaching is to obtain a lighter skin tone, either all over the

face or on a few smaller areas. The main ingredient of most cosmetically-available skin

bleaching creams, hydroquinone, is effective in bringing about permanent lightening of

the skin by inhibiting enzyme reaction of the skin which causes dark pigments.

According to McDaniel (2009),’’the dictionary tells us that to bleach is to make

something white or colorless mainly by using chemicals’’. With skin-bleaching, chemicals

are used to lighten (or whiten) the skin. The chemicals are applied to the skin directly or

are orally taken as pills.

 9

On the face of it, people bleach with a view to getting lighter tones than their natural

complexion. McDaniel(2009) asked numerous people in the street why they bleach their

black beauty. Respondents say that they feel better about themselves; they receive more

attention from the opposite sex; they experience more romance; they get better

job/economic opportunities; they bleach to clear up spots; they just like how it looks; they

prefer a cool complexion and they do it as a fashion statement.

McDaniel (2009) elaborated that melanin is the dark-brown pigment in the skin

which makes us dark. Melanin protects the skin from the cancer-

causing ultraviolet rays of the sun. The more melanin our skin produces, the darker we

appear. Lighter skin has less melanin. So, an effective way to attain lighter skin is to

reduce the amount of melanin in the skin. This is exactly what bleaching products do.

Bleaching products inhibit melanocytes, skin cells which produce the pigment, melanin.

Skin-bleaching products are toxic when used long-term and excessively. Popular

skin-bleaching ingredients include potent topical steroids, like betamethasone and

clobetasol. Common side effects include thin skin, steroid-induced acne (bumps), skin

infections and striae (permanent linear stretch-marks scars) due to weakening of the

skin's elastic tissues. Eventually steroids may enter the bloodstream to create major

challenges, like increased blood sugar levels, high blood pressure, glaucoma and

cataracts. Other skin-bleaching ingredients include hydroquinone, mercury compounds,

and glutathione (taken orally). Home-made skin bleaching items include toothpaste,

household bleach, toilet bowl cleaner, curry powder, hair relaxer, lime and honey,

cornmeal and milk powder (McDaniel, 2009).

 10

Wood (2009) pointed out that skin bleaching uses chemicals to lighten your skin

tone. Skin bleaching can be used as a spot treatment for blemishes like age spots and

freckles or to alter the skin tone of your entire body. However, the use of bleaching

products on your entire body brings with it numerous warnings.

Typically, doctors do not recommend skin bleaching as a way to lighten your

overall skin tone. Instead, it treats specific disorders like hyperpigmentation and age spots

that could benefit from lightening the color of the skin. Age spots are caused by sun

exposure and involve an overproduction of melanin. Hyperpigmentation occurs when

darker patches develop on lighter-colored skin.

According Olumide YM et. al (2008), skin lightening (bleaching) cosmetics and

toiletries are widely used in most African countries. The active ingredients in these

cosmetic products are hydroquinone, mercury and corticosteroids. Several additives are

used to enhance the bleaching effect. Since these products are used for long duration,

on a large body surface area, and under hot humid conditions, percutaneous absorption

is enhanced. The complications of these products are very serious and are sometimes

fatal.

Simpson(2009) said that there are numerous ways to even out skin tone and

control the production of melanin. Here are some of them: (1) Keep a steady supply of

vitamins A, E and C to your skin. Vitamin C inhibits melanin production. This controls the

appearance of pigmentation on the dermis. (2) Keep your skin hydrated all the time. (3)

Use vitamin C as a topical treatment. It works well in making your dermis look more
 11

vibrant. Some people squeeze out lemon juice and apply the juice on their skin. (4) Get

rid of accumulated dead skin cells.

The color of the skin is one of man's major concerns. This area naturally is of great

interest to the cosmetic chemists. Skin color varies with the over-all thickness of the

integument, the state of vascularity and the amount of the pigment in the skin.

According to Edwards and Duntley (2000), there are five primary pigments which

contribute to the color of human skin such as carotene (yellow), oxyhemoglobin (red),

reduced hemoglobin (bluish), melanin, and melanoid. Among these, melanin and

melanoid are the most important since these are the pigments which distinguish the dark-

skinned from the light-skinned individuals. It is well established that melanocytes, located

in the basal layer of the epidermis, are the only cells capable of melanin production.

Therefore, normal or abnormal melanin pigmentation is directly related to anatomical,

physiological and biochemical variations of the melanocyte. Hence, when one speaks of

melanin pigmentation, one has to speak of the melanocyte. A thorough knowledge of

the biological properties of melanocytes is an important prerequisite for the

understanding of normal and abnormal pigmentation.

Coustin, G. E.and Hearing, V. J. (2007) emphasized that human skin exists in a

wide range of different colors and gradations, ranging from white to brown to black,

because it is due to the presence of a chemically inert and stable pigment known as

melanin, which is produced deep inside the skin but is displayed as a mosaic at the

surface of the body. Melanin is therefore responsible for the most striking polymorphic

traits of humans and for the most obvious and thoroughly discussed aspect of human

geographical variability: skin color. Besides its role in defining ethnicity, melanin plays an
 12

essential role in defending the body against harmful UV rays and other environmental

challenges.

According to Joy (2009), skin color is determined by melanin in the skin, but what

is melanin and what does it do? Joy (2009) added that melanin is a pigment in the skin

that results in certain skin color based on genetics and thousands of years of adapting to

a specific region or locale. There are two types of melanin: pheomelanin and eumelanin.

Pheomelanin is more red or yellow in color, while eumelanin is more dark brown or black

in color. People with light skin tend to have more pheomelanin, while those with darker

skin have more eumelanin.

In terms of global distribution, we tend to find people with darker skin tones

centered along the equator, while those with lighter skin tones are found both further north

and south of the equator. This directly relates to the purpose of melanin. To put it simply,

melanin is a natural form of sunscreen. It serves as a shield for the sun against UV

(ultraviolet) rays, where it prevents sunburn and damage to the skin.

Pomelo contains Vitamin C. Chemically, Vitamin C is an alpha ketolactone. It is

monovalent hydroxyl anion at physiologic pH. It is the main water soluble non enzymatic

antioxidant interacting with a variety of free radicals thus providing a front line defense

against free radicals. Dermatologically Vitamin C can be used in wound healing,

cutaneous aging and prevention of skin cancer. In the past, Vitamin C has been marketed

in cosmetic industry for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Vitamin C has the advantage

of stimulating dermal fibroblasts for thesynthesis of collagen thus preventing photoaging

(Royand Sheldon, 1996).

 13

Chris Sherwood (2009) said that whether spending time out in the sun or spending

time in a tanning booth, most people have had some contact to ultraviolet rays. The most

common activity where this contact occurs is tanning. Tanning is the process of using the

effects of ultraviolet light to increase pigmentation in the skin, resulting in a darker skin

tone. Sherwood pointed out that ultraviolet rays have two main forms UVA and UVB.

According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, UVB rays are the more dangerous form of

ultraviolet radiation. They are responsible for the formation of sunburns. UVA rays

penetrate deeper into the skin and influence the deeper skin cells, allowing the rays to

influence the production of melanin. When ultraviolet rays penetrate the skin, the work

directly on cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin,

the substance in your body that give the skin its coloring. The ultraviolet rays work as a

catalyst for the increased production of melanin. The more time spent exposed to

ultraviolet rays, the more melanin that will be released. The greater amount of melanin

released, the darker the tan will become.

According to Taylor (2003), the distinctions between your skin of color and white

skin are numerous. The most notable differences include: More melanin, or brown skin

pigment, resulting in a warmer skin shade, greater natural protection from the sun and

lower risk of skin cancer, fewer visible signs of aging, such as deep wrinkles, fine lines,

and sun spots, potential problems with pigmentation, or uneven darkening or lightening

of skin, greater risk of keloid (raised, often large scars) development, skin of Color

Characteristics. Our skin is made up of three distinct layers: the epidermis, the dermis,

and the subcutaneous layer. The only visible layer, the epidermis, is composed mainly of

keratinocytes -- cells that provide a protective barrier to the skin. The epidermis also
 14

contains melanocytes -- specialized cells that produce melanin, the brown pigment that

gives our skin its rich color. These cells are present in the lowest sublayer of the

epidermis, or the basal cell layer. The primary purpose of the melanocyte cell is to make

melanin. Although all people have the same number of melanocyte cells, people of color

have melanocytes that are capable of making large amounts of melanin. This increased

melanin is what gives skin of color its warm shade. Melanin is not a static substance. That

is why our skin changes color in response to various stimuli. Our melanocyte cells can

produce more melanin if stimulated by the sun, medications, or certain diseases. The

most obvious example of this is tanning, which occurs when our skin produces more

melanin after sun exposure. Our skin may also darken in response to certain drugs such

as minocycline, which is commonly used to treat acne, or in response to certain medical

conditions.

Today, many people are using injections and plastic surgery options to make their

lighter and whiter, but according to Regan (2010), one can treat one issue of older skin--

uneven skin tone--at home with vitamin C. Since pomelo contains Vitamin C, it means

that it can whiten our skin. Uneven skin tone happens when the melanin or pigment in

your skin becomes unevenly distributed, which can be caused by acne scars,

hyperpigmentation, melasma, and many other conditions, and it can affect anyone.

Smartskincare.com says vitamin C is one of the best-known defenses against free radical

damage. Free radicals are reactive molecules that cause tissue damage and are present

in sun rays, pollution and cigarette smoke, among other places. They contribute to uneven

tone by causing skin to lose its elasticity and sag and to become less capable of shedding
 15

dead skin cells, and they can cause skin to be at an even greater risk for developing skin

cancers.

According to the modern pharmacological analysis, the nutritional value of pomelo

is rather high. Pomelo contains abundant carotene, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, mineral

substances, sugar and volatile oil. The peel of pomelo plays an important role in resisting

inflammation for the human body. The flesh of pomelo contains abundant nutrients like

vitamin C and para-insulin and it plays an important role in decreasing the blood fat,

beautifying the skin and helping people lose weight. (Alice White Green, 2011).

According to Downer (2011), skin bleaching is a technique that has been used for

hundreds of years and some of the active ingredients used are still in use today. One of

the oldest remedies is called hydroquinone. Hydroquinone was used as long as the days

of the ancient Persian Empire for a skin bleach. However, today this product has come in

for a lot of opposition due to its carcinogenic properties. Though it remains one of the

most effective skin bleaching agents, it is only legally available in a few countries. As a

result of the toxicity of hydroquinone, one of the safer derivatives of hydroquinone is

preferred. This substitute is a substance called arbutin. Arbutin can be derived from

mulberry, bearberry, white mulberry, and paper mulberry. Lactic acid is also a good

bleaching agent that gives some credence to the Cleopatra claim of bathing in milk. In

addition, lactic acid is also a good exfoliating medium. Azelaic acid that is a treatment for

acne has also been known to provide some skin bleaching benefits.

Most of these treatments are available naturally in some form or the other;

however, for a home remedy, you can use some treatments like vitamin C as a bleaching

medium. This is a simple procedure of taking a vitamin C rich fruit or vegetable acquiring
 16

its juices and applying it topically to the skin every day. To acquire vitamin C, use onion

juice and lemon juice; both of which must be freshly squeezed. Also, increase your dietary

intake of pomegranate, vitamin E, pears, berries, and other plant sources. You should

also increase your intake of peanuts, pineapple and coffee as well.

Georgina R. Clay (2008) said that it requires to have your daily skin care routine

and you use the correct creams and ingredients that will make your skin look younger,

whiter, lighter and bright, its known that vitamin c has potent skin lightening benefits. To

have a lighter skin you need to use ingredients that will absorb the UV rays of the sun to

prevent the sun from darkening your skin and reduce production of melanin which is

responsible for skin darkening. New discoveries have shown that vitamin C has very good

skin health benefits. For example, vitamin C as ascorbyl form has been extensively

tested, it inhibit the production of melanin, which is the pigment that produces a dark color

to the skin. When Vitamin C inhibits the production of melanin it’s just a matter of weeks

before a brighter and lighter skin appears. It also increases the production of collagen

and elastin in the body which reduces wrinkles and aging signs. Vitamin C repairs the

skin when is injured and also regenerates vitamin E. All those benefits of Vitamin C are

great, however there have been some concerns about using vitamin C topically. Skin care

companies have difficulties using vitamin C on their topical creams because vitamin C is

unstable and oxidates when it’s exposed to the air. If vitamin C oxidates it can produce

free radicals on the skin and create damage.

Conceptual Framework
 17

This study is anchored on the concept of developing skin moisturizer extracted

from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel as a valuable contribution to the smoothness of skin

and health benefits. Skin moisturizer from pomelo oil is of low cost compared to the

existing branded skin moisturizer in the market

Research Paradigm

Based from the conceptual framework, the research paradigm is established. The

independent variables are Treatment 1 (100 ml olive oil + 50 ml VCO + 5 ml pomelo oil +

50 ml Beeswax), Treatment 2 (100 ml olive oil + 50 ml VCO + 10 ml pomelo oil + 50 ml

Beeswax), and Treatment 3 (100 ml olive oil + 50 ml VCO + 15 ml pomelo oil + 50 ml

Beeswax). The dependent variable is the perception of the respondent and degree of

acceptability in terms of: color, odor, and texture and evaporation rate of skin moisturizer

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Pomelo (Citrus Maxima) Oil as

Skin Moisturizer

Treatment 1 Perception of the Respondent

and degree of Acceptability in
100 ml olive oil + 50 ml VCO terms of:
+ 5 ml pomelo oil + 50 ml
Beeswax
*Color
Treatment 2 *Odor
*Texture
100 ml olive oil + 50 ml VCO
+ 10 ml pomelo oil + 50 ml
Beeswax
Evaporation Rate of Skin
Treatment 3 Moisturizer

100 ml olive oil + 50 ml VCO

+ 15 ml pomelo oil + 50 ml
Beeswax
 18

Fig. 1 Research Pradigm

RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

In order to pursue the objectives of the study, the following hypotheses are

advanced:

1. There are no significant differences among treatments in terms of color, odor,

and texture.

2. There are no significant differences in the evaporation rate as to the different

level of pomelo oil.

Definition of Terms

Color- is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the categories

called red, green, blue and other. Color categories and physical specifications of color

are also associated with objects, materials, light sources atc., based on their physical

properties as light absorption, reflection, or emission spectra.

Odor- (commonly reffered as smell) is caused by one or more volatilized chemical

compounds, generally at a very low concentration, that human or other animals perceive

by the sense of olfaction. The terms fragrance and aroma are used primarily by the food

and cosmetic industry to describe a pleasant odor, and are sometimes used to refer to

perfumes.

Oil Extracts- are used mainly for topical applications, and as the base for , salves

or ointments. Oil extracts can be taken internally, but they are readily absorbed through

the skin,and can be as much as 70 times more effective at delivering oil-soluble phyto-
 19

chemicals into bloodstream than when the same herbs are ingested. Most beneficial plant

constituents, including alkaloids, are at least partially soluble in oil.

Peel- the outer covering or skin from (a fruit, vegetable, or shrimp)

Texture- is the distribution of crystallographic orientations of a polycrystalline

sample. A sample in which these orientations are fully random is said to have no texture.

If the crystallographic orientations are not random, but have some preferred orientation,

then the sample has a weak, moderate or strong texture.

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter covers the research design, materials and equipment, and research

procedure employed in the study.

Research Design

The study made use of the experimental method. This method is a

systematic and scientific approach to research in which the researcher manipulates one

or more variables, and controls and measures any change in other variables.

The experimental method involves manipulating one variable to determine if

changes in one variable cause changes in another variable. This method relies on

controlled methods, random assignment and the manipulation of variables to test a

 20

hypothesis. The experimental method is usually taken to be the most scientific of all

methods, the ‘method of choice’. The main problem with all non-experimental methods is

lack of control over the situation. An experiment is a study of cause and effect. It differs

from non-experimental methods in that it involves the deliberate manipulation of one

variable, while trying to keep all other variables constant.

Research Locale and Time of the Study

The experiment was conducted at the Biology Laboratory of Romblon State

University from January 18, 2013 to February 16, 2013.

Experimental Design

The Completely Randomized Design (CDR) was utilized in this study. It consisted

of four treatments to determine the effect of the different amount of pomelo peel oil extract

on the rate of color, odor, and texture. The independent variable of the study was the

amount of pomelo peel oil extract, and the perception, acceptability, and evaporation rate

of Pomelo peel as a skin moisturizer as the dependent variables. The experimental

treatments were as follows:

Treatment I = 100 ml olive oil + 50 ml VCO + 5 ml pomelo oil + 50 ml Beeswax

Treatment II = 100 ml olive oil + 50 ml VCO + 10 ml pomelo oil + 50 ml Beeswax

Treatment III = 100 ml olive oil + 50 ml VCO + 15 ml pomelo oil + 50 ml Beeswax

Materials and Equipment Used

 21

The study made use of the necessary materials and equipment as follows:

1. 300ml Olive Oil

2. 150 ml Beeswax
3. 150ml Coconut Oil(VCO)
4. 30ml Pomelo Oil
5. Stirring rod
6. Beaker
7. Knife
8. Graduated cylinder
9. Strainer
10. Pot

Procedure:

1. Mix all ingredients in a pin mason jar.

2. Place in a pot of water (covering ¾ of the jar) and pint on low-med heat.

3. Once all the wax melts, take out of the pot and let cool.

4. Stir vigorously with a fork every 15 minutes until it reaches room temperature.

5. Once it reaches room temperature, you can add any fragrance drop you want.

Research Procedure

Selection of respondents

The respondents involved were thirty students from Romblon State

University – Science High School.

Gathering of materials
 22

The pomelos were gathered from San Andres, Romblon. The beehive was

gathered from Tumingad, Odiongan, Romblon. The Virgin Coconut Oil was only bought

together with the other materials needed from the market.

Mixing of Ingredients

Put the pomelo peel into a casserole with small amount of water. Wait until it boils.

Then, turn off the fire when the water changes its color and the peels were already

brownish. Separate the water from the peels. Put olive oil in a beaker with a fire. Add the

virgin coconut oil together with the beeswax. Mix it on the beaker while the beaker is on

a stove. After mixing it, put it on a glass container and mix it every 15 minutes until its

temperature cool down.

Testing of Treatment

Treatments were rated and observed by respondents.

Gathering and Extraction of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel

The pomelo were gathered from San Andres, Romblon. The pomelo peel were

boiled and squeezed and the extract was filtered with the use of strainer. The extracts

were then placed in a bottle.

Collection of Data

The extraction of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel was done for almost an hour. After

the extraction, the researchers mixed the pomelo peel oil extract with the other
 23

ingredients. The treatments were rated by the respondents in terms of color, odor, and

texture. Finally the results were then tabulated, analyzed and interpreted.

Statistical Treatment of the Data

The study made used of the following statistical tools:

1. To determine the perception of the respondents and the degrees of

acceptability, the weighted mean was used with the formula:

𝐹(𝑥)
𝑥̅ =
𝑁

2. To determine the significant difference among treatments and evaporation rate,

the researchr made used of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA – One Way)

 24

Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data obtained through an

experimental method using treatments and questionnaires regarding the specific

questions in the study.

1. The degrees of acceptability of Pomelo (Citrus Maxima) peel oil as skin

moisturizer in terms of color, odor and texture.

Table 1 A

The Degree of Acceptability of Pomelo (Citrus Maxima) Peel Oil as Skin

Moisturizer in Terms of Color
 25

Color
Treatment W(w) F(x) Xw Weighted Mean
5 0 0
4 3 12
T1 3 20 60
2 5 10 2.8
1 2 2
30 84
5 20 100
4 3 12
T2 3 4 12 4.37
2 3 6
1 0 1
30 131
5 0 0
4 7 28
T3 3 16 48 2.93
2 5 10
1 2 2
30 88
Legend: Descriptive Interpretation
 26

4.51 – 5.0 = Excellent (E)

3.51 – 4.50 = Very Satisfactory (VS)
2.51 – 3.50 = Satisfactory (S)
1.51 – 2.50 = Needs Improvement (NI)
1.0 – 1.50 = Poor (P)

The table shows the degree of acceptability of Pomelo Peel oil as Skin Moisturizer

in terms of color as influenced by different level of ingredient (pomelo oil).

Given the three treatments, treatment 2 was the most observed being VERY

SATISFACTORY with a mean rating of 4.37, followed by treatment 3 with 2.93 mean

rating rated as SATISFACTORY while treatment 1 with a mean rating 2.8 interpreted also

as SATISFACTORY.

As shown in the table, Treatment 2 having the highest weighted mean among three

treatments means that most of the respondents agreed about the color of mixture while

there has been a close relation between treatments 1 and 3 in terms. This means that the

amount pomelo oil in treatment 2 is suitable and pleasing to eye unlike the two treatments.

Table 1 B

The Degree of Acceptability of Pomelo (Citrus Maxima) Peel Oil as Skin

Moisturizer in Terms of Odor
 27

odor

Treatment W(w) F(x) Xw Weighted Mean

5 3 15
4 2 8
T1 3 23 69 3.1
2 1 2
1 1 1
30 93
5 21 105
4 3 12
T2 3 3 9 4.37
2 2 4
1 1 1
30 131
5 1 5
4 9 36
T3 3 5 15 2.87
2 15 30
1 0 0
30 86
Legend: Descriptive Interpretation

4.51 – 5.0 = Excellent (E)

3.51 – 4.50 = Very Satisfactory (VS)
2.51 – 3.50 = Satisfactory (S)
1.51 – 2.50 = Needs Improvement (NI)
1.0 – 1.50 = Poor (P)

The table 1B shows the degree of acceptability in terms of odor as influenced by

different level of ingredient (Pomelo Oil).

In the given treatments, treatment 2 was the most observed being VERY

SATISFACTORY with a mean rating of 4.37 followed by treatment 1 with 3.1 mean rating

rated as SATISFACTORY while treatment 3 with a mean rating 2.87 interpreted as

SATISFACTORY.
 28

Since treatment 2 was rated as very satisfactory by the respondents, this means

that among treatments, respondents believed that the smell of mixture is very likeable.

Table 1 C

The Degree of Acceptability of Pomelo Peel Oil as Skin Moisturizer in Terms of

Texture

Texture
Treatment W(w) F(x) Xw Weighted Mean
5 2 10
4 1 4
T1 3 10 30 2.43
2 12 24
1 5 5
30 73
5 15 75
4 6 24
T2 3 5 15
2 3 6 4.03
1 1 1
30 121
5 2 10
4 8 32
T3 3 5 15 3.9
2 12 60
1 3 0
30 117
Legend: Descriptive Interpretation

4.51 – 5.0 = Excellent (E)

3.51 – 4.50 = Very Satisfactory (VS)
2.51 – 3.50 = Satisfactory (S)
1.51 – 2.50 = Needs Improvement (NI)
1.0 – 1.50 = Poor (P)

The table 1C shows the degree of acceptability in terms of texture as influenced

by different level of ingredient (pomelo oil).

 29

As shown in the table above, treatment 2 was the most observed, being VERY

SATISFACTORY with a mean rating of 4.03 followed by treatment 3 with 3.9 mean rating

rated as VERY SATISFACTORY while treatment 2 with a mean rating 2.43 interpreted

as NEEDS IMPROVEMENT.

As the table presented, treatment 2 got the highest mean rating in terms of texture

with a close relation to treatment 3. This only shows that the texture is comparable to

commercial skin moisturizer.

2. Perception of the respondents in terms of color, odor, texture.

Table 2 A

Perception of the Respondents in terms of Color

Color
 30

Treatment Rating Frequency Percent

Scale
5 0 0%
4 3 10%
T1 3 20 66.67%
2 5 16.67%
1 2 6.67%
5 20 66.67%
4 3 10%
T2 3 4 13.33%
2 3 10%
1 0 0%
5 0 0%
4 7 23.33%
T3 3 16 53.33%
2 5 16.67%
1 2 6.67%

Scale Description
5 Extremely Likely
4 Likely
3 Moderately Likely
2 Unlikely
1 Extremely Unlikely

The table shows the perception of the respondents in terms of color.

Based on the table, treatment 1, rated by the respondents as MODERATELY

LIKELY having highest percentage (66.67%), followed by UNLIKELY (16.67%) and

EXTREMELY UNLIKELY (6.67%).

Treatment 2 rated by the respondents as EXTREMELY LIKELY with 66.67 percent

followed by LIKELY with 13.3%. Some of them or 10% agreed that the mixture in terms

of color where both LIKELY and UNLIKELY.

 31

Treatment 3 was rated as MODERATELY LIKELY with 53.33% total of

respondents followed by LIKELY with 23.33 %. Some of the respondents agreed in terms

of color with UNLIKELY and EXTREMELY LIKELY rating with 16.67% and 6.67%

respectively.

As the table reveals, among all treatments, treatment 2 got the highest percentage

of 66.67% with extremely likely when it comes to color.

100%

90%

80%

70% 5
60% 4
50% 3

40% 2

30% 1

20%

10%

0%
Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3

Figure 2. Graphical Representation on Perception of Respondents in Terms of Color

Table 2 B

Perception of the Respondents in terms of Odor

 32

Odor

Treatment Rating Frequency Percent

Scale
5 3 10%
4 2 6.67%
T1 3 23 76.67%
2 1 3.37%
1 1 3.37%
5 21 70%
4 3 10%
T2 3 3 10%
2 2 6.67%
1 1 3.33%
5 1 3.33%
4 9 30%
T3 3 5 16.67%
2 15 50%
1 0 0% Scale
Description
5 Extremely Likely
4 Likely
3 Moderately Likely
2 Unlikely
1 Extremely Unlikely

The table shows the perception of the respondents in terms of odor.

Based on the table, treatment 1, rated by the respondents as MODERATELY

LIKELY having highest percentage (76.67%), followed by EXTREMELY LIKELY (10%),

LIKELY (6.67%) and both .

Treatment 2 rated by the respondents as EXTREMELY LIKELY with 21 or 70% of

the total respondents, followed by both LIKELY and MODERATELY LIKELY having the

lowest with 3 or 3.33% of each rating rated by the respondents.

 33

Treatment 3 was rated as UNLIKELY with 15 OR 50% of the total of respondents

followed by LIKELY with 9 or 30% of the respondents. Only one or 3.33% of the

respondents agreed in terms of odor to be EXTREMELY LIKELY.

As the table reveals, all treatments were rated as LIKELY by the respondents in

terms of ODOR having the highest percentage.

As the table presented, only treatment 2 was agreed by the respondents as

extremely likely with the highest percentage. This can on only mean that the level of

ingredients is more acceptable than the other treatments.

100%

90%

80%

70% 5
60% 4
50% 3

40% 2

30% 1

20%

10%

0%
Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3

Figure 3. Graphical Representation on Perception of Respondents in Terms of Odor

Table 2 C

Perception of the Respondents in terms of Texture

 34

Texture
Treatment Rating Frequency Percent
Scale
5 2 6.67%
4 1 3.33%
T1 3 10 33.33%
2 12 40%
1 5 16.67%
5 15 50%
4 6 20%
T2 3 5 16.67%
2 3 10%
1 1 3.33%
5 2 6.67%
4 8 26.67%
T3 3 5 16.67% Scale
2 12 40% Description
1 3 10%
5 Soft
4 Mild
3 Sticky
2 Very Sticky
1 Extremely Sticky

The table shows the perception of the respondents in terms of texture.

The table indicates that treatment 1 rated by the respondents as VERY STICKY

having highest percentage of 40%, followed by STICKY with 33.33%, EXTREMELY

STICKY with 16.67%, SOFT with 6.67% and MILD with 3.33%.

Treatment 2 rated by the respondents as SOFT with 50%, followed by MILD with

20%, then STICKY with 16.67%, VERY STICKY with 10% and the lowest is EXTREMELY

UNLIKELY with 3.33%.

 35

Treatment 3 was rated as VERY STICKY with 40% total of respondents followed

by MILD with 26.67% then STICKY with 16.67%, EXTREMELY STICKY with 10 and

SOFT having the lowest percentage with 6.67%

As the table exposes, treatment 2 were rated as SOFT by the respondents in terms

of TEXTURE having the highest percentage. This means among treatments, treatment 2

satisfied the respondents.

100%

90%

80%

70% 5
60% 4
50% 3

40% 2

30% 1

20%

10%

0%
Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3

Figure 3. Graphical Representation on Perception of Respondents in Terms of Texture

 36

3. The significant difference among treatments of Pomelo Oil as skin

moisturizer in terms of Color, Odor, Texture.

Table 3 A

The Analysis of Variance between treatments in terms of Color

Sum of Degrees Mean F – Values

Source of Squares of Squares Computed Tabular
Variation Freedom 5% 1%
Total 103.9 89 **
Between Groups 45.27 2 22.635 33.59 3.10 4.85
Within Groups 58.63 87 0.67

** Significant at 1% level
* Significant at 5% level
NS Not significant

The table shows the analysis of variance between treatments as to color

is concerned. This shows that the computed F value of 33.59 is greater than the tabular

value of 3.10 at 5% level and 4.85 at 1% level of significance. Thus, there is a significant

difference among treatments as to the level of pomelo oil used in terms of color is concern.

Furthermore, the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant difference

between treatment as to color of pomelo oil as ingredient in making skin moisturizer is

rejected.

Table 3 B

The Analysis of Variance between treatments in terms of Odor

Source of Sum of Degrees Mean F – Values

Variation Squares of Squares Computed Tabular
Freedom 5% 1%
Total 134.22 89 **
Between Groups 39.09 2 19.55 17.93 3.10 4.58
Within Groups 95.13 87 1.09
** Significant at 1% level
* Significant at 5% level
 37

NS Not significant

The table shows the analysis of variance between treatments as to Odor is

concerned. This shows that the computed F value of 17.93 is greater than the tabular

value of 3.10 at 5% level and 4.58 at 1% level of significance. Thus, there is a significant

difference among treatments as to the level of pomelo oil used in terms of odor is concern.

The null hypothesis which states that there is no significant difference between treatments

as to odor of pomelo oil as ingredient in making skin moisturizer is rejected.

Table 3 C

The Analysis of Variance between treatments in terms of Texture

* Significant at 1% level
** Significant at 5% level
Source of Sum of Degrees Mean F – Values
Variation Squares of Squares Computed Tabular
Freedom 5% 1%
Total 62.68 89 **
Between Groups 47.29 2 23.65 133.67 3.10 4.85
Within Groups 15.39 87 0.18
NS Not significant

The table shows the analysis of variance between treatments as to texture is

concerned. This shows that the computed F value of 133.67 is greater than the tabular

value of 3.10 at 5% level and 4.85 at 1% level of significance. Thus, there is a significant

difference among treatments as to the level of pomelo oil used in terms of texture is

concern. The null hypothesis which states that there is no significant difference between

treatments as to texture of pomelo oil as ingredient in making skin moisturizer is rejected.

4. Mean Difference on the Evaporation Rate between Treatments

 38

Table 4 A
Mean Difference on the Evaporation Rate between Treatments

Replication
Treatments R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Total Mean
1-3 min 4-6 min 7-9 min 10-12 min 13-15 min
T1 4 3 3 2 1 13 2.6
T2 4 3 3 2 2 14 2.8
T3 5 4 3 3 2 17 3.4

Legend: Descriptive Interpretation

4.51 – 5.0 = Excellent (E)

3.51 – 4.50 = Very Satisfactory (VS)
2.51 – 3.50 = Satisfactory (S)
1.51 – 2.50 = Needs Improvement (NI)
1.0 – 1.50 = Poor (P)

As revealed in the table above, Treatment 3 obtained the highest mean score of

3.4 followed by Treatment 2 with mean rating of 2.8 and Treatment with 2.6 mean rating

being the lowest among all treatments. All treatments were rated as SATISFACTORY.

Among treatments, treatment 3 has been observed the fastest evaporation rate.

Table 4 B
Analysis of Variance of the Evaporation Rate among Treatments

Source of Sum of Degree Mean F – Values

Variation Square Of Square Computed Tabular
Freedom 5% 1%
Total 15 14 **
Between Groups 12.26 4 3.065 11.19 3.11 5.4903
Within Groups 2.74 10 0.274

The table shows the analysis of variance of mean score in terms of the evaporation

rate. Since the computed F value of 11.19 is larger than the tabular value of 3.11 at 5%

and 5.4903 at 1% level of significance. It reveals that there is a significant difference on

the evaporation rate among three treatments. Hence, the level of the ingredients has a

significant difference when it is applied to the mixture. This rejects the null hypothesis.
 39

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS

 40

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendation of the
study.

SUMMARY

This study was conducted to determine the acceptability of Pomelo peel oil as

skin moisturizer.

Specifically, this sought to answer the following question:

1. What is the degree of acceptability of Pomelo peel as skin moisturizer in

terms of:

a. Color,

b. Odor,

c. Texture ?

2. What is the perception of the respondents towards the homemade skin

moisturizer in terms of:

a. Color,

b. Odor,

c. Texture ?

3. Is there any significant difference among the treatments of Pomelo peel oil as

skin moisturizer ?

4. Is there any significant difference among treatments as to the evaporation

rate?
The study made use of the experimental method of research. The experimental

method is a systematic and scientific approach to research in which the researcher

 41

manipulates one or more variables, and controls and measures any changes in other

variables.

To determine the perception of the respondents, degree of acceptability and the

evaporation rate of the skin moisturizer, weighted mean were used.

To determine the significant difference among treatments and evaporation rate,

the research made used of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA – One Way).

Findings

The findings of the study were presented corresponding to and in the same manner

that the questions are raised in Chapter 1.

Degrees of acceptability of Pomelo peel oil as skin moisturizer as to color,

odor and texture.

Color. Treatment 2 was the most observed being VERY SATISFACTORY with a

mean rating of 4.37, followed by treatment 3 with 2.93 mean rating rated as

SATISFACTORY while treatment 1 with a mean rating 2.8 interpreted also as

SATISFACTORY.

Treatment 2 having the highest weighted mean among three treatments means

that most of the respondents agreed about the color of mixture while there has been a

close relation between treatments 1 and 3 in terms. This means that the amount pomelo

oil in treatment 2 is suitable and pleasing to eye unlike the two treatments.

Odor. Treatment 2 was the most observed being VERY SATISFACTORY with a

mean rating of 4.37 followed by treatment 1 with 3.1 mean rating rated as
 42

SATISFACTORY while treatment 3 with a mean rating 2.87 interpreted as

SATISFACTORY.

Since treatment 2 was rated as very satisfactory by the respondents, this means

that among treatments, respondents believed that the smell of mixture is very likeable.

Texture. As shown in the table above, treatment 2 was the most observed, being

VERY SATISFACTORY with a mean rating of 4.03 followed by treatment 3 with 3.9 mean

rating rated as VERY SATISFACTORY while treatment 2 with a mean rating 2.43

interpreted as NEEDS IMPROVEMENT.

Treatment 2 got the highest mean rating in terms of texture with a close relation to

treatment 3. This only shows that the texture is comparable to commercial skin

moisturizer.

Perceptions of the respondents towards the homemade skin moisturizer as

to color, odor, and texture.

Color. Treatment 1, rated by the respondents as MODERATELY LIKELY having

highest percentage (66.67%), followed by UNLIKELY (16.67%) and EXTREMELY

UNLIKELY (6.67%).

Treatment 2 rated by the respondents as EXTREMELY LIKELY with 66.67 percent

followed by LIKELY with 13.3%. Some of them or 10% agreed that the mixture in terms

of color where both LIKELY and UNLIKELY.

Treatment 3 was rated as MODERATELY LIKELY with 53.33% total of

respondents followed by LIKELY with 23.33 %. Some of the respondents agreed in terms
 43

of color with UNLIKELY and EXTREMELY LIKELY rating with 16.67% and 6.67%

respectively.

Among all treatments, treatment 2 got the highest percentage of 66.67% with

extremely likely when it comes to color.

Odor. Treatment 1, rated by the respondents as MODERATELY LIKELY having

highest percentage (76.67%), followed by EXTREMELY LIKELY (10%), LIKELY (6.67%)

and both .

Treatment 2 rated by the respondents as EXTREMELY LIKELY with 21 or 70% of

the total respondents, followed by both LIKELY and MODERATELY LIKELY having the

lowest with 3 or 3.33% of each rating rated by the respondents.

Treatment 3 was rated as UNLIKELY with 15 OR 50% of the total of respondents

followed by LIKELY with 9 or 30% of the respondents. Only one or 3.33% of the

respondents agreed in terms of odor to be EXTREMELY LIKELY.

All treatments were rated as LIKELY by the respondents in terms of ODOR having

the highest percentage.

Only treatment 2 was agreed by the respondents as extremely likely with the

highest percentage. This can on only mean that the level of ingredients is more

acceptable than the other treatments.

 44

Texture. Treatment 1 rated by the respondents as VERY STICKY having highest

percentage of 40%, followed by STICKY with 33.33%, EXTREMELY STICKY with

16.67%, SOFT with 6.67% and MILD with 3.33%.

Treatment 2 rated by the respondents as SOFT with 50%, followed by MILD with

20%, then STICKY with 16.67%, VERY STICKY with 10% and the lowest is EXTREMELY

UNLIKELY with 3.33%.

Treatment 3 was rated as VERY STICKY with 40% total of respondents followed

by MILD with 26.67% then STICKY with 16.67%, EXTREMELY STICKY with 10 and

SOFT having the lowest percentage with 6.67%

Based on the results, treatments 2 were rated as SOFT by the respondents in

terms of TEXTURE having the highest percentage. This means among treatments,

treatment 2 satisfied the respondents.

Differences among treatments of Pomelo peel oil as skin moisturizer as to

color, odor, and texture.

Color. The computed F value of 33.59 is greater than the tabular value of 3.10 at

5% level and 4.85 at 1% level of significance. Thus, there is a significant difference among

treatments as to the level of pomelo oil used in terms of color is concern. Furthermore,

the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant difference between treatment

as to color of pomelo oil as ingredient in making skin moisturizer is rejected.

Odor. The computed F value of 17.93 is larger than the tabular value of 3.10 at

5% level and 4.58 at 1% level of significance. Therefore, there is a significant difference

 45

among treatments as to the level of pomelo oil used in terms of odor is concern. The null

hypothesis which states that there is no significant difference between treatments as to

odor of pomelo oil as ingredient in making skin moisturizer is rejected.

Texture. The computed F value of 133.67 is greater than the tabular value of 3.10

at 5% level and 4.85 at 1% level of significance. Thus, there is a significant difference

among treatments as to the level of pomelo oil used in terms of texture is concern. The

null hypothesis which states that there is no significant difference between treatments as

to texture of pomelo oil as ingredient in making skin moisturizer is rejected.

Differences on the Evaporation rate between Treatments. Treatment 3

obtained the highest mean score of 3.4 followed by Treatment 2 with mean rating of 2.8

and Treatment with 2.6 mean rating being the lowest among all treatments. All treatments

were rated as SATISFACTORY.

Among treatments, treatment 3 has been observed the fastest evaporation rate.

The computed F value of 11.19 is larger than the tabular value of 3.11 at 5% and

5.4903 at 1% level of significance. It reveals that there is a significant difference on the

evaporation rate among three treatments. Hence, the level of the ingredients has a

significant difference when it is applied to the mixture. This rejects the null hypothesis.

Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
 46

1. As to the degrees of acceptability in terms of color, odor, and texture,

TREATMENT 2 is more acceptable among three treatments.

2. Treatment 2 perceived by the respondents as extremely likely having the highest

mean rating.

3. As to the differences among three treatments, there is a significant difference in

terms of color, odor and texture with the different level of pomelo oil used.

4. As to the evaporation rate, treatment 3 is the most observed having the fastest

treatment to evaporate.

Recommendations
Based fro the results of the study, the researchers hereby recommend the
following:

1. Pomelo (citrus maxima) fruit which is very abundant in the locality should be

used for homemade skin moisturizer as it does not pose no danger to skin because of its

organic components.

2. Chemical analysis should be undertaken on Pomelo fruit to determine its

chemical composition for better understanding of the plants.

3. Researcher should improve the quality of their skin moisturizer extracted to be

acceptable in the market.

4. Experiment on the other parts of pomelo should be made in order to determine

what part of the plant is the most effective for other cosmetics use.

5. Once modified, introduction of homemade skin moisturizer to the household is

encouraged so that the community will be aware of its use and benefits.
 47

6. To disseminate the result of this research, and information dissemination or

seminar in Barangay must be conducted.