CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

People tend to be conscious of themselves because of their faces and skin, that’s why the

goal of most people in terms of beauty and skin care, especially Filipinos, is to achieve fair

complexion and clear skin. Scar is one of the hardest parts of a human’s skin to remove

because most scars seem impossible to remove and others permanently remain on a

person’s skin. A scar will seem like a “buddy” since it became a part of the person. Most

scars contain stories behind them that’s why people get judged or defined by their scars

which makes the people — especially women, very conscious of themselves regarding their

physical appearance.

Every time they bought their skin products in different department stores, online

sites and other places, they mostly base on the ingredients such as coconut oil, tea tree oil,

apple cider vinegar, raw honey, sea salt, avocado, lemon essential oil, argan oil, almond oil,

shea butter and castor oil to lighten or smallen the size of the scar until it wasn’t noticeable

by many. Of all the ingredients, the researchers come up with three ingredients: Aloe Vera,

lemon grass extract, and cacao.

These plants contain different substances that helped solve problems caused by

products that are unsuitable for some skin types such as redness, swelling, burning, itching,

allergies, genetic makeup and irritants. Some products may also contain diseases that can

cause dermatitis, hives and other skin conditions. Many skin problems such as acne may

affect appearance and can also develop several kinds of cancer. Aside from having many

different effects, each of the three may consider safe for skin, since each has already skin

healing properties.

1
 Aloe Vera is known as the “plant of immorality”, “healing property” and vulnerary. This

was used as a primary compound for cosmetic industry. It has two hormones called Auxin

and Gibberellins that provide wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties. According to

the Mayo clinic, “Aloe Vera is useful in treating wounds and burns, minor skin infection,

cysts and elevated blood lipids in human and persistent conditions such as eczema, genital

herbs, dandruff and others. Additionally, Aloe is used to effectively heal chronic skin

problems such as psoriasis and acne.

Second, Lemon grass or Cymbopogon (scientific name) also has skin healing properties,

which makes it an effective cleanser for all types of skin. It has antiseptic and astringent

properties that make its extract perfect for getting even and glowing skin. Lemongrass

extract is a source of essential vitamins such as Vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, folate and

Vitamin C. It can sterilize your pores, serve as a natural toner and strengthen your skin

tissues.

The last ingredient, Cacao, blocks harmful radicals, protects the body against premature

aging, has a good amount of Vitamin C and magnesium which protects the skin and keeps it

healthy, Omega 6 fatty acids which help in cellular healing and heals wounds and scars, raw

enzyme which helps in repairing the cell and its rejuvenation, super absorbent properties

that protect the skin from harmful UV rays and acts as a natural sunscreen, improves skin

complexion and hydrates the skin. Cacao has high levels of antioxidants that repair the skin

from damage. And as a potent anti-inflammatory, it soothes redness and blemishes,

improving the skin’s complexion.

Skin is the natural layer of a tissue that covers the entire body. These days, whitening,

scar healing and moisturizer products are everywhere. In this study, the researchers

experimented and discovered the outcomes of the aloe vera, lemongrass juice extract and

crushed cacao when combined into a scar healing gel. If proven effective, it can be for

2
personal use, or be marketed for a future business. The researchers chose to study this

because as women, they wanted to discover something new and possibly create an

innovated skin care product made up of natural ingredients which can be considered “all-in-

one” because of all the benefits it offers which most people look for in a skin care product,

which can benefit not only them, but also other people especially those who find it hard to

find a product that can help them achieve their desired skin and at the same time safe and

suitable for their skin type.

Statement of the Problem

This study was about making a product out of the mixture of three natural

ingredients; the researchers want to know if it was possible to mix aloe vera gel, lemongrass

juice extract and crushed cacao and if it was effective to be a scar healing gel. Hence, this

study especially sought answer to the following questions:

1. What are the skin benefits of aloe vera gel, lemongrass juice extract and crushed

cacao as a scar healing gel?

2. What happen to the mixture of Aloe Vera Gel, Lemongrass juice extract and

Crushed Cacao in terms of:

a) Smell

b) Color

c) Structure

3. What are the effects of the product after application?

4. What could the product recommend to other future related researchers?

3
Hypothesis of the Study

This study was intended to make the gel with lemon grass juice extract, crushed

cacao and aloe vera possible by means of testing its affectivity. Experiments will be used to

help and give information to the researchers as evidence. Experiments will be conducted to

reach the desired result which is to come up with a gel made with the combination of

lemongrass juice extract, crushed cacao and aloe vera to help nourish and heal wounded

scars. If the procedure and measurements were not correctly followed the expected result

may not be achieve. If the study results to a null outcome, the study will still serve as a guide

to future researchers who wish to conduct the same or a related experiment.

Objectives of the Study

This study aimed to create an all-organic product through experimentation. Hence, this

study was anchored in the following objectives:

1. To identify the benefits of aloe vera, lemongrass juices extract and crushed cacao as

a scar healing gel.

2. To determine the mixture of aloe vera, lemongrass juice extract, crushed cacao in

terms of:

a) Smell

b) Color

c) Structure

3. To identify the effects of the product when applied to the scar.

4. To know if the product is recommendable to other future related researchers.

4
Significance of the Study

The significance of the study attempted to draw out the feasibility of making a scar

healing gel and also determined the compatibility and feasibility of the mixture of the three

natural ingredients. Thus, the researchers deemed it necessary and significant the

participation of the following individuals;

Botanist. The search and findings of new species that may lead to experiments to discover

the growth, structure and condition of plants especially aloe vera, lemongrass and tree of

cacao.

Chemist. The study will provide knowledge and information about a new substance as the

three natural ingredients are combined as a skin healing gel.

Dermatologists. This will provide support for cosmetic issues. Helping the patients to

revitalize the appearance of their skin and the condition itself.

Consumers. The study will inform the consumers how safe are the product conducted.

School. The research will serve as an accomplishment and will bring pride and

accomplishment to the school.

Students. This will serve as their guide and source of information in conducting an

experimental research.

Future Entrepreneurs. This will create opportunity to start their own business with the

said product and provide them knowledge in mixing the three natural ingredients.

Future researchers . The ideas presented may be used as reference data in conducting new

research or testing the validity of other related findings. This study will serve as their cross-

reference that will give them a background review of mixing the three natural ingredients.

5
Scope and Delimitations

This study was primarily aimed on the mixture of the three ingredients wherein

these three natural ingredients each have individual skin healing properties. Such as,

antioxidants that blocks harmful free radicals, anti-inflammatory properties, effective

cleanser for all types of skin and more other skin healing properties that the researchers

have been gathered and discovered in the process of the study.

Furthermore, this study focused only in the main ingredients which were aloe vera,

lemongrass juice extract and crushed cacao, to make an effective scar healing product. This

feasibility determined if these three natural ingredients are more effective when combined

than individually.

6
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presented the review of related literature and studies both local and

foreign which were taken from different sources that was relevant or was connected to the

study. This chapter also included the theoretical and conceptual framework, synthesis of the

art and gaps bridged by the study.

Foreign Literature

“Herbal Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals: An Overview” (2015), a published article

focusing on the ‘advantages of Herbal Cosmetics over synthetic’ articulated that Herbal

cosmetics are the modern trend in the field of beauty and fashion. These agents were

gaining popularity as nowadays most women prefer natural products over chemicals for

their personal care to enhance their beauty as these products supply the body with

nutrients and enhance health and provide satisfaction.

It was related to the study because the product that the researchers have decided to

create here was a product composed of natural ingredients that may preferably be chosen

by people especially women who’s into natural or organic cosmetic products because of its

less side effects compared to the synthetic cosmetics.

According to Bray (2016), the findings in media reports and from companies that

produced natural and organic cosmetic products stated that, cosmetic and personal care

products have plenty of ‘dangerous’ chemicals, but were apparently being considered safe

by the authorities that regulate such things.”

7
 Since there were cosmetic products with dangerous chemicals being distributed

because of officials or authorities who still considers it despite of its harmful containment,

researchers of the study come up in making a scar healing gel, a product composed only of

three natural ingredients,

“Hazardous Ingredients in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products and Concern”,

(2015), expressed that most harmful substances are in the form of preservatives and

fragrances that were studied as toxic and were not allowed to be used as an ingredient

because it can cause cancer, mutation, reproductive toxicity, and endocrine disruption.

Heavy metals are also incorporated to beauty product for many purposes. It can cause

damage to the internal body organ of animals and humans.

The above mention stated that the most harmful substances in beauty products

were usually in the form of preservatives and fragrance. Since the researcher of the study

aimed to produce a product out of natural ingredients, the preservative and fragrance used

are also natural and organic, lemongrass juice extract as the fragrance and there are no

preservatives added in the product.

The foregoing finding generally manifest, Tanner, (2017) pointed out in an article

that an alarming study was conducted by Herbal Research foundation and revealed that the

skin absorbs up to 60 percent of the chemicals in products that came in contact with

directly into the bloodstream.

It shows that skin was a complicated system that protects persons’ internal

environment from everything but chemicals from products can cause harm depending on

the amount that penetrates and are absorbed and how chemical act once it was inside the

body. That’s why the study by the researcher has the goal of making a natural and organic

8
product that may leave comfort to consumer that its more safe to use than other products

that uses synthetic and harmful substances.

Dr. L.H Hiranandani, (2010) stated that herbal products were also referred as

natural cosmetics or natural products which are safe to use instead of using traditional

synthetic products that may contain harmful chemicals that could be a toxic to skin. Since

natural products were made of natural ingredients it also consists of natural and organic

ingredients.

It was related to the study since the researchers are about to produce a product out

of natural ingredients that can be also called as natural cosmetic or natural product as

stated above.

Local Literature

According to Philippine Herbal Medicine, (2009), Tanglad or Lemongrass was a

commercially-viable plant that was cultivated mainly for the fragrance that it produces. It

can be easily found in most Asian countries, and is widely cultivated in tropical areas. By

nature, tanglad is a permanent or perennial plant, and the benefits of which are not

restricted to its fragrance. The utility of tanglad basically lies in its leaves, where all the

benefits are derived. What can be seen of this plant are mainly its leaves,

which allowed easy access to the main part that is needed in order to enjoy tanglad's health

benefits. It constitutes most of what appears of this plant above ground, as the leaves grow

up to one meter in length, and are flat in shape. Lemon grass also displays anti-bacterial

activities and anti-fungal properties. Also, it tones the muscles and the tissues, and thus

makes the skin firmer.

9
 The article was related to the study because one of the main purposes of the

experiment involved improvements in the skin, which can be found in Lemongrass. It was

also a key for skin healing because of its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties that

protect the skin. The relaxing scent it gives was just a plus.

According to Philippine EJournals (2012), cacao is a folk remedy for alopecia, burns,

cough, dry lips, eyes, fever, listlessness, malaria, nephrosis, parturition, pregnancy,

rheumatism, snakebite, and wounds. With its wide range of medicinal values, its activity

against selected bacterial isolates will be determined in order to find alternative substances

that will prevent the widespread of bacterial infection. This study used the experimental

research method to determine the antibacterial activity of cacao (Theobroma cacao Linn.)

pulp crude extract against selected bacterial isolates including Staphylococcus aureus ATCC

25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 using the

paper disc diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum

Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and the biological stability of cacao against the test

microorganisms were also determined using the tube dilution method. Stability tests were

also performed such as the determination of the effects of pH and temperature on the

activity of cacao against bacterial isolates. 

It was significant to the study because with the many benefits of Cacao, it is one of

the best ingredients for skin healing because of its anti-bacterial properties which can’t only

heal, but also prevent infection or further spread of bacteria.

According to Manila Bulletin, (2010), if there is a household plant which is popular

among housewives because of its amazing medicinal uses – it is aloe vera (known as Sabila

in Tagalog and the scientific name of sabila is aloe lanzae DC),.  This wonderful plant which

is incredibly diverse in its uses was one of the oldest known herbal medicines dating back to

10
ancient Egypt.  Aloe vera has been called the “plant of immortality” by the Egyptians. Today,

aloe vera, native to North America, Southern Europe and Canary Islands was grown in

places around the world with tropical climate – one of which is the Philippines. Aloe vera is

famous not only for its various health uses but also because well-known personalities in

ancient history reportedly used the leaves for its health benefits: Cleopatra and Nefertiti,

two queens of Egypt applied the gel of the aloe vera leaves to keep their skin soft.

Today, aloe vera is a million dollar industry and researchers are now beginning to

unlock more and more benefits derived from this green-cactus looking succulent plant that

can grow up to 40 inches in height. One of the most crucial element found in aloe vera gel is

a complex carbohydrate known as acemannan which allows nutrients to reach the cell,

nourish them and at the same time relieve them of toxins. Aloe vera produces at least six

natural antiseptics which are able to kill molds, bacteria, funguses and viruses.   No wonder

researchers and scientists are looking into the potential of aloe vera as an AIDS and cancer

fighter.

According to Philstar (2010), modern researchers have shown that aloe vera, called

by 16th century Americans as the "medicinal plant" or "potted physician," helps enhance

resistance to infections, cancers and other diseases. The healthy glow on the skin and luster

of the hair are just bonus beneficial effects. Clinical researches published in reputable

journals reveal that aloe vera can help heal wounds, support surgical recovery, soothe

burns, minimize frostbite damage, screen out radiation, heal psoriasis lesions, and others

benefits including prolonging survival of cancer patients.

This was essential to the study because its main focus involves skin healing. Aloe

Vera can be used to heal different types of skin ailments although the researchers only

focused on scars.

11
 According to zamboanga.com (2009), aloe vera was a traditional and herbal remedy

for burns, and used to heals wounds and cure various skin conditions. Aloe Ferox (Aloe) has

been traditionally used in wound healing since ancient times. The Egyptians were using

Aloe as early as 1500BC. Aloe contains a number of active compounds that have proven

healing properties and an excellent effect on skin health, growth and repair. It was not

surprising that Aloe has a history of being a common household remedy and is found in

many commercial skin care preparations. The aloe vera gel can be applied directly to the

wound. It can heal a new cut, abrasion, or an insect bite. The soothing effect of the aloe vera

gel can be felt almost immediately. If applied immediately to a cut or wound, prevents the

onset of an infection.

The researchers’ main purpose for the study involves the scar healing specifically,

which can be answered by the three ingredients: aloe vera, cacao and lemongrass which

each contain antiseptic, anti-bacterial and healing properties which make the three as a

good agent in skin healing and other additional benefits.

Foreign Study

Patel (June 2018), Aloe vera is a common houseplant that has traditionally been

used topically to alleviate burns and pain on the skin. It also contains large amounts of anti-

oxidants. Aloe vera is a herb traditionally used to ease digestion as folk remedy and to

alleviate pain from burns when used topically.

It has recently gained popularity as an anti-obesity agent. Preliminary studies show

benefit with aloe vera in controlling weight, but the mechanisms do not seem as potent as

other anti-obesity supplements. Aloe vera was also a generally healthy compound, but has

12
been implicated in multiple cases of liver problems (which are not too common, although

resurgent) and has a low toxicity threshold than other herbal supplements.

This study was related to our study because like it’s traditional use, our study aims

to heal some skin ailments such as scars.

According to Hamaa and Aly (December 2012) Lemongrass (Cymbopogon)

represents an important genus about 120 species that grows in tropical and subtropical

regions around the world on account on their diverse uses in pharmaceutical cosmetics,

food, flavor and agricultural industries.

Cymbopogon is commonly used in folk medicine for treatment of nervous and

gastrointestinal disturbances and anti- inflammatory. Studies on extracts from cymbopogon

leaves have demonstrated anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-fungal activities.

These statements are related to our study because in this research, we aim to use

lemongrass as part of a cosmetic product to heal scars. This also states that Lemongrass is a

great agent in anti-microbial and anti-fungal activities.

Wilson (October 2017), lemon grass is a tropical grassy plant used I cooking and

producing herbal medicine. Extracted from the leaves and stalks of the lemon grass plant,

lemon grass essential oil has a powerful, citrus scent. It’s often found in soaps and other

personal care products.

Although lemongrass has traditionally been used to treat digestive problems and

high blood pressure, the essential oil has many other potential health benefits. For example,

it’s becoming a popular tool in aromatherapy to help relieve stress, anxiety and depression.

Lemongrass has anti-oxidant properties. Research has shown that lemongrass essential oil

helps hunt free radicals.

13
 This is significant to the study because even if the researchers only focused on scar

healing, Lemongrass also has many other advantages such as its anti-oxidant properties

which are essential in a skin care and cosmetic product.

According to Linda, L. (April 2018), new research shows there might be health

benefits to eating certain types of dark chocolate, according to findings from two studies

being presented today at the Experimental Biology 2018.

It has positive effects on stress levels, inflammation, mood, memory and immunity.

The flavonoids found in cacao are extremely potent antioxidants andante-inflammatory

agents, with known mechanisms beneficial for brain and cardiovascular health.

This is connected to the study because even if the researchers focused on the

natural ingredients’ skin healing properties, each of them still contain different skin effects

that people look for in a skin care product.

According to Bastmaker and Daud (2011), the aloe vera plant has been known and

used for centuries for its health, beauty, medicinal and skin care products. The rich

nutrient and medicating substances contained in aloe like polysaccharides and vitamins are

widely used in cosmetics industry in skin creams, lotions and special treatment

preparations aimed at resolving a large number of skin problem. Their high antioxidants

properties slow down the aging process. This helps cells to become stronger in combating

the negative effects caused by oxygen and the broad spectrum radiation to which human

skin is exposed daily.

This study is relevant to the present study because aloe was also used as one of the

healing plant that is used in our skin to treat various skin problems.

14
Local Study

According to, Naron, Marc Joseph, et, al. (March 2005), a published research paper:

“Papaya, cucumber and kalamansi as an alternative for whitening cream”, that plants and

vegetables contains extracts that may safely treat the skin. All natural ingredients gives

usage and much more safe than buying expensive products that may cause risk to the skin.

Lemon or Kalamansi and lemon grass extract share the same trait; they are not related in

terms of type of plant, because Lemon grows on tree while lemongrass is a type of grass, but

the word ‘Lemon’, meaning ‘Citral’. They both contain a few same constituent ingredients:

citral and citronellal aldehydes and limonene terpene, making them useful for cleaning and

fighting infections. Both extracts can definitely apply to skin.

With the said ingredients, especially calamansi, or Lemon extract, it is suitable for all

skin types, that may smooth or smoothen the skin and an extra contains glycerine that

retails moisture to keep the skin soft and smooth. It is refreshing & cleansing, and removes

dead skin cells to brighten and complexion.

Another study conducted by the Food Science Technology (March 2013) describes

that “Aloe Vera subjected to HHP treatments at 150, 250, 300, 450 and 500 in MPA for 5

minutes. That may affect the quality during processing and storage. It also states that Aloe

Vera gel can hold until 60 days at a room temperature. But with the heat, it may break the

firmness of a gel that may retain water from moisture.

Their results showed that the ingredient has a potential use in preservation as much

as treating the skin for days that would be beneficial for producing a product as a high

quality ingredient. The researcher has obtained the knowledge that Aloe Vera can last long

for 60 days helps our study in terms of creating a product that would be use by the citizen

15
for months. According from the study of Mathialagan, R. (April 2014), they used

microwave-assisted MAHD and HP method to turn the lemon grass, with the heating source,

into an extract.

And with this kind of study, they found out that lemon grass is much more beneficial

than other natural essential oils. The results of the Lemongrass or Cymbopogon Citrus

obtained in the study encourages people to apply lemongrass extract for the skin as an skin

healing agent.

Tradimalla, (2018) Another natural ingredient that shares the same character as the

Aloe Vera, is tomato. Tomatoes are water content that moisturize the skin and keep it

healthy.

With much more safety and to avoid uncertain risk for the skin, many researchers

and developers use plants that has water content, from moisture to water that is suitable

for all skin types.

According to the study of Ramos, J., (May 12 2016) p. 18, results that cocoa is

healthy for all. It contains various vitamins and proteins especially iron, calcium, and

magnesium. It has 40 times the antioxidants of blueberries and is the highest-plant based of

iron.

Cacao is not only planted of a shade for chocolate, coffee, tea and vanilla, but also

serves as a great ingredient for applying to the skin. The study presented shows how safe

cacao is and that it cannot only serve as food to satisfy the appetite of a person but it can

also be applied to the skin in terms of the great quality that cacao has. Many people have

studied the three natural ingredients, especially aloe vera. There are some plants that are

related to the three natural ingredients such as papaya, cucumber, tomato and calamansi

16
that may serve treatment for the skin, sharing the same qualities and characteristics of each

plant.

Theoretical Framework

Skin Theory according to Christi Harris, it was the scientific principles of how the

skin functions. She explained and determined that the skin could actually be balanced and

repaired by using treatment products containing natural ingredients that the skin

recognized, in a precise and consistent order, and in conjunction with very specific

technique and cleansing, daily exfoliating, masking, hydrating and sealing in moisture.

It is anchored to the present study because researchers used natural ingredients

such as, Aloe Vera, Lemongrass and Cacao that already contained natural skin healing

properties and benefits such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and help to moisturized

the skin and make it glow and be healthy.

17
 SKIN THEORY
By: Christi Harris

Mixture of Aloe Vera Gel,

Lemongrass Extract and
Crushed Cacao as a Scar
healing Gel

Natural Ingredients as a
treatment product

Figure A.

Theoretical Paradigm

18
Conceptual Framework

This presented the conceptual framework of the study in which showed the process

on how the researcher conducted the experiment in able to come up with a Scar Healing Gel

that was composed of three natural ingredients; the aloe vera, lemongrass juice extract and

crushed cacao that would be a tool in achieving the objective of the study. The researchers

put up their concept about the experiment in this conceptual framework. Based on the data

shown on Figure 2, the raw materials or ingredients used by the researchers in conducting

the study were aloe vera, lemongrass, cacao that helps to formulate the product. The main

process that the researchers conducted to produce the skin healing gel is to mix and

combine the ingredients, and after which the product can be produced.

19
 The Mixture of 3
Natural Ingredients as a
Scar Healing Gel

The smell, color and structure of the

mixture of Aloe Vera , Lemongrass
Juice Extract & Crushed Cacao

Applying the product to the scar

and determining its effects on the
skin

Prepare a summary of the research

to serve as a recommendation to
other future related studies
Figure B.

Conceptual Paradigm

20
Gaps to be bridged by the Study

The literature and studies presented discussed about the benefits and advantages of

the three natural ingredients: the aloe vera, lemongrass and cacao. It tackled the sensitivity

and absorption of skin and how it can be harmed by different chemical substances once a

product is applied. It also showed important information that is related to our study.

However, none of them proposed of mixing aloe vera gel, lemongrass juice extracted and

crushed cacao to become a scar healing gel. Thus, this experiment aimed to determine the

combination of the three natural ingredients and determines whether it was feasible or

ineffective.

Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art

As the researchers reviewed and analyzed the stated literature and studies, it

helped the researcher to meet new concept and ideas that would guide the study to be more

relevant and useful. The researchers were able to identify the similarities and difference of

the data to the presented data. The review of related literature showed the brief character

of each natural ingredient, especially aloe vera with its benefits and usefulness in one

person’s need. Combining the three natural ingredients into a scar healing gel may help the

citizen, especially teenagers to replenish and rejuvenate, and to treat their scars. The

similarity of these literatures and studies in this feasibility was all about the uses of aloe

vera as a gel, lemongrass as juice extract and crushed cacao in treating and taking care of

the skin.

21
Definition of Terms

In order to have a clear and better understanding of the terms used, the researchers

defined the terms conceptually and operationally.

Aloe vera. It is a gelatinous substances obtained from a kind of aloe, used especially in

cosmetics as an emollient and for the treatment of burns and also used in cosmetics and

skin creams. In this study it is used as one of the natural ingredients in the feasibility study.

Mixture. It is a combination of different qualities, things, or emotions in which the

component elements are individually distinct. In this study it will serve as a process in

making the product of the study.

Cacao. It is a beanlike seeds from which cocoa, cocoa butter, and chocolate are made . It was

used as one of the natural ingredients in the study.

Lemon grass. It is fragrant tropical grass that yields oil that smells lemon. It is widely used

in Asian cooking and in perfumery and medicine. In this study it was used as one of the

natural ingredients in the product of the study.

Gel. It is a jellylike substance containing a cosmetic, medicinal, or other preparation. It will

serve as the “base” of the three natural ingredients that the researches will use to form the

product.

22
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter discussed the research design, general procedures, documentation,

respondents, instrumentation, data gathering and flow chart. This chapter presented the

research method used by the researchers in assessing and developing the present study

undertaken.

Research Design

This study used quasi-experimental, single subject design which focused only in one

respondent or subject and used observational analysis for exact and specific results that will

be collected by the researchers. The researchers implemented the design in gathering and

elucidate the accumulated data for the proposal of the said study, with the possibility of

making a scar healing gel with aloe vera, lemongrass juice extract and crushed cacao. But

before doing so, the consumer’s skin type must be identified first and the estimated

measurements of each ingredient needed for the study. In this case, the researchers

considered the amount of time in creating the product and after which conducted surveys

for the respondents.

General Procedure

The analysis and results gathered by the researchers after they have conducted the

survey regarding the effectiveness of the mixture of the natural ingredients the aloe vera,

lemongrass juice extract and the crushed cacao. And as the satisfaction, it would bring to the

respondent. The correlation of the variables will be manifested in the given survey. Thus,

direct interview and questionnaire method will be utilized in gathering of data that has

given out to the chosen respondent to collect information.

23
Ingredients:

30 ml Aloe Vera gel

½ teaspoon of crushed cacao

3 tablespoon of lemon grass (juice extracted)

Materials:

Measuring cups

Spoon

3 bottle containers (for respondents)

Knife and Chopping board

Microwave or steamer

Strainer

Procedure:

1. Prepare the ingredients and materials to be used in the experiment.

24
2. Open the aloe vera leaf into two and carve the gel inside with a spoon.

Place the carved aloe vera in a glass and put the bottom of the glass in a

bowl with hot water to achieve the liquid texture.

25
 3. Cut the lemon grass into bits with a knife. Add water.

4. On a low fire, let it sit until the water is lessened and it turns brown.

Then use a strainer, to extract the lemongrass juice extract.

26
5. Prepare hot water in a separate bowl, and let the aloe vera container sit on

it. Mix gradually to make the aloe vera particles melt totally.

6. Next, crush the cacao. See the picture below.

6. Add ½ tsp of crushed cacao and mix slowly. After which add the

lemongrass juice extract and continually mix, until the ingredients mixes

totally.

27
 7. Put the gel in a bottle for the finish product then, there you have it, a scar

healing gel for 3 hours in the making.

Respondents

The researchers have 10 target respondents in the study; however, it focused only

on one person outside of the campus, who has scars that will try the scar healing gel and

later on write reviews or feedbacks about the given product.

Research Instrumentation

In gathering the needed information, the researchers conducted a survey wherein

questionnaires with questions answerable by following choices will be distributed to the 3

respondents which consisted of their observations and feedbacks on the product. In the

structure of the questionnaire, the researchers based the content on the objectives of the

study. The questions under this experimental study were treated using observation in order

to provide conclusive results based from data obtained in the survey.

Research. The researchers gathered data from the websites and also referred from

previous studies and dissertation that were related to this research in order to carry out

this study clearly and precisely.

28
Preparation of Survey. The researchers created a survey questionnaire that served as the

primary source of data and be used to determine the feasibility of aloe vera, lemongrass

juice extract and crushed cacao as a scar healing gel with regards to its expected skin

healing effect and other benefits to the skin.

Asking for Permission. The researchers prepared a letter for permission to conduct a

survey outside of the Divine Word College of Legazpi, Senior High School Department that

was addressed to the administration of Senior High School.

Item Analysis. After gathering data from the respondents, the researchers will analyze and

interpret the gathered data from the conducted survey and gave a statistical treatment on

order to arrive with a certain conclusion.

Data Gathering Procedure

After coming up with the questionnaires, the researcher should let the 3

respondents try the scar healing gel and let the respondents apply it to their skin for 7 days

in order to know the effects and reaction of the skin to the product. Also, unstructured

interviews were conducted to the respondents to collect additional information and

suggestions to support their answers. The questionnaires will be retrieved and the

researchers will tally, analyze and interpret the data to have the findings and conclusion.

Below shows the overall procedures in the experimentation:

Trials of Experimentation

TRIAL #1
29
 The researchers used a juicer machine to for the lemongrass’ extraction with

oil and it turns out unsuccessful because there were no juice extracted and the

lemongrass was uncrushed.

TRIAL #2

The researchers fried the lemongrass and used oil in order to come up with

scented lemongrass oil but it also appeared ineffective, because the lemongrass was

burnt.

TRIAL #3

The researchers used cloth to squeeze the fluid of the extraction of

lemongrass but the researchers found out that instead of using cloth for extraction,

they can use a strainer.

30
 TRIAL #4

In order to achieved the gel texture of the product, the researcher tried to use

a seaweed powder (gelatin), the gel texture of the product was achieved when it

was still heated but when it was cooled already, the product’s texture became a solid

gel and was unable to apply on the skin.

31
 TRIAL #5

Since the gel texture was not achieve in trial 4, the researcher tried to use a

petroleum jelly as an ingredient that will make the product be in a gel texture. But it

turns out that it isn’t compatible with other ingredients because there’s an oil

structure and white particles formed in the mixing of the product. The ingredients

were needed to be melted first under the heat, to have a liquid form.

32
 Create the questionnaires to be distributed

Let the respondent apply the scar healing gel to their skin with documentation

Make the respondent apply the skin healing gel for 7 days

Conduct unstructured interview that is connected to the questionnaire

Distribute the questionnaires to be answered after 7 days of trying

the product

Retrieve the questionnaires and recorded unstructured interviews

Analyze and interpret the data collected

Figure C.

Flow Chart

33
 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Mixture of Aloe Vera, Lemongrass Juice Extract and

Crushed Cacao as a Scar Healing Gel

In this chapter, the summary was about the data gathered by the researchers. The 3

respondents answered the survey after applying the product onto their specific scar.

A. Demographic Profile

The respondents will be known by their age, sex and civil status. Each of the

respondents had different skin types which will make it easier to identify which scar type or

skin type it is more compatible with.

Respondent’s Profile:

Age: 37

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Married

The respondent currently lived in Legazpi City and was presently working at

DOTS-Airport as a Government Employee.

I. BEFORE APPLYING THE PRODUCT

The respondent must first determine how she got the scar and also must consider

what type of scar she has.

34
 Figure 1

Determining the scars:

How long did you have the scar: 1-7 days

How did you get the scar: Insect bites, scratched until they became watery and

turned into a wound.

Describe your scar: Has skin irritations. No allergies and rashes. It is a small but

dark contracture scar.

The respondent had a contracture scar, and for 7 days the product was being

applied on the particular scar area twice a day, in which it results to contractile wound

healing process happening in the scar that has been already epithelialized and was

adequately healed.

II. DURING APPLYING THE PRODUCT

The respondent applied the Scar Healing Gel to the specific scar she have for 7 days,

to monitor the difference of the scar before and after applying the gel. Thus, using the

product, the effects and benefits will be easily determined after.

35
 Figure 2.1

Duration of applying the product in a day: Twice a day

The respondent applied the gel every morning and evening, she washed her feet

first before applying the gel.

Figure 2.2

The structure, smell, color, particles of the product:

The product smelled fine. Her skin felt moisturized after the application for 2-3

minutes. She didn’t experience any skin reactions or irritations, but the product formed

white particles, showed discoloration after more than a week, and developed a foul smell.

Through this data, it showed that the gel’s smell was fine, the respondent notice a little

change to the scar after applying the product. Through interview, the researchers also

discovered that the Respondent stored the gel inside a refrigerator. The correspondent said

that the product developed discoloration, foul smell and formed particles after the process.

III. AFTER APPLYING THE PRODUCT

In this data, the results will be showed and the researchers can easily identify the

effects and benefits of the Scar Healing Gel, after the respondent used it for 7 days.

36
 Figure 3

Changes after using the product: Noticed minimal changes to her scar after usage.

After the 7 days of application, Respondent B noticed minimal changes after her

usage because she used the product twice a day to her scar which was only one week old

before conducting the application.

37
 DOCUMENTATION

Respondent B

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

Day 4 Day 5 Day 6

38
Day 7

39
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY & FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In this chapter, the summary about the study will be presented. Conclusion have

been drawn from the finding that the researchers have made which are based on the

analysis of the Mixture of Aloe Vera, Lemongrass Juice Extract and Crushed Cacao whether

it was effective or not; as well as the recommendations were drawn from the set of

conclusions given provided. At the end, following questions were answered indicated.

Summary & Findings

Scar is the hardest thing to remove from your skin, which will stick to you for a long

time, not all individuals may have the same scar, but its structure, color and size are almost

the same. Therefore, this study gives another set of facts that proved that the natural

ingredients were slightly effective by any means of the amount applied and the duration.

After collecting and interpreting all the gathered data, the following findings were

accorded that the respondent is female, and has the status of married. The respondent

doesn’t have allergies but one of them has skin irritations, and each of them has a specific

scar: Respondent A and C’s scar was keloid scar. Respondent A got her scar less than 2 years

ago, while Respondent C got hers in a bike accident, while respondent B got her contracture

scarf rom insect bites during Christmas season. Out of 3 respondents, only Respondent B’s

survey was applicable to this study, since there were minimal changes occurred in her scar,

meaning the product was slightly effective.

The objectives of the study was to determine and identify the effects of the scar

healing gel, composed the mixture of aloe vera, lemongrass juice extract and crushed cacao

when applying it to the skin. This helped the individuals to gain additional knowledge in

40
combining the three natural ingredients. The data gathered are sought to answer the

following questions:

I. What are the skin benefits of aloe Vera, lemongrass juice extract and

crushed cacao?

1. Based on the gathered data from the respondents, the researchers found

out the 3 corresponding respondents tried the Scar Healing Gel out of 3.

Thus, the changes of the product are only minimal, it helped the scar

lighten the color and minimize its size.

2. The researchers found out that the product can moisturize the skin.

(any skin type)

3. No allergies, rashes, irritations and other negative skin reactions

occurred.

II. What is the composition of the product in terms of:

a) Smell

1. At first the smell was fine, but after 1 week, it developed a foul odor. For

Respondent C, the foul smell developed during application after storing

the product at room temperature, unlike Respondent B, who avoided the

development of foul odor by refrigerating the product.

b) Color

1. Discoloration occurred during the 7th day.

2. The discoloration was caused by the process of extraction of the

lemongrass since it was done in high heat.

41
 c) Structure

1. White particles formed in the product because of the Aloe Vera.

III. What are the effects of the product to the scar applied?

1. The product only resulted to a minimal change, however, it did not cause

any skin irritations although the product showed discoloration, formed

particles, and developed a foul odor.

IV. What could the product recommend to the other future related researchers?

1. An organic preservative must be used to lengthen the storage life of the

product.

2. Further experimentation must be done to discover a way to avoid

discoloration.

3. A fragrance must be added to the product to produce a pleasing smell.

4. Research and experiment on other ingredients that can be added for it to

be used as a facial cleanser, lotion, or other uses.

Conclusions

1. Based on the gathered data from the respondent outside of the Divine Word

College of Legazpi City, Senior High School Department campus, the researchers

concluded that the changes of the product cause to the skin are only minimal; it

helps the scar lighten the color and minimize its size. The product can

moisturize any skin type, and it was okay to individuals, because no allergies,

rashes, irritations and other negative skin reactions occurred.

42
 2. The product’s smell was fine, the skin were moisturized after the application,

although white particles formed because of Aloe Vera and discoloration showed

during their consumption. The product developed a foul smell after 7 days. In

this matter, the product should be refrigerated to preserve its storage life, since

aloe vera melts at a hot or warm temperature. The discoloration was caused by

the lemongrass’ extraction, this mustn’t be burnt. The structure’s extraction

must be done in a low or alternate heat. And lastly, the crushed cacao must be

pure (not a ready-made cacao with sugar).

3. In 7 days of application of the product, the respondent noticed minimal changes

after her usage because the scar she has was only 1-7 days ago before she

applies the product. Also, her product was store in a refrigerator, so the life span

of the aloe vera gel was long. The duration of usage should be from 1-3 months.

4. The product was recommended to other related future researchers in order to

have an organic or natural preservative, so the product could have a long

storage life. The product need a fragrance to produce a pleasing smell and lastly,

other ingredients can be added in the product and can use in other way, such as:

facial cleanser, lotion, moisturizer, face mask, facial mask and other products

that are related in terms of applying to the skin.

Recommendations

1. The researchers recommend this to all people, especially to individuals who

were eager to treat and recover their skin. The product is one hundred percent

safe, because no side effects occurred. This product is also a hundred percent

natural and organic.

43
2. The researchers found out that the ingredients have other uses for the product

such as a sanitizer, ointment or cleanser since the ingredients used were purely

organic.

3. Aside from scar healing, each of the three ingredients used contain other

properties and benefits which future entrepreneurs can try. Entrepreneurs

might also produce the product for it is easy to make, and sell it for an

affordable price.

4. Based on the summary, findings and conclusion of the study, here are several

recommendations to be considered for future researchers. The researchers

recommend finding a way to produce or maintain a gel-like structure such as

an ointment or wax, rather than a liquid form. The product would be more

effective if added with a preservative to lengthen its shelf life. Adding one or

more organic ingredients can also make the product more effective. The future

researchers can further explore and discover other uses for the product. If this

research would be studied further, much bigger results and improvements

would have been produced compared to this present study.

44
45