“Making a Soap out of Orange Juice

and Orange Peel”

A Science Investigatory Project Presented to the Senior High
School Department of Monlimar Development Academy, Inc.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the subject of

Capstone Project.

Angelica S. Bellon

Charla F. Remolano

Charles Jerick Talaue

Jayvee O. Velasco

Jeff Andrew T. Salles

Jerome T. Bello

John Mark L. Sabio

Lord Benedick C. Francisco

Lovely G. Bautista

Mhyco M. Mundo

Pearl Apple D. Isada

Rafael A. Forbes

Rejie Indonilla
 CHAPTER I
A. Introduction

This Science Investigatory Research Project aims to produce an Output that can be used to
help not just the institute that this Investigatory Project will be submitted to but also to the people
who need to be informed and have this Product Output of this Science Investigatory Project. As
an adolescent, it is common for us to have many acne, pimples, and dead skin cells. And many
of the youths are being abused/bullied/discriminated against just because of having these minor
skin problems. And because of this, it causes an individual to have low self-esteem and thus,
causes them to be insecure of how they look. Having such low self-esteem of how an individual
looks can affect many factors and courses of one’s life, it includes the possibility of declined
academic performance, tardiness, low class participations and recitations, and decrease of
interactions with peers in the Educational Factor. Difficulty to connect with other individuals, the
development of anxiety and depression in Psychological and Emotional Factor on the other
hand. In fact, there are a lot of factors that can be affected with just an unhealthy skin.

This Investigatory Project aims to inform what are the benefits of the Output Product and
make an Outcome Product, a soap made out of Orange Peel and Natural Orange juice to be
benefited to the individuals that have the said skin problems such as acne, pimples, and dead
skin cells. The outcome of this study will serve as a product to be used and benefited by the
consumers. And with the hopes of us the Investigators, this Investigatory Project can be used to
develop a healthier skin product in their own future study. In this study the Investigators will
determine and present the health benefits of using Orange Peel and juice as a soap for the skin.
The data and findings to be collected will be of use to the future investigators to develop a more
useful output product.

B. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Research is referred to as a collection of information as well as a process that allows us to

connect data sources into coherent and comprehensive understandings of the natural world. It
can be a way to learn about the universe's elements and how they function right now, in the
past, and in the near future. In regard to overall production, orange fruits do the best
economically. The best source of vitamin C, which is good for wellbeing and glowing skin, is
orange fruit. The majority of an orange's benefits, however, are found in the skin itself. Orange
juice contains a large amount of orange extract, which gives oranges their characteristically
citrusy flavor. The antispasmodic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, narcotic,
carminative, tonic, diuretic, and cholagogic properties of orange fundamental oil are responsible
for its health benefits. Due to its anti-inflammatory and germicidal properties, essential orange
oil is a great ingredient for skin and hair.
 Nowadays, people have a broad outlook on the environment. They consider a lot of materials
that can be recycled into products to prevent waste. We believed that orange fruit peels could
be used to make soap. This product uses orange peel, orange juice, and soap base to save
money on the cost of purchasing different soap brands. These soaps are safe, non-toxic, and
beneficial for those with sensitive skin, especially kids. Orange fruits have been a source of
nourishment for humans since they always enjoyed the flavor and some of the necessary
vitamins and minerals mostly found in them. From orange peel or orange juice, soap can be
used as a natural medicine for a variety of illnesses, including itchiness, wound healing. Orange
peel prevents your skin from getting too oily or dry. When applied to skin, it also works as a
toner, removing dead skin and dirt and tightening pores. Being a phenomenal source of Vitamin
C, oranges are extremely useful for skin. The enzymes present in the orange peel remove dead
epithelial cells and cleanse the skin deeply.

C. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to identify exactly what the benefits of making soap out of orange juice and
orange peel will be to the respondents' health. According to studies, oranges' vitamin C is very
important for preventing the telltale signs of aging. It makes your skin appear firm, supple,
youthful, and fresh. Oranges have many benefits for our bodies, and we will also learn here
what exactly can be done so that we can enhance their proper use.

The objectives of this Science Investigatory Project are as follows:

1. Compared with all people who use orange peel and juice soap that other dead skin and
acne are cured but people who do not use orange peel and juice soap are effective but it
takes a long time to get rid of.

2. Check whether orange peel and juice soaps cause facial pain or not.

3. Determine if orange peel and juice soap is more damaging to the skin than regular soap.

HYPOTHESIS

H0

There is no significant relationship in using orange peel soap in the skin of the 17 - 18 age
range.
 Ha

There is a significant relationship in using orange peel soap in the skin of the boys and girls.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Student

The student will benefit from this investigatory project because it is part of being a teenager.
It is important because it has many benefits that can be taught because through this study only
through doing this helps it because it can sell and offer. to fellow students what happens when
this type of soap is used and until this brand is recognized and we will need to talk to fellow
students but in the next grade and they have this type of project that they can use it, they get
an idea and they can apply it to themselves because it improves a lot, especially when they
apply it to themselves and learn how to make this kind of products

Teacher

This research study will be additionally going ahead with administrators and head Teacher
in Monlimar Development Academy , Inc. Because our topic in this study in making a Orange
Peel Soap to have a good example product that we can use and also that gives us benefits in
creating a orange peel soap to build an effective way to create this product so the institution can
assist or assist us in creating a Orange Peel Soap To Administrator, Teachers and staff in
school. after this research study was conducted in can be a helpful guide for the benefits in
making a orange peel soap

Future Researchers

This study would help the future researchers to be aware and knowledgeable of the
processes involved in making soap out of orange juice and orange peel. It would help them to
be a better analyst and it can be a help as a future reference for more studies in the future.
Through our investigatory project they will have an idea of what we have discovered in this
study and what are the weaknesses of this project that should be developed. In this way, as
time passes, the studies become better because the
 observations and analysis of previous researchers help to provide background information
to future researchers.

School Departments

This will help them determine the benefits of alternative projects inside the school. It will also
help to determine what specific things they should find on our product which is orange peel
soap. they focus on more and further enhance in order to make the product properly execute
and determine the effects on the students.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

This science investigatory research project considers the possibility of orange peels being
used to create soap and the benefits it will bring to the population of test subjects within the age
range of 17-18 to ascertain the positive effects of using the orange peel soap on the skin, the
product of this science investigatory research project will be presented at Monlimar
Development Academy Inc and will be done within the school year of 2022-2023.

This does not go beyond the set parameters and will therefore not include variables such as the
acidity of the orange peel, the skincare routine of the users prior to using the product, nor the
subspecies of orange used.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Acne

According to clevelandclinic.org, acne is the most prevalent skin problem, acne, is caused by
clogged skin pores. Blackheads, whiteheads, and other types of pimples are caused by pore
blockages. Pus-filled bumps on your skin that can be uncomfortable are known as pimples Acne
vulgaris is the official name for the condition.

2. Anxiety

According to Merriamwebster.com, anxiety is a mental condition characterized by tension,

worry, or self-doubt.
3. Orange

According to merriam.com, Orange is any of several tiny, evergreen citrus trees (genus
Citrus) with orange-shaped fruits and glossy, ovate leaves, hard yellow wood, and fragrant white
blossoms.

4. Anti-inflammatory

According to the National Career Institute (2013), an anti-inflammatory is a medication or

substance. It reduces the inflammation in a person's body, which includes the redness, swelling,
and pain.

5. Nourishment

According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (2018), nourishment is

something that nourishes a person. Which provided healthy growth. It is important because
nutrients are a critical part of health and development.

6. Epithelial

According to the National Career Institute (2008), epithelium, or epithelial, is a tissue of

animals. It is a continuous, thin layer that protects the layer of packed cells. With a small amount
of intercellular matrices.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

LOCAL STUDIES
FOREIGN STUDIES
As stated by Borse, S. L.; Badwar, M. R.;
et al. (June, 2019), "Upon investigation, it
has been determined that the
effectiveness of orange peel soap is
superior when compared to its base
counterpart. According to feedback from
80% of participants, they found more
satisfaction in using orange peel soap
over plain soap. The properties observed
within this particular product include anti-
aging benefits and exfoliating qualities
combined with a distinct fragrance all
whilst providing skin lightening attributes
sourced directly from an extract derived
specifically from oranges' peels
themselves." Based on these findings, it
can be inferred that orange peel soap
possesses stronger whitening properties
than the control soap." With the
conducted research by the researchers,
they found out that using orange peel as
a base flavouring for a soap has different
effects on the participant's skin than that
of just a plane soap. Orange peels have
the ability to whiten the skin, anti-aging,
and combined with its scent. 80% of the
said participants were satisfied in the
result after using orange peel soap.
According to Waste Management version
of record 9 june, 2017. A green
perspective based on the production of
soap from waste resources such leftover
cooking oil, orange peels, and nut shells
is provided.Thousands of tons of garbage
from spent cooking oil and an increase in
the manufacture of nut shell wastes are
produced annually in Portugal. Moreover,
a lot of citrus peel is produced due to the
widespread use of citrus fruits,
particularly oranges. In order to turn these
wastes back into raw materials, it is
therefore vital to vary the reuse methods
for these wastes. This work was
completed in accordance with this trend
by formulating and creating soap,
conducting an acceptance study of the
finished product, processing and crushing
almond shells, treating used oil,
processing orange peels and extracting
limonene, and treating used oil. The
findings demonstrated the idea's strong
potential in the area of environmental
education, allowing for its replication in
real-world settings.This study used waste
goods as the main raw materials in an
effort to produce a useful, affordable, and
high-quality green soap.The interactions
and conflicts between man and nature
have always existed and have had a
significant impact on our lives and health.
Environmental projects already address
connections, natural cycles, renewable
energy, and moral questions.
Unfortunately, some materials cannot be
composted (such as oils) and others can
obstruct this biological process (such as
citrus peel), despite its cheap economic
cost and trash reduction in landfills (DR,
2009, Ruiz and Flotats, 2014).
In an article by Thomas W. (October
2019) "Orange peels can offer several
health benefits. This includes being
dense in nutrients such as vitamin C and
fiber. In fact, a single tablespoon of
orange peel (6 grams) contains 14% of
your daily vitamin C requirements, which
is
surprisingly three times higher than the
inner fruit itself. The same serving of
orange peel also packs four times more
fiber. Fiber and vitamin C aid in
cardiovascular and digestive health and
may protect against certain types of
cancer." Considering what is said here,
aside from giving benefits like additional
Vitamin C and fiber that aid in
Cardiovascular and digestive health, the
main effect of orange peels is helping in
preventing cancer.
(Okwu, Emenike, and Ezejiofor, 2006) et
al., 2011). Citrus fruits are generally great
suppliers of vitamins, minerals, and
enzymes. They are reportedly free of fat
and cholesterol but include vital minerals
like silica, calcium, phosphorus,
potassium, and magnesium (Assa et al.,
2013). The antimicrobial properties of
essential oils from citrus plants have
demonstrated to be of particular interest
for applications within the food industries.
The peel and seed oil produced alkali,
which was used to make soap
LOCAL STUDIES
As stated by azian bt othman
(february,2013) A homemade cleaning
solution created from fermented orange
peel has a lot of potential for use in
various cleaning applications. It was
made by putting it through a fermentation
process utilizing the right proportions of
water, orange peel waste, and brown
sugar for at least three months. This
proposed study looked into the efficacy of
an orange peel waste fermentation broth
as a dishwashing detergent. It also seeks
to separate the protein mixture from
various fermentation
ages and determine its potential
composition. The comparison of the
cleaning power of fermentation broth from
various ages with solvent is a suggested
method for this inquiry. While size
exclusion chromatography (SEC) was
used to determine the distribution of
molecular weight in order to analyze the
potential content, SDS-PAGE and High
Performance Liquid Chromatography
(HPLC) were used to determine the
molecular weight of the protein in the
sample and to look for any potential
organic acids. According to the findings, 3
months of fermentation broth has the
greatest cleaning power, followed by 5
months and 1 month. While a-amylase,
protease, and lipase may be present in
fermentation broths of all ages, according
to SEC results, and SDS-PAGE results,
these three enzymes are present in
fermentation broths. Finally, HPLC results
demonstrated that succinic acid and lactic
acid are present in fermentation broths of
all ages. Conclusion: The strongest
cleaning strength and most comparable
to dishwashing detergent is found in a
three-month fermented broth made from
orange peel waste. Then, the potential
contents of all ages of fermentation
broths were determined by fractional
them into various types of protein.
According to E. Oliveros, M. Esguerra et
al., a facial wash made from orange peel
and ground coffee to help skin conscious
people maintain healthy skin. The product
was packed with Vitamin C, calcium, and
anti-oxidant from the orange peel and
ground coffee and promised to give the
consumers twice the benefits they get
from other brands of facial wash. This
study aimed to determine the feasibility of
producing facial wash for potential
consumers from Cabuyao, Calamba, and
Los Banos. Results showed that there is
an assurance that the product would be
profitable.
According to S. Gonzalez, L. Cantillan et
al., This study determined the feasibility
of producing Gel Air Freshener with
Mosquito Repellent from used ground
coffee and orange peel. Aiming to be
profitable and distinct among the
available brands of air freshener and
repellent produced by other
manufacturers, this product was
developed to eliminate odor and to serve
as a decorative item. Located at the Light
Industry and Science Park 1 in Cabuyao
City Laguna, MGC Company, which
stands for Making Green Cities, was at
the center of the target area and near the
potential suppliers of raw materials.
Findings revealed a high profitability of
the product since MGC Company would
distribute the product in Calamba,
Cabuyao and Sta. Rosa - the three
selected cities that had the highest
percentage of dengue and the most
populated areas in Laguna. The technical
study showed the manufacturing process
involved in producing Gel Air Freshener
with Mosquito Repellent from used
ground coffee and orange peel as well as
the specification of the product,
machines, tools, equipment, direct and
indirect materials, and packaging
materials.
According to M, Maldonado, N, Xavier et
al,. (2020) The orange peel, as well as
that of other fruits, contains substances
with antioxidant properties that are highly
beneficial to humans. Among these, the
hesperidin and its aglycone form
hesperetin, which can block free radicals,
have antidepressant, antiangiogenic, anti-
oxidative stress effects and can act as a
preventive for neurodegenerative
diseases. The present review will
highlight the benefits of hesperidin and
hesperetin that have great benefits to
human health, especially for the central
nervous system. These substances are
easy to extract and of low cost.
According to Garcia (2020) DOST-9
backs researcher to develop studies on
citrus peels The financial support was
released through the Zamboanga Council
for Health Research and Development-
Regional Research Fund (ZCHRD-RRF),
DOST-9 Director Martin Wee said
Monday. Wee said the grant will be
utilized to obtain the necessary
provisions, supplies and materials, and
chemical reagents for the conduct of
several test solutions of antioxidant, and
anti-arthritic activity present in the peels
of Citrus limon and Citrus sinensis.
He said the study serves as preliminary
research for future drug product
development (capsules, tablets, or
candies) as an alternative, or in
synergistic combination with synthetic
anti-arthritic or antioxidant drugs already
available in the market. The research also
aims to establish an initiative for
sustainable development by utilizing
waste materials that contain bioactive
compounds of potential benefits for the
improvement of human health. Wee said
the study, the third research funded
locally through the ZCHRD–RRF, is
expected to yield powdered purified
extracts that will be ready for
encapsulation, or incorporation in tablet
formulation, or any other dosage forms
for future product development.
Additionally, a study conducted by
Fatimae Mariano (2019) and funded by
the Department of Science and
Technology in Region 9 determined the
antioxidant and anti-arthritic activity of
citrus fruit peels. These properties make
orange peels a great ingredient for soap,
as it can help to protect the skin from
bacteria and other environmental
pollutants. Furthermore, orange peels can
be used to extract essential oils through
various extraction processes, such as
steam distillation, water distillation, and
solvent extraction.
REFERENCES
Borse, S. L.; Badwar, M. R.; et al. (June,
2019). Formulation and Evaluation of
Two
Layered Soap Containing Orange Peel
Extract. ProQuest.
https://www.proquest.com/docview/
2260394434/fulltext/
266FC4F2CA1A40AFPQ/1?
accountid=10098
Sandra Félix a, Joana Araújo a, Ana
Mari Pires a b, Ana
Cláudia Sousa (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04
.036.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/
science/article/pii/S0956053X1730291X).
Thomas W. (October 2019) The Benefits
of Orange Peel and How to Eat It
https://www.qipa.org/health-benefits-of-
orange-peel/
AZIAN BT OTHMAN (,2013) Investigation
on the potential of orange peel waste in
the production of useful homemade
solution.
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/1591821
92.pdf
Oliveros, E. Q., Esguerra, M. P.,
Panisales, G. A. & Bobadilla, R. M.
(2016). PRODUCTION AND
MARKETING OF FACIAL WASH MADE
FROM ORANGE PEEL AND GROUND
COFFEE. Ani: Letran Calamba Research
Report, 3(1).
Gonzales, S. R., Cantillan, L. D., Moreno,
M. G. & Anyayahan, E. G. (2016).
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF
GEL AIR FRESHENER WITH
MOSQUITO REPELLANT FROM USED

GROUND COFFEE AND ORANGE

PEEL. Ani: Letran Calamba Research
Report, 3(1).

Martins, M. Maldonado, P. Niz, X. Almir

Sousa Martins, Durval Batista Palhares
Physiology 233 (9)

Mendes, Ryan (2019) 17,20 FRUIT PEEL

SOAP AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL
PROPERTIES IN SKIN CARE
10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i3.34086