GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Kalibo, Aklan

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nowadays, millions of soaps are being utilized as it is one of the most basic essentials

that are being used every day. It is intended to wash and clean the body and ensures sure that

exterior portions, notably the skin, are free of microorganisms. In terms of sanitary precautions,

soap is a prominent cleanser that aids people eradicate bacteria and germs that came into contact

with the skin, in addition, to maintaining the body’s health and sanity.

Soap, according to Jay (2013), may be identified as a chemical compound or mixture of

chemical compounds produced by the interaction of saturated fats or fatty glycerides with a metal

radical (or organic base). Hodgson (2015) claims that soaps are lubricants and may include

agents that kill or neutralize bacteria. With the aid of water, dirt will be lifted or pushed off surfaces

attributable to the lubricant in soap. There are numerous varieties of soaps available today, each

with a wide range of purposes, as it available for personal, commercial, and industrial use.

Moreover, saponification is a fundamental step in the procedure of developing soap. When

vegetable oil or animal fat is combined with a potent alkali, a chemical reaction known as

saponification takes place, according to a page by Hamner (2006, as quoted by Cordial, 2020).

The end result of this reaction will be the development of soap, which forms the basis of the

study's main concept. Together with the experimentation, this study would also go through the

same process.
 GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan

Conversely, activated charcoal attracted growing interest within the beauty industry based

on skin advantages it offers, such as aiding to treat acne, anti-aging, and psoriasis (Barayuga,

2022). Notwithstanding these advantages associated, its anti-bacterial capability is much

essential to this endeavor. As an antimicrobial component for soaps, activated charcoal is a great

complement. It has the ability to completely eradicate bacteria and viruses and renders it hard for

any of the said substances to persist. It is an excellent tool for getting rid of unpleasant odors,

especially bodily excretions. Activated charcoal extracts cleanse the skin by dispersing all

substances when rinsed with water, and its antibacterial properties will get rid of any virus-

spreading germs that have been distributed, preventing them from adhering to other surfaces and

so reducing the possibility that they will infect people (Ancheta, 2022).

Additionally, an orange, particularly, the mandarin orange (Citrus Reticulata) is the most

typically cultivated tree fruit in the world. Orange trees are generally cultured in tropical

environments for the sweet natural product, which is stripped or cut and devoured entire or

analyzed for extraction of orange juice and also for the fragrant peel. Orange fruit is indeed the

greatest source of Vitamin C, which is beneficial to overall well-being and healthy skin. Citrus

fruits, according to Borse (2019), are outstanding for their aroma, owing to flavonoids and

limonoids found in the skin. Yet, orange peel itself contains the vast majority of their benefits.

Orange peel has potentially valuable components that can be developed into high-quality

products. Due to its anti-inflammatory and germicidal properties, the powder created from drying

the peel is a great ingredient for skin and hair (Yoshizaki et al., 2014). In addition to serving as a

secondary element for the anti-bacterial property, this will also provide aroma to the soap, which

will simultaneously oxidize and remove any residual odor.

 GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan

In everyday life, people frequently interact and have a malodorous foul, for example, weary

garments and socks have one unpleasant sweat odor or bromhidrosis flavor, and clean fish and

shrimp and mutton afterward, will have a fishlike fragrance or smell of mutton on hand. Washing

one's hands is a frequent practice that one might engage in to get rid of bad odors and attain

hygienic intents. Nevertheless most of the time, soaps just work to temporarily clean the surface

and don't get rid of the odor's underlying cause or the stench itself.

And hence, in an effort to determine its feasibility and to satisfy consumer demand for an

aromatic and effective deodorizing soap, researchers explored the possibility of manufacturing

soap with an odor neutralizer and long-lasting fragrance characteristic using activated charcoal

and powdered mandarin orange (Citrus Reticulata) peel. Soap making can be a great experience

that might, at the same time, offer room for maneuvering in experimenting with a different kind of

soap. Researchers aimed to develop a soap that is unique from other soap products through the

study even though this kind of product hasn't yet reached market demand.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study was conducted to determine the acceptability of Activated Charcoal and

Mandarin Orange (Citrus Reticulata) peel powder as aromatic deodorizing soap.

Specifically, this sought to answer the following question:

1. What is the degree of acceptability of Activated Charcoal and Mandarin Orange (Citrus

Reticulata) peel powder as aromatic deodorizing soap in terms of:

a. Hardness,

b. Cleansing,

c. Lather,
 GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan

d. Color,

e. Fragrance

2. What is the perception of the respondents towards the homemade aromatic deodorizing

soap in terms of:

a. Hardness,

b. Cleansing,

c. Lather,

d. Color,

e. Fragrance

3. Determine whether there is a significant difference among the treatments of Activated

Charcoal and Mandarin Orange (Citrus Reticulata) peel powder as soap.

4. Determine whether there is a significant difference among the treatments as to the lasting

rate of the soap.

HYPOTHESES

In order to pursue the objectives of the study, the following hypotheses are advanced:

1. There is no significant differences among the treatments in terms of hardness, cleansing,

lather, color, and texture.

2. There are no significant difference in the lasting rate of the soap as to the different level

activated charcoal and mandarin orange peel powder.

 GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The relationship between the variables is shown in Figure 1.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Activated Charcoal and

Mandarin Orange (Citrus
Reticulata) Peel Powder as
Aromatic Deodorizing Soap
Degree of Acceptability and
Perception of the Respondents in
Treatment 1 terms of:
150 ml coconut oil + 75 ml olive
oil + 75 ml canola oil + 45g of lye
+ 100ml water + 1 tsp activated • Hardness
charcoal + 1 tsp mandarin • Cleansing
orange peel powder • Lather
• Color
Treatment 2
150 ml coconut oil + 75 ml olive
• Fragrance
oil + 75 ml canola oil + 45g of lye
+ 100ml water + 2 tsp activated
charcoal + 2 tsp mandarin Lasting Rate of Aromatic
orange peel powder Deodorizing Soap
Treatment 3
150 ml coconut oil + 75 ml olive
oil + 75 ml canola oil + 45g of lye
+ 100ml water + 3 tsp activated
charcoal + 3 tsp mandarin
orange peel powder

Figure 1 shows Schematic diagram showing the relationship between the Treatment 1
(150 ml coconut oil + 75 ml olive oil + 75 ml canola oil + 45g of lye + 100ml water + 1 tsp activated
charcoal + 1 tsp mandarin orange peel powder), Treatment 2 (150 ml coconut oil + 75 ml olive oil
+ 75 ml canola oil + 45g of lye + 100ml water + 2 tsp activated charcoal + 2 tsp mandarin orange
peel powder), and Treatment 3 (150 ml coconut oil + 75 ml olive oil + 75 ml canola oil + 45g of
lye + 100ml water + 3 tsp activated charcoal + 3 tsp mandarin orange peel powder) as the
independent variable and the degree of acceptability and perception of the respondents in terms
of hardness, cleansing, lather, color, and fragrance and the lasting rate of aromatic deodorizing
soap as the dependent variable.
 GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this research will be useful to the following:

1. Students. This study will serve as their source of information about The Acceptability of

Activated Charcoal and Mandarin Orange (Citrus Reticulata) Peel Powder as Aromatic

Deodorizing Soap. The data gathered will help them overcome the problem with

unpleasant odor in the body and replacing it with the tangy and sweet orange smell that

will encourage them to participate socially.

2. Present Researcher - This study will benefit the current researchers as it will enable them

to discover and understand The Acceptability of Activated Charcoal and Mandarin Orange

(Citrus Reticulata) Peel Powder as Aromatic Deodorizing Soap. The knowledge obtained

from this research would then serve as a guidance and stepping stone for them as they

discover answers in this study, preparing them to become great future researchers in the

community.

3. Parents. The result of this study will aid the parents on how The Acceptability of Activated

Charcoal and Mandarin Orange (Citrus Reticulata) Peel Powder as Aromatic Deodorizing

Soap provide their own and their children’s needs. This will enable parents to establish

healthy relationships with their children at home.

4. Consumers. The study's findings will be useful information about The Acceptability of

Activated Charcoal and Mandarin Orange (Citrus Reticulata) Peel Powder as Aromatic

Deodorizing Soap, providing consumers with information about the powerful absorption

properties of Activated Charcoal combined with the bright, fresh scent of Mandarin Orange

(Citrus Reticulata) from the powder created from its peel.

 GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan

5. Future Researchers. This study will be useful to future researchers interested in The

Acceptability of Activated Charcoal and Mandarin Orange (Citrus Reticulata) Peel Powder

as Aromatic Deodorizing Soap, and it may be useful to future academics interested in

conducting a similar study. The study's findings can be used to identify additional variables

for their own research project.

Scope and Limitations

The research is geared toward developing an acceptable aromatic deodorizing soap using

locally accessible resources such as activated charcoal and mandarin orange (Citrus Reticulata)

peel. This demonstrates a concise and useful technique for neutralizing unpleasant odors caused

by microbial contamination along with other benefits by infusing it with activated charcoal and

citrus essence from the peel's powder.

The main components are mandarin orange (Citrus Reticulata) fruits that will be

purchased in the local public market of Kalibo, Aklan. The other significant material is activated

charcoal along with lye (Sodium Hydroxide), used to generate the soap base, which will be

acquired on local pharmacies and online through Shopee, an online-shopping app. The essential

vegetable oils for soap making including canola and olive oil will be purchased in the supermarket

within the said vicinity. The coconut oil and aloe vera will be obtained and prepared at home.

The study will be delimited into four months experiment. Following the processing and

finalization of the completed product, it will be subjected to observation and in-depth assessment.
 GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan

In terms of methodology and applicability, the study has limitations. The experimental

technique will be used.

The researchers have chosen fifteen (15) students from Garcia College of Technology,

Inc. Academic Year 2022-2023 as the respondents to evaluate the product's efficacy. The study

will be further limited to students who have agreed to use the aromatic deodorizing soap, and the

researchers have not selected individuals who are reluctant to use the said product.

The experimental investigation is scheduled to take place from February to May 2023 and

will include the purchase of materials, development of the output, experimental trials, and

evaluation of the finished product. This research will be held at Garcia College of Technology,

Inc.

DEFINITION OF TERMS