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NIÑO FORMATION AND SCIENCE SCHOOL

Feasibility of Gumamela and Kamias Extract as Dishwashing

Liquid.

A Thesis

Presented to

The Faculty of the Junior Highschool Department

Ma’am Edna C. Uypala

The Sto. Niño Formation and Science School

Rosario, Batangas

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

in Research 10

By:

Ebreo, Edmund Carlo E.

Dagli, Althea Marie A.

Ebreo, Frances Therese S.

Pulido, Jefrene Margareth A.

Ramoran, Melinda D.

March 2020

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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM: RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND

Introduction

Soap has been used as a cleaning agent ever since it’s

been discovered, but throughout the years it’s been refined

that it has been filled with more and more chemicals so the

term “organic” has popped up in the recent years. Due to the

fact that more and more people are getting more concerned

about their health and wellness. Therefore, there has been a

rise for products that has this title. In this study, the

researchers will be experimenting on making an organic dish

washing liquid using Gumamela and Kamias extract for

something more natural and cost-efficient.

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It would be fairly simple to acquire the ingredients

required for the product. The components are as follows:

Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Linn.) About 300 species

are found worldwide. Its beauty makes it one of the most

widely cultivated flowers, in brilliant hues of red, orange,

and purplish-reds, with short-lived but continuing blooms.

Studies have demonstrated anti-bacterial, hypotensive,

antispasmodic, and chemo preventive activities and Kamias

(Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) is considered antibacterial,

astringent, antiscorbutic, febrifuge, antidiabetic,

stomachic, and refrigerant. The Gumamela flower’s slimy

slippery extract combined with the antibacterial properties

of Kamias should be acceptable for the experiment.

In conclusion, the components are easy to acquire,

cost-effective and organic. In the study, the researchers be

will experimenting to be able to produce an organic

dishwashing liquid. The researchers will be using the

extract of Gumamela and Kamias to make this happen.

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Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of the study is to produce a

dishwashing liquid from Gumamela and Kamias extract. It

specifically aims to answer the following questions:

1.Is the dishwashing liquid out of Gumamela and Kamias

efficient?

2.Is the dishwashing liquid effective in only using the two

components: Gumamela and Kamias?

3.Is this organic dish washing liquid made out of Gumamela

and Kamias extract feasible?

Hypotheses

The researchers have formulated the following null

hypothesis:

1. The dish washing liquid out of Gumamela and Kamias

extract is not efficient.

2. The mixture will not be effective with these two

components: Gumamela and Kamias?

3. The dish washing liquid out of Gumamela and Kamias

extract is not feasible.

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Conceptual Framework

In the first box of the paradigm which is the

extraction of Gumamela and Kamias. The second box is mixing

of different volumes. The next process is to experiment the

mixtures and compare it to the selected commercial

dishwashing liquid. Lastly, the results of the quality and

effectivity of each product.

Mixing of
Getting different Experimentation
Extract volumes of of mixtures
extract

Results of the
quality and
Comparison
effectivity of
each product.

Figure 1.1 Conceptual Framework

Significance of the Study

The main purpose of the study is to find out if

Gumamela and Kamias extract feasible as a dishwashing

liquid. The researchers aim to see if a dishwashing liquid

is possible with only using the combination of Gumamela and

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Kamias extract and compare it to a commercial dishwashing

liquid. If this study is successful, the researchers would

make a cleaning agent that would be less harsh and hopefully

increase the interest of people on more organic products.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study is focused on creating an organic cleaning

agent with Gumamela and Kamias Extract. The researcher’s

wanted to see if an organic dishwashing liquid is feasible.

The study was conducted in San Carlos Rosario, Batangas.

Definition of Key Terms

The definition of key terms is needed in order for the

readers to understand the thesis.

Gumamela. It is a flower used in many places around the

world for herbal medicinal purposes. Also known as the

hibiscus rosa-sinesis, China rose or shoe flower,

the Gumamela is used as an expectorant, diuretic, anti-

infectious, anti-inflammatory and more.. In this study,

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Gumamela is one of the main components for the organic

dishwashing liquid.

Kamias. In the Philippine Islands, the Bilimbi,

Averrhoa Bilimbi, a small tree belonging to the sorrel

family, having pinnately compound, sensitive leaves,

clusters of crimson flowers, and pleasantly acid fruit, with

the flavor of sorrel, which is eaten in the form of

preserves. In this study, Kamias is one of the main

components for the organic dishwashing liquid.

Alternative. A choice limited to one of two or more

possibilities, as of things, propositions, or course of

action, the selection of which precludes any other

possibility. In this study, Alternative was used to describe

another option of dishwashing liquid.

Commercial. It means involving or relating to the

buying and selling of goods. Commercial organizations and

activities are concerned with making money or profits,

rather than, for example, with scientific research or

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providing a public service. In this study, the term was used

as an adjective to describe mass produced dishwashing

liquid.

Organic. It means consisting of or relating to living

plants and animals, or the substances of which they are

made. In this study, Organic is used as a term to describe

the dishwashing liquid.

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CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the Related Literature and

studies taken from various sources like the internet, books,

and related references. The presentation starts with the

Legal bases that focuses on the laws related to the topic

followed by the foreign literature, local literature, and

then the foreign studies and lastly, the local studies. The

syntheses of the works, data and information which were

gathered are included, too.

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Related Legal Bases

Republic Act No. 7394 (1992) known as the “Consumer

Act of the Philippines” a national policy which aims to

protect the interest of the consumers and buyers of products

and services. It also aims to set and maintain standards of

conduct for both the business and industrial sectors.

The Consumer Act of the Philippines is also an act

to provide for better protection of the interest of

consumers and for that purpose to make provision for the

establishment of consumers council and other authorities for

the settlement of consumer’s disputes and for the matters

connected there with.

Related Literature

Foreign Literature

According to the article “Exposure to Dishwashing

Liquid Assessed in the University Students from Brest City:

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A Preliminary Study-A First Approach to Household Products

Exposure in France” by Alejandra Ramirez-Martinez, Natalie

Wesolek, Typhaine Morisset, Carolanne Coyat, Dominique

Parent-Massin, Alain-Claude Roudot. In recent years, more

attention has been paid to exposure of the general

population to household products. In order to assess

exposure, it is necessary to generate exposure data. For

this reason, a preliminary study of dishwashing liquid

contact on Brest university students was performed.

Dishwashing liquid is frequently used and when it is

improperly mixed it can liberate harmful molecules. As for

university students, they may have a repetitive contact with

dishwashing liquid during their academic studies. Relevant

parameters as frequency of dishwashing, duration, and amount

of dishwashing liquid were assessed from questionnaires and

laboratory tests. Tests revealed that overall no difference

between the sexes and the type of residential household on

dishwashing was present on this population. Amount of washed

items and duration was significantly correlated, which could

seem logical but remarkable considering the lack of

correlation between other parameters. Values of 1.39 and

58.8 μg/kg bw/day for the 95th percentile of dermal and

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inhalation probabilistic exposure were found, respectively.

Dermal exposure coincides with deterministic published data.

In the case of inhalation exposure no published data are

available. Higher inhalation exposure value may show that

dermal exposure is diminished by high dilution of

dishwashing liquid in water.

Local Literature

According to the article “Dishwashing in the

Philippines” In 2013, players in dishwashing increasingly

invested in awareness campaigns to boost the acceptance of

dishwashing. In a country where laundry detergent is also

used for washing dishes, the last few years of the review

period have seen several attempts at convincing the general

public of the benefits of using dishwashing products.

However, the ad campaigns in 2013, tapping hygiene and

family concerns, may be considered the most effective at

converting former laundry-detergent users to dishwashing.

This was a significant contributor to the overall growth

rate of dishwashing, at close to 6% in volume terms and 9%

in current value terms in 2013. Procter & Gamble Philippines

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Inc dominates dishwashing with its flagship brand Joy. The

company held a leading share of close to 54% in 2013, linked

largely to a strong first-mover advantage in dishwashing

liquid, with second place going to Axion, the dominant brand

in dishwashing paste, still far behind at 18%. Over the

forecast years, dishwashing is expected to continue enjoying

positive growth, with forecast CAGRs estimated at 5% in

volume and 8% in constant value terms. This is seen as a

result of the continued shifting away from substitute

products, particularly laundry detergent, for dishwashing

needs.

Review of Related Studies

Foreign Studies

According to the article “Improvement in the Safety of

Use of Hand Dishwashing Liquids Through the Addition of

Hydrophobic Plant Extracts.” by Tomasz Wasilewski, Artur

Seweryn, Maciej Krajewski. We investigated the effect of

hydrophobic extract concentration on the safety of using

hand dishwashing liquids (HDL). A series of formulations was

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prepared, differing in the concentration of the hydrophobic

chamomile extract obtained in supercritical CO2 conditions

(from 0 to 0.7 %). We found that an increase in the

concentration of the extract led to a decrease in the zein

number, and reduced changes in the pH level of bovine serum

albumin solution (i.e., two parameters determining the

irritant activity of the formulations). It was also found

that the additives reduced trans epidermal water loss and

improved the skin hydration level. Based on the findings of

the study, a mechanism has been proposed, according to which

hydrophobic plant extracts form aggregates in the volume

phase of the washing bath. The surface of the aggregates is

the adsorption area for surfactant monomers responsible for

the irritant effect. Increasing the addition of the extract

was shown to reduce the negative impact of the formulations

on the skin of the hands, thus contributing to a greater

safety of use of HDL.

Local Studies

According to article “Gumamela petals as dishwashing

liquid: The Effectiveness of Gumamela petals in removing

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stains and grease.” By: Rico Emmanuel A. Pineda, Arnieca

Lulu, Kim R. Mamayson, Jhunaiza C. Santos. Washing dishes

is one of the major house chores our parents are facing

every day. One of the hardest part of washing dishes is the

tough stains and grease that is all over the common kitchen

tools we use in our everyday life. Dishwashing liquid is a

great help to minimize the time of removing those tough

stains and grease on our kitchen tools and it totally

removes all the dirt of common kitchen tools. Justification

The researchers justify that Gumamela and kamias can be

used to make organic dishwashing liquid as it has the

benefit of being able to remove stains. The Gumamela extract

has the ability to remove grease and foul odor. The kamias

extract has its ovalic acid content which is really useful

component in a dishwashing liquid.

The researchers justify that Gumamela and kamias

extract can actually be used for dishwashing liquid. the

researchers justify that those two components. Gumamela and

kamias are useful because it’s easier to find and can also

be used in our environment.

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CHAPTER 3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this chapter the researchers will discuss the

research method applied in the study, the materials used,

the equipment/apparatus, the procedures followed, and the

data collected by the researchers.

Research Method

Experimental method was used in this study. This was

most applicable due to four control groups and an

experimental set-up with three trials. Then a comparative

study will be conducted to the dependent variable.

In this study, the control group were the four

commercial dishwashing liquid. The independent variable was

Gumamela and Kamias extract while the dependent variable was

the organic dishwashing liquid.

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Materials

The materials in the study were: Gumamela, Kamias, and

commercial dishwashing liquid. As shown in Table 3.1.

Materials Quantity

Gumamela 20 mL

Kamias 20 mL

Commercial Dishwashing

Liquid 20 mL

Table 3.1 Materials used for experimentation

Materials and Utensils

The materials and utensils used in the experiment

were mortar and pestle, measuring cup and garlic press.

Table 3.2. presents the equipment and utensils used in the

experimentations.

Utensils Quantity

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Mortar and pestle 1 unit

Measuring cup 1 unit

Garlic press 1 unit

Table 3.2 Utensils used for the Experimentation

Procedure

The first process was preparing the materials for

the experiment. The experimental batch were divided into

four set-ups. Set-up A had a higher quantity of Gumamela

than Kamias. Set-up B had a higher of quantity of Kamias

than Gumamela. Set-up C had equal amount of Gumamela and

Kamias. Set-up D which was the controlled set-up. Set-ups A,

B, and C were compared to set-up D

Set-up Set-up Set-up

A B C
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Getting the extract of Gumamela and Kamias.

Mixing the Gumamela and Kamias extract. Creating set-up, A, B,

and C.

Experimentation of mixtures.

Comparision of products. (the dependent variable and control group)

Figure 3. 1. Process flow chart for the Experimentation

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CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the data gathered through

experimentation and the results were further discussed. The

data was collected from the experimental groups from Figure

3. 1. Process flow chart for the Experimentation.

Effectiveness of Gumamela and Kamias Extract as an Organic

Dishwashing Liquid

The researchers found that the organic

dishwashing liquid is effective. Based on the results

obtained by the researchers, the organic dishwashing liquid

is not comparable to the commercial dishwashing liquid but

is acceptable.

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Results of Comparison

The researchers found out that the consistency of Set-

up A (which has more Gumamela than Kamias extract) appeared

to have the most similar consistency to Set-up D (which is

the commercial dishwashing liquid) among all the Sets.

Set-up C (which has more Kamias than Gumamela extract)

seemed to have the least similar consistency to Set-up D.

Set-up B (which has equal amounts of Gumamela and Kamias

extract) performed the best.

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Figure 4.1. Gummamela Extract (left) and Kamias Extract

(right)

Figure 4.2. Gummamela and Kamias Extract Combining.

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Figure 4.3. Set-up A has more Gumamela

Extract than Kamias Extract.

Figure 4.4. Set-up B has more Kamias

Extract than Gumamela Extract

Figure 4.5. Set-up C has equal amounts

of Gumamela and Kamias Extract.

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CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings revealed

in this study, conclusions draw from the findings and the

corresponding recommendations.

Summary of Findings

This summarizes the results in chapter 4

1. In chapter 4, the data of effects of the Gumamela and

kamias vary in different categories.

a. In terms of color, the Gumamela extract produced the

color that’s why the product turns to color red.

b. In terms of smell, it was odorless.

2. The researchers found out that the two main components:

Gumamela and kamias are effective. In Set-up A (which has

more Gumamela than kamias extract) appeared most similar to

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Set-up D (which is the commercial dishwashing liquid) among

all sets.

3. By using different sets, it varied to different results

like its effectiveness.

Conclusions

The analysis and interpretation of different data

resulted to the following conclusions.

1. The Dishwashing liquid out of Gumamela and Kamias extract

is efficient. The null hypothesis is rejected.

2. The mixture is effective using these two components:

Gumamela and Kamias. The null hypothesis is rejected.

3. The dishwashing liquid out of Gumamela and Kamias extract

is feasible. The null hypothesis is rejected.

Recommendations

Based on the conclusions and summary of findings, the

following recommendations are given:

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1. The researchers recommend to start the experiment when

Gumamela and Kamias are in season.

2. The researchers recommend adding other agents in order to

prolong the shelf life of the product.

3. The researchers recommend Set-up B (see in figure 4.3)

for its anti-bacterial properties.

4. Future researchers may conduct a similar study but are

recommended to experiment on greasy and dirty plates, add

more ingredients to better shelf life and to plan when to

collect the needed components. Gumamela and Kamias Extract.

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References:

Republic Act No. 7394 (1992) known as the “Consumer Act

of the Philippines”

https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/r

epacts/ra1992/ra_7394_1992.html

Article “Exposure to Dishwashing Liquid Assessed in the

University Students from Brest City: A Preliminary Study-A

First Approach to Household Products Exposure in France” by

Alejandra Ramirez-Martinez, Natalie Wesolek, Typhaine

Morisset, Carolanne Coyat, Dominique Parent-Massin, Alain-

Claude Roudot.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/

10.1080/10807039.2013.879018

Article “Dishwashing in the Philippines” [ClickPress,

Fri Aug 29 2014]

https://clickpress.com/releases/Detailed/707256005cp.shtml

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Gumamela information(Introduction)

(http://www.stuartxchange.org/Gumamela.html)

Kamias information (Introduction)

(http://www.stuartxchange.org/Kamias)

Gumamela meaning (Definition of Key Terms)

(https://www.reference.com/home-garden/gumamela-flower-

34b2a7b9d310759f)

Kamias meaning Definition of Key Terms)

(https://www.wordnik.com/words/kamias)

Alternative meaning (Definition of Key Terms)

(https://www.dictionary.com/browse/alternative)

Commercial meaning (Definition of Key Terms)

(https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/

commercial)

Organic Meaning (Definition of Key Terms)

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(https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/

organic)

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